PROJECT

PROPOSAL
WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
October 31, 2024
To
Mr. Sakib Mahmood Chowdhury
Lecturer, Department of CSE,
Daffodil International University.
Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka – 1216

Subject: Proposal for Water Level Indicator

Dear Sir,
I hope this message finds you well. I am excited to propose a project aimed at
developing a water level indicator. This initiative aligns with our educational
objectives, fostering hands-on learning in embedded systems and electronics. The
water level indicator will have applications in household water tanks, industrial
reservoirs, and irrigation systems, ensuring efficient water management and
conservation.

Through this project, students will gain practical insights into designing and
implementing sensor-based systems, as well as contribute to advancements in
water level monitoring technology. Our goal is to create a reliable and cost-
effective solution that empowers users to monitor water levels effectively and
make informed decisions about water usage. This endeavor promises to enrich
the educational experience while addressing real-world challenges related to
water management.
Your support and collaboration in this endeavor will be invaluable. Thank you for
considering this proposal.

Yours sincerely,
On behalf of Group 10,
Nur Mohammed
ID: 232-15-902
Section: 65_C
Department of CSE
Daffodil International University
PROJECT OVERVIEW :
Project Title: Water level indicator
OUR TEAM:

Sl No Name Student ID
01 Nur Mohammed 232-15-902
02 Md. Jubaer Al Mahmud 232-15-871
03 Sajidur Rahman 232-15-
04 232-15-

INTRODUCTION :
The water level indicator is a vital electronic device designed to monitor and
display the water level within a tank or reservoir. This proposal outlines the
design and construction of a water level indicator, offering a simplified yet
efficient solution for managing water resources. The primary goal of this project is
to develop a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective water level monitoring system.
The indicator will provide users with real-time information about the water level,
enabling them to assess the status of their water supply and take necessary
actions to optimize usage. Additionally, it aims to address the common issue of
water overflow, preventing wastage of water and minimizing unnecessary energy
consumption associated with excessive pumping. By efficiently managing water
levels, this project will contribute to the conservation of both water and energy
resources.
Why is a Water Level Indicator Important?
1. Prevents Water Overflow: By indicating when the tank is full, the system
helps avoid spillage and water wastage.
2. Conserves Energy: Reduces unnecessary energy consumption by
preventing excessive pumping, thus saving electricity.
3. Efficient Water Management: Enables real-time monitoring and control of
water usage, making it easier to manage household, industrial, or
agricultural water supplies.
4. Cost-Effective Solution: Provides an affordable approach to water level
monitoring and management.
5. Environmental Impact: Helps conserve water, which is a valuable and
limited resource, especially in areas prone to water scarcity.
6. User Convenience: Alerts users automatically when the water reaches
different levels, eliminating the need for manual checking.

Objective :
The objective of this project is to design and develop a reliable, accurate, and
cost-effective water level indicator that monitors and displays the water level in
tanks or reservoirs. The system aims to prevent water overflow, conserve energy
by minimizing excessive pumping, and enable efficient water management
through real-time monitoring. Additionally, the project seeks to provide a user-
friendly solution that automatically alerts users when the water reaches different
levels, thereby optimizing water usage and contributing to resource conservation.
Requirement Analysis for Water Level Indicator
1. Functional Requirements :
 Water Level Detection:
We aim to develop a system that accurately detects water levels at multiple
heights using probes. The probes will be strategically placed at
predetermined levels within the tank to ensure reliable detection.
 Display Mechanism:
The project will incorporate a three-segment display to clearly indicate the
current water level. This display must effectively show low, medium, and
high water levels, allowing users to quickly assess the status of the tank.
 Auditory Alerts:
To enhance user awareness, the system will include a buzzer that activates
when the water level reaches full capacity. Additionally, we will ensure that
the buzzer has an adjustable volume feature to accommodate user
preferences and different environments.

2. Technical Requirements :
 Components:
o 4 x BC547 Transistors: For controlling the current flow to the LEDs
and buzzer.
o 6 x 220 Ohm Resistors: To limit current and protect the LEDs and
transistors.
o 3 x Color LEDs: For visual indication of water levels (low, medium,
high).
o 1 x Buzzer: For auditory alerts when the tank is full.
 o 5 - 9V Batteries + Battery Clips: To power the entire system reliably.
o Breadboard
 Power Supply:
o The system should operate on a standard power supply (5 x 9V
batteries) that is readily available.

Related Works :
The development of water level indicators has been a topic of research and
innovation in various fields, including agriculture, environmental monitoring, and
smart home technology. A comprehensive literature review reveals significant
advancements and approaches that have contributed to the effectiveness and
efficiency of water level monitoring systems.

