Friday, 22 August 2003

Virtual Learning Environment Comparison

Contents
Contents ............................................................................................................................................1
Products ............................................................................................................................................1
Installation .........................................................................................................................................2
Moodle ..........................................................................................................................................2
Claroline ........................................................................................................................................2
ATutor ...........................................................................................................................................3
Cost ...................................................................................................................................................3
Features ............................................................................................................................................3
Moodle ..........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................3
Claroline ........................................................................................................................................4
Introduction................................................................................................................................5
ATutor ...........................................................................................................................................6
Comparison .......................................................................................................................................6
So which one is best? ....................................................................................................................7
Next steps…..............................................................................................................................8
Appendices........................................................................................................................................8
GPL License ..................................................................................................................................8

Products compared
1. Moodle (http://moodle.org/)
2. Claroline (http://www.claroline.net/)
3. ATutor (http://www.atutor.ca/)

All 3 of these Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) systems are written with PHP and MySQL and are
based on the open source (GPL) licence agreement (See appendices). Several other systems have
been investigated during the lifetime of this project, some using different technology including Java
Server Pages, Java Applets, and DHTML. However, it was felt that the infrastructure behind the newly
installed VLE should compliment that of the current Client Management System (CMT) and PTT
Solutions website.

This document will briefly outline the range of facilities that these products offer, comparing the
various advantages of choosing any one system over another. I will then attempt to recommend the
product most suitable for Progress through Training’s current and future needs.

Iain C…

Prepared by Iain Clements Progress through Training 2003 1

Installation
Moodle
Moodle is a VLE developed and written by a PhD student called Martin Dougiamas who was
interested in creating a “

Installing Moodle was relatively simple. It required the source files to be downloaded from the Moodle
website, and then decompressed onto the local hard disk. Once it was successfully saved, the
required files were transferred to the web server and then the settings were changed in the
configuration files to match our settings at Progress through Training. The installation of Moodle was
aided by several automated pages, which speeded up the installation process.

Installation guidelines (taken from the installation package):

Move the Moodle files into your web directory.

Create an empty directory somewhere to store uploaded files (NOT accessible via the web).
This directory must be writeable by the web server process.
Create a single database for Moodle to store all it's tables in (or choose an existing
database).
Copy the file config-dist.php to config.php, and edit it with all your own settings.
Visit your new home page with a web browser. Moodle will lead you through the rest of the
set-up, creating an admin account and so on.
Set up a cron task to call the file admin/cron.php every five minutes or so.

Claroline
Claroline was created by a consortium of French University faculties who were interested in
developing an open-source alternative to Blackboard.

Claroline was relatively easy to install, yet there are added complications in the installation process
due to the fact that the original programming for Claroline was completed in French. Therefore, the
installation processes created several French files and database tables. Additionally, several of the
‘help’ files included with the installation package were also written in French.

Whilst it was not a huge task to translate some of the table names in order to gain understanding of
what data it contained, the author feels that using a product originally developed in a foreign language
could lead to unnecessary time delays in either content authoring or system administration.
Furthermore, PTT’s plan to integrate the Motivational Agent project within the implemented VLE could
be further complicated via this language barrier.

Claroline installation instructions, (taken from the downloaded package)

1. Download 'claroline130.tar.gz' : Windows : download 'claroline130.zip'.

2. Open a shell, go to download directory and type tar -zxvf claroline130.tar.gz : Windows :
unzip 'claroline130.zip'.

3. FTP or move by any means 'index.php' file and 'claroline' directory to your website on
webserver (whether webroot or subdirectory). 'index.php' should remain where it is, outside
'claroline' directory.

Windows: If you use easyphp locally (http://www.easyphp.org), just drag and drop 'index.php'
file and 'claroline' directory into C:\Program Files\easyphp\www\

4. CHMOD 666 claroline/include/config.php if necessary

Prepared by Iain Clements Progress through Training 2003 2

 5. Open Web Browser and go to http://www.mydomain.org/mysite/mydir/claroline/install/

6. Windows with easyphp locally, open: http://localhost/claroline/install/ (don't forget the final /).

7. Follow instructions. Windows: if you use easyphp out of the box, login and password for
MySQL should remain empty.

ATutor
ATutor was originally developed as an open-source VLE from Toronto University in Canada, but has
expanded to encompass several Universities across the world.

ATutor was the easiest of the three software systems to install. Once the files had been downloaded,
decompressed and placed in the appropriate file on the web server, it was simply a case of navigating
to the admin screen and running through the installation screens via an Internet browser.

General information

After the required initial installation processes has been completed, it is possible to fully customise the
‘look and feel’ of the various VLEs without making any significant changes to the underlying functional
code. The is achieved via the use of a cascading style sheet (CSS) which allows web designers
complete control of the way that pages are displayed in a browser window. After PTT has been able
to select which VLE it will implement, I will then construct a customised style sheet to match the look
and feel of the PTT Solutions website.

