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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 06
1. A valid unit for momentum is which of the following?
a. kg⋅m/s2
b. kg/m2
c. kg⋅m/s
d. N⋅m
ANSWER: c

2. The dimensional equivalent of the quantity impulse in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is which
of the following?
a. MLT−1
b. ML2T−2
c. MLT
d. MLT−2
ANSWER: a

3. A 74-kg swimmer dives horizontally off a 500-kg raft. The diver's speed immediately after leaving the raft is 4.0 m/s. A
micro-sensor system attached to the edge of the raft measures the time interval during which the diver applies an impulse
to the raft just prior to leaving the raft surface. If the time interval is read as 0.20 s, what is the magnitude of the average
horizontal force by diver on the raft?
a. 59.2 N
b. 296 N
c. 2,500 N
d. 1,480 N
e. 20 N
ANSWER: d

4. A 0.10-kg ball is moving at 6 m/s when it is hit by a bat, causing it to reverse direction and have a speed of 12 m/s.
What is the change in the magnitude of the momentum of the ball?
a. 0.6 kg⋅m/s
b. 6 kg⋅m/s
c. 0.6 kg⋅m/s
d. 1.8 kg⋅m/s
e. 1.2 kg⋅m/s
ANSWER: d

5. The impulse experienced by a body is equivalent to its change in:

a. velocity.
b. kinetic energy.
c. momentum.
d. None of the above choices are valid.
ANSWER: c

6. The dimensional equivalence of the quantity "momentum" in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time)
is:
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Chapter 06

a. MLT−1.
b. ML2T−2.
c. MLT.
d. MLT−2.
ANSWER: a

7. Alex throws a 0.10-kg rubber ball down onto the floor. The ball's speed just before impact is 7.5 m/s, and just after is
2.5 m/s. What is the change in the magnitude of the ball's momentum?
a. 0.5 kg⋅m/s
b. 1 kg⋅m/s
c. 0.75 kg⋅m/s
d. 0.25 kg⋅m/s
e. 10 kg⋅m/s
ANSWER: b

8. Alex throws a 0.10-kg rubber ball down onto the floor. The ball's speed just before impact is 4.5 m/s, and just after is
3.5 m/s. If the ball is in contact with the floor for 0.02 s, what is the magnitude of the average force applied by the floor on
the ball?
a. 40 N
b. 5 N
c. 22.5 N
d. 17.5 N
e. 0.8 N
ANSWER: a

9. A crane drops a 0.25 kg steel ball onto a steel plate. The ball's speeds just before impact and after are 4.0 m/s and
3.7 m/s, respectively. If the ball is in contact with the plate for 0.025 s, what is the magnitude of the average force that the
ball exerts on the plate during impact?
a. 77 N
b. 3 N
c. 40 N
d. 37 N
e. 1.93 N
ANSWER: a

10. Jerome pitches a baseball of mass 0.15 kg. The ball arrives at home plate with a speed of 40 m/s and is batted straight
back to Jerome with a return speed of 60 m/s. What is the magnitude of change in the ball's momentum?
a. 3 kg⋅m/s
b. 6 kg⋅m/s
c. 9 kg⋅m/s
d. 15 kg⋅m/s
e. 20 kg⋅m/s
ANSWER: d

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Chapter 06
11. Lonnie pitches a baseball of mass 0.20 kg. The ball arrives at home plate with a speed of 35 m/s and is batted straight
back to Lonnie with a return speed of 65 m/s. If the bat is in contact with the ball for 0.055 s, what is the impulse
experienced by the ball?
a. 6 N⋅s
b. 20 N⋅s
c. 363.6 N⋅s
d. 7 N⋅s
e. 13 N⋅s
ANSWER: b

12. A ball with original momentum +3.0 kg⋅m/s hits a wall and bounces straight back without losing any kinetic energy.
The change in momentum of the ball is:
a. 0.
b. 6.0 kg⋅m/s.
c. 3.0 kg⋅m/s.
d. –6.0 kg⋅m/s.
e. –3.0 kg⋅m/s.
ANSWER: d

13. If a glass of water is on a table with a piece of paper under it, it is relatively easy to pull the paper out without
disturbing the glass very much if the pull is done very quickly. This is because, with a quick pull:
a. the force on the glass will be less.
b. the momentum of the paper will be greater.
c. the time for the pull will be less.
d. the coefficient of kinetic friction will be less.
ANSWER: c

14. A car wash nozzle directs a steady stream of water at 2.0 kg/s, with a speed of 30 m/s, against a car window. What
force does the water exert on the glass? Assume the water does not splash back.
a. 15 N
b. 60 N
c. 32 N
d. 0.07 N
e. 2 N
ANSWER: b

15. The units of impulse are equivalent to:

a. those of energy.
b. N⋅m.
c. kg⋅m/s.
d. those of force.
ANSWER: c

16. A 71-kg swimmer dives horizontally off a 450-kg raft. If the diver's speed immediately after leaving the raft is 6 m/s,
what is the corresponding raft speed?
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Chapter 06

a. 38 m/s
b. 24 m/s
c. 0.9 m/s
d. 1.1 m/s
e. 6 m/s
ANSWER: c

17. A cannon of mass 1,300 kg fires a 12-kg shell with a velocity of 150 m/s at an angle of 45° above the horizontal. Find
the recoil velocity of the cannon across the level ground.
a. 1.38 m/s
b. 0.98 m/s
c. 0.51 m/s
d. 0.49 m/s
e. 0.69 m/s
ANSWER: b

18. The law of conservation of momentum is applicable to systems made up of objects described by which of the
following?
a. macroscopic
b. microscopic
c. interacting through friction
d. All the above choices are valid.
ANSWER: d

19. A machine gun is attached to a railroad flatcar that rolls with negligible friction. If the railroad car has a mass of 7 ×
104 kg, how many bullets of mass 20 g would have to be fired at 200 m/s off the back to give the railroad car a forward
velocity of 0.5 m/s?
a. 8.8
b. 0.11
c. 1,400
d. 8,750
e. 14
ANSWER: d

20. Ann the Astronaut weighs 60 kg. She is space walking outside the space shuttle and pushes a 350-kg satellite away
from the shuttle at 0.70 m/s. What speed does this give Ann as she moves toward the shuttle?
a. 0.1 m/s
b. 4.1 m/s
c. 585.7 m/s
d. 287 m/s
e. 8.3 m/s
ANSWER: b

21. A miniature spring-loaded, radio-controlled gun is mounted on an air puck. The gun's bullet has a mass of 4.00 g, and
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Chapter 06
the gun and puck have a combined mass of 125 g. With the system initially at rest, the radio controlled trigger releases the
bullet causing the puck and empty gun to move with a speed of 0.400 m/s. What is the bullet's speed?
a. 51.6 m/s
b. 100.0 m/s
c. 13.5 m/s
d. 12.5 m/s
e. 322.5 m/s
ANSWER: d

22. A uranium nucleus (mass 238 units) at rest decays into a helium nucleus (mass 4.0 units) and a thorium nucleus (mass
234 units). If the speed of the helium nucleus is 6.5 × 105 m/s, what is the speed of the thorium nucleus?
a. 1.1 × 104 m/s
b. 3,802.5 × 104 m/s
c. 1,440.0 × 104 m/s
d. 2.1 × 104 m/s
e. 0.1 × 104 m/s
ANSWER: a

23. If the momentum of an object is tripled, its kinetic energy will change by what factor?
a. zero
b. one-third
c. three
d. nine
ANSWER: d

24. The kinetic energy of an object is quadrupled. Its momentum will change by what factor?
a. zero
b. two
c. eight
d. four
ANSWER: b