 Float Switches:
Many projects use simple float switches, which rise and fall with the water
level to open or close a circuit. For instance, a study by Ahmed et al. (2020)
showcased a basic float switch system for home water tanks, effectively
preventing overflow and reducing water waste.
 LED Indicators:
Simple LED-based indicators have been widely utilized to show water levels. In
a project by Khan (2021), a low-cost LED system was designed to light up
different LEDs as water levels changed, providing a clear visual alert for users.
 Buzzer Alerts:
The integration of buzzers in basic systems is common. A project by Rahman
(2019) combined a float switch with a buzzer that sounds an alarm when the
tank is full, helping users avoid overflow without the need for complex
technology.
 Basic Circuit Designs:
Several projects have demonstrated simple circuit designs using resistors and
transistors to control visual and auditory alerts for water levels. For example, a
study by Tanvir (2022) developed an easy-to-build circuit that activates LEDs
and a buzzer as the water level changes.
Circuit diagram :
Project Description
This simple water level indicator circuit uses transistors to monitor the water
levels in a tank. It provides alerts at four different levels: low, medium, high, and
full. To indicate these levels, the system features three LEDs for the first three
levels (A, B, and C), and a buzzer that activates when the tank reaches the full
level (D). When the tank is completely filled, the buzzer sounds an alarm, alerting
users to prevent overflow. This straightforward design is effective for managing
water resources in households or small applications, ensuring users are informed
about the water status without requiring complex technology.

Operation
The operation of the water level indicator project is straightforward and can be
easily understood. The system functions under four main conditions:

 Low Level:
At the low level, a blue LED lights up to indicate that the water level is low.
 Intermediate Level:
At the intermediate level, a green LED illuminates, signaling that the water
level is at a medium state.
 High Level:
At the high level, a red LED activates to show that the water level is
approaching its upper limit.
 Peak Level:
At the peak level, where the water is about to overflow, a buzzer sounds an
alarm to alert users and prevent overflow.
Project Features and Outcomes :
This water level indicator project offers several key features that contribute to its
effectiveness in monitoring water levels:

 Multi-Level Indication: The system visually alerts users to four water levels—low
(blue LED), intermediate (green LED), high (red LED), and peak (buzzer)—ensuring
easy identification.
 Auditory Alert: A buzzer sounds when the water reaches the peak
level, providing a clear warning to prevent overflow.
 Simple Circuit Design: Built with basic components like transistors, LEDs, and
a buzzer, the circuit is easy to assemble and understand.
 Cost-Effective Solution: The use of readily available and affordable components
keeps the project budget-friendly.
 User-Friendly Interface: Visual and auditory alerts provide an intuitive way for
users to monitor water levels without requiring extensive technical
knowledge.
 Energy Efficient: Designed for minimal power consumption, making it suitable for
continuous use in homes or small applications.

Outcomes :
The outcomes of this project are significant for effective water management:

 Effective Water Management: The project enables efficient monitoring of water

levels, helping prevent overflow and conserve water.
 Increased Awareness: Timely alerts enhance users' awareness of water levels,
promoting proactive management of resources.
 Hands-On Learning Experience: Participants gain practical experience in
electronics and circuit design, enhancing their understanding of
fundamental concepts.
 Scalability: The system can be adapted for larger tanks or integrated
with additional features, such as remote monitoring, increasing its
versatility.
  Contribution to Resource Conservation: By preventing water wastage and
promoting efficient usage, the project supports sustainable water management
practices.

METHODOLOGY :
 Define Objectives and Specifications:
This project aims to design and build a water level indicator that provides
visual and auditory alerts for four different water levels: low, intermediate,
high, and peak. The primary objective is to help users monitor water levels
in tanks, preventing overflow and conserving water. The system will utilize
three LEDs (blue, green, and red) for visual indication and a buzzer for peak
level alerts. The design should be simple and user-friendly, ensuring easy
installation and operation.
 Research and Component Selection:
Research suitable components for the project, including BC547 transistors,
LEDs, a buzzer, resistors, and a power supply. Choose appropriate resistor
values to limit current to the LEDs and ensure compatibility with the
transistors. Select a reliable power source, such as 5 x 9V batteries, to
power the entire circuit efficiently.
 Circuit Design:
Design a circuit that integrates the selected components to create the
water level indicator. This includes configuring the transistors to switch on
the LEDs and the buzzer based on the water levels detected by the probes.
Create a schematic diagram that clearly illustrates the connections and
configurations of the components.
 Component Assembly:
Assemble the circuit components on a breadboard or a custom PCB,
following the circuit design. Ensure all connections are secure and that
there are no short circuits or incorrect connections. Double-check the
positioning of the probes to accurately reflect the water levels in the tank.
 Calibration and Optimization:
Test the water level indicator to ensure accurate detection and response at
 each specified water level. Make necessary adjustments to the resistor
values or probe placement to optimize performance. Ensure that the
buzzer activates correctly at the peak level and that each LED lights up at
the appropriate water level.
 Finalization and Deployment:
Document the circuit schematic, component list, and assembly instructions
for future reference. Finalize the physical assembly of the water level
indicator, ensuring all connections are secure and that the system is
protected from environmental factors. Conduct a final test to verify that
the indicator meets all specified requirements and operates reliably in its
intended application.
 Quality Assurance:
Quality assurance for the water level indicator involves sourcing reliable
components, reviewing the circuit design, prototyping, and testing for
accurate performance. Evaluate the user interface and ensure the system is
easy to understand and operate. Maintain comprehensive documentation
for traceability and troubleshooting.
Components of the User Interface :

BC547 Transistors 220 Ohm Resistors

Used to switch the LEDs and buzzer Used to limit the current
on and off based on the water level flowing to the LEDs and protect
detected by the probes. them from damage.

