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(All Sets Included : Outside Delhi & Delhi)
2022 EXAMINATION
English • Hindi (A) • Hindi (B)
Social Science • Science
Mathematics (Standard)
CBSE
X
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
BY THE PUBLISHER
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission
of the Oswal Publishers.
DISCLAIMER
With the ambition of providing standard academic resources, we have exercised extreme care in publishing the
content. In case of any discrepancies in the matter, we request readers to excuse the unintentional lapse and not
hold us liable for the same. Suggestions are always welcome.
EDITION : YEAR 2021

ISBN : 978-93-91184-51-3
PUBLISHED BY
OSWAL PUBLISHERS
1/12, Sahitya Kunj, M.G. Road, Agra - 282002
(0562) 2527771-4, +91 7534077222
[email protected]
www.oswalpublishers.com
The cover of this book has been designed using resources from Freepik.com
Printed At Upkar Printing Unit, Agra

In accordance with the latest syllabus prescribed by the
Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi.
PREFACE
With immense pleasure, we would like to present the thoroughly updated edition of
CBSE 10 Last Years Solved Papers for the students of class 10th. This volume aims to
meet the requirements of students preparing for their oncoming Board Examinations.
Structured to facilitate easy last minute revision, this book gives a fair idea of the
pattern of the question paper and the kind of questions asked by the Board in the
previous years.
This title also aims at gauging the preparation of the students for their examination.
The content of this book is prepared, keeping in mind the dynamic nature of the board
exam pattern. A team of experienced academicians have put in meticulous efforts to
provide befitting solutions, which have been framed in accordance to the marking
scheme issued by the board.
It should be taken into account that this book covers the current syllabus completely.
CBSE class 10th syllabus was bifurcated into Term 1 and 2 upto 2017. Even though this
practice was discontinued from the academic year 2017-2018, this title covers both
Term 1 and Term 2 papers till 2015 for the benefit of the students. Final exam papers
from 2018 onwards, which cover the complete syllabus, are also included. Immense
care has been taken to present the content with lucidity to enhance the readability of
the book.
We hope that this book will prove to be the quintessential tool for the students to ace
their board examination. Constructive suggestions to improve the quality of this book
are always welcome.
—Publisher
HOW TO PRACTICE THE
3R'S AT HOME?
Shred the waste paper
and use it as a
packaging material.
Take your own cloth
bag to shopping.
Keep plastic lids Avoid taking products
under oil jars to keep with extra packaging.
your shelves
stain-free.
Change
the refills
not the
pen.
Use
newspapers
& old comic
pages for gift
wrapping.
Use the old towels

Use old glass jars, and beddings as
containers and cans braided rugs.
as desk tools like pen
holder or paper
weight.
Don't sell the old Use old coffee or tea

furniture but use the mugs and bottles for
wood to make shelves growing plants at
and drawers. home.
CONTENTS
English (Language & Literature) » Paper 2016 (Outside Delhi) Term II 253
» Paper 2020 (Outside Delhi) 9 » Paper 2016 (Delhi) Term II 260
» Paper 2020 (Delhi) 19 » Paper 2015 Term I 266
» Paper 2019 (Outside Delhi) 26
Social Science
» Paper 2019 (Delhi) 38
» Paper 2018 48
» Paper 2017 (Outside Delhi) Term II 54
» Paper 2017 (Delhi) Term II 62
» Paper 2016 Term I 68
» Paper 2018 319
Hindi (Course A) » Paper 2015 (Outside Delhi) Term II 382
Science
» Paper 2018 157
» Paper 2018 472
Hindi (Course B) » Paper 2017 (Outside Delhi) Term II 481
» Paper 2019 (Outside Delhi) 209 » Paper 2016 (Outside Delhi) Term II 512
» Paper 2019 (Delhi) 220 » Paper 2016 (Delhi) Term II 523
» Paper 2018 231 » Paper 2015 Term I 534
» Paper 2017 (Outside Delhi) Term II 236 » Paper 2015 (Outside Delhi) Term II 551
» Paper 2017 (Delhi) Term II 242 » Paper 2015 (Delhi) Term II 561
» Paper 2016 Term I 248 » Paper 2014 Term I 571
Mathematics » Paper 2016 Term I 696
» Paper 2020 (Outside Delhi) 580 » Paper 2016 (Outside Delhi) Term II 708
» Paper 2020 (Delhi) 599 » Paper 2016 (Delhi) Term II 723
» Paper 2019 (Outside Delhi) 618 » Paper 2015 Term I 738
» Paper 2019 (Delhi) 637 » Paper 2015 (Outside Delhi) Term II 747
» Paper 2018 656 » Paper 2015 (Delhi) Term II 764
» Paper 2017 (Outside Delhi) Term II 669 » Paper 2014 Term I 779
Join for more https://t.me/NtseBookCorner

STUDY LOG
TOPICS I’VE MASTERED TOPICS I’VE TO WORK ON
PRACTICE STRATEGY
1. Divide lengthy topics into smaller chunks and work on understanding one sub-topic at a time.
TIPS
2. At the end of each study session, make short notes for quick revision.
3. Revisit previously learnt topics regularly from self-made notes.
4. Try to understand the topic than just mugging it up. It will stay in your memory for longer.
HOW TO SAVE WATER
AT HOME
This is the time when you are going to be promoted to higher classes. Going a
level up also means there will be more books, more syllabus, more tests & exams.
We have pieced together some of the most effective tips that will surely help you
stay ahead of your peers by staying organised and managing your time as well as
energy in an improved manner.
Turn off the tap when Take shorter showers. Soak your dishes first in Leaky faucets can waste
you have wet the Prefer bucket-bath over warm water before upto 20 gallons of water.
toothbrush or while shower one. cleaning them in Keep a close eye on
applying soap to the running water. This will them. Turn them off
dishes. make the dirt come out tightly.
much faster.
Use broom instead of Try watering plants For harvesting rainwater Avoid unnecessary
pipes to clean sidewalks during the early part of use barrels or drums at throwing or splashing of
or driveways. the day. Avoid watering the rooftop. water. Drink it upto the
them when it is too very last drop.
sunny or windy.
Wash your car manually Be conscious of the Make use the waste Collected rainwater can
instead of using a pipe. leaky washbasins/sinks. water for cleaning floors. be used for plants as it is
rich in minerals.
English (Lang. & Lit.)
Outside Delhi [Set-I] 2020
Time allowed : 3 Hours Maximum marks : 80
General Instructions :
(4) She speaks of the undaunted ever hopeful
human spirit. She reminds us that it is
(i) The question paper comprises three sections
A, B and C important to visit museums in our country
to experience the impact that a work of art
Section A – Reading : 20 marks
leaves on our senses, to find among all the
Section B – Writing and Grammar : 30 marks
riches one particular vision of beauty that
Section C – Literature : 30 marks speaks to us alone.
(ii) There are 11 questions in the question paper.
All questions are compulsory. 1.1 On the basis of your reading of the above
passage answer the following questions.
(iii) Answers should be brief and to the point.
(iv) There is no overall choice in the question [1 × 8 = 8]
paper. However, an internal choice has been
(a) The dancing girl belongs to
provided in Section B and Section C. Make
your choice correctly. (i) Mohenjo-Daro (ii) Greek culture
(v) In addition to this, separate instructions are (iii) Homosapiens (iv) Tibet
given with each section and question, wher-
(b) In the museum she's kept among
ever necessary.
(i) dancing figures
(vi) Do not exceed the prescribed word limit while
(ii) bronze statues
answering the questions.
(iii) terracotta animals
SECTION – A (iv) books
(READING) 20
(c) Which information is not given in the
1. Read the following passage carefully. [8] passage?

(1) Caged behind thick glass, the most famous (i) The girl is caged behind glass.
dancer in the world can easily be missed in (ii) She is a rare artefact.
the National Museum, Delhi. The Dancing (iii) School books communicate the
Girl of Mohenjo-Daro is that rare artefact wealth of our heritage.
that even school children are familiar with.
Our school textbooks also communicate the (iv) She cannot be rediscovered as she‘s
wealth of our 5000 years heritage of art. bronze.
You have to be alert to her existence there,
(d) 'Great Art' has power because :
amid terracotta animals to rediscover this (i) it appeals to us despite a passage of
bronze image. time.

(2) Most of us have seen her only in photographs (ii) it is small and can be understood.
or sketches therefore the impact of actually (iii) it‘s seen in pictures and sketches.
holding her is magnified a million times
(iv) it‘s magnified a million times.
over. One discovers that the dancing girl
has no feet. She is small, a little over 10 cm
(e) The jewellery she wears :
tall – the length of a human palm – but she (i) consists of bangles of shell, ivory or
surprises us with the power of great art – thin metal.
the ability to communicate across centuries. (ii) is a necklace with two pendants.

(3) A series of bangles – of shell or ivory or (iii) both (i) and (ii) are correct.
thin metal – clothe her left upper arm all (iv) neither (i) nor (ii) is correct.
the way down to her fingers. A necklace
with three pendants bunched together
(f) She reminds us :
and a few bangles above the elbow and (i) of the never say-die attitude of humans.
wrist on the right hand display an almost (ii) why museums in our country are
modern art. exciting.
10 English (Language and Literature) 2020 (Outside Delhi)
(iii) why she will make us come into (6) What then is the best path to take? I would
money. say the most important thing one can do is to
(iv) of dancing figures. listen. Listen to your children and their silences.

(g) The synonym of the word ''among'' in para Ensure that you keep some time aside for them,
1 is ................. . insist that they share their stories with you.
Step into their world. It is not as complicated

(h) The size of the dancing girl is equal to the as it sounds; just a daily half an hour of the
length of human palm. (True/False)
quality time would do the trick.
Ans.
2.1. On the basis of your reading of the above
(a) (i) Mohenjo-Daro.
passage, answer the following questions in
(b) (iii) terracotta animals. 30 – 40 words each : [2 × 4 = 8]
(c) (iv) she cannot be rediscovered as she’s (a) Write one advantage and one disadvantage of
bronze. allowing every family member to be part of the
(d) (i) it appeals to us despite a passage of time. decision making process.
(e) (i) consists of bangles of shell, ivory or thin (b) In today‘s world, what are parents asking their
metal. kids?
(f) (ii) why museums in our country are (c) Which two pieces of advice does the writer give
exciting. to the parents?
(g) amid
(d) The passage supports the parents. How far do
(h) True you agree with the author‘s views? Support
2. Read the following passage carefully. your view with a reason.
(1) As the family finally sets off from home after Ans. (a) Advantage of taking every family member’s
many arguments there is a moment of lull as opinion is that it promotes a sense of
the car takes off. ''Alright, so where are we togetherness and bonding. However,
going for dinner now?'' asks the one at the the disadvantage to this is that it creates
driving wheel. What follows is a chaos as confusion, leads to arguments and at least
multiple voices make as many suggestions. one person is left grumbling in the end.
(2) By the time order is restored and a decision is (b) In today’s world, parents ask their kids
arrived at, tempers have risen, feelings injured about their favourite cuisine, the movie
and there is at least one person grumbling.
they want to see, holiday destinations and
(3) Twenty years ago, you would step out of subjects that they wish to study.
home, decision of meal and venue already
made with no arguments or opposition and (c) The writer advises the parents to listen to
everybody looked forward to the meal with their kids and spend at least half an hour
equal enthusiasm. The decision was made by of their quality time with them.
the head of the family and the others fell in line. (d) I agree with the author’s views of parents
Today every member of the family has a say in giving importance to their kids’ opinions
every decision which also promotes a sense of and taking their choices into consideration.
togetherness and bonding. If parents do not pay heed to their kids’
(4) We empower our kids to take their own views, it results in conflicts and negative
decision from a very early age. We ask them approach within the child. This eventually
the cuisine they prefer, the movie they want takes a toll on the child’s self-esteem and
to see, the holiday they wish to go on and the overall personality.
subjects they wish to study. 2.2 On the basis of your reading of the above
(5) It‘s a closely connected world out there where passage, answer the following : [1 × 4 = 4]
children consult and guide each other. A (a) The synonym of 'hurt' as given in paragraph
parent‘s well meaning advice can sound like 2 is ............. .
nothing more than unnecessary preaching.