25. A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road usually breaks, while one dropped on the
grass usually doesn't break. This is because for the egg dropped on the grass:
a. the change in momentum is greater.
b. the change in momentum is less.
c. the time interval for stopping is greater.
d. the time interval for stopping is less.
ANSWER: c

26. A 71-kg man is standing in a 25-kg boat. The man steps to the right thinking he is stepping out onto the dock.
However, the following will actually happen (ignore the friction of the water or air on the boat or the man):
a. The man only moves a short distance to the right while the boat moves a larger distance to the left.
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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 06

b. The man only moves a short distance to the left while the boat moves a larger distance to the right.
c. The man actually stays still while the boat moves toward the left.
d. The boat doesn't move and the man moves to the right.
e. None of the above.
ANSWER: a

27. A lump of clay is thrown at a wall. A rubber ball of identical mass is thrown with the same speed toward the same
wall. Which statement is true?
a. The clay experiences a greater change in momentum than the ball.
b. The ball experiences a greater change in momentum than the clay.
c. The clay and the ball experience the same change in momentum.
d. It is not possible to know which object has the greater change in momentum.
ANSWER: b

28. A high-diver of mass 73 kg jumps off a board 10 m above the water. If, 1.0 s after entering the water his downward
motion is stopped, what average upward force did the water exert?
a. 120 N
b. 5 N
c. 1,022 N
d. 730 N
e. No answer is correct.
ANSWER: e

29. Object 1 has twice the mass of Object 2. Both objects have the same kinetic energy. Which of the following
statements is true?
a. Both objects can have the same magnitude of momentum.
b. Object 1 has a momentum of greater magnitude than Object 2.
c. The magnitude of the momentum of Object 2 is four times that of Object 1.
d. All the statements are false.
ANSWER: b

30. Object 1 has twice the mass of Object 2. Each of the objects has the same magnitude of momentum. Which of the
following statements is true?
a. Both objects can have the same kinetic energy.
b. One object has 0.707 times the kinetic energy of the other.
c. One object has twice the kinetic energy of the other.
d. One object has 4 times the kinetic energy of the other.
ANSWER: c

31. Three satellites are launched into space connected together. Once in deep space, an explosive charge separates the
three satellites and they move apart. The satellites each have different masses with m1 < m2 < m3. Which of the following
statements is always true?
a. The one with mass m1 receives the greatest impulse.
b. The one with mass m3 receives the greatest impulse.
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Chapter 06

c. The all must receive equal impulses.

d. Although one or more of the above statements could be true in special cases, they are not always true.
ANSWER: d

32. A 7.00-g bullet is fired into a 545-g block of wood suspended as a ballistic pendulum. The combined mass swings up
to a height of 9 cm. What was the magnitude of the momentum of the combined mass immediately after the collision?
a. 0.733 × 103 kg·m/s
b. 0.724 kg·m/s
c. 0.733 kg·m/s
d. 0.974 kg·m/s
e. 0.367 kg·m/s
ANSWER: c

33. A 15.0-g bullet is fired into a 1,500-g block of wood which is suspended as a ballistic pendulum. The combined mass
swings up to a height of 8.50 cm. What was the kinetic energy of the combined mass immediately after the collision?
a. 1.262 × 103 J
b. 1.25 J
c. 0.012 J
d. 1.262 J
e. 0.129 J
ANSWER: d

34. A 5.00-g bullet is fired into a 800-g block of wood suspended as a ballistic pendulum. The combined mass swings up
to a height of 8.00 cm. What was the kinetic energy of the bullet immediately before the collision?
a. 102 J
b. 1.262 kJ
c. 0.004 J
d. 1.016 J
e. 126 J
ANSWER: a

35. A man standing on frictionless ice throws a 1.00-kg mass at 29.0 m/s at an angle of elevation of 50.0°. What was the
magnitude of the man’s momentum immediately after throwing the mass?
a. 45.1 kg·m/s
b. 18.6 kg·m/s
c. 22.2 kg·m/s
d. 37.9 kg·m/s
e. This cannot be answered because the mass of the man needs to be known.
ANSWER: b

36. A 29-g bullet moving at 1,100 m/s is fired through a one-kg block of wood emerging at a speed of 150 m/s. If the
block had been originally at rest and is free to move, what is its resulting speed?
a. 36 m/s
b. 27.6 m/s
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Chapter 06

c. 31.9 m/s
d. 4.4 m/s
e. 33 m/s
ANSWER: b

37. A 24-g bullet moving at 900 m/s is fired through a one-kg block of wood emerging at a speed of 200 m/s. What is the
kinetic energy of the block that results from the collision if the block had not been moving prior to the collision and was
free to move?
a. 0.35 kJ
b. 0.23 kJ
c. 0.14 kJ
d. 0.43 kJ
e. 0.01 kJ
ANSWER: c

38. A 22-g bullet moving at 1,200 m/s is fired through a one-kg block of wood emerging at a speed of 100 m/s. What is
the change in the kinetic energy of the bullet-block system as a result of the collision assuming the block is free to move?
a. 0 J
b. 15.4 kJ
c. –15.4 kJ
d. 16 J
e. –128 J
ANSWER: c

39. An object of mass m moving at speed v0 strikes an object of mass 2m which had been at rest. The first object bounces
backward along its initial path at speed v0. Is this collision elastic, and if not, what is the change in kinetic energy of the
system?
a. The collision is elastic.
b. The kinetic energy decreases by mv2.
c.
The kinetic energy decreases by mv2.
d. The kinetic energy increases by mv2.
ANSWER: d

40. A billiard ball is moving in the x-direction at 25.0 cm/s and strikes another billiard ball moving in the y-direction at
45.0 cm/s. As a result of the collision, the first ball moves at 55.0 cm/s, and the second ball stops. In what final direction
does the first ball move?
a. in the x-direction
b. at an angle of 60.9° ccw from the x-direction
c. at an angle of 29.1° ccw from the x-direction
d. at an angle of 65.6° ccw from the x-direction
e. Such a collision cannot happen.
ANSWER: b

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Chapter 06
41. A billiard ball is moving in the x-direction at 30.0 cm/s and strikes another billiard ball moving in the y-direction at
40.0 cm/s. As a result of the collision, the first ball moves at 50.0 cm/s, and the second ball stops. What is the change in
kinetic energy of the system as a result of the collision?
a. 0
b. some positive value
c. some negative value
d. No answer above is correct.
ANSWER: a

42. During a snowball fight two balls with masses of 0.6 and 0.4 kg, respectively, are thrown in such a manner that they
meet head-on and combine to form a single mass. The magnitude of initial velocity for each is 15 m/s. What is the speed
of the 1.0-kg mass immediately after collision?
a. zero
b. 3 m/s
c. 15 m/s
d. 6 m/s
e. 9 m/s
ANSWER: b

43. A 2,100-kg truck moving at 11.00 m/s strikes a car waiting at a traffic light, hooking bumpers. The two continue to
move together at 8.00 m/s. What was the mass of the struck car?
a. 3,630 kg
b. 4,990 kg
c. 890 kg
d. 790 kg
e. 2,890 kg
ANSWER: d

44. A billiard ball collides in an elastic head-on collision with a second stationary identical ball. After the collision which
of the following conditions applies to the first ball?
a. maintains the same velocity as before
b. has one half its initial velocity
c. comes to rest
d. moves in the opposite direction
ANSWER: c

45. A billiard ball collides in an elastic head-on collision with a second identical ball. What is the kinetic energy of the
system after the collision compared to that before collision?
a. the same as
b. one fourth
c. twice
d. four times
ANSWER: a

46. In a two-body collision, if the momentum of the system is conserved, then which of the following best describes the
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Chapter 06
kinetic energy after the collision?
a. must be less
b. must also be conserved
c. may also be conserved
d. is doubled in value
ANSWER: c

