EAPP-REVIEWER (1)

EAPP REVIEWER
Language - A system of signed, spoken or written communication used by humans to

express themselves. In academic writing, "language" refers to how scholars and
researchers use words and structures to communicate complex ideas clearly and
precisely.
Formal language - Used for academic and professional purposes. No colloquialisms and
contractions are involved. No use of personal pronouns. Less personal.
Informal language - Used when communicating, writing, or conversing with family and
friends. More casual and spontaneous. More personal.
Text - anything that conveys a set of meanings to the person who examines it. A text is
anything that you see, interpret, and assign meaning to.
Academic Writing - defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or
professionals in a given field using formal language. Academic texts are objective. This
means that they are based on facts with a solid basis.
1. Structure - The structure of your writing is determined by the type of assignment,

but two common structures used in academic writing are the three-part essay
structure and the IMRaD framework. The three-part essay structure is a basic
model for academic writing that ensures clear and logical organization. It has
three sections: introduction (introduces the topic), body (elaborates and
supports the thesis statement with detailed arguments, evidence, and analysis),
and conclusion (summarizes the essay's main points, restates the thesis, and
offers a final perspective on the topic).
2. Tone - in academic texts, "tone" refers to the writer's attitude or stance toward
the subject matter and the audience, which is conveyed through word choice,
style, and formality. The tone is critical to maintaining the text's credibility and
ensuring effective communication.
3. Formality - Academic writing usually has a formal tone. This includes using
precise language, avoiding slang or colloquialisms, and following grammatical
rules. A formal tone helps to present arguments and information in a professional
manner.
4. Objectivity - Academic texts typically take an objective tone, emphasizing
evidence and logical reasoning over personal feelings or opinions. It aims to
present information objectively and to back up claims with data or research
findings.
5. Impersonality - Personal pronouns such as "I" or "we" are frequently avoided in
academic writing in order to maintain objectivity and neutrality. Instead, it
emphasizes the subject matter and evidence over the author's personal point of
view.
6. Consistency - To avoid confusion among the reader, the tone should be consistent
throughout the text. Tone consistency helps to maintain coherence and
strengthens the work's credibility.
7. Clarity - Clarity is straightforward, making complex ideas understandable to
readers.
8. Citation - citing sources in the body of the paper and providing a list of references
such as footnotes and endnotes are important aspects of academic texts. It is
essential to acknowledge the source of any ideas, research findings, data or
quoted text that have been used in the paper as a defense against allegations of
plagiarism.
9. Complexity - academic writing frequently employs complex sentences with
multiple clauses to convey detailed information and relationships between ideas.
Its goal is to provide detailed explanations and demonstrate how various pieces
of information are related.
10. Evidence-Based Arguments - claims and arguments are supported by research
evidence, such as data, citations, and references to other scholarly works, which
help to substantiate arguments and show that conclusions are based on reliable
sources.
11. Thesis=driven - the starting point of an academic text is a particular perspective,
idea or position applied to a chosen problem or issue, such as establishing,
proving or disproving solutions to the questions posed for the topic.
Text Structure - Text structure refers to the way authors organize information in a text.
Recognizing the underlying structure of texts can help students focus attention on key
concepts and relationships, anticipate what is to come, and monitor their
comprehension as they read.
1. Chronological - When information in a passage is organized by the time in which

each event occurred, it is organized chronologically.
2. Compare and contrast - A text structure or pattern of organization where the
similarities and differences of two or more things are explored. It is important
to remember that with the compare and contrast text structure, the text should
be discussing similarities and differences.
3. Cause and Effect - A type of text structure that explains something by
highlighting an event and detailing the results. Science and history texts often
use this structure.
4. Problem Solution - A text structure that begins by laying out an issue and then
explaining how to solve or rectify it. This structure is common in Science,
Mathematics and Social Studies as well as a wide range of informative articles.
5. Spatial description - A text structure that describes scenes, typically organizing
that information by location; for example, describing a room by moving from the
doorway to the opposite wall. This structure is used in fiction and non-fiction
alike.
6. Order of importance - Ideas or steps are prioritized by the writer or speaker
according to a hierarchy of value. When using the order of importance pattern
of organization, information can be structured from most important to least
important or least important to most important.
7. Sequence - Sequential order, or process writing as it is sometimes called, is
when information in a passage is organized by the order in which it occurs. This
method of organizing text is generally used for instructions or directions, but
it can also be used to explain processes in nature or society, such as how a
president is elected.
Quotations - Quotations must be identical to the original. They must match the
source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author.
Paraphrase - Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your
own words (restating). A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source.
Summary - Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words,
including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized
ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter (condensed) than the
original and take a broad overview of the source material.
Thesis statement - Presents or describes the point of the essay. It is also the abstract
or the executive summary. Expresses the main idea and organizes the entire research
report. It is the claim or stand that you will develop in your paper. It is the controlling
idea of your essay. It gives your readers an idea of what your paper is all about. A strong
thesis statement usually contains an element of uncertainty, risk, or challenge. This
means that your thesis statement should offer a debatable claim that you can prove or
disprove in your text.
Characteristics:
1. Written in complete sentences with clearly stated subject.

2. Not too narrow or too broad
3. Avoid stating the obvious. “I will tell you…” “I will talk about…”
4. Should not state an absolute fact (disputable).
Outlining - A helpful guide or tool in organizing your paper. Outlines give a visual
structure to your work and are used to show relationships and hierarchies within your
content. This provides a clear picture of how to organize our text.
Principles:
1. Parallelism - Each heading and subheading should preserve a parallel structure.
If the first heading is a verb, the second heading should be a verb. It means using
the same structure or pattern of words throughout.
2. Coordination - All the information contained in Heading 1 should have the same
or equal significance as the information contained in Heading 2. The same goes
for the subheadings (which should be less significant than the headings).
3. Subordination - The information in the headings should be more general, while
the information in the subheadings should be more specific (abstract to
concrete or general to specific).
4. Division - Each heading should be divided into 2 or more parts to achieve a
balanced pattern by adding the same number of or subpoints.

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EAPP REVIEWER

Language - A system of signed, spoken or written communication used by humans to

1. Structure - The structure of your writing is determined by the type of assignment,

1. Chronological - When information in a passage is organized by the time in which

1. Written in complete sentences with clearly stated subject.

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