(b) The word which means the same as 'a style
How then do we reach our children through
or method of cooking' in paragraph 4 is :
all the conflicting views and make the voice
of reason be heard? Children today question (i) Cuisine (ii) Gourmet
choices and prefer to go with the flow. (iii) Gastric (iv) Science
Oswal Solved Papers 11

(c) The antonym of 'agreeable' as given in • Number of batches
paragraph 5 is ......... . • Transport facilities

(d) The antonym of 'simple' as given in • Fee structure
paragraph 6 is : • Joining date
(i) difficult (ii) complicated I request you to furnish all the other necessary
(iii) easy (iv) tricky details by sending me the brochure.
Ans. (a) injured (b) (i) cuisine Looking forward to an early reply!
(c) conflicting (d) (ii) complicated Thank you
SECTION – B Yours faithfully
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR) 30 Vishal/Apoorva
3. You are Vipul/Apoorva, living at D-424, OR
Island Avenue, Ernakulam. You have seen IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISE
an advertisement about a diploma course AND NUTRITIOUS FOOD
in French language soon to be organized By Raj/Rani
by Maxwell Institute of Languages, Fort In today’s fast-paced age where every
Road, Kochi. Write a letter in 100-150 words individual is running from pillar to post
to the advertiser seeking all the relevant to make ends meet; even the young and
information like admission procedure, fee old are getting trapped. The millennial
structure, duration of the course, timing of culture of bonded corporate labourers from
the class, transport facilities etc. [8] ‘Monday to Friday’ and ‘party animals’ over
OR the weekends is taking a severe toll on our
You are disturbed to find that most of the mental, physical, and emotional health. One
youngsters nowadays are falling prey to is so busy accumulating likes on social media
the fast food culture, overeating and lazy and looking forward to the next appraisal
life style. Write an article on the topic, cycle or planning the holiday destination that
'Importance of exercise and nutritious food'. he neglects what is he feeding his mind and
You are Raj/Rani. (100-150 words) body with.
Ans. D-424, Island Avenue Youngsters today are struggling to reach
their classes or office on time; thanks to the
Ernakulam
ever-growing traffic and their lazy life-styles.
12th March, 20XX Home-cooked healthy meals have become
once-in-a-while retreat. Exercise is something
The Administrator Incharge
that one enjoys watching the social media
Maxwell Institute of Languages influencers perform in their videos because
Kochi the youngsters have ‘no time for it’.
Sub.: Inquiry about the procedure for joining One must sit back and ponder how long will
the institute he be able to run with such unhealthy lifestyle
Sir, and dietary habits? Our country’s future
depends on the shoulders of the youth and
With
reference to your advertisement in ‘The hence, these shoulders need to stay healthy
Times of India’, dated 10th March 20XX, I am and strong. One must make an effort to eat
attempting the International Test for French a home-cooked balanced diet along with a
Language Learners and want to opt for the minimum of 4 days of exercise in a week to
diploma course in French Language offered
keep his mind and body strong.
by your institute.
4. Write a story in 150-200 words with the help
I need some information regarding the of the following clues. [10]
diploma course so that I can enroll for the
Last year in the month of December, I went to
same.
my native village where my grand parents live
Kindly provide me with the following details : in a cottage on the foothills of the Himalayas.
• Duration of the course One day, I was standing on the edge of a dense
• Timings of the classes forest. Suddenly ......... .
OR figure was almost 10 feet tall with a large round
It was an amazing day, full of fun and frolic. We head. It had a thick green skin and webbed feet
all stood aghast to see a strange flying object and hands. There was a screen-like object on its
over our heads. We started ......... . chest which displayed the text and produced
Ans. Last year in the month of December, I went to sound. It was an alien!
my native village where my grandparents live The alien did not have a mouth but a large
in a cottage on the foothills of the Himalayas. eye in the centre of his face. With two big ears
One day, I was standing on the edge of a over its large head, it could only talk through
dense forest. Suddenly, I heard a loud thud. the screen which said, “Please don’t be scared!
All the birds flew away with a not-so-pleasant We have come from space. We are not here to
chirping sound and I ran towards the source harm you but to inform you that the Earth is in
of the sound. What I saw made my heart skip danger. The pollution that humans are creating
a beat. on Earth is damaging the planet greatly. Please
stop it before it’s too late.”
A large ferocious bear was shot and there was
a large gathering of people around the body of I could hardly listen to the complete information
the animal. He was still breathing but was too when suddenly I opened my eyes. I looked
injured to get up. The forest officials who had around and it was dark. I was dreaming! Hush!
shot him were making calls to get the animal I lifted myself up in the bed. As I was trying to
transported. sleep again, I wondered whether aliens exist?
And if they do, is our earth really in danger?
On listening to the villagers, I figured out Thinking about these questions, I went back to
that the animal was causing a great threat sleep again.
to the villagers. He had attacked and killed
5. Fill in the blanks in the paragraph given
five people in the past few days. On several
below by choosing the most appropriate
complaints made to the forest department,
options from the ones that follow. Write the
the bear was finally caught after a struggling
answers in your answer sheet against the
operation.
correct blank numbers. [1 × 4 = 4]
I felt bad for the bear who was lying in a pool of

Reading books …(a)… a good hobby. Books
blood and I questioned his activity as in, would
open …(b)… vast new world to us. They
the bear have attacked humans if this beautiful
increase …(c)… knowledge and change our
green forest was left untouched for animals
outlook …(d)… the world.
to thrive? Won’t humans attack in defense if
animals entered our sky-soaring complexes (a) (i) has (ii) was
and apartment? Then why can’t animals (iii) are (iv) is
do the same in their defense? And these (b) (i) the (ii) a
questions made me feel sorry for the tortured (iii) an (iv) some
animals. (c) (i) his (ii) one‘s
OR (iii) our (iv) your
(d) (i) towards (ii) for

It was an amazing day, full of fun and frolic. We
all stood aghast to see a strange flying object (iii) by (iv) from
over our heads. We started running here and Ans. (a) (iv) is (b) (ii) a
there as it approached the ground. There was (c) (iii) our (d) (i) towards
dust all around and the object made a loud 6. The following paragraph has not been edited.
ringing sound as it descended. I tried to look There is an error in each line. Write the
through the dust what was happening but all error along with its correction in the space
I could see was that the lower section of the provided. [1 × 4 = 4]
object opened and a strong beam of light came ErrorCorrection
out from it. Spending time for their kids brings (a)

Suddenly, some strange figures came out of the immediate as well as long-last (b)
object. I shivered and held my mother’s arm as gain for a parents. According to a (c)
tightly as I could. The figure came right in front
research, children with (d)
of us and before I could faint or understand
what was happening, it started talking. The concerned parents are more efficient.
Ans. Error Correction (b) The crown of the oak lies in its
(a) for with
(i) top must branch (ii) roots
(b) last lasting (ii) rich and tasty fruit (iv) broad leaves
(c) A the (c) The winds are rushing to meet the ........... .
(d) with of (d) Find the word from the extract which means
7. Rearrange the following groups of word/ the same as ‘‘shine‘‘.
phrases to make meaningful sentences. Ans. (a) (i) a spy
[1 × 4 = 4] (b) (ii) he thought the police had come
(a) is / as / known / Jaipur / Pink City. (c) waiter

(b) in the / are / buildings / city / in pink colour/ (d) nervously
painted / most of the OR

(c) have made / a popular / it / its historical (a) (iv) Adrienne Rich
buildings / destination / tourist. (b) (i) top most branch

(d) go there / one / bus / from Delhi / can easily/
(c) trees that are stumbling forward into the
by
night
Ans. (a) Jaipur is known as Pink City.
(d) flash
(b) Most of the buildings in the city are painted
in pink colour. 9. Answer any five of the following questions
(c) Its historical buildings have made it a in 30-40 words each. [2 × 5 = 10]
popular tourist destination. (a) What were Lencho‘s feelings when the hail
(d) One can easily go there from Delhi by bus. stopped?
(b) Why did Peggy and Maddie not wait for
SECTION – C
Wanda?
(LITERATURE) 30
(c) Why does the poet use the term ‘noble‘
8. Read the extract given below and answer and ‘wild‘ for the tiger? (How to Tell Wild
the questions that follow : [1 × 4 = 4] Animals)**
Max bit his lip nervously. The knocking was
(d) What was the major flaw in Tricki?
repeated.
“What will you do now, Max?‘‘ Ausable (e) What made the boys follow Griffin?
asked. ‘‘If I do not answer the door, they will (f) How is Ausable different from other secret
enter anyway. The door is unlocked. And they agents?**
will not hesitate to shoot‘‘. Ans.
(a) Who is Max? (a) After the hail stopped, Lencho’s soul was
(i) a spy (ii) a tourist filled with sadness. He could see a bleak
(iii) a businessman (iv) A waiter future for him and his family. He was worried
(b) Max became nervous because : about the lack of food for the coming year.
(i) he got scared of Ausable. (b) Maddie and Peggy didn’t wait for Wanda on
(ii) he thought the police had come. that day because Mrs Mason, their teacher,
was to announce the winners of the drawing
(iii) the door was unlocked.
and colouring competition. So, it was an
(iv) Ausable did not get up to open the door. important day which they didn’t want to be
(c) Actually the door was knocked at by the ..... . late for.
(d) Which word in the extract is opposite in (d) The major flaw in Tricki was his greed. He
meaning to the word ‘confidently‘? could tackle a meal at any hour of the day due
OR to which, he had gained an excessive weight
....... Winds rust to meet them. that turned him to a lazy and unhealthy
The moon is broken like a mirror, animal.
Its pieces flash now in the crown of the tallest (e) As Griffin was invisible, his footprints
oak. appeared out of nowhere on the snow. The
(a) The above lines were written by boys saw the footprints without any feet
(i) Robert Frost (ii) John Berryman and were amazed. That’s why they started
(ii) Robin Klein (iv) Adrienne Rich following the footprints which were of
Griffin.
** Answer is not given due to the change in present syllabus.
10. Attempt the following question in 100-150 The poet desires to imbibe these selfless and
words. [8] natural qualities of animals.

What lesson did Kisa Gotami learn the second 11. Attempt the following question in 100-150
time that she had failed to learn the first time? words. [8]
OR Write a character sketch of the hack driver.

Which qualities of animals has the poet lost OR
and now wants to regain? Answer with What do you know about Bishamber Nath?
reference to the poem, ‘Animals‘. Why did Bholi refuse to marry him?
Ans. Kisa Gotami understood that death is Ans. The hack driver seemed to be a simple
common to all and that she was being selfish countryman at his first appearance who was
in her grief. She understood this only the ready to help the narrator. The lawyer was
second time because it was then that she in search of Lutkins and hence, the hack
found that there was not a single house where driver took him to various places where he
somebody’s beloved had not died. might find Lutkins. The next day, the case
came up in court. As he was unable to find
At the first time, she was only thinking about
Lutkins, the lawyer was asked to go back to
her grief and was therefore, asking for a
New Mullion with a man who had worked
medicine that could bring back her son. At
with Lutkins. The lawyer was shocked to find
second time, when she met Buddha, he asked
that the hack driver himself was Lutkins. He
her to get a handful of mustard seeds from
felt humiliated and learned not to be hasty
a house where no one had ever died. He did
in judging a person.
this purposely to make her realise that there
was not a single house where no beloved had Bill told the lawyer that Lutkins was a
ever died, and that death is natural. When she hard fellow to catch . He was always up to
went to all the houses for the second time, something or the other. He owed money to
she felt dejected that she could not gather many people, including Bill, and had never
the mustard seeds. Then, when she sat and even paid anybody a cent. He also said that
thought about it, she realised that the fate of Lutkins played a lot of poker and was good
men is such that they live and die. Death is at deceiving people.
common to all. This was what Buddha had OR
intended her to understand. Bishamber was a middle-aged man. He
OR was nearly as old as Bholi’s father. He
limped while walking. He also had children

The poet wants to regain the qualities of from his first wife. He had a big house
animals as in, animals are natural and do not and a shop and also a lot of money in the
adapt to material goods like human beings bank. He agreed to marry Bholi without
do. This natural aspect of animals has helped demanding dowry. But when he came to
them maintain their values. Humans, in order marry her on the day of wedding, he asked for
to possess more and more, have forgotten ` 5000 to marry Bholi after seeing the pock
their kindness and innocence. scars on her face. Bholi’s father Ramlal

Animals do not complain about their begged him to not demand for dowry but
situation, they are considered to be happier Bishamber stuck to his demand. Ramlal
than humans. Animals live in natural placed his turban at his feet but Bishamber
surroundings, they accept their natural lives. was not moved. At last, Ramlal went in and
Humans, on the other hand, have never opened his locker and came out with ` 5000
accepted nature, i.e., they complain about it and placed the money at Bishamber’s feet.
and try to change it, leading to an unhappy But Bholi refused to marry such a mean
life. and greedy person and decided to remain
Animals are free from any possession and are unmarried to take care of her parents.
also free from sins, worries and complaints.
ll
Outside Delhi [Set-II]