47. In a two-body collision, if the kinetic energy of the system is conserved, then which of the following best describes the
momentum after the collision?
a. must be less
b. must also be conserved
c. may also be conserved
d. is doubled in value
ANSWER: b

48. A railroad freight car, mass 16,000 kg, is allowed to coast along a level track at a speed of 2.0 m/s. It collides and
couples with a 48,000-kg loaded second car, initially at rest and with brakes released. What percentage of the initial
kinetic energy of the 16,000-kg car is preserved in the two-coupled cars after collision?
a. 33%
b. 25%
c. 6%
d. 19%
e. 8%
ANSWER: b

49. A miniature, spring-loaded, radio-controlled gun is mounted on an air puck. The gun's bullet has a mass of 4.00 g, and
the gun and puck have a combined mass of 105 g. With the system initially at rest, the radio-controlled trigger releases the
bullet, causing the puck and empty gun to move with a speed of 0.500 m/s. Of the total kinetic energy of the gun-puck-
bullet system, what percentage is in the bullet?
a. 4%
b. 98%
c. 96%
d. 27%
e. 100%
ANSWER: c

50. A 15-kg object sitting at rest is struck elastically in a head-on collision with a 12-kg object initially moving at +3.0
m/s. Find the final velocity of the 15-kg object after the collision.
a. −1.0 m/s
b. −3.0 m/s
c. +5.0 m/s
d. +3.0 m/s
e. +11.0 m/s
ANSWER: d

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Chapter 06
51. A 0.11-kg object moving initially with a velocity of +0.3 m/s makes an elastic head-on collision with a 0.17-kg object
initially at rest. What percentage of the original kinetic energy is retained by the 0.11-kg object?
a. 4%
b. −4%
c. 96%
d. 100%
e. 50%
ANSWER: a

52. Two billiard balls have velocities of 4.0 m/s and –1.0 m/s when they meet in an elastic head-on collision. What is the
final velocity of the first ball after collision?
a. +1.0 m/s
b. –1.0 m/s
c. –3.0 m/s
d. +5.0 m/s
e. +4.0 m/s
ANSWER: b

53. Two objects, one less massive than the other, collide elastically and bounce back after the collision. If the two
originally had velocities that were equal in size but opposite in direction, then which one will be moving faster after the
collision?
a. The less massive one.
b. The more massive one.
c. The speeds will be the same after the collision.
d. There is no way to be sure without the actual masses.
ANSWER: a

54. In a partially elastic collision between two objects with unequal mass:
a. the velocity of one will increase by the amount that the velocity of the other decreases.
b. the momentum of one will increase by the amount that the momentum of the other decreases.
c. the energy of one increases by the amount that the energy of the other decreases.
d. the total momentum of the system will decrease.
ANSWER: b

55. A 7.5-kg bowling ball strikes a 2.0-kg pin. The pin flies forward with a velocity of 4.5 m/s; the ball continues forward
at 5.5 m/s. What was the original velocity of the ball?
a. 22.4 m/s
b. 6.0 m/s
c. 0.2 m/s
d. 1.0 m/s
e. 4.7 m/s
ANSWER: b

56. A 1.0-kg duck is flying overhead at 1.7 m/s when a hunter fires straight up. The 0.0110-kg bullet is moving 109 m/s
when it hits the duck and stays lodged in the duck's body. What is the speed of the duck and bullet immediately after the
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Chapter 06
hit?
a. 0.35 m/s
b. 2.87 m/s
c. 110.70 m/s
d. 107.30 m/s
e. 1.20 m/s
ANSWER: b

57. Kaitlin uses a bat to hit a thrown baseball. She knocks the ball back in the direction from which it came in a partially
inelastic collision. The bat, which is heavier than the baseball, continues to move in the same direction after the hit as
Kaitlin "follows through." Is the ball moving faster before or after it was hit?
a. The ball was moving faster before it was hit.
b. The ball was moving faster after it was hit.
c. The ball was moving at essentially the same speed before and after the hit.
d. There is insufficient information to answer this problem.
ANSWER: d

58. A tennis ball is held above and in contact with a basketball, and then both are simultaneously dropped. The tennis ball
bounces off the basketball at a fairly high speed. This is because:
a. the basketball falls farther than the tennis ball.
b. the tennis ball is slightly shielded from the Earth's gravitational pull.
c. the massive basketball transfers momentum to the lighter tennis ball.
d. the tennis ball has a smaller radius.
ANSWER: c

59. Two skaters, both of mass 74 kg, are on skates on a frictionless ice pond. One skater throws a 0.3-kg ball at 6 m/s to
his friend, who catches it and throws it back at 6 m/s. When the first skater has caught the returned ball, what is the
velocity of each of the two skaters?
a. 0.02 m/s, moving apart
b. 0.04 m/s, moving apart
c. 0.02 m/s, moving towards each other
d. 0.04 m/s, moving towards each other
e. 10.88 m/s, moving apart
ANSWER: b

60. A 90-kg halfback running north with a speed of 11 m/s is tackled by a 125-kg opponent running south at 5 m/s. The
collision is perfectly inelastic. Compute the velocity of the two players just after the tackle.
a. 7.5 m/s south
b. 1.7 m/s south
c. 1.7 m/s north
d. 10.4 m/s north
e. 7.5 m/s north
ANSWER: c

61. A neutron in a nuclear reactor makes an elastic head-on collision with a carbon atom initially at rest. (The mass of the
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Chapter 06
carbon atom is 12 times that of the neutron.) What fraction of the neutron's kinetic energy is transferred to the carbon
atom?
a. 14.4%
b. 28.4%
c. 41.4%
d. 56.6%
ANSWER: b

62. Popeye, of mass 79 kg, has just downed a can of spinach. He accelerates quickly and stops Bluto, of mass 680 kg
(Bluto is very dense), who is charging in at 10 m/s. What was Popeye's speed?
a. 1.2 m/s
b. 75.9 m/s
c. 76.1 m/s
d. 86.1 m/s
e. 10 m/s
ANSWER: d

63. Mitch throws a 100-g lump of clay at a 510-g target, which is at rest on a horizontal surface. After impact, the target,
including the attached clay, slides 2.9 m before stopping. If the coefficient of friction is μ = 0.50, find the speed of the clay
before impact.
a. 6 m/s
b. 34 m/s
c. 33 m/s
d. 0.6 m/s
e. 38 m/s
ANSWER: c

64. Two identical 6-kg bowling balls roll toward each other. The one on the left is moving at +3 m/s while the one on the
right is moving at −3 m/s. What is the velocity of each ball after they collide elastically?
a. Neither is moving.
b. −3 m/s, +3 m/s
c. +3 m/s, −3 m/s
d. −13 m/s, +13 m/s
e. +13 m/s, –13 m/s
ANSWER: b

65. A 5-kg object is moving to the right at 4 m/s and collides with another object moving to the left at 5 m/s. The objects
collide and stick together. After the collision, the combined object:
a. is moving to the right.
b. is moving to the left.
c. is at rest.
d. has less kinetic energy than the system had before the collision.
ANSWER: d

66. A 5-kg object is moving to the right at 4 m/s and collides with a 4-kg object moving to the left at 5 m/s. The objects
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Chapter 06
collide and stick together. After the collision, the combined object:
a. has the same kinetic energy that the system had before the collision.
b. has more kinetic energy than the system had before the collision.
c. has no kinetic energy.
d. has less momentum than the system had before the collision.
ANSWER: c

67. If a two-body collision is not head-on, then we may always assume that:
a. momentum is conserved.
b. kinetic energy is conserved.
c. neither momentum nor kinetic energy are conserved.
d. both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
ANSWER: a

68. In a system with two moving objects, when a collision occurs between the objects:
a. the total kinetic energy is always conserved.
b. the total momentum is always conserved.
c. the total kinetic energy and total momentum are always conserved.
d. neither the kinetic energy nor the momentum is conserved.
ANSWER: b