Colour LEDs (Red, Green, and Yellow) Buzzer

Used to visually indicate different water levels Used to provide an auditory
alert when the water level
reaches the peak capacity.
 5 - 9V Battery Breadboard
Used to supply power Used for assembling the circuit
to the entire circuit, ensuring components without soldering
all components function properly. components without soldering

Circuit Diagram
Design Considerations :
In developing the water level indicator, we focused on several key design
considerations to ensure the system is effective, reliable, and user-friendly:

1. Functionality:
We aimed to create a system that accurately detects and displays water
levels at multiple heights. This required careful selection of probes and a
reliable method for translating the water level data into visual and auditory
alerts.
2. User Interface:
We prioritized an intuitive user interface by using color-coded LEDs and a
buzzer. The design ensures that users can quickly and easily understand the
current water level without needing complex instructions.
3. Reliability:
To ensure consistent performance, we selected quality components and
designed the circuit to minimize the risk of failure. We tested the
system under different conditions to verify its reliability.
4. Scalability:
We considered the potential for future expansion, allowing the system to
accommodate additional sensors or features. This scalability ensures the
design can evolve as user needs change.
5. Safety:
We emphasized user and environmental safety in our design. We selected
components that are safe to handle and implemented measures to prevent
electrical hazards, such as proper insulation and secure connections.
6. Cost:
Budget constraints guided our selection of materials and components. We
aimed to balance performance with affordability, ensuring that the final
product is cost-effective without compromising quality.
7. Environmental Impact:
We assessed the ecological footprint of our materials and the energy
consumption of the device. We strived to make environmentally friendly
choices, such as using sustainable materials where possible.
Safety Practices and Precautions
In developing the water level indicator, we implemented several safety practices
and precautions to ensure the well-being of users and the integrity of the system:

1. Electrical Safety:
We ensured that all electrical connections are secure and insulated to
prevent short circuits and electrical shocks. Proper gauge wires were used
to handle the current flowing through the circuit.
2. Component Handling:
We emphasized careful handling of components, particularly the transistors
and power supply. Static electricity precautions were taken to avoid
damaging sensitive electronic parts.
3. Buzzer Noise Level:
The buzzer’s volume was adjustable to prevent excessive noise, which
could cause discomfort in quiet environments. Users were advised to test
the volume before installation.

Future Scope and Limitations

As we look to the future, several opportunities for enhancement and some
limitations have been identified:

1. Future Scope:
o Additional Sensors: We could incorporate more sensors to provide
more granular water level monitoring or integrate additional features
such as remote monitoring via IoT.
o Smart Notifications: Implementing a mobile app or SMS alerts could
enhance user engagement by providing real-time notifications about
water levels.
o Integration with Automation Systems: We could explore the
integration of the water level indicator with existing home
automation systems to enable automated water management.
2. Limitations:
 o Range of Detection: The current design is limited to specific tank
heights, and the accuracy may vary based on water quality and probe
placement.
o Power Dependency: The system relies on a consistent power supply;
any interruption could affect its functionality.
o Environmental Sensitivity: Extreme environmental conditions may
affect the performance of the electronic components.

Budgeting :
We developed a budget to ensure that the project remains cost-effective while
meeting all functional requirements. The estimated costs for components are as
follows:
Component Quantity Unit Price Total Price
BC547 Transistors 4 5 20
220 Ohm Resistors 6 5 30
Colour LEDs (Red, Green, Yellow) 3 5 15
Buzzer 1 50 50
9V Battery + Battery Clip 1 400 400
Breadboard 1 150 150
Total Estimated Budget 665

This budget allows for some flexibility in case additional components or materials
are required during the development process.

Conclusion and Scope:

Water tank overflow is a common problem which leads to the wastage of water.
Though there are many solutions to it like ball valves which automatically stop the
water flow once the tank gets full. But being an electronics enthusiastic wouldn’t
you like an electronic solution for it? So here is a simple and handy circuit which
will detect the water level and will raise an alarm upon getting the water tank full
or a preset level.
Water level Indicator can be used in Hotels, Factories, Homes Apartments,
Commercial Complexes, Drainage, etc.. Automatic water level controller will
automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the
predetermined level (usually 1/2 tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as
soon as tank is full. Fuel level indicator in vehicles. Liquid level indicator in the
huge containers in the companies.