Note : Except for the following questions, all several unfavourable dwelling conditions
the remaining questions have been asked in the such as crowded living, lack of potable water,
previous sets. insanitary conditions and poor power supply.
Moreover, these slum areas give rise to
SECTION – B contaminated diseases that spread around
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR) 30 causing great deal of discomfort. I request
3. Slums are spreading more than the planned you to kindly take some strict actions against
townships. The life in the slums is miserable. this and provide a lucrative solution for the
Crowded living, lack of drinking water, citizens.
insanitary conditions, poor power supply etc., Thank you
are causing a lot of suffering to the people.
Yours faithfully
Write a letter in 100 – 150 words to the editor
of a national newspaper drawing attention of Udit/Udita
the concerned authorities to this problem and OR
asking for a proper solution. You are Udit/ ROAD SAFETY
Udita, 26 Latouche Road. Kanpur. [8]
By Ramesh/Rita
OR With an increasing number of vehicles on the
Roads in our cities are fast turning into death roads, commuters violating the traffic rules
traps, Eight out of ten road accidents are are also increasing. In a hurry to reach their
caused by people who don’t follow rules of destination, commuters don’t think twice
the road. Write an article in 100 – 150 words before neglecting the red light or turning a
on the topic, ‘Road Safety’. You are Ramesh/
deaf ear to the appeals by the traffic cops to
Rita.
follow the road safety rules.
Ans. 26 Latouche Road
Road safety rules are meant for public safety
Kanpur
and to keep the traffic congestion in check.
10th May, 20XX Eight out of ten road accidents are caused by
The Editor the people who don’t follow rules of the road.
The Hindu Walking along the road side or driving on a
Kanpur busy road is as dangerous as falling into a
death trap these days.
Sub. : Spreading of slum areas in the city
Wearing a helmet, seat-belt, slowing down
Sir, near a school or keeping left are some of the
Through the column of your esteemed basic habits that a commuter is expected to
newspaper, I would like to draw your follow while driving or riding on the road but
attention to the increasing number of slums to no avail. It is convenient to ignore them and
in the city which is creating inconvenience focus on your destination putting the lives of
to not only the slum dwellers but also to the others in danger.
neighbouring colonies.
Recently, an open area in the RR Nagar was Travellers should, however, realise that
converted to a slum within three months. Also, change cannot be brought by a single person.
one can find a slum in every locality of the We should join hands together and vow to
city currently. Slums are spreading more than follow the traffic rules. Abiding by the traffic
the planned township and this is disfiguring rules will only help us in having a smooth
the city’s face. Slum areas are a home to traffic flow and prevent road accidents.
SECTION – C she could not see them clearly while sitting.
(LITERATURE) 30 On her return journey, she enjoyed the
10. Attempt the following question in 100 – 150 same natural sights around but her face
words. [8] fell when she saw a dead cow hit by a fast

Why and when did the narrator say that moving vehicle. The memory of the dead
‘everything’ was going well, it was an easy cow haunted Valli. She no longer wanted
flight.’? (Black Aeroplane) to see out of the window and kept sitting
on her seat until her village came. She got
OR
down and wished the conductor to see him

How did Valli fulfil her desire to ride a bus again. The conductor smiled. He told Valli
to the town and back? that whenever she felt like riding the bus she
Ans. This excerpt is from the short story “Black could come and join them.
Aeroplane”. Frederick Forsyth was the pilot 11. Attempt the following question in 100 – 150
who describes his strange flight experience words. [8]
he had in this story. The story is about a pilot

What other interests, besides Science, did
who got lost in a dark cloud during his flight
Richard Ebright pursue? What did Mr.
from Paris to London and was guided by a
Kleiherer, his Social Studies teacher, tell us
strange airplane that had appeared in the
about Ebright?
middle of that cloud.
OR
The flight of old Dakota started in Paris and
headed towards England. It was an easy
Compare and contrast the characters of Great
flight, the sky was clear and the weather and Mighty Think Tank and Noodles.**
was fine. When it reached 150 km away Ans. Richard Ebright was interested in science
from Paris, it suddenly confronted huge since childhood but he also had many other
black storm clouds. It only had limited fuel interests. He was a passionate public speaker
to take him to England. He could go back to and was an important part of Debating
Paris but he decided to take the risk and go Society and Model United Nations Club. He
through the storm clouds because he wanted was an enthusiastic photographer, especially
to spend the holiday with his family. interested in nature and scientific exhibits.
OR He was also a canoeist and enjoyed the
outdoors.
Valli was an eight-year-old girl who had a
strong desire to take a bus ride. She heard Mr. Kleiherer said that Ebright would always
the people around talking about bus rides put extra effort. Not only did he put in three
and silently gathered all the information or four hours at night engaging himself in
required before she took her first ride. She debate research but would also do all his
saved every single penny possible so that research with butterflies and deal with his
she could take a return journey in the bus. other areas of interest. Mr. Kleiherer was of
Eventually, one afternoon when Valli’s the opinion that Ebright was competitive
mother was taking an afternoon nap post in a true sense. He didn’t want to win just
lunch, Valli sneaked out of the house for her for the sake of winning but to accomplish
first bus ride. his ambition and contribute the best that
he could in this field. In fact, Mr. Kleiherer
She boarded the bus on her own and
always said, “For the right reasons, he wants
shunned the conductor when he offered help
to be the best.”
and called her ‘madam’. She stood up on the
seat to enjoy the views around the bus when ll
Outside Delhi [Set-III]

Note : Except for the following questions, all of potable water and this issue should be
the remaining questions have been asked in the immediately addressed.
previous sets. In order to avoid a situation like last year, I
request you to kindly look into the matter and
SECTION – B ** take the necessary measures.
Thank you
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR) 30
Yours faithfully
3. You are Shammi/Sapna, resident of 12 Mall
Road, Agra. You have noticed that majority Shammi/Sapna
of the water taps in your colony keep on OR
leaking. Also water drips from various joints IMPORTANCE OF OUTDOOR
in the supply pipes. All these lead to a big GAMES
wastage of potable water. Write a letter of By Rani/Raj
complaint to the Municipal Commissioner, Running, jumping and moving around
Agra Municipal Corporation requesting him in open fields gives a boost to your blood
to get the necessary repairs done. (100 – 150 circulation. It helps one to involve in physical
words) [8] activity that keeps the mind alert and the body
OR active. Physical activity in the form of outdoor
Outdoor games occupy a prominent place games thus, is very important. It not only
in the life of people. They not only help in helps in keeping one healthy but also plays an
keeping them healthy and fit but also play an important part as recreational events.
important part as recreational events. Write Since olden days, spending time with nature
an article in 100 – 150 words on, ‘‘Importance has been encouraged in the form of rituals and
of Outdoor Games.’’ You are Raj/Rani. traditions. Walking towards distant temples,
Ans. 12 Mall Road circumnavigating trees or holy fires have been
Agra ways in which outdoor activities have been
25th August, 20XX encouraged and promoted.
Advanced outdoor games such as baseball,
The Municipal Commissioner football, hockey, cricket, etc., helps one to
Agra Municipal Corporation indulge into physical movement of the body.
Agra This movement keeps you fit and active. It
also boosts your immunity and improves
Sub. : Requesting immediate repair of water resilience as well as resistance.
pipes
It is advisable for both young and old to spend
Sir, a minimum of 40 minutes daily indulging
I am a resident of Mall Road, Agra and have into any outdoor physical activity. Outdoor
noticed that there are more than 12 leaking games also help one to imbibe values such as
taps in our colony as well as the neighbouring sportsmanship, team spirit and celebrating
areas. Also, there has been a lot of wastage victory and failure with enthusiasm.
of water from the supply pipes due to the
leakage at various joints. SECTION – C
Last summer, Agra faced a huge water crisis (LITERATURE) 30
and the residents had to rely on paid water 10. Attempt the following question in 100 – 150
tanks to fulfill the need of water. Shortage of words. [8]
potable water had led to the inconvenience
Why were the children fascinated by the
amongst the citizens. This year, leaking
taps and pipes are causing massive wastage baker? How did they show their eagerness
to see him?
OR fifteen but was an experienced and fairly

Why does the poet not offer money to the boy successful hand. Circumstances made him
to buy another ball? a thief. In spite of being of no use to Anil,
he was retained to work for him. They say
Ans. The baker or the pader used to be an
old habits die hard. After all, a thief couldn’t
essential part of the Goan’s life. He sold
leave stealing and cheating. He made a rupee
bread in different shapes and tastes which
every day from the buying of the day’s
was a popular part of the Goan cuisine. The
supplies. However, Anil was not a fool. He
children were not fascinated by the baker’s
knew everything about the theft. But he
jingle or by the loaves of bread he sold but
was kind, large-hearted and full of human
attracted by the bread bangles or the special
sympathy. He taught the unfortunate boy
sweet bread that he sold.The children would
to write his name. He also promised him to
know about his arrival from the ‘jhang, jhang’
write sentences and add numbers. This left
sound of his bamboo stick. They would run
a deep impression on Hari Singh. He started
to meet and greet him. They tried to surround
realising that education could bring him
the basket but were pushed aside until the
respect and money.
bread was delivered to the maid. Then they
were allowed to choose their bread-bangles. Hari Singh breached Anil’s trust but Anil
was all forgiving and compassionate. In
The bread-bangles fascinated the children
the heat and excitement of theft, Hari Singh
and made them eager for the arrival of the
forgot about education. Then came the true
baker.
realisation and transformation. The boy-thief
OR realised that the only man who could help
The poet says “I will not intrude on him” him was the man he had robbed a few hours
because the boy, for the first time in his life, ago. Then he realised the value of education
experiences the grief of losing a much loved that could give him respect and more money
possession, i.e., his ball. He does not want to than he could get by stealing. He realised
disturb the boy as he wants him to feel what where he should go. Large-hearted Anil
it is like to lose something. The poet wants not only forgave him but also gave him a
him to be able to cope with his loss. fifty-rupee note, and promised to pay him
He does not offer him ‘money’ to buy another regularly.
ball because he wants the boy to understand OR
that money cannot buy everything. He
wants him to be responsible enough to
The hack driver told the narrator that Lutkins’
let go of things and move on in life. Once mother was a terror. He also told him that she
something is lost, it may never be restored. was about nine feet tall and four feet thick.
This realisation will help him have a mature He also told him that once he had taken a
outlook towards life. trunk for her at her farmhouse. She almost
had taken his skin off because he had not
11. Attempt the following question in 100 – 150
treated the trunk like a box of eggs.
words. [8]
The narrator and Bill went to Lutkins‘

Education, love and sympathy can transform
farmyard and found an enormous and
even a thief. How is it true in the case of Hari
cheerful old woman. Bill asked Lutkins’
Singh?
mother to inform him about her son. The
OR lady said she did not know about him. Bill