69. A billiard ball (Ball #1) moving at 5.00 m/s strikes a stationary ball (Ball #2) of the same mass. After the collision,
Ball #1 moves at a speed of 4.25 m/s. Find the speed of Ball #2 after the collision.
a. 0.75 m/s
b. 6.56 m/s
c. 9.25 m/s
d. 2.63 m/s
e. 0.87 m/s
ANSWER: d

70. A baseball infielder, mass 73.0 kg, jumps up with velocity 2.5 m/s and catches a 0.185-kg baseball moving
horizontally at 55.0 m/s. Of the following, which is closest to the final momentum of the system, infielder and baseball?
a. 182.5 kg⋅m/s
b. 192.5 kg⋅m/s
c. 192.675 kg⋅m/s
d. 172.5 kg⋅m/s
e. 202.5 kg⋅m/s
ANSWER: a

71. When a collision is perfectly inelastic, then:

a. all the kinetic energy is conserved.
b. all the kinetic energy is gone.
c. the participants stick together.
d. the total momentum is zero.
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Chapter 06

ANSWER: c

72. A model car is propelled by a cylinder of carbon dioxide gas. The cylinder emits gas at a rate of 4.5 g/s with an exit
speed of 85.0 m/s. The car has a mass of 420 g, including the CO2 cylinder. Starting from rest, what is the car's initial
acceleration?
a. 0.91 m/s2
b. 38.25 m/s2
c. 35.7 m/s2
d. 7.93 m/s2
e. 1.41 m/s2
ANSWER: a

73. A 1,450-kg experimental rocket sled on level frictionless rails is loaded with 50 kg of propellant. It exhausts the
propellant in a 20-s "burn." If the rocket, initially at rest, moves at 160 m/s after the burn, what impulse is experienced by
the rocket sled?
a. 0.1 × 105 kg⋅m/s
b. 1.5 × 105 kg⋅m/s
c. 2.4 × 105 kg⋅m/s
d. 8 × 105 kg⋅m/s
e. 2.6 × 105 kg⋅m/s
ANSWER: c

74. A 1,500-kg experimental rocket sled at rest on level frictionless rails is loaded with 50 kg of propellant. It exhausts the
propellant in a 20-s "burn." The rocket moves at 155 m/s after the burn. What average force is experienced by the rocket
during the burn?
a. 0.04 × 104 N
b. 1.16 × 104 N
c. 1.2 × 104 N
d. 0.02 × 104 N
e. 23.25 × 104 N
ANSWER: b

75. A helicopter stays aloft by pushing large quantities of air downward every second. What mass of air must be pushed
downward at 35.0 m/s every second to keep a 1,050-kg helicopter aloft?
a. 30 kg
b. 294 kg
c. 304 kg
d. 284 kg
e. 289 kg
ANSWER: b

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Chapter 06
76. A model rocket sits on the launch pad until its fuel is ignited, blasting the rocket upward. During the short time of
blast-off, as the ignited fuel goes down, the rocket goes up because:
a. the fuel pushes on the ground.
b. air friction pushes on the escaping fuel.
c. the downward force of gravity is less than the downward momentum of the fuel.
d. of none of the above reasons.
ANSWER: d

77. At liftoff, the engines of the Saturn V rocket consumed 12,700 kg/s of fuel and exhausted the combustion products at
2,500 m/s. What was the total upward force (thrust) provided by the engines?
a. 3.18 × 107 N
b. 5.08 × 107 N
c. 0.2 × 108 N
d. 4.18 × 108 N
e. 2.18 × 108 N
ANSWER: a

78. Neglecting gravity, doubling the exhaust velocity from a single stage rocket initially at rest changes the final velocity
attainable by what factor? Assume all other variables, such as the mass of the rocket and the mass of the fuel, do not
change.
a. The final velocity stays the same.
b. The final velocity doubles.
c. The final velocity increases by a factor of 0.693.
d. The final velocity increases by a factor of 0.310.
ANSWER: b

79. Neglecting gravity, doubling the exhaust velocity from a single stage rocket initially at rest changes the final kinetic
energy of the burnout stage by what factor? Assume all other variables, such as the mass of the rocket and the mass of the
fuel, do not change.
a. It is the same.
b. It doubles.
c. It quadruples.
d. It increases by a factor of 1.693.
ANSWER: c

80. A rocket of total mass M and with burnout mass 0.15 M attains a speed of 3,300 m/s after starting from rest in deep
space. What is the exhaust velocity of the rocket?
a. 495 m/s
b. 11,000 m/s
c. 22,000 m/s
d. 11,100 m/s
e. 10,000 m/s
ANSWER: b

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Chapter 06
81. Two masses collide and stick together. Before the collision one of the masses was at rest. Is there a situation in which
the kinetic energy is conserved in such a collision?
a. Yes, if the less massive particle is the one initially at rest.
b. Yes, if the more massive particle is the one initially at rest.
c. Yes, if the two particles have the same mass.
d. No, kinetic energy is always lost is such a collision.
ANSWER: d

82. In an automobile collision, how does an airbag lessen the blow to the passenger? Assume as a result of the collision,
the passenger stops.
a. The air bag decreases the momentum change of the passenger in the collision.
b. During the collision, the force from the air bag is greater than would be the force from the windshield or
dashboard so the passenger cannot hit the hard objects.
c. The stopping impulse is the same for either the hard objects or the airbag. Unlike the windshield or dashboard,
the air bag gives some increasing the time for the slowing process and thus decreasing the average force on the
passenger.
d. The airbag is there to insure the seatbelt holds.
ANSWER: c

83. Two masses m1 and m2, with m1 = 3 m2, undergo a head-on elastic collision. If the particles were approaching with
speed v before the collision, with what speed are they moving apart after collision?
a. 3 v
b. v/3
c. 3v/4
d. v
ANSWER: d

84. Two masses m1 and m2, with m1 < m2, have momenta with equal magnitudes. How do their kinetic energies compare?
a. KE1 < KE2
b. KE1 = KE2
c. KE1 > KE2
d. More information is needed.
ANSWER: c

85. Two particles collide, one of them initially being at rest. Is it possible for both particles to be at rest after the collision?
a. If the collision is perfectly inelastic, then this happens.
b. If the collision is elastic, then this happens.
c. This can happen sometimes if the more massive particle was at rest.
d. No.
ANSWER: d

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Other documents randomly have
different content
 I saw a son weep o’er a mother’s grave:
“Ay, weep, poor boy—weep thy most bitter tears
That thou shalt smile so soon. We bury Love,
Forgetfulness grows over it like grass;
That is the thing to weep for, not the dead.”

Alexander Smith (A Boy’s Poem)

UNTIL DEATH

If thou canst love another, be it so.

I would not reach out of my quiet grave
To bind thy heart, if it should choose to go.
Love shall not be a slave....

It would not make me sleep more peacefully,

That thou wert waiting all thy life in woe
For my poor sake. What love thou hast for me
Bestow it ere I go....

Forget me when I die. The violets

Above my rest will blossom just as blue
Nor miss thy tears—E’en Nature’s self forgets—
But while I live be true.

F. A. Westbury.

These verses are by a South Australian writer. “Forget me when I die” is an

unpleasing sentiment; yet in “When I am dead, my dearest,” Christina Rossetti
says:
 If thou wilt, remember,
And if thou wilt, forget.