Furthermore, as the ‘code’ required for each of these VLEs is included with the installation package,
more fundamental changes are possible, yet will take more time than constructing a simple Cascading
Style Sheet depending on the complexity of the changes required.

Cost
All three systems discussed in this document are released under the General Public License (GPL),
which means that the initial package can be freely downloaded, installed, and distributed without
charge. However, it is a condition of this agreement that PTT always acknowledges the original
designers of the software, leaving their original copyright messages intact.

All 3 organisations offer commercial services that evolve around the customisation, customer support,
and course design.

Specific ATutor pricing information is available at: http://www.atutor.ca/services/pricing.php

Features
Moodle
Introduction:
(Taken from the Moodle.org website)

Moodle is a software package for producing internet-based courses and web sites. It is an ongoing
development project designed to support a social constructionist framework of education.

Moodle is provided freely as Open Source software (under the GNU Public License). Basically this
means Moodle is copyrighted, but that you have additional freedoms. You are allowed to copy, use
and modify Moodle provided that you agree: to provide the source to others; to not modify or remove

Prepared by Iain Clements Progress through Training 2003 3

the original license, and apply this same license to any derivative work. Read the license for full
details and please contact the copyright holder directly if you have any questions.
Moodle will run on any computer that can run PHP, and can support many types of database
(particularly MySQL).

The word Moodle was originally an acronym for Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning
Environment, which is mostly useful to programmers and education theorists. It's also a verb that
describes the process of lazily meandering through something, doing things as it occurs to you to do
them, an enjoyable tinkering that often leads to insight and creativity. As such it applies both to the
way Moodle was developed, and to the way a student or teacher might approach studying or teaching
an online course.

Features included within Moodle:

Layout of the site can be fully customised for particular courses

Themed discussion forum
Ability for the course planners to set weekly announcements in advance
o Users are reminded of forthcoming announcements/assignments when they first log
into the system
Ability for trainers to set students any number of assignments, with targeted completion dates
Moodle tracks assignments completed and grades allocated by trainers
o However, this information has to be manually entered – the system does not mark, or
allocate grades automatically
Option to create a variety of surveys in order to spark discussion amongst learners
Basic security features to limit customer access to particular courses
o Therefore, PTT could introduce a charge for accessing the system without any major
alterations to the code
Moodle allows users to upload their own learning material to the site to share with other users
o This feature could be useful in creating an ‘organic learning environment’ where the
amount of learning material available on the system grows without administrator
intervention
o However, there could be several copyright implications associated with the type of
material that users would upload, so regular monitoring would be required by PTT
administration
‘Journal feature’ to allow students to post questions, maintain a course diary, or aid revision
Theme feature to allow administrators/students to change the look & feel of the VLE without
requiring a new style sheet

Claroline

Prepared by Iain Clements Progress through Training 2003 4

Introduction

(Taken from the installation documentation included with the package)

Claroline is GPL software working with PHP/MySQL. It is a course based educational tool allowing the
professor to create, admin and feed his courses through the web. If you would like to help develop
this software, please visit our homepage at http://www.claroline.net. Claroline is distributed under the
Gnu General Public license (GPL). See claroline/license/gpl_print.txt

Features included within Claroline:

Different approach to other VLEs, courses are broken down into component elements, and
then published on the site under separate areas (announcements, exercises, chats,
resources, links etc)
Students have full flexibility in the order that they undertake the elements of the course,
whether they are exercises, required reading, discussions, or similar
Categorised links feature for both students and course administrators to manage relevant
URLs
Agenda feature include which allows authors to set announcements & deadlines for all course
members to see
Offers fully optional layout for course beneficiaries
o Administrators can control which ‘course elements’ are displayed via a simple
interface screen
Chat facility for all users
o However, it is a very simple text interface system
Claroline allows students to upload their own papers to the system for peer review
o As mentioned in the write up for Moodle, this feature could be useful in an attempt to
create a system that is developed & sustained by both administrators and fellow
students
Option for the system to process registration automatically, or for manual administration.
o (Self-registration would most likely be deactivated on a revenue generating system).
Courses can start with a limited number of resources, but grow in size and complexity
o Administrators can add them gradually as course users require them
Statistics function for course administrators to monitor number of courses, course popularity
etc.
o Therefore, it will allow PTT to analyse which courses are the most popular
Ability for course administrators to set exercises and assign completion deadlines
Ability to upload video files for use as course resources
o N.B this is the only system with a specific video-handling feature, but others could be
adapted to allow for the use of this media in courses

Prepared by Iain Clements Progress through Training 2003 5

ATutor
Features included within ATutor:

Theme feature allows administrators to change the look of the VLE, without requiring the
creation of a new style sheet
Very straightforward course administrator interface
o Course construction broken down into designing a series of ‘content pages’
Export feature for courses created within the system
o Although the export format is not SCORM/IMS standards compliant, this feature
would be useful for transporting content between systems and administering backups
o N.B. This is the only system mentioned that has this feature
Features integrated ‘inbox’ for inter-course communication from both course administrators
and other users
‘Send course e-mail’ feature to allow all course students to be contacted simultaneously
Course structure is built on a ‘slide by slide’ basis
o Very simple to author and navigate, but would require rudimentary HTML skills on the
author’s part
Context sensitive help feature, which allows course administrators to highlight particular
sections of text and allow users to access additional help
Inbuilt glossary function to users with particular terms & acronyms
Links to various other educational database are included with the download package
Excellent documentation & help manuals to aid users in course navigation
Wide range of developers working on current project – wide support base for future versions
of ATutor
ATutor website states that they are currently working towards conformance with present and
future e-learning standards
o Therefore, future editions of ATutor may integrate with other ‘standard’ systems
Dynamic site mapping feature that grows as more courses are authored on the system
Flexible assignment creator tool
Print compiler tool – allows students to select various pages of text and group them together
on one page
Integrate WYSIWYG editor for creating course content without the need for HTML knowledge

Comparison
As can be seen from the features list made above for each of the three systems there are various
benefits/disadvantages incurred when selecting any one VLE over another. None of the systems

Prepared by Iain Clements Progress through Training 2003 6

examined in this report are fully compatible with the current Shareable Content Object Reference
Model (SCORM) standards for sharing/distributing content between different VLEs.

Additionally, none of the systems mentioned today use XML metadata to describe e-learning content
within the systems. However, it is worth mentioning that the current development team for the ATutor
product have expressed a clear interest to achieve standards compliance within future versions of the
software.

Yet, without the encumbering technical elements of the SCORM the

authoring process for new courses (which would be completed by
consultants within Progress through Training), is much simplified. Creating
a new course can be as simple as designing several different ‘pages’
(Moodle, ATutor) of content (which could easily be transferred from current
PTT material), and then organising them so that they flow in a logical
manner.

In addition to these ‘course slides’ consultants can then assign specific resources to accompany each
slide. In Moodle and ATutor there would not be a requirement for HTML knowledge when authoring
content, (a clear benefit for PTT staff in reduced development time).

The collaborative features included in the learning environments

vary in both complexity and usability. ATutor is the only system to
feature an internal ‘e-mail’ system to allow course users to
intercommunicate. I believe that this is a very useful feature to
have within a VLE, as it promotes collaboration/networking
between users. Additionally, each system requires a valid e-mail
address to be collected from each user so communication via
external e-mail systems would be entirely possible.

On an authoring note, I personally found that Moodle’s interface for

creating course content was the most intuitive, and featured a very
simple to use What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) editor.
The use of this editor would remove the need for the consultants
within PTT to learn any Internet display languages such as Hyper
Text Mark-Up Language (HTML), which would significantly reduce the
development time required to start creating course content.

So which one is best?

The final conclusion of this report calls for a nomination for the most suitable VLE for Progress
through Training’s needs. It is this author’s recommendation that ATutor be selected as the VLE to
implement within the company. Out of all three systems, I feel that ATutor has the best blend of
sophistication, usability, and range of similar features to those found on commercial VLE systems.

On an administrative note, ATutor was very easy to install, configure and run. The layout of the control
panel was very intuitive, and the additional help provided by the demonstration course was very
useful before I created my first test course within the system. Out of all three systems, ATutor easily
featured the most tools.

I believe that the ‘print compiler’ will be particularly useful for course delegates who wish to keep a
copy of their notes as they progress through their course. Furthermore, the fact that the development
team behind ATutor are committed to achieving standards compliance in future versions should mean
PTT can work towards conformance at a similar pace to the development of the software.

As mentioned in previous sections, ATutor comes complete with its own editor window for creating
course content, notes and announcements. Furthermore, it offers the designer flexibility in deciding
whether they will enter information in plain text, or attempt to code their own HTML.

Prepared by Iain Clements Progress through Training 2003 7

Next steps…

It is recommended that each of these systems be demonstrated prior to the company making a final
decision. Therefore, it is suggested that a suitable time be arranged at the earliest convenience in the
near future to allow for this demonstration to take place.

Furthermore, it is suggested that research into open-source Virtual Learning Environments is ongoing
at PTT. This should ensure that future VLE developments are analysed and their benefits to the
company discussed and implemented.

Appendices
GPL License

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it
is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By
contrast, the GNU General Public license is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other
program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is
covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses
are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and
charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you
can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do
these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to
ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the
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Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger
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Prepared by Iain Clements Progress through Training 2003 8

program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for
everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

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Prepared by Iain Clements Progress through Training 2003 11