What did the hack driver tell the narrator then told that the narrator was a lawyer
about Lutkin’s mother? How did she treat and came to search her property. Lutkins,
the narrator? mother invited them both in the kitchen and
then took out an iron rod from the stove and
Ans. Man is a product of circumstances and
threatened them to burn them with it. She
environment. Hari Singh was just a boy of
chased them out and laughed at them.
ll
Delhi [Set-I] 2020
Note : Except for the following questions, all made digitally when we’ll receive the order.
the remaining questions have been asked in the So, do let us know the date by which you will
deliver these goods.
previous sets.
Looking forward to hearing from you !
Yours truly,
SECTION – B
Vaibhavi Sinha
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR) 30 Examination Incharge
3. You are Vaibhavi Sinha, examination incharge. OR
Goodway Public School. Aurobindo Road, NEED OF THE HOUR : RAINWATER
Indore. You require 4 reams of white paper, HARVESTING
2 packets of carbon paper, one dozen registers,
By Ram/Rama
blue and red ball point pens (50 each). Place an
order with Sunrise Stationery Mart. 12 Mall Increasing population along with the
Road, Indore mentioning terms of payment, pollution and negligence towards the need of
discount asked by you and delivery date (100 conservation of water has led to water crisis
– 150 words) [8] around the globe. As an after effect, it has
OR depleted the water table so much so that there
Water scarcity is becoming a serious problem is no water left enough for basic needs. In such
because sources of water are getting depleted a situation, we need to adopt certain measures
day by day. Considering the gravity of the that will enable conservation of water for the
situation, write an article in 100-150 words times in distress.
on the topic, “Need of the Hour : Rainwater Rainwater harvesting is a method to collect
Harvesting.‘‘ You are Ram/Rama. the rain water into natural reservoirs or man-
Ans. Goodway Public School made tanks. It is a technique to collect and
Aurobindo Road store rainwater for various purposes. The
Indore most common and easy method of rainwater
harvesting is rooftop harvesting. Using this
20th September, 20XX technique, we can collect clean rainwater in
the rainy season. This water has a good shelf-
Sunrise Stationery Mart
life and can be used for household purposes
12 Mall Road like gardening, livestock, irrigation, etc.
Indore
It helps in reducing water supply loads and
Sub. : Purchase of stationery items electricity bills of municipality, provides free
water supply, used for crop production in
Sir, rural areas, etc.
I wish to place a bulk order of stationery
goods for the school for the academic session Rainwater harvesting system helps in reducing
the insecurity of households or individuals
20XX-20XX. The particulars of the goods and
for water in the rural areas. It provides easy
their quantity to be supplied are given below:
and low cost water supply thus, helps in
S.No. Particulars Quantity agriculture and many other fields.
1. White paper 4 reams 4. Write a story in 150-200 words with the help
2. Carbon paper 2 packets of the following outline. Give it a suitable
title also. [10]
3. Register 1 dozen
A cricket match .............. boys playing in the
4. Blue ballpoint pens 50 units street .............. Ram hit the ball .............. a
5. Red ballpoint pens 50 units second floor window pane broken ..............
As we are your regular customer, kindly give OR
us the maximum discount on the placed order Ahmad went to watch Diwali Mela with his
and send us the stationery items from the parents. He wanted to enjoy a ride in the merry
fresh lot. The payment of these goods will be go-round. His father ..............
20 English (Language and Literature) 2020 (Delhi)
Ans. THE LAST MATCH counter and asked him to sit there while he
Every year, as the summer vacation began, tried to locate his parents.
bats, balls and stumps were cleaned and Ahmad was so tensed when he was offered
installed on the street in front of our society. an ice-cream by another policeman sitting at
Scorching heat of the sun and our sweating the counter that he refused it because all he
bodies was an yearly scenario for the kids wanted then was to meet his parents. He heard
of the society. The best part about these his name being called out on the loudspeaker
afternoon cricket matches was the breaks that which made him shiver. “A 6-year-old boy,
involved any one of the mothers getting exotic Ahmad has got lost in the fair. He is with
soft drinks for us to drink and rejuvenate our us at the Help counter. Ahmad’s parents are
energies. requested to collect him from here”, said the
On one such afternoon, when an intense announcement.
match was going on between our society and Before Ahmad could process the information,
the one on the opposite side of the street; he saw his parents running towards him. His
Ram, our best batsman, was in his complete mother was crying profusely holding him
enthusiasm. It was crucial for us to win this tightly. His father thanked the cops for their
match as the challenge was tough and it was a help and apologised for the inconvenience
matter of pride and honour to win against the caused. Ahmad too thanked the policemen for
opposite society. helping him and promised to be more careful
As Rakesh bowled, Ram swung his bat with next time.
full force and the ball went at lightning speed. 5. Fill in any four of the following blanks given
Little did we know that this speed will make below choosing the most appropriate options
us run helter-skelter because the ball went from the ones that follow. Write the answers
through the glass window of the second floor in your answer sheet against the correct blank
of a building. The sound of the shattering numbers. [1 × 4 = 4]
glass silenced the cheers of us all and we ran Communication …(a)… become very effective
before getting caught. Ram was standing at …(b)… instant due to smart phones. People
his position waiting for the house owners to are able …(c)… convery their message all
come out in their balcony. around the globe to …(d)… loved ones …(e)…
A short old lady approached the balcony with spending hefty sums of money.
the ball in her hand. She looked at us with (a) (i) is (ii) has
furious red eyes. We were trembling looking (iii) have (iv) had
at her face from behind the building wall.
(b) (i) but (ii) as
She then looked at Ram and summoned him
(iii) or (iv) and
upstairs. We don’t know what happened next
but thereafter, our cricket matches never took (c) (i) for (ii) in
place in the street. (iii) to (iv) of
OR (d) (i) his (ii) her
THE FAIR (iii) their (iv) your
Ahmad went to watch Diwali Mela with his (e) (i) with (ii) without
parents. He wanted to enjoy a ride in the (iii) and (iv) to
merry-go-round. His father bought him a Ans. (a) (ii) has (b) (iv) and
ticket and asked him to enjoy the ride. He (c) (iii) to (d) (iii) their
was so excited to ride the merry-go-round

(e) (ii) without
that he ran towards the long queue leaving
his parents behind. Lost in his thoughts and
6. The following paragraph has not been
excitement, Ahmad soon realised that he has edited. There is an error in each line. Write
reached the end of the queue all alone. His the error along with its correction in the
parents were no where to be seen. space provided. [1 × 4 = 4]
A worried little Ahmad was on the verge of Error Correction
breaking down when he saw a policeman Tallam is situated in an (a)
patrolling through the streets of the fair. He altitude of about 550 feet on a southern (b)
ran towards the cop and told him that he is arm of a deep bay of the Western Ghats. (c)
lost. The policeman took Ahmad to the ‘Help’ Tallam boasts of delight forest scenery. (d)
Ans. Error Correction (ii) got afraid of the man with a pistol
(a) in at (iii) was thrilled to have reached his room
(b) a the (iv) started thinking of how to get rid of the
(c) of in man.
(d) delight delightful (c) Fowler was thrilled because what he saw
7. Look at the words and phrases given looked like a................
below. Rearrange them to form meaningful (d) Which word in the extract means the same as
sentences. [1 × 4 = 4] ‘genuine/real’?
(a) easy/very/it/to open/it/was Ans.
(b) to sleep/night/decided/every/they/a hotel/in (a) (iii) Walt Whitman
(c) quickly/very/the clothes/they/and food/ (b) (i) animals
packed. (c) wants to see if they sweat and whine about
their conditions.
(d) the/problem/bags/heavy/in carrying/had/they
(d) whine
Ans.
9. Answer any five of the following questions
(a) It was very easy to open it.
in 30-40 words each. [2 x 5 = 10]
(b) They decided to sleep in a hotel every night.
(a) “The sight of the food maddened him.‘‘ What
(c) They packed the clothes and food very quickly. does this suggest? (His First Flight)
(d) They had problems in carrying the heavy bags. (b) Why does the poet not offer the boy money
SECTION – C to buy another ball?
(LITERATURE) 30 (c) Why is Coorg called the land of rolling hills?
8. Read the extract given below and answer (d) What made Hari Singh come back to Anil?
the questions that follow : [1 × 4 = 4] (e) Why was Matilda unhappy in her early

I stand and look at them long and long. married life?
They do not sweat and whine about their (f) Describe the curious episode which took place
condition. in a clergyman‘s study.
(a) The poet who has written these lines Ans.
is …………… (a) The young seagull was very hungry. His
(i) Robert Frost (ii) Carbolyn Wells mother had a piece of fish in her beak and
(iii) Walt Whitman (iv) Ogden Nash she was teasing the young seagull with it.
(b) Who are ‘they’ referred to here? Because the sight of the food “maddened”
(i) Animals (ii) Tigers him, he wanted to snatch it from his mother.
(iii) Ananda’s friends (iv) Wanda’s dresses (b) The poet does not offer the boy money
(c) The poet looks at them long and long because to buy another ball because he wants the
he................ boy to understand that money cannot buy
(d) Which word in the extract means ‘complain‘? everything. He wants him to be responsible
OR enough to let go of things which he lost and
move on in life.
And as the light came on. Fowler had his
(c) Coorg is called the land of rolling hills because
first authentic thrill of the day. For halfway
across the room, a small automatic pistol in it has a lot of hills and is itself a hill station.
his hand, stood a man. The hills seem to roll down in a panoramic
view.
Ausable blinked a few times.**
(d) Hari Singh returned to Anil because he
(a) Who was standing in the room with a pistol realised his mistake that he had robbed his
in his hand?
most trustful person. Anil’s kindness, love
(i) Ausable (ii) Fowler and help provided to Hari Singh, made him
(iii) Max (iv) A waiter repent his mistake and brought him back to
(b) Ausable blinked because he : Anil.