As regards the latter poem, the curious fact is that it is read as an exquisite
piece of music, and not for any poetic thought it contains. If it has any coherent
meaning, it is that the speaker is indifferent whether or not “her dearest” will
remember her or she will remember him. Yet the haunting music of the lines has
made it a favourite poem, and it finds a place in all the leading anthologies.
Christina Rossetti is by no means a great poet. (Mr. Gosse’s estimate in the
Britannica is exaggerated), but she had a wonderful gift of language and metre.
Take, for example, the pretty lilt contained in the simplest words in “Maiden-
Song”:

Long ago and long ago,

And long ago still,
There dwelt three merry maidens
Upon a distant hill.
One was tall Meggan,
And one was dainty May,
But one was fair Margaret,
More fair than I can say,
Long ago and long ago.
 And yet, dear heart! remembering thee,
Am I not richer than of old?
Safe in thy immortality,
What change can reach the wealth I hold?
What chance can mar the pearl and gold
Thy love hath left in trust for me?
And while in life’s long afternoon,
Where cool and long the shadows grow,
I walk to meet the night that soon
Shall shape and shadow overflow,
I cannot feel that thou art far,
Since near at need the angels are;
And when the sunset gates unbar,
Shall I not see thee waiting stand,
And, white against the evening star,
The welcome of thy beckoning hand?

John Greenleaf Whittier (Snow-Bound).

I have a dream—that some day I shall go

At break of dawn adown a rainy street,
A grey old street, and I shall come in the end
To the little house I have known, and stand; and you,
Mother of mine, who watch and wait for me.
Will you not hear my footstep in the street,
And, as of old, be ready at the door,
To give me rest again?... I shall come home.

H. D. Lowry.
 Surprised by joy—impatient as the Wind
I turned to share the transport—Oh! with whom
But Thee, deep buried in the silent tomb,
That spot which no vicissitude can find?
Love, faithful love, recalled thee to my mind—
But how could I forget thee? Through what power,
Even for the least division of an hour,
Have I been so beguiled as to be blind
To my most grievous loss!—That thought’s return
Was the worst pang that sorrow ever bore,
Save one, one only, when I stood forlorn,
Knowing my heart’s best treasure was no more;
That neither present time, nor years unborn
Could to my sight that heavenly face restore.

William Wordsworth

Written of the poet’s child Catherine, who died in 1812 at three years of age,
and of whom Wordsworth had also written, “Loving she is, and tractable, though
wild.” Forty years after the death of this child and her brother, who died about the
same time, the poet spoke of them to Aubrey de Vere with the same acute sense
of bereavement as if they had only recently died.

DEATH
It is not death, that sometime in a sigh
This eloquent breath shall take its speechless flight;
That sometime these bright stars, that now reply
In sunlight to the sun, shall set in night;
That this warm conscious flesh shall perish quite,
And all life’s ruddy springs forget to flow;
That thoughts shall cease, and the immortal spright
Be lapp’d in alien clay and laid below;
It is not death to know this,—but to know
That pious thoughts, which visit at new graves
In tender pilgrimage, will cease to go
So duly and so oft—and when grass waves
Over the passed-away, there may be then
No resurrection in the minds of men.

Thomas Hood.

A little pain, a little fond regret,

A little shame, and we are living yet,
While love, that should outlive us, lieth dead.

W. Morris.
 O never rudely will I blame his faith
In the might of stars and angels!...
... For the stricken heart of Love
This visible nature, and this common world,
Is all too narrow: yea, a deeper import
Lurks in the legend told my infant years
Than lies upon that truth, we live to learn,
For fable is Love’s world, his home, his birth-place:
Delightedly dwells he ’mong fays and talismans,
And spirits; and delightedly believes
Divinities, being himself divine.
The intelligible forms of ancient poets,
The fair humanities of old religion,
The Power, the Beauty, and the Majesty,
That had their haunts in dale, or piny mountain,
Or forest, by slow stream, or pebbly spring,
Or chasms and wat’ry depths; all these have vanished.
They live no longer in the faith of reason!
But still the heart doth need a language, still
Doth the old instinct bring back the old names,
And to yon starry world they now are gone,
Spirits or gods, that used to share this earth
With man as with their friend; and to the lover
Yonder they move, from yonder visible sky
Shoot influence down: and even at this day
’Tis Jupiter who brings whate’er is great,
And Venus who brings everything that’s fair.

S. T. Coleridge (Wallenstein—The Piccolomini).

His faith.—Wallenstein, the great German soldier and statesman (1583-1634)

believed in astrology.
The “intelligible forms of ancient poets” and “fair humanities of old religion” are
the gods and inferior divinities that please our fancy. Thus the Greeks peopled the
heavens (not very distant heavens to them) with their gods who visited earth and
mingled with men. There were also the lesser deities, as the Hours and the
Graces; and also the Nymphs—the Nereïds, Naiads, Orcades and Dryads—who
inhabited seas, springs, rivers, and trees respectively. The Nymphs would
correspond somewhat to the elves, gnomes and fairies of Northern religions.
Coleridge’s translation of “Wallenstein” (of which “The Piccolomini” is a portion)
is considered a masterpiece. Schiller was fortunate in having a finer poet than
himself to translate his drama. In the above passage Coleridge greatly improved
on the original; the seven splendid lines beginning “The intelligible forms of
ancient poets” are his and not Schiller’s; and, therefore, this passage may fairly be
ascribed to him as author.

By rose-hung river and light-foot rill

There are who rest not; who think long
Till they discern as from a hill
At the sun’s hour of morning song.
Known of souls only, and those souls free,
The sacred spaces of the sea.

A. C. Swinburne (Prelude—Songs before Sunrise).

The sea typifies the wider, nobler life of the soul.

Je prends mon bien où je le trouve.

(I take my property wherever I find it.)
Molière (1622-1673).

This famous saying is quoted in French literature as though Molière had said, “I
admit plagiarism, but I so improve what I borrow from others that it becomes my
own” (see Larousse, under “Bien”).
 “Tho’ old the thought and oft expressed,
’Tis his at last who says it best.”

It is, however, an interesting question whether this was the true meaning intended
by Molière.
The story is told by Grimarest, the first biographer of the great dramatist. In
1671 Molière produced Les Fourberies de Scapin, in which he had inserted two
scenes taken from Le Pedant Joué, of Cyrano de Bergerac (1619-1655). (They are
the amusing scenes where Geronte repeatedly says, Que diable allait-il faire dans
cette galère, “What the deuce was he doing in that Turkish galley?”) Grimarest
says that Cyrano had used in these scenes what he had overheard from Molière,
and that the latter, when taxed with the plagiarism, replied, “Je reprends mon bien
où je le trouve” (“I take back my property, wherever I find it”). That is to say, he
definitely denied the plagiarism.
Voltaire, in a “Life of Molière,” makes a general assertion (not referring specially
to this incident) that all Grimarest’s stories are false. This must, of course, be far
too sweeping an assertion, and Grimarest is in fact quoted as an authority. Voltaire
himself (1694-1778) uses the saying in the sense given by Grimarest (La Pucelle,
Chant III.):

Cette culotte est mienne; et je prendrai

Ce que fut mien où je le trouverai.