(i) was getting adjusted to the light (e) Matilda was unhappy in her early married life
because she was married to a clerk working at
the Ministry of Public Instruction, who could which her teacher, Mr. Keesing, appreciated
not satisfy Matilda’s all desires for an elegant a lot. This shows that she was a determined
and luxurious life-style. and strong spirited girl.
(f) The clergyman and his wife heard noises 11. Attempt the following question in 100 – 150
in their study. They got up and went words. [8]
downstairs. They heard the chink of money Give a brief character sketch of Ebright‘s
as if someone was taking out the money from mother.
the clergyman’s desk. They opened the door.
He and his wife search behind the curtains OR
but they found nobody there, still the money How did the people on the earth help the
was missing. Thus, it was a curious thing that Martian people? How did this effort help the
happened in their study. people on both the planets?**
10. Attempt the following question in 100-150 Ans. Richard H. Ebright’s mother was an important
words : [8] driving force behind him who laid the
What things does Mij do which tell you that foundation of his success . Ebright was her
he is an intelligent, friendly and fun loving only child whom she affectionately called
animal who needs love? ** ‘Richie’. After her husband’s death, her son
who was in third grade, was her whole life.
OR
She would encourage his interest in learning
What do you think about Anne‘s talent and would take him to trips, buy him
for writing essays which she wrote telescopes, microscopes, cameras, mounting
convincingly, when punished by the materials, and other equipments. She was
teacher? his only companion until he started school.
Ans. OR After that, she would bring home his friends
Anne was a young and talented girl. She was for him and at night be with him to do things
inquisitive and thirsty for knowledge. She together. She would spend almost every
had a flair for writing and tried to put her evening at the dining room table with her
best foot forward. When unable to receive son ‘Richie’, When he did not have things
appreciation from her teacher for the first to do, she would find work for him that
two essays that she had composed, she took would help him learn things. This support,
her friend, Sanne’s help to script the third guidance, care and concern of Ebright’s
one. She suggested Anne to write her essay mother, helped the growth of a curious child
in the form of a verse. Anne did the same. into an accomplished scientist.
She wrote her third essay in a verse-form ll
Delhi [Set-II]
Note : Except for the following questions, all immediate repair or replacement. Invent the
the remaining questions have been asked in the details of defects. [8]
previous sets. OR
Yoga is most important in everyone‘s life
SECTION – B as it helps in balancing the relationship
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR) 30 between body and mind. Write an article in
3. You are Kapil /Komal living at C-424. 100 - 150 words on the topic ‘‘Importance of
Sector-18, Green Park, New Delhi. You Yoga in our life’’. You are Ram/Rama.
bought a washing machine from Balaji Ans. C-424, Sector - 18
Electricals Private Limited, Lajpat Nagar, Green Park
New Delhi. It started giving a trouble wihin
New Delhi
a few days. Write a complaint, letter (100 -
150 words) to the Sales Manager seeking 20th November, 20XX
** Answer is not given due to the change in present syllabus. Balaji Electrical Private Limited
Lajpat Nagar and controlled movements of the body
New Delhi with controlled breathing. In order to make
people aware of yoga and its benefits, 21st
Sub. : Complaint about the Washing June is observed as the World Yoga Day or
Machine. International Yoga Day globally.
Sir, 10. Attempt the following question in 100 – 150
I am sorry to inform you that the Washing words. [8]
Machine which I bought from your shop Why was Nelson Mandela overwhelmed with
against cash memo No.200, dated 7th a sense of history? How did he succeed in
November with a two-year guarantee, ending the apartheid regime in South Africa?
stopped working well just after ten days. OR
Currently, the machine makes an unbear-
Describe the journey of Sidhartha Gautama
able noise and the motor tears the delicate
becoming the Buddha.
fabrics.
Ans. Mandela was overwhelmed with a sense
All these problems are causing a great
of history because in the first decade of the
inconvenience and I feel cheated. I, therefore,
twentieth century which was even before
request you to remove the fault if it is minor
his own birth, the white-skinned people of
or replace it with a new one as per the
South Africa patched up their differences and
conditions in the guarantee certificate. Your
erected a system of racial domination against
quick action will be highly appreciated.
the dark-skinned people of their own land.
Yours truly,
But now in the last decade of the twentieth
Komal/Kapil century, and his own eighth decade as a man,
OR that system had been overturned forever and
IMPORTANCE OF YOGA IN OUR replaced by the one that recognised the rights
LIFE and freedoms of all people, regardless of the
By Ram/Rama colour of their skin.
Yoga is India’s gift to the world. Originating Nelson Mandela set the ideals of liberating
from the Sanskrit language, the word ‘Yoga’ people from the bondage of poverty,
has two meanings, one is union and another deprivation and suffering. He had also set
one is discipline. Practicing yoga teaches
the ideal for a society where there would be
us about the body and mind discipline by
no discrimination based on the gender or
uniting or connecting both entities together
racial origin of the person.
with a smooth and steady flow of breath.
It is a spiritual practice used to meditate OR
in the early morning to balance body and Gautama Buddha began his life as a
mind while staying in sync with nature. royal prince. He was named Siddhartha
It was practiced earlier by the people of Gautama. At twelve, Gautama was sent
religions like Hindu, Buddha and Jain. It is away for schooling in the Hindu sacred
an amazing type of exercise which makes
scriptures. At the age of sixteen, he returned
life better by controlling the body and mind.
home to marry a princess. The prince was
Yoga is a science of living a healthy life. It is
deliberately shielded from all sufferings of
like a medicine which treats various diseases
the world by his family. But this attempt
gradually by regularising the functioning of
was failed when the prince chanced upon
body organs.
a sick man while he was out hunting. Then,
Yoga is a controlled practice of body he saw a weak aged man and a funeral
movements and breathing. It enhances the
procession. Finally, he saw a monk, begging
core and mind strength by connecting both
for alms. These sights of suffering, sickness
to nature. It can be practiced by people
and decay, shocked the prince. He wanted
at any age, i.e., childhood, teenage, adult-
to seek the final solution of all these sorrows
hood or old age. It results into safe, slow
and sufferings. He wandered for seven years
in search of enlightenment. Finally, he sat to differentiate between right and wrong?
down under a fig tree. He meditated there Education totally changed her personality.
until he was enlightened after seven days. Even then she behaved like an obedient
He renamed the tree as the Bodhi Tree or the girl and agreed to marry Bishamber who
Tree of Wisdom. He then finally came to be was fifty years old. She could not stand his
known as the ‘Buddha’, the ‘Awakened’ or demand of dowry hence, she refused to fulfil
the Enlightened one. The Buddha gave his Bishamber’s demand of five thousand rupees
first sermon at Benares on the River Ganges. and denied marrying him. Thus, education
changed her attitude towards her life.
11. Attempt the following question in 100 – 150
OR
words [8]
Griffin was a scientist who swallowed a
How did education change Bholi‘s
drug to make his body transparent. Though
personality?
he was brilliant-minded, he was a lawless
OR person. When the landlord tried to eject him
How did Griffin‘s invisibility come to from his house, he set fire to the landlord’s
his help whenever he found himself in house and escaped after becoming invisible.
trouble? He entered a store to wear clothes in order
Ans. Bholi used to be a meek girl. She had to protect himself from the cold. When the
pockmarks on her entire body. Her brain got assistants chased him, he became invisible
damaged when she was just ten months old. again by removing his clothes. He robbed
She was also a slow learner. She could not the shopkeeper of the theatrical goods .
speak till she was five. Later on, she suffered Later, when he was short of money, his
from stammering while speaking. invisibility helped him to steal money from
the Clergyman’s study. When the Constable
She was sent to school just for a formality.
tried to catch the headless scientist, he threw
Her parents were not serious about her
off one garment after another and became
studies. But her teacher changed her life.
totally invisible. In this way, his invisibility
She encouraged her to speak properly and
helped him to escape whenever he was in
to become independent. She taught Bholi
trouble.
what is good and what is bad? and how
ll
Delhi [Set-III]
Note : Except for the following questions, all of travelling by bus which is helpful in
the remaining questions have been asked in the reducting pollution. write an article in
previous sets. 100 – 150 words on the topic. “Use Public
Conveyance; Control Pollution.’’ Your are
SECTION – B Akshay/Akshita.
Ans. 23, Rampur Road
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR) 30
New Delhi
3. You are Akshay/Akshita, 23, Rampur Road,
Delhi, a responsible citizen of your country. 20th October, 20XX
When you go on the road, you see that the The Editor
people are becoming more intolerant of The Times of India
other, and driving their vechicles recklessly New Delhi
which some times leads to road rage. Write
Sub. : Appeal to follow traffic rules
a letter to the editor of a local newspaper
advising people to follow rules while Sir,
driving vehicles. (100 – 150 words) [8] Through the columns of your esteemed
newspaper, I would like to draw the
OR
attention of the commuters towards reckless
You go to your school travelling in a and negligent driving practised on the
government bus. You notice the benefits roads.
Recently, it has been observed that the the results of the drawing contest. They did
traffic is increasing day-by-day and in order not wait for Wanda. When the girls reached
to reach their destinations; commuters are their school, they were surprised. There were
violating the traffic rules. Reckless driving hundreds of designs of dresses displayed in
does not only lead to road accidents but also the room. Then Miss Mason announced the
causes unnecessary inconvenience to the names of the winners. Jack Beggles had won
fellow commuters. for the boys. She said that all the hundred
I request you to kindly look into the matter designs of dresses had been made by just one
and help in maintaining road safety. girl in the class and she had won the medal.
Yours truly, Her name was Wanda Petronski. But Wanda
Akshay/Akshita was absent. The children clapped their hands
in joy. Maddie asked Peggy to look at the
OR
blue dress about which Wanda had told them
USE PUBLIC CONVEYANCE; earlier. They appreciated the drawings made
CONTROL POLLUTION by Wanda.
By Akshita/Akshay 11. Attempt the following question in 100 – 150
With rapid population explosion and the words[8]
increase in the number of vehicles; traffic, Mrs. Pumphrey, the overindulgent and caring
noise pollution and air pollution is a daily mistress of Trick pampers her pet dog like a
sight. It causes inconvenience to one and spoiled child. Comment.
all. Air pollution which is one of the most OR
dangerous forms of pollution, is on a rise
What were Horace Danby‘s plans for his latest
due to vehicle exhaustion.
robbery?**
In order to curb the rising pollution,
Ans. Tricki was definitely more than a dog for Mrs
public transport such as buses, should be
Pumphrey. She treated him like a pampered
actively used. With good bus connectivity
child of hers. Tricki was earlier a small dog.
throughout the city; transport would be
The only cause of Tricki’s overweight was his
utilised at the optimum level. Traveling by
greed for food. Overfeeding and overdose
bus is not only cheaper than travelling on
of sweets, cakes and chocolates made Tricki
your own vehicle but also is a step towards
hugely fat. He became rheumy and listless.
pollution control.
His tongue lolled from his jaws. The doctor
Moreover, citizens can opt for car-pooling advised Mrs Pumphrey to keep Tricki on a
or alternative modes of transport such as very strict diet and make him do a plenty of
cycling, which will keep both their health exercises.
and pollution in check. Being vigilant Dr Herriot’s instructions were ignored by
citizens of the country, it becomes our moral Mrs Pumphrey. Tricki lost his appetite and
obligation to avail the services offered by started vomiting. Dr Herriot suggested Mrs
the government and work towards their Pumphrey that Tricki must be hospitalised
betterment. under his observation for a fortnight. Tricki
10. Attempt the following question in 100 – 150 was so attached to her that she almost fainted
words [10] merely at the thought of his separation.
Describe the scene in which Wanda‘s dress Tricki was highly pampered. The entire staff
drawings are displaced. Who won the and maids were ever-ready to pamper him
drawing contest for the girls? with fluffy beds, cushions, toys, etc.
OR Tricki’s recovery was amazingly rapid. He
What message does Adrienne Rich want to was not given food but plenty of water. After
convey through the Poem “The Trees‘‘.** a few days, Tricki started taking an interest
in his surroundings. He was transformed
Ans. On the next day of the contest, it was
into a flexible and hard-muscled dog. Tricki
drizzling. Peggy and Maddie hurried to
showed his love for his mistress by jumping
their school as Miss Mason would announce
onto her lap when she came to take him back
** Answer is not given due to the change in present syllabus. home. ll
Outside Delhi [Set-I] 2019
Time allowed : 3 Hours Maximum marks : 80
SECTION – A (a) Some people believe that if.......it will help them
(READING)20 be earlier.
1. Read the passage given below and answer the (b) Many others know..........they disregard it
questions that follow : [8] altogether.
(1) Keep your watch accurate. For some (c) Keep........in each room.
people, moving up the time on their (d) One of the things that can be done is.......of five
watch will help them get up earlier. For or ten minutes.
others, they will remember that the time (e) Many a time we do not realise that......... .
on the watch is wrong and will disregard (f) Instead of pressing the snooze button....... .
it altogether. It may be helpful to set your
(g) If you have difficulty in getting up........ .
watch just two minutes ahead instead of
five or ten. (h) It is a good habit to ..…..... somewhere away
(2) Keep a clock, phone, computer or anything from your bed.
that displays time in each room of your (i) It is good to commit yourself………for
house. One of the easiest ways to run late every thing.
is simply by not realising that the time is Ans.
passing as quickly as it is. (a) they move up the time on their watch,
(3) Set all your clocks and watches to the same (b) that the time on the watch is wrong so
time. Don't be an optimist. Things usually (c) a clock, phone, computer or anything that
take longer than what you'd expect, even displays time
without major delays. If you have a dinner (d) to set watch just two minutes ahead instead
appointement at 7:30 p.m., don't think you (e) the time is passing as quickly as it is
can work till 7 p.m., then take a bath, dress
(f) wake up when you are supposed to wake up
and reach on time. Realistically, calculate
the time you will take at each step and (g) early then try to set your clock ten minutes
then add 10 minutes more to allow for earlier.
unexpected delays, or you cannot get to (h) move your alarm clock to
your job in time. (i) to being 15 minutes earlier
(4) Wake up when you are supposed to wake 2. Read the passage given below and answer the
up. Don't hit the snooze button, keep on questions that follow : [12]
lying in bed, and watch TV at the very start (1) Music is perhaps the most popular and widely
of your day. Maybe try even setting your practised form of Fine Arts, transcending all
clock 10 minutes earlier than you need. If kinds of cultural and linguistic barriers. Any
you have difficulty with this, move your form of fine art is difficult to master and almost
alarm clock to somewhere away from impossible to perfect and music is no exception.
your bed; that way, you have to get up to (2) Nature, it is learnt, has blessed almost two-
turn it off. Commit yourself to being 15 thirds of the human race with musical ability
minutes early for everything. If you have of some sort. Music has the power to bring out
to reach your place of work at 8:00, don't the deepest emotions. It can make one cry or
even tell yourself this. Just tell yourself bring a smile on one's face. In fact it is a magic
(and everyone else who listens– but don't medicine and many seek refuge in it when they
annoy them or make them think that they are depressed or stressed. It is this intimacy
are late or early!) "I have to be at work at that makes us listen to music or even hum or
7.45". If you do this, you willl be on time sing sometimes. This singing, or realistically
even with little unforeseen delays. You will speaking, expressing one's emotion musically
be on time even with a traffic jam. sometimes takes a serious turn. This desire
1.1 Complete the following statements using to show musical expression in public then
words/phrases from the passage. Attempt any becomes a serious business profession. And
eight. [1 × 8 = 8] from here the musical journey begins.
(3) This desire to sing before an audience is Ans.
innocent and beautiful and indeed it is perfectly (a) The desire to sing in public is innocent and
alright to have such a genuine desire. But it is beautiful and indeed it is perfectly alright to
also important to understand that, singing is have such a genuine desire. Most of us want
an intricate art — a highly refined one at that, to become professional singers with complete
which requires systematic, prolonged and strict disregard for and ignorance of the training
training, to be acceptable. This is an aspect we part. This is an aspect that we forget in our keen
forget in our keen desire to reach the stage and desire to reach the stage and perform which in
perform. It is almost like preparing a formal turn, overcomes the desire to learn.
meal for some specially invited guests, without (b) Music has the power to bring out the deepest
even having learnt and trained in the basics of emotions. It is a magic medicine as it can make
cooking. This is why we have more noise and
one cry or bring smile on one’s face and many
less music nowadays.
seek refuge in it when they are depressed or
(4) These days almost everyone sings and it does stressed.
not stop here. Most of us want to become
(c) If one feels the need to gain some knowledge
professional singers, Result : a complete
and training to become a professional singer,
disregard for and ignorance of the training
part, as the need is never felt to go through one it leads to hurried shortcuts and half-hearted
and the urge to get to the stage and perform attempts, best described as ‘Crash Courses’.
overcomes even a little desire to learn, if any. If (d) While under training, the student is expected
at all, somewhere along the way one feels the to make mistakes but then rectify those
need to gain some knowledge and training, mistakes under the supervision and guidance
it leads to hurried shortcuts and half-hearted of the teacher. Therefore, it is good to make
attempts, best described as ‘Crash Courses’. mistakes and then correct them during the
(5) It is observed that those who have attained process of learning as this subsequently makes
the so called partial success, suddenly feel one flawless and educated. This should be the
that they lack the required knowledge and are mindset of the student of music.
not learned enough. But it is too late by then. (e) Singing is a refined and intricate art because
It should be understood here that the stage or it requires systematic, prolonged and strict
a performance brings in a different mindset training to be acceptable. We forget this aspect
within the artist. It is always recommended in our keen desire to reach the stage and
and rightly said, that while on stage, cover perform. It is like preparing a formal meal for
the mistakes and weaknesses if any, and get some specially invited guests without even
along. But the contrary is true when it comes to having learnt and trained in the basics of
acquiring knowledge and during the learning cooking. That is why we have more noise and
process. While under training, the student is less music nowadays.
expected to make mistakes but then rectify 2.2 On the basis of your understanding of
those mistakes under the supervision and the above passage, answer any four of the
guidance of the teacher. Therefore, it is good following : [1 × 5 = 5]
to make mistakes and then be corrected during (a) Almost ................... of human population is
the process of learning as this subsequently blessed with musical ability of some sort.
makes one flawless and educated. This is a
(i) two-thirds (ii) one-third
different mindset. And these two mindsets
discussed above, (those of a performer and that (iii) half (iv) one-fifth
of a student) cannot co-exist.
(b) Any form of ..................... is difficult to
2.1. On the basis of your understanding of master.
the above passage, answer any four of the (i) visual art (ii) audio-visual art
following questions in 30 – 40 words each : (iii) fine arts (iv) design art
[2 × 4 = 8]
(c) ‘Transcending’ in para 1 means.
(a) The desire to sing in public overcomes the need (i) drown under (ii) rise above
to train. Elaborate. (iii) surrender (iv) fail
(b) How can we say that music is a magic medicine?
(d) ‘Refuge’ in para 2 means.
(c) What is best described as ‘Crash Courses’? (i) shelter from rain
(d) What should be the mindset of a student of (ii) shelter from storm
music? (iii) shelter from unhappiness
(e) Why is singing a refined and intricate art? (iv) shelter from sun

(e) ’Partial’ in para 5 means. • Duration of the course
(i) unfair (ii) incomplete • Timings
(iii) whole (iv) total • Fee structure
Answer : • Mode of payment

(a) (i) two-thirds • Instructor

(b) (iii) fine arts • Class duration

(c) (ii) rise above It will be highly appreciated if the above details

(d) (iii) shelter from unhappiness are provided to me at the earliest.