(“These breeches are mine, and I shall take what was mine wherever I find it.”)
Agnès Sorel had been captured dressed as a man and wearing the garment in
question, which had been previously stolen from the speaker.
It seems to me that Grimarest’s story must be accepted, that Molière claimed
the scenes as originally his and denied plagiarism. There is no evidence to the
contrary, and the saying is given its obvious meaning. (It is word for word as in
the Digest, Ubi rem meam invenio, ibi vindico, “Where I find my own property, I
appropriate it.”) But the question then arises, Why should so commonplace a
statement have attained such notoriety?
The explanation seems simple. Molière had many jealous and bitter enemies,
who laid every charge they could against him. He was well known to have
borrowed ideas, characters and scenes in all directions—and his enemies
constantly and persistently attacked him on this ground. Then came his most
glaring plagiarism from a comparatively recent play, written by a man whose dare-
devil exploits had made him a perfect hero of romance. Molière’s story that Cyrano
had previously stolen the scenes from him would not been have accepted for a
moment. Cyrano had never been known to plagiarize, nor would it have been
natural for a man of his character to do anything clandestine. Also Molière would
have had nothing to support his statement—and Cyrano was not alive to contradict
him. The conclusion, therefore, seems to be that the dramatist’s statement was
received in Paris with such incredulity, indignation, and ridicule that it became a
byword.
But if this is so, why have the words been given an entirely fictitious meaning?
The answer seems to lie in the fact that as Molière’s great genius became realized
the desire arose to remove a blemish from his character. His is the greatest name
in French literature, and almost anything would be excused in him. (We ourselves
pass lightly over plagiarisms by Shakespeare.) Also, whether morally justified or
not, Molière enriched the world’s literature by his borrowings. It was, therefore, no
serious matter to Frenchmen that he should have borrowed from Cyrano, but it
was a distinct blemish on his character that he should have denied the fact and
also slandered a dead man. Ordinarily, in such a case, the story is ignored and
forgotten, just as the one improper act of Sir Walter Scott, his borrowing from
Coleridge of the “Christabel” metre, is usually ignored or slurred over. But the
saying had become rooted in literature and this course was not practicable.
However, there is little that enthusiasm cannot accomplish by some means or
other, and the object in this instance has been achieved by reversing the meaning
of Molière’s words. If this conjecture is correct, it is an illustration of what has
occurred on a far greater scale in connection with the Greeks (see Index of
Subjects).
As regards the meaning now given to the saying, Seneca claimed the same right
to borrow at will. Quidquid bene dictum est ab ullo, meum est (Ep. XVI). After
advising his reader to consider the Epistle carefully and see what value it had for
him, he says, “You need not be surprised if I am still free with other people’s
property. But why do I say ‘other people’s property’? Whatever has been well said
by anyone belongs to me.”[13]
So also the late Samuel Butler said, “Appropriate things are meant to be
appropriated.”
 Our finest hope is finest memory,
As they who love in age think youth is blest
Because it has a life to fill with love.

George Eliot (A Minor Poet).

The disposition to judge every enterprise by its event, and believe

in no wisdom that is not endorsed by success, is apt to grow upon
us with years, till we sympathize with nothing for which we cannot
take out a policy of assurance.
James Martineau (Hours of Thought I, 87).

If once a man indulges himself in murder, very soon he comes to

think little of robbing; and from robbing he comes next to drinking
and Sabbath-breaking, and from that to incivility and procrastination.
Once begin upon this downward path, you never know where you
are to stop. Many a man has dated his ruin from some murder or
other that perhaps he thought little of at the time.
De Quincey (Murder, as one of the Fine Arts).
 For when the mellow autumn flushed
The thickets, where the chestnut fell,
And in the vales the maple blushed,
Another came who knew her well,

Who sat with her below the pine

And with her through the meadow moved,
And underneath the purpling vine
She sang to him the song I loved.

N. G. Shepherd.

Mrs. Crupp had indignantly assured him that there wasn’t room to
swing a cat there; but, as Mr. Dick justly observed to me, sitting
down on the foot of the bed, nursing his leg, “You know, Trotwood, I
don’t want to swing a cat. I never do swing a cat. Therefore, what
does that signify to me!”
Dickens (David Copperfield).

(After looking at his watch) “Two days wrong!” sighed the Hatter.
“I told you butter would not suit the works!” he added, looking
angrily at the March Hare.
“It was the best butter,” the March Hare replied.
Lewis Carroll (Alice in Wonderland).
 “They were learning to draw,” the Dormouse went on, “and they
drew all manner of things—everything that begins with an M—”
“Why with an M?” said Alice.
“Why not?” said the March Hare.
Alice was silent.
Lewis Carroll (Alice in Wonderland).

Perhaps, as two negatives make one affirmative, it may be

thought that two layers of moonshine might coalesce into one
pancake; and two Barmecide banquets might be the square root of
one poached egg.
Author not traced.

In a Dublin lunatic asylum, one of the inmates peremptorily

ordered a visitor to take off his hat. Deferentially obeying the order,
the visitor asked why he should remove his hat. The lunatic replied:
“Do you not know, sir, that I am the Crown Prince of Prussia?”
Having duly made his apologies, the visitor proceeded on his round;
but, coming upon the same lunatic, was met with the same demand.
Again obeying the order, he repeated the question: “May I ask why
you wish me to take off my hat?” The lunatic replied: “Are you not
aware, sir, that I am the Prince of Wales?” “But,” said the visitor,
“you told me just now you were the Crown Prince of Prussia.” The
lunatic, after scratching his head and deliberating for a moment,
replied: “Ah, but that was by a different mother.”
(Another Irish lunatic always lost himself and insisted on looking
for himself under the bed.)
Author not traced.
 These are true stories but localized—another injustice to Ireland!

When I said I would die a bachelor, I did not think I should live till
I were married.
(Much Ado About Nothing.)

Pointz. Come, your reason, Jack,—your reason.

Falstaff. Give you a reason on compulsion! If reasons were as
plenty as blackberries, I would give no man a reason upon
compulsion, I.
(1 Henry IV, ii, 4.)

Reason needs to be given its old pronunciation, “raison” (or raisin) in order to
understand Falstaff’s pun.

Still I cannot believe in clairvoyance—because the thing is

impossible.
Samuel Rogers, 1763-1855 (Table Talk).

Rogers mentions some remarkable facts about the clairvoyant, Alexis, and ends
with this convincing argument. Apart from clairvoyance (of which I know nothing),
Rogers would no doubt have made a similar reply if some prophet had foretold
that men would one day communicate with each other by wireless telegraphy; and
the same effective argument is to-day opposed by many to the evidence that the
dead communicate with the living.
I might follow the eight preceding quotations (which illustrate “the art of
reasoning”) with the well-known story of Charles Lamb, who, when blamed for
coming late to the office, excused himself on the ground that he always left early.
(He also said, “A man could not have too little to do and too much time to do it
in.”) There is also the reply of Lord Rothschild, when the cabman told him that his
son paid better fares than he did, “Yes, but He has a rich father, and I haven’t.”

TO THE TRUE ROMANCE

Thy face is far from this our war,
Our call and counter-cry,
I shall not find Thee quick and kind,
Nor know Thee till I die.
Enough for me in dreams to see
And touch Thy garments’ hem:
Thy feet have trod so near to God
I may not follow them.

Through wantonness if men profess

They weary of Thy parts,
E’en let them die at blasphemy
And perish with their arts;
But we that love, but we that prove
Thine excellence august,
While we adore discover more
Thee perfect, wise, and just.

Since spoken word Man’s Spirit stirred

Beyond his belly-need,
What is is Thine of fair design
In thought and craft and deed;
Each stroke aright of toil and fight,
That was and that shall be,
And hope too high, wherefore we die,
Has birth and worth in Thee.

Who holds by Thee hath Heaven in fee

To gild his dross thereby,
And knowledge sure that he endure
A child until he die—
For to make plain that man’s disdain
Is but new Beauty’s birth—
For to possess in loneliness
The joy of all the earth.
As thou didst teach all lovers speech
And Life all mystery,
So shalt Thou rule by every school
Till love and longing die,
Who wast or yet the Lights were set
A whisper in the Void,
Who shalt be sung through planets young
When this is clean destroyed.

Beyond the bounds our staring rounds,

Across the pressing dark,
The children wise of outer skies
Look hitherward and mark
A light that shifts, a glare that drifts
Rekindling thus and thus,
Not all forlorn, for Thou hast borne
Strange tales to them of us.

Time hath no tide but must abide

The servant of Thy will;
Tide hath no time, for to Thy rhyme
The ranging stars stand still—
Regent of spheres that lock our fears
Our hopes invisible,
Oh! ’twas certés at Thy decrees
We fashioned Heaven and Hell!

Pure Wisdom hath no certain path

That lacks thy morning-eyne,
And captains bold by Thee controlled
Most like to God’s design;
Thou art the Voice to kingly boys
To lift them through the fight.
And Comfortress of Unsuccess,
To give the dead good-night.

A veil to draw ’twixt God His law

 A veil to draw twixt God, His law,
And Man’s infirmity,
A shadow kind to dumb and blind
The shambles where we die;
A rule to trick th’ arithmetic
Too base of leaguing odds—
The spur of trust, the curb of lust,
Thou handmaid of the Gods!

O Charity, all patiently

Abiding wrack and scaith!
O Faith, that meets ten thousand cheats
Yet drops no jot of faith!
Devil and brute Thou dost transmute
To higher, lordlier show,
Who art in sooth that lovely Truth
The careless angels know!

Thy face is far from this our war,

Our call and counter-cry,
I may not find Thee quick and kind,
Nor know Thee till I die.

Yet may I look with heart unshook

On blow brought home or missed—
Yet may I hear with equal ear
The clarions down the List;
Yet set my lance above mischance
And ride the barrière—
Oh, hit or miss, how little ’tis,
My Lady is not there!

Rudyard Kipling.

All attempts to define poetic imagination, to determine its scope or prescribe its
limits, leave us cold and unsatisfied, for the simple reason that its variety and
range are unlimited. The aesthetic, moral and spiritual faculties are all in essence
identical, so that no definition of the aesthetic can exclude the spiritual, and art
and poetry spring from the same root as religion. They all have what Wordsworth
calls the “Spirit of Paradise.”[14] Imagination[15] in its larger sense includes all
those higher faculties of man, all that lifts him above his material existence. The
“True Romance” in this fine poem is imagination in this complete sense. By our
lower perceptive faculties we see the world of Nature in its material form; by our
higher powers we apprehend its aesthetic, moral and spiritual beauty. (Man with
his consciousness, will, reason, and also his higher imaginative faculties, is as
much part of Nature as any star or clod, crystal or gas, fly or flower.) Hence
imagination gives us the vision of glory in earth and sky, the sense of wonder and
worship, the emotions of sympathy and love; it teaches us duty and self sacrifice;
it awakens in us a sense of the mystery of birth, life and death, directing our
thoughts from the finite and material world to the infinite realm of the spiritual.
Verse 4, lines 5, 6. Our faculties develop, and we realize, for example, the
beauty of Nature which was not apparent to the Greeks of Plato’s time (see p.
379; see also p. 283). Verse 9, l. 5, 6. Imagination teaches us heroism. In the
italicized verses, “our war” is, of course, the strife of our material existence: we
can face with courage the mischances of life, seeing that “My Lady Romance,” the
soul which is our higher nature, must persist through life and after death.
(“Barrière,” barrier.)

We are on a perilous margin when we begin to look passively at

our future selves, and see our own figures led with dull consent into
insipid misdoing and shabby achievement.
George Eliot (Middlemarch).

The stars make no noise.

Irish Proverb.

WHO FANCIED WHAT A PRETTY SIGHT

 Who fancied what a pretty sight
This rock would be if edged around
With living snow-drops? circlet bright!
How glorious to this orchard ground!
Who loved the little rock, and set
Upon its head this coronet?

Was it the humour of a child?

Or rather of some gentle maid,
Whose brows, the day that she was styled
The Shepherd-queen, were thus arrayed?
Of man mature, or matron sage?
Or old man toying with his age?

I asked—’twas whispered, “The device

To each and all might well belong:
It is the Spirit of Paradise
That prompts such work, a Spirit strong
That gives to all the self-same bent
Where life is wise and innocent.”

Wordsworth.

They who believe in the influences of the stars over the fates of
men are, in feeling at least, nearer the truth than they who regard
the heavenly bodies as related to them merely by a common
obedience to an external law. All that man sees has to do with man.
Worlds cannot be without an intermundane relationship. The
community of the centre of all creation suggests an inter-radiating
connection and dependence of the parts. Else a grander idea is
conceivable than that which is already embodied. The blank, which
is only a forgotten life lying behind the consciousness, and the misty
splendour, which is an undeveloped life lying before it, may be full of
mysterious revelations of other connections with the worlds around
us than those of science and poetry. No shining belt or gleaming
moon, no red and green glory in a self-encircling twin-star, but has a
relation with the hidden things of a man’s soul, and, it may be, with
the secret history of his body as well. They are portions of the living
house within which he abides.
G. MacDonald (Phantastes).
 O weary time, O life,
Consumed in endless, useless strife
To wash from out the hopeless clay
Of heavy day and heavy day
Some specks of golden love, to keep
Our hearts from madness ere we sleep!

W. Morris (The Earthly Paradise).

To an Australian, a metaphor taken from alluvial gold-mining is interesting.

(Dr. Slop has been uttering terrible curses against Obadiah) I

declare, quoth my Uncle Toby, my heart would not let me curse the
devil himself with so much bitterness.—He is the father of curses,
replied Dr. Slop.—So am not I, replied my uncle.—But he is cursed
and damned already to all eternity, replied Dr. Slop.
I am sorry for it, quoth my Uncle Toby.
Laurence Sterne (Tristram Shandy).
 Faust. If heaven was made for man, ’twas made for me.

Good Angel. Faustus, repent; yet heaven will pity thee.

Bad Angel. Thou art a spirit, God cannot pity thee.

Faust. Be I a devil, yet God may pity me.

Marlowe (Doctor Faustus).

But fare-you-well, Auld Nickie-Ben!

O, wad ye tak a thought and men’!
Ye aiblins might—I dinna ken—
Still hae a stake:
I’m wae to think upo’ yon den,
Ev’n for your sake!

Robert Burns (Address to the Deil).

“Shargar, what think ye? Gin the deil war to repent, wad God
forgie him?”
“There’s no sayin’ what folk wad dae till ance they’re tried,”
returned Shargar cautiously.
George MacDonald (Robert Falconer, ch. xii.)

There is a passage, I think in one of MacDonald’s novels, where the question is

again put, “Gin the de’il war to repent?” The reply is to the effect, “Do not wish
even him anything so dreadful. The agony of his repentance would be far worse
than anything he can suffer in hell.”
Scotus Erigena, a very able Irish theologian and philosopher of the 9th century,
believed that Satan himself must ultimately be reclaimed, since otherwise God
could not in the end conquer and extinguish sin. He cites Origen and others in
support of his contention. These old and very serious discussions seem more
remote than Plato, but the belief in a personal devil was not uncommon even in
my young days.

Hope, whose eyes

Can sound the seas unsoundable, the skies
Inaccessible of eyesight; that can see
What earth beholds not, hear what wind and sea
Hear not, and speak what all these crying in one
Can speak not to the sun.

Swinburne (Thalassius).

AN EXCELENTE BALADE OF CHARITIE

 In Virgo now the sultry sun did sheene, shine
And hot upon the meads did cast his ray;
The apple reddened from its paly green,
And the soft pear did bend the leafy spray;
The pied chelándry sang the livelong day; goldfinch
’Twas now the pride, the manhood of the year,
And eke the ground was decked in its most deft aumere.
apparel

The sun was gleaming in the midst of day.

Dead-still the air, and eke the welkin blue,
When from the sea arose in drear array
A heap of clouds of sable sullen hue,
The which full fast unto the woodland drew,
Hiding at once the sunnès festive face,
And the black tempest swelled, and gathered up apace.

Beneath a holm, fast by a pathway-side holm-oak

Which did unto Saint Godwin’s convent lead,
A hapless pilgrim moaning did abide,
Poor in his view, ungentle in his weed, clothing
Long brimful of the miseries of need.
Where from the hailstorm could the beggar fly?
He had no houses there, nor any convent nigh.