(e) (ii) incomplete Thanking You
SECTION – B Yours Faithfully
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR) 30 Shweta/Srikar
3. As a health conscious person, you have OR
noticed an advertisement in a newspaper on PROBLEM OF TRAFFIC JAMS IN
yoga classes in your neighbourhood. Write a METROPOLITAN CITIES
letter in 100-120 words to the organizer, Yoga
By Renu/Rajan
for Public, R.K. Puram, New Delhi requesting
him/her to send you information about the The country’s automobile industry has been
duration of the course and other relevant growing rapidly with the increase in per capita
details. You Shweta/Srikar of 13, R.K. Puram, income, the consequence of which is excessive
New Delhi. [8] load on roads due to steadily increasing number
of vehicles in the metropolitan cities. Traffic
OR jams occur when vehicles in large numbers
You have noticed that the number of vehicles come to a standstill for any reason for a certain
is steadily increasing in your city. There are period of time. There is not a single day when
long traffic jams causing a lot of inconvenience the roads in the metro cities are without chaos.
to the road users. Write an article in 100 – 200 Another reason for the traffic congestion is
words on the topic, ‘Problem of Traffic Jams the overgrowing population as well as the
in Metropolitan Cities.’ Your are Renu/Rajan. increase in the number of private, public and
Ans. 13, R.K. Puram commercial vehicles. It occurs mostly during
peak hours when people commute to or fro
New Delhi from their workplaces and hence, they face
14th April, 20XX inconvenience. It is an absolute wastage of
their productive time. Distances have also
The Organizer
increased in a way. Where it used to take only
Yoga for Public few minutes to cover certain distances earlier,
R.K. Puram now takes hours to cover the same. People
New Delhi get stranded in their vehicles for hours and
get late for their offices, business meetings or

Sub : Inquiry about the Yoga Classes any other appointments. Heavy traffic creates
Sir, problems not only for the vehicle drivers but
also for pedestrians. Pedestrians find it difficult
With reference to your advertisement in to walk on the sideways meant for them. Traffic
‘Patrika Times’ dated 12th April, 20××, I have congestion has become a menace for the injured
come to know that you are organizing yoga or seriously ill patients who sometimes die on
classes near my locality. It’s a good initiative their way due to traffic jams. There are also
and also highly appreciable because yoga chances of road mishaps as vehicles move in
helps detox the body and de-stress the mind. close proximity to each other.
It also maintains balance between physical and
It is therefore, necessary to start an awareness
mental health of a person. Sparing some time
campaign to lighten the burden on roads and
for yoga helps in getting relief from stress. As
to take various measures to control traffic jams
I am a health conscious person and know that
in metro cities.
yoga helps in curing many diseases in today’s
deskbound lifestyle, I wish to join the classes. 4. Complete the story in 200–250 words, which
But prior to joining the classes, I would like you begins as the following, providing an
to furnish me the following necessary details: appropriate title also. [10]
Mukesh, the grocer, was very greedy. He shadows outside the window. My heartbeat
would mix stones in pulses and coloured sand increased as it was dense dark outside, and I
in spices and sell them to the poor villagers. couldn’t imagine in my wildest thoughts who
The villagers complained to him but he could be there. I geared up, gathered courage
turned a deaf ear to them, as his was the only and reached the window. Slowly I pulled the
grocery store in the village. The villagers, then curtains and looked outside but the shadow
decided...... was not clear at all and it was not a single
shadow but four or five shadows. This was
OR enough for me to believe that some scoundrels
It was 10 p.m. I was alone at home. Suddenly were there at the door. I looked for my cricket
I heard a knock on the door...... bat, held it tightly and reached for the main
Ans. TIT FOR TAT door of the living room. Although it was cold
winter, I was still down with sweat. With a
Mukesh, the grocer, was very greedy. He would
sudden jerk, I opened the door and lifted my
mix stones in pulses and coloured sand in bat to hit but I was surprised to see that it
spices and sell them to the poor villagers. The was my family members who had come early
villagers complained to him but he turned a because of me. I felt relieved and embraced
deaf ear to them, as his was the only grocery my mother tightly. That night I slept with my
store in the village. The villagers, then decided parents, holding my mother‘s hand. It was
to teach him a lesson. They all gathered and really a scary night!
went to the king to make a complaint against
Moral – ‘Do not loose courage even in the worst
him. On hearing this the king became very situation.’
angry and ordered his courtiers to summon
him to the court. When Mukesh was brought 5. Fill in the blanks in the paragraph given
to the court, the king rebuked him saying, “You below by choosing the most appropriate
options from the ones that follow. Attempt
have been cheating the innocent villagers for
any four. Write the answers in your answer
the past so many months and for this, you will
sheet against the correct blank numbers.
be punished”. The grocer was frightened and
asked for forgiveness. The king gave him the [1 × 4 = 4]
relaxation of choosing his punishment. The The caves of Ajanta and Ellora …(a)… the
king asked him either to get ready to go beaten magnificent works of sculpture. Whoever
a thousand times or eat one hundred onions …(b)… there …(c)… spell bound. Thousands
at a time. The grocer became happy thinking …(d)… tourists visit these places every year.
it to be an easy punishment and chose to eat One can stay …(e)… the guest houses.
onions. But having eaten only 20 onions, tears (a) (i) is (ii) are
rolled down his eyes and he asked to be beaten.
(iii) was (iv) were
When guards started lashing him and the count
reached to 50, Mukesh cried with pain and (b) (i) go (ii) going
knelt down before the king feeling extremely (iii) goes (iv) went
sorry for his deeds. He promised not to cheat (c) (i) becomes (ii) became
anyone in future. The king released him on a (iii) becoming (iv) has become
warning and Mukesh lived the life of an honest (d) (i) for (ii) of
person thereafter.
(iii) from (iv) at
Moral – ‘Greed leads to grief’
(e) (i) on (ii) over
OR
(iii) upon (iv) in
THE SCARY NIGHT
Ans. (a) (ii) are (b) (iii) goes
It was 10 p.m. I was alone at home. Suddenly,
I heard a knock on the door. I expected no one (c) (i) becomes (d) (ii) of
at that hour of time as all my family members (e) (iv) in
had gone to attend a close family wedding 6. In the following paragraph, one word has
whereas I was supposed to stay at home due been omitted in each line. Write the missing
to my board exams. Repeated knocking at the word along with the word that comes before
door scared me to death. A chill went down and the word that comes after it against the
my spine. Suddenly, the lights went off and correct blank number. The first one has been
this only worsened my fear. Then I saw some done for you. Attempt any four [1 × 4 = 4]
Word Missing Word (c) Which word in the extract is a synonym of
before word after 'rich'?
The tiny island of Rameswaram South e.g. Rameswara in South
India is one of the four Dhams. According to legend (a) (d) How can a baker be identified in Goa?
it was from here that Lord Rama the (b) OR
help of Hanuman and Sugreev and his monkey
force built a stone bridge Lanka just 24 (c)

Now the name of the little black kitten was
kilometres away. The main attraction of island (d) Ink.
is the Ramanathaswamy Temple is a (e) And the little gray mouse, she called him
magnificent emaples of Dravidian architecture. Blink.
Ans. (a) to a legend (b) Rama with the And the little yellow dog was sharp as
(c) bridge to Lanka (d) of the island Mustard,
(e) Temple which is But the dragon was a coward, and she called
him Custard.
7. Rearrange any four or the following groups
of word/phrases to make meaningful sen- (a) Name the poem and its poet.
tences. [1 × 4 = 4] (b) What is the colour of Belinda's dog?
(a) of mankind / reading is / one of / pleasures/ (c) What were the kitten and the mouse called?
the greatest (d) Which word in the stanza is the antonym
(b) we / enjoy / the / much more / borrowed of 'dull'?
ones / our own books / reading / than Ans.
(c) book / care / must be / with / a borrowed / (a) The baker recorded his accounts on some wall
treated in pencil.
(d) book / afraid of / you should / writing notes (b) The baker and his family never starved
on / not be / your own because baking was a profitable profession
in the old days.
(e) should begin / one / a private libarary /
(c) The synonym of the word ‘rich’ is prosperous.
one's youth / building / in
(d) A baker can be identified in Goa if he has a
Ans. (a) Reading is one of the greatest pleasures of
jackfruit- like physical appearance.
mankind.
OR
(b) We enjoy reading our own books much
more than the borrowed ones. (a) The name of the poem is ‘The Tale of Custard
the Dragon’ and the poet is Ogden Nash.
(c) A borrowed book must be treated with care.
(b) The color of the Belinda’s dog is yellow.
(d) You should not be afraid of writing notes
(c) The kitten was called ‘Ink’ and the mouse was
on your own book.
called ‘Blink’.
(e) One should begin building a private library
(d) Antonym of the word ‘dull’ is sharp.
in one’s youth.
9. Answer any four of the following questions
SECTION – C in 30-40 words each. [2 x 4 = 8]
(LITERATURE) 30 (a) Why did Lencho write a letter to God?
8. Read the extract given below and answer the (b) How did Chubukov react when lomov asked
questions that follow : [1 × 4 = 4] for the hand of his daughter in marriage?

The baker usually collected his bills at the (c) Where in the classroom does Wanda sit and
end of the month. Monthly accounts used to why?
be recorded on some wall in pencil. Baking (d) How did Ebright's mother help him to
was indeed a profitable profession in the becoming a scientist?
old days. The baker and his family never (e) Why does Anil not hand Hari Singh over to
starved. He, his family and his servant always the police?
looked happy and prosperous. Their plump Ans.
physique was an open testimony to this.
(a) Lencho’s crops were destroyed by a hailstorm.
Even today any person with a jackfruit-like
He had put all his money in farming and
physical appearance is easily compared to a
therefore, he was left with no money then. But
baker.
he had strong faith in God that God would
(a) Where did the baker record his accounts? definitely solve his problem. So, he wrote a
(b) Why did the baker and his family never letter to God asking for 100 pesos so that he
starve? and his family wouldn’t starve.
(b) Chubukov was extremely cheerful and Forestier was immediately ready to lend
excited when Lomov asked for the hand of Mathilde the necklace. In fact, she displayed
his daughter in marriage. He embraced and the entire array of her jewels in front of her
kissed Lomov on his forehead and shed tears and asked her to choose from them. She
of joy. He exclaimed with happiness that it didn’t show any urgency to get back the
was his heartfelt desire. He was of the opinion necklace and when Mathilde returned the
that Lomov would turn out to be the perfect necklace, Mme Forestier didn’t even inspect
match for his daughter, so he showered his it and instead, honestly revealed that the
blessings upon Lomov after hearing this. necklace that she gave to Mathilde was fake.
(c) Wanda sits in the seat next to the last seat It shows her honest nature. She also felt bad
in the last row in Room 13. She belongs to a when Mathilde suffered unnecessarily to pay
poor family of Boggins Heights. Her feet are for a replacement necklace. Thus, she proved
usually caked with dry mud and the corner to be her genuine friend.
of the classroom in which she sits is also very OR
dirty. In order to avoid the embarrassment Kisa Gotami was a young woman who
and being laughed at by her classmates, belonged to a wealthy family. She was
Wanda sits there to hide herself. married to a merchant. When her one-year
(d) Ebright’s mother motivated him to learn. old child fell ill and died, she was grief-
She was his only childhood friend and a stricken and couldn’t bear his death. She took
companion. She used to take him on trips, her dead child in her arms and went door to
buy scientific equipments like microscopes, door begging everyone to tell the way to get
telescopes, cameras, etc., and help him in her child back to life. Nobody helped her and
many ways. She introduced him to Dr. instead thought her to be crazy but she didn’t
Fredrick A. Urquhart of the University of give up. Then she came across a Buddhist
Toronto, Canada. She found many interesting who suggested her to meet Buddha as only
things for him to learn. he could help him. That’s why Gotami went
(e) Anil does not hand Hari Singh over to the to Buddha.
police because he realizes that beyond his Buddha taught her the lesson of life and truth.
identity as a thief, Hari Singh is a good person When she told Buddha the whole story, he
and has learnt a lesson. Anil understands listened to it with patience and asked her to
that Hari Singh has changed now otherwise collect mustard seeds from a house where
he wouldn’t have put the stolen money no one had ever died. She went from house
back in its place. Anil has a humble nature to house but she couldn’t find a single house
so he wants to give Hari Singh a chance and where no one had ever died. Ultimately, she
forgives him for stealing money. understood what Buddha had been trying
10. Answer the following questions in 100-120 to explain her that suffering is inevitable
words :** [8] and in this way, she realized that death is
Mme Forestier proved to be a true friend of the ultimate truth and one has to meet his
the Loisels. Elaborate. destined end one day, no one can avoid it. So,
OR she took her child away and became Buddha’s
Why did Gotami go to the Buddha? What follower.
lesson did he teach her? 11. Answer the following question in 200 – 250
Ans. Mme Forestier proved to be a true friend words :** [10]
of Loisels. Mme Forestier played a crucial
Justify the title, ‘The Diary of A Young Girl’.
role in the story. She helped Mathilde when OR
Mathilde needed her genuinely. Mathilde
was blessed with a beautiful physique but
Write a character sketch of Anne Frank.
she lacked the lavish lifestyle she yearned for. OR
Therefore, she was discontented with her life. What type of relationship did Miss Anne
Although Mme Forestier treated her kindly, Sullivan and Helen Share?
Mathilde was jealous of Mme Forestier
because of her wealth. Once, Mathilde had OR
to attend a fancy party so she borrowed Write a character sketch of Alexander Graham
a diamond necklace from Mme Forestier. Bell.
ll
Outside Delhi [Set-II]