Look in his gloomèd face, his sprite there scan;

How woe-begone, how withered, dwindled, dead!
Haste to thy church-glebe-house, accursed man! grave
Haste to thy shroud, thy only sleeping bed.
Cold as the clay which will grow on thy head
Are Charity and Love among high elves;
For knights and barons live for pleasure and themselves.

The gathered storm is ripe; the big drops fall,

The sunburnt meadows smoke, and drink the rain;
The coming ghastness doth the cattle ’pall, gloom, appal
 e co g g ast ess dot t e catt e pa , g oo , appa
And the full flocks are driving o’er the plain;
Dashed from the clouds, the waters fly again;
The welkin opes; the yellow lightning flies,
And the hot fiery steam in the wide flashings dies.

List! now the thunder’s rattling noisy sound

Moves slowly on, and then full-swollen clangs,
Shakes the high spire, and lost, expended, drowned,
Still on the frighted ear of terror hangs;
The winds are up; the lofty elmtree swangs; swings
Again the lightning, and the thunder pours,
And the full clouds are burst at once in stony showers.

Spurring his palfrey o’er the watery plain,

The Abbot of Saint Godwin’s convent came;
His chapournette was drenched with the rain, small round hat
His painted girdle met with mickle shame;
He aynewarde told his bederoll at the same; told his beads
The storm increases, and he drew aside, backwards,
With the poor alms-craver near to the holm to bide. i.e., cursed

His cope was all of Lincoln cloth so fine,

With a gold button fastened near his chin,
His autremete was edged with golden twine, robe
And his shoe’s peak a noble’s might have been;
Full well it shewèd he thought cost no sin.
The trammels of his palfrey pleased his sight,
For the horse-milliner his head with roses dight.

“An alms, sir priest!” the drooping pilgrim said,

“Oh! let me wait within your convent-door,
Till the sun shineth high above our head,
And the loud tempest of the air is o’er.
Helpless and old am I, alas! and poor.
No house, no friend, nor money in my pouch,
All that I call my own is this my silver crouche.” crucifix
 “Varlet!” replied the Abbot, “cease your din;
This is no season alms and prayers to give.
My porter never lets a beggar in;
None touch my ring who not in honour live.”
And now the sun with the black clouds did strive,
And shot upon the ground his glaring ray;
The abbot spurred his steed, and eftsoons rode away.

Once more the sky was black, the thunder rolled,

Fast running o’er the plain a priest was seen;
Not dight full proud, nor buttoned up in gold.
His cope and jape were grey, and eke were clean; short
surplice
A Limitor he was of order seen; Begging Friar
And from the pathway-side then turnèd he,
Where the poor beggar lay beneath the holmen tree.

“An alms, sir priest!” the drooping pilgrim said,

“For sweet Saint Mary and your order’s sake.”
The Limitor then loosened his pouch-thread,
And did thereout a groat of silver take:
The needy pilgrim did for gladness shake,
“Here, take this silver, it may ease thy care,
We are God’s stewards all, naught of our own we bear.

“But ah! unhappy pilgrim, learn of me.

Scarce any give a rent-roll to their lord;
Here, take my semicope, thou’rt bare, I see. short cloak
’Tis thine; the saints will give me my reward.”
He left the pilgrim, and his way aborde. went on his way
Virgin and holy Saints, who sit in gloure, glory
Or give the mighty will, or give the good man power!

Thomas Chatterton (1752-1770).

The sun would conventionally be said to be in Virgo in August.

 It is sad and strange to think of the amazing story of this child-genius, who lived
in a world of romance but was driven by destitution to commit suicide at
seventeen years of age. The above was one of the “Rowley forgeries,” but, for the
antique words which Chatterton used (often incorrectly) to imitate the language of
the Fifteenth Century, modern words have been substituted where possible.

I thought once how Theocritus had sung

Of the sweet years, the dear and wished-for years,
Who each one in a gracious hand appears
To bear a gift for mortals, old or young:
And, as I mused it in his antique tongue,
I saw, in gradual vision through my tears,
The sweet, sad years, the melancholy years.
Those of my own life, who by turns had flung
A shadow across me. Straightway I was ’ware,
So weeping, how a mystic Shape did move
Behind me, and drew me backward by the hair;
And a voice said in mastery, while I strove,—
“Guess now who holds thee?”—“Death,” I said. But there,
The silver answer rang.—“Not Death, but Love.”

E. B. Browning (Sonnets from the Portuguese).

This is the first of the chain of sonnets, which Mrs. Browning called “Sonnets
from the Portuguese.” They tell her own love-story, and were written in secret and
without thought of publication. Robert Browning learnt of them only the year after
the marriage, and then insisted on their being published. They include some of the
finest sonnets in our language.
To appreciate this and the other sonnets, it is necessary to know the beautiful
story of the two poets. Mrs. Browning was six years older than her husband and a
life-long invalid, expecting, as she says in this sonnet, Death rather than Love.
Their marriage was supremely happy, and the great poet, when in England, used
to visit the church in which they were married to express his thankfulness. He tells
the love-story in the next quotation.
In these sonnets Mrs. Browning laid bare her innermost feelings.
Robert Browning, however, in several poems says the privacy of a poet’s life and
feelings should not be bared to the public. Wordsworth had written in 1827:

Scorn not the Sonnet.... With this key

Shakespeare unlocked his heart.

Browning in 1876 (thirty years after the “Sonnets from the Portuguese” were
written) wrote in his poem called House:

“With this same key

Shakespeare unlocked his heart”....
Did Shakespeare? If so, the less Shakespeare he!

Swinburne comments on these lines: “No whit the less like Shakespeare, but
undoubtedly the less like Browning.”
... Come back with me to the first of all,
Let us lean and love it over again,
Let us now forget and now recall,
Break the rosary in a pearly rain,
And gather what we let fall!...

Hither we walked then, side by side,

Arm in arm and cheek to cheek,
And still I questioned or replied,
While my heart, convulsed to really speak,
Lay choking in its pride.

Silent the crumbling bridge we cross,

And pity and praise the chapel sweet,
And care about the fresco’s loss,
And wish for our souls a like retreat,
And wonder at the moss.

We stoop and look in through the grate,

See the little porch and rustic door,
Read duly the dead builder’s date;
Then cross the bridge that we crossed before,
Take the path again—but wait!

Oh moment, one and infinite!

The water slips o’er stock and stone;
The West is tender, hardly bright:
How grey at once is the evening grown—
One star, its chrysolite!

We two stood there with never a third,

But each by each, as each knew well:
The sights we saw and the sounds we heard,
The lights and the shades made up a spell
Till the trouble grew and stirred.
 Oh, the little more, and how much it is!
And the little less, and what worlds away!
How a sound shall quicken content to bliss,
Or a breath suspend the blood’s best play,
And life be a proof of this!...

A moment after, and hands unseen

Were hanging the night around us fast;
But we knew that a bar was broken between
Life and life: we were mixed at last
In spite of the mortal screen....

How the world is made for each of us!

How all we perceive and know in it
Tends to some moment’s product thus,
When a soul declares itself—to wit,
By its fruit, the thing it does!...

I am named and known by that moment’s feat;

There took my station and degree;
So grew my own small life complete,
As nature obtained her best of me—
One born to love you, sweet!

And to watch you sink by the fire-side now

Back again, as you mutely sit
Musing by fire-light, that great brow
And the spirit-small hand propping it,
Yonder, my heart knows how!

R. Browning (By the Fireside).

The last verse, describing Mrs. Browning, makes it clear that the poet is
speaking of his own love-story, although the scene is imaginary. The last two
verses are to be read literally, as an expression of the poet’s firm belief, and not as
poetical exaggeration.