Note : Except for the following questions all the the temples. Jaipur is popularly known as
remaining questions have been asked in the ‘Choti Kashi’ and the famous Govind Dev Ji
previous sets. temple is visited by almost each and every
tourist here. But there is a lot of chaos around
SECTION – B the temple area. The hawkers, peddlars and
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR) 30 fruit sellers have made the area congested
and filthy. The queue system is also out of
3. You are Hema/Hemant, 14/9 Hill Apartment, place and it portrays a negative picture of
Jaipur. You are not satisfied with the the city. Thus, management should take
facilities for tourists in Jaipur. Write a letter certain steps in this regard. Then comes the
in 100 – 120 words to the editor of a local question of forts. The magnificently built forts
daily giving suggestions on ways to improve should be senior citizen friendly and there
the facilities for tourists. [8] should be provision of lifts and wheelchairs
OR for handicaps. My last suggestion is about
Yo u c a m e a c r o s s a n a d ve r t i s e m e n t the conditions of buses which is pathetic.
advising motorists not to play loud music Improved bus services would attract more
while driving as it may distract them. tourists.
Write an article in 100 – 120 words for a I hope my suggestions would find place in
local newspaper advising people to refrain your newspaper and can be incorporated so
from playing loud music while driving that the tourism sector can be improved.
near hospitals, schools, etc. You are Tarun/
Thanking you
Tanvi.
Ans. 14/9, Hill Apartments Yours Faithfully
Jaipur Hemant/Hema
15th May, 20XX OR
The Editor AVOID PLAYING LOUD MUSIC

WHILE DRIVING
Patrika Times
Jaipur By Tarun/Tanvi
Sub. : Suggestions on ways to improve the While reading the newspaper, I came across
facilities for tourists an advertisement advising the motorists
not to play loud music while driving. This
Sir, advertisement caught my attention and I
felt that the need of the hour is to spread
Through the columns of your esteemed
awareness amongst the people against it.
newspaper, I would like to highlight the
Nowadays, listening to loud music while
issues of dissatisfactory tourists’ facilities in
driving has become fashionable among
Jaipur and wish to give my suggestions in
people, especially youngsters, but they don’t
this regard.
know the harmful consequences of it. For
It is a world known fact that Rajasthan their own entertainment, these people turn
is one of the best tourists’ destinations in deaf ear to others’ problems. It not only affects
India and its capital Jaipur fascinates all the public and residents of the colony but the
foreigners immensly. But there are certain patients and children too. Loud music has
areas which need a lot of improvement. become a constant source of nuisance. When
First and the foremost suggestion is related loud music is being played near hospitals,
to the signboards places. As we know that patients lose their peaceful sleep and they
foreigners don’t understand the local dialect become restless. The high volume of the
the signboards and the direction boards music has disrupted everyone’s tranquility.
should be both in Hindi and English. Another Students fail to concentrate upon their studies
suggestion is regarding the cleanliness near and during examinations, they face great
difficulty due to it. Moreover, there are cases looking for?” The woodcutter checked the axe
of deafness, insomnia, palpitation of heart, again and said,” No, it’s not my axe. My axe is
mental fatigue etc. and among the sufferers made up of iron and has a wooden handle”.
are majorly small babies and old people.The This time the elf showed him his original axe
problem further adds to the fact that noise and seeing that the woodcutter exclaimed
control laws are neither followed properly with joy,” Yes, that‘s my axe!” The honesty of
nor implemented completely. the woodcutter made the elf very happy and
So I think that law alone is not sufficient until she gave him both the gold and silver axes as
and unless we all take oath to make the city his reward. The woodcutter accepted the gifts
and returned home thrilled and overjoyed.
noise-free by educating the people about its
He told the whole incident to wife who also
ill effects. Everyone who plays loud music
appreciated his honesty and thereafter they
while driving, should refrain from doing so.
both lived happily.
4. Complete the story in 200 – 250 words, Moral –‘Honesty is always rewarded.’
which begins as the following, providing OR
an appropriate title also. [10] THE BEST TROPHY OF MY LIFE
A woodcutter earned his living by cutting The next day was the annual day of my school.
wood from the jungle and selling it in the I was very excited as I had participated in
market. One day when he was cutting down many activities. Moreover, I was going to
a tree on the bank of a river, his axe fell into receive the ‘Best Student Trophy’ for 2017-18.
the river. He was ......... Late at night, I heard a strange sound. My
OR mother woke me up and told me that my
The next day was the annual day of my school. grandmother had been seriously ill. She was
gasping and sweating profusely. My mother
I was very excited as I had participated in
was horrified and perplexed to see this. She
many activites. Moreover, I was going to
couldn’t understand what had happened to
receive the 'Best Student Trophy' for 2017 –
the grandmother. She didn’t know what to
18. Late at night I heard a strange sound. My
do so she cried for help. My father was not at
mother woke me up and told me that .........
home that time. He had gone out of the town
Ans. THE WOODCUTTER AND THE AXE for a week for some official work. I was all
A woodcutter earned his living by cutting alone with my mother, younger sister and
wood from the jungle and selling it in the grandmother. Nobody had ever imagined
market. One day when he was cutting that anything like that would happen.
down a tree on the bank of a river, his axe Fortunately, our next door neighbour had
fell into the river. He was shocked to see returned home early as he had to attend
that because the axe was his only source of some party that day. When he heard my
earning. The river was deep enough and mother shouting for help, he came running
the poor woodcutter didn’t know how to to our house. He saw my grandmother and
swim. He sat there weeping. For hours immediately understood her condition.
he kept waiting for someone to help him Without a moment’s delay, he took out his
but no one turned up. Then an unusual car, put my grandmother in it and rushed to
thing happened. A beautiful elf from the the nearby hospital. Meanwhile his wife took
river appeared before the woodcutter. She me and my sister to her house, calmed us
asked him “Why are you not chopping down and fed us properly. Doctors examined
the wood?” The woodcutter sadly replied, her and told that she had a mild heart attack
“My axe has fallen into the river and I don’t and the slightest delay would have turned
know how to swim. Now I can’t cut wood”. out to be dangerous for her. Next morning
The elf then showed him a golden axe and my grandmother was discharged after getting
asked him “Is this your axe which had fallen medical prescriptions and we took her back
into the river?” The woodcutter saw the home. It was the happiest moment for all of
axe carefully and replied, “No, it’s not my us and we were grateful to our neighbours
axe”. The elf disappeared and after some for because of whom we could see our
time reappeared with a silver axe. She again grandmother alive. Then, I was all ready to
asked the woodcutter, “Is this the axe you are receive the trophy but more than that, I was
happy to have my grandmother back. It was Error Correction
the best trophy that I ever received in my life. Some days is good and some days e.g. is are
Moral – The gift of life is the biggest of all. are bad. Today, I got on very late. I (a) ____ ____
5. Fill in the blanks in the paragraph given ran to bathe. Then I had to got ready (b) ____ ____
below by choosing the most appropriate for my school. I ran by the bus stop (c) ____ ____
options from the ones that follow. Attempt to catch my school bus. It had
any four. Write the answers in your answer already left but I came back home. (d) ____ ____
sheet against the correct blank numbers. My mother scolding me. (e) ____ ____
Ans. Error Correction
[1 × 4 = 4]
(a) on up
Television …(a)… become very popular in (b) got get
our country. People spend a lot …(b)… time
(c) by to
watching a variety of programmes. Some of
(d) but so
the programmes …(c)… are telecast these
(e) scolding scolded
days are of a very poor quality. We should
remember that television is …(d)… effective 7. Rearrange any four of the following groups
in educating …(e)… nation. of word/phrases to make meaningful
sentences : [1 × 4 = 4]
(a) (i) is (ii) was
(a) have become / part of / developing city /
(iii)has (iv) had airports / an essential / a
(b) (i) of (ii) for (b) services / tourism in / air taxi / will / boost/
(iii)at (iv) by the state
(c) (i) those (ii) when (c) more runways / for / we / landing / need /
(iii)here (iv) that facilities
(d) (i) so (ii) many (d) promote / will surely / our tourism / this /
(iii)very (iv) some sector
(e) this / increasing / will help / between cities/
(e) (i) a (ii) an
connectivity / in
(iii)the (iv) some Ans. (a) Airports have become an essential part of
Ans. (a) (iii) has (b) (i) of a developing city.
(c) (iv) that (d) (iii) very (b) Air taxi services will boost the tourism in
(e) (i) a the state.
6. The following paragraph has not been (c) We need more runways for landing
edited. There is one error in each line. facilities.
Identify the error and write down its (d) This will surely promote our tourism
correction against the correct blank number. sector.
The first one has been done for you. Attempt (e) This will help in increasing connectivity
any four. [1 × 4 = 4] between cities.
ll
Outside Delhi [Set-III]

Note : Except for the following questions all the consumers and suggesting ways to deal with
the offenders. Imagine yourself as Promila/
remaining questions have been asked in the
Praveen Chopra. 12/15, Kunj Vihar, Alapur
previous sets.
and write the letter for her/him in 100 – 120
words.
SECTION – B
Alapur : August 24. The sale of synthetic
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR) 30 milk continues unabated in the district
3. Promila/Praveen chopra reads the following despite ongoing efforts by the authorities
news report in a newspaper and feels deeply concerned. Out of 20 samples of milk taken
troubled. She/He writes a letter to the Editor, recently, reports of 19 which were received
'The Times of Delhi', New Delhi voicing from Lakenagar Test Laboratory indicated
her/his concern for ill effect of synthetic adulteration with urea and other chemicals.
milk on the health of the unsuspecting [8]
OR should be taken into practice for sure. The
You are very impressed by the idea of 'Each Supreme Court has also advised the states to
one, Teach one and you want to participate make the adulteration of milk a punishable
in the campaign actively. Write an article offence. Thus, if these steps are followed
in 100 – 120 words to be published in your strictly, I think the cases of milk adulteration
school magazing on the topic, “The Role of will definitely reduce.
Students in Achieving 100% Literacy.“ You Thanking You
are Mohan/Mohini.
Yours Faithfully
Ans. 12/15, Kunj Vihar
Promila/Praveen Chopra
Alapur
OR
25th August, 20XX THE ROLE OF THE STUDENTS IN
The Editor ACHIEVING 100% LITERACY
The Times of Delhi By Mohan/Mohini
New Delhi Youth plays a vital role in the development
of any country and one cannot deny their

Sub. : Ill effects of synthetic milk on health
importance in the upliftment of a nation.
and suggestions to deal with it.
India is a land of villages and most of its
Sir, population is illiterate. In many villages,
there are no schools or teaching facilities.
This is with reference to a news report which
Thus, villagers don’t get any opportunity to
I read yesterday, regarding the adulteration
learn. Poverty and ignorance have deprived
of milk with urea and other chemicals. It has
them from becoming literate. They don’t even
greatly disturbed me as we have been hearing
know how to write their name or recognize
the increased cases of unique diseases daily
the alphabets. The villagers are bound by the
which were never heard of earlier. They are
superstitions and it is necessary to remove
the consequence of the adulterated food
these beliefs from their minds. Therefore,
products. Synthetic milk which contains the
it becomes the duty of the youth to render
amount of urea, caustic soda, detergents and
their services to them by teaching them. They
cheap cooking oils, increases the risk of heart
can give their valuable advice and guidance
problems. It is also harmful for pregnant
to educate them. The government has also
ladies. Moreover, synthetic milk possesses
started a campaign ‘Each one, Teach One’
cancerous properties and many people have
to facilitate the learning programme for the
been affected by it till date. Children are the
illiterates. So anyone who wants to participate
biggest sufferers as their immune system is
in this campaign can get their names enrolled.
weak at a young age. The sodium that enters
I think it is a very good initiative by the
the body through the synthetic milk acts as a
government. The students are the only ones
slow poison.
who can change the mindset of the illiterates
During the festival seasons, the increased and transform them. They can easily teach
cases of adulterated milk have come into light them using innovative techniques which
as the demand for milk increases to prepare would help them in many things such
sweets and other delicacies. Therefore, I as their farming process. The students
suggest that the Health Department should could make groups among themselves and
keep a strict vigilance on these unscrupulous start teaching the illiterate people in their
milk dealers and police should raid the milk respective areas. With the increase in the
factories from time to time. Food Safety population, the responsibilities of students
and Standards Act prescribes maximum six have also increased. Their role in teaching
months in prison for the offence and this people is now full of challenges and they can
possibly achieve 100% literacy in the country stern voice he asked me stop and I stopped!
by making revolutionary changes. When he came closer to me, I saw his face.
4. Complete the story in 200 – 250 words, He was a policeman who was doing his night
which begins as the following, providing duty. He asked me the reason for running as
an appropriate title also. [10] he suspected me to be a criminal. I explained
him that I was returning back home from
It was raining heavily, the street light had tuition and showed him my tuition register
gone off and I was alone, coming back from and books as proof. When he was satisfied
my tuition class. It was 8 p.m. and very cold. with the answer, he escorted me to the house
Suddenly I ......... and went away.
OR Moral – ‘Don't believe anything you hear and
One day I was sleeping in my room. Suddenly only half of what you see?
I had difficulty in breathing. On waking up
OR
I found smoke coming into my room. I got
A FIERY EXPERIENCE
up and oppened my window. Peeping out I
saw ......... One day I was sleeping in my room.
Ans. A FEARFUL INCIDENT
Suddenly, I had difficulty breathing. On
waking up I found smoke coming into my
It was raining heavily, the street lights had
room. I got up and opened my window.
gone off and I was alone, coming back from
Peeping out, I saw a big fire which broke out
my tuition class. It was 8 p.m. and very cold.
in the busy commercial complex in front of
Suddenly, I heard some footsteps behind
my house. Without wasting a second, I rang
me. I stopped and looked behind but saw
up the fire brigade and informed the police
no one. I started walking again and then, I
too. The security guard was shouting at the
heard the footsteps again. This time it scared
top of his voice. Everyone came out of their
me. The road was lonely and in that rainy
houses. The fire started spreading fast and
night, I could hardly see a person or two on
the worst thing that happened was the wind
the sideways. I neither had an umbrella nor a
which started blowing at the same moment. It
raincoat as I couldn’t think of the possibility
made the fire more tyrannous. Many people
of rain that day. I imagined who it could
got trapped in the fire. I joined the others in
be? a watchman returning home after his
the rescue work. Soon the police and firemen
duty or a criminal following me for some
arrived and began doing their job. The police
purpose? Mere thought of the latter aroused
quickly evacuated the area and the firemen
my goosebumps. I dared not to see back and
got engaged in fighting the fire. It nearly
instead increased my walking speed. But
took one and a half hour to extinguish the
what! The footsteps behind me were also
fire. It was actually very difficult to evacuate
heard walking rapidly. I prayed silently to
the people trapped in the leaping flames.
God to help me. In my fear, I followed the
Fortunately, there was no harm to any life
wrong path. I thought of screaming for help
although goods worth lakhs were destroyed
but then no one was there. The whole road
and turned into ashes. Later on, it was
was deserted because the road which I had
discovered that the fire broke out due to short
taken went towards the isolated industrial
circuit that had sparked off the fire in one
area and the workers might have gone to
of the shops in the complex. If there was no
their houses by then. I started running fast
quick action taken by the firemen, policemen
and the footsteps behind me also started
and security guards, anything hazardous
running fast. I was almost on the verge of
could have happened.
fainting when the voice from behind held
my breath. I mustered up the courage and That day, I understood the true value of our
turned back. I saw a tall man, wearing a long helpers and how they carry out their duties.
raincoat and a hat, moving towards me. In a Everyone’s job is equally important and we
should never underestimate any work as no Error Correction
work is small. I salute these brave people who The modern student
render their services to help others by putting
understand the e.g. understand understands
their own lives at risk.
importance for physical exercise. (a) ____ ____
Moral –‘Always value the services rendered
to us by the helpers’ He spend one or two hours daily (b) ____ ____
5. Fill in the blanks in the paragraph given on the open air where he takes (c) ____ ____
below by choosing the most appropriate part in exercises when work (d) ____ ____
options from the ones that follow. Attempt wonders by his health (e) ____ ____
any four. Write the answers in your answer
Ans. (a) for of
sheet against the correct blank numbers.
[1 × 4 = 4] (b) spend spends
Belgium is considered to …(a)… a country (c) on in
…(b)…chocolates. It is a big business… (d) when which
(c)… employs nearly 72,000 people. Most (e) by for
Belgium chocolate makers …(d)… their craft 7. Rearrange any four or the following groups
at vocational schools. They set up …(e)… own of words/phrases to make meaningful
business. sentences : [1 × 4 = 4]
(a) (i) been (ii) be (a) are / a storehouse / Indian / Indian art / of/
(iii) as (iv) for temples
(b) (i) of (ii) for
(b) these / the architecture / artistic masterpiece/
(iii) from (iv) to of / temoles / is an
(c) (i) also (ii) or
(c) is situated / north-eastern / Konark temple/
(iii) but (iv) and side / on the / of Puri
(d) (i) are learning (ii) have learnt
(d) chariot / from of / temple is / the / the / a /
(iii) will learn (iv) learn in
(e) (i) that (ii) those (e) its sculptures / famous / is / for / temple /
the
(iii) their (iv) our
Ans. (a) Indian temples are a storehouse of Indian
Ans. (a) (ii) be (b) (i) of
art.
(c) (iv) and (d) (iv) learn
(b) The architecture of these temples is an
(e) (iii) their artistic masterpiece.
6. The following paragraph has not been (c) Konark Temple is situated on the north-
edited. There is one error in each line. eastern side of Puri.
Identify the error and write down its (d) The temple is in the form of a chariot.
correction against the correct blank number. (e) The temple is famous for its sculptures.
The first one has been done for you. Attempt
ll
any four. [1 × 4 = 4]
Delhi [Set-I] 2019
SECTION—A 1.1. On the basis of your understanding of
(READING) 20 the above passage answer the following
questions : (any eight) [1 × 8 = 8]
1. Read the following passage carefully. [8]
(1) Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl (a) How was Eleanor Roosevelt‘s personality
in contrast to what she became?
growing up in New York City would one day
become the First Lady of the United States. (b) Apart from being the First Lady what else
Even fewer thought she would become an did she have to her credit?
author and lecturer and a woman much (c) What challenges did she face in her
admired and loved by people throughout personal life but remained unfazed?
the world. (d) Eleanor was a strong woman who helped
(2) Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to her husband become the President of
wealthy, but troubled parents who both America. How?
died while she was young, Roosevelt was (e) What does the statement: ‘she became her
cared for by her grandmother and sent to husband‘s legs and eyes‘ mean?
school in England. In 1905, she married her (f) What was her special contribution during
distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. the depression?
She and her husband had six children.
(g) How did she motivate soldiers during
Although they were wealthy, her life was
World War II?
not easy and she suffered several personal
tragedies. Her second son died when he was (h) What did she do for the first time for a First
a baby. In 1921, her strong athletic husband Lady?
was stricken with polio, which left him (i) What side of her personality is reflected in
physically disabled for life. this passage?
(3) Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman Ans. (a) Eleanor Roosevelt was very quiet and
who had great intelligence and tremendous parentless in her growing up years. Later,
strength of character. She never let things she became the First Lady of the United
get her down. She nursed her husband States, an author, lecturer and a woman
back to good health and encouraged him to who was loved and admired throughout
remain in politics. She then helped him to the world.
become Governor of New York, and in 1933, (b) Apart from being the First Lady, she was
President of the United States. an author, lecturer and a woman much
(4) While her husband was President, she took a admired by people. She visited prisons
great interest in all the affairs of the country. and hospitals; went down into mines, etc.
She became her husband‘s legs and eyes; (c) In her personal life, she faced many
she visited prisons and hospitals; she went challenges. Her second son died when he
down into mines, up scaffoldings and into was a baby. Her husband was affected by
factories. Roosevelt was tireless and daring. polio which left him physically disabled
During the depression she travelled all over for life.
the country bringing goodwill, reassurance (d) Roosevelt nursed her husband back to
and help to people without food and jobs. good health and encouraged him to
During World War II she visited American remain in politics. She helped him become
soldiers in camps all over the world. The the Governer of New York and then, the
United States had never known a First Lady President of the United States in 1933.
like her. (e) ‘She became her husband‘s legs and eyes‘
(5) Roosevelt also kept in touch with the means she visited prisons, hospitals, went
American people through a daily newspaper into mines and factories on his behalf to
column called ‘My Day‘. She broadcast on help him in his job. She also interacted
the radio and delivered lectures, all first for with people and brought feedback to her
a First Lady. husband about the state of affairs.
(f) During the Depression she travelled
(7) Poison has another important role. It‘s an
all over the country bringing goodwill, extreme meat softener, specific enzymes
reassurance and help to people without break up the insides of the prey. Normally,
food and jobs. a reptile depends on the sun‘s warm rays
(g) During World War II, she visited American to aid digestion.
soldiers in camps all over the world to
(8) But I wonder if we cannot use venom in
motivate and empathise with them. our favour. In remote parts of India, local
(h) She kept in touch with the American hospitality often involves leather-tough
people through a daily newspaper column meat. I chew and chew until may jaw ache.
called ‘My Day‘. She broadcast on the If I spit it out or refuse, our hosts would be
radio and delivered lectures, all first for a offended, I swallow like a python stuffing
First Lady. a deer down its throat and hope I don‘t
(i) Her intelligence and tremendous strength choke. If only I had poison.
of character is reflected in the passage. 2.1. Read the questions given below and answer
2. Read the passage given below carefully and any four in 30–40 words each. [2 × 4 = 8]
answer the questions that follow : [12] (a) Russell viper and rat snake have different
(1) Overpowering prey is a challenge for methods to attack prey. How?
creatures that do not have limbs. Some

(b) How does Sand Boa kill its prey?
species like Russell‘s viper inject poison.
Some others opt for an alternative non-
(c) There is a constant tussle between the
chemical method rat snakes, for instance, hunting animal and its prey. Why?
catch and push their prey against the
(d) What makes mongoose a snake predator?
ground, while pythons use their muscle (e) What difficulty does the writer face when
power to crush their prey to death. he is entertained in the remote parts of
But snakes can‘t be neatly divided into India?
poisonous and non-poisonous categories.
Ans. (a) Russell's, viper injects poison whereas rat
(2) Even species listed as non-poisonous
aren‘t completely free of poison. The snakes catch and push their prey against
common Sand Boa, for instance, produces the ground.
secretions particularly poisonous to birds. (b) Sand Boa produces secretions particularly
So the species doesn‘t take any chance—it poisonous to birds. It crushes its prey and
crushes its prey and injects poison as an injects poison as an extra step.
extra step. (c) The hunting animals try their worst to kill
(3) Do vipers need poison powerful enough their prey most efficiently but their prey
to kill hundreds of rats with just one drop? use any trick to avoid becoming a meal
After all, they eat only one or two at a time. such as developing immunity to poison.
(4) While hunting animals try their worst to (d) Mongooses are highly resistant to cobra
kill most efficiently, their prey use any
poison, with their speed and agility, they
trick to avoid becoming a meal, such
kill snakes fearlessly, making them a
as developing immunity to poison. For
good snake predator.
instance, Californian ground squirrels are
resistant to Northern Pacific rattlesnake (e) When entertained in the remote parts of
poison. India, the writer finds it difficult to chew
(5) Competition with prey is not the only leather-tough meat which he swallows
thing driving snakes to evolve more and down his/her throat like a python in
more deadly poison. Snakes also struggle order to avoid offending the host.
to avoid becoming prey themselves. 2.2 On the basis of your reading of the above
(6) Some snake killers have partial immunity passage fill in any two of the following
to poison. Famously, mongooses are blanks. [1 × 2 = 2]
highly resistant to cobra posion and (i) Overpowering ……… is a challenge for
with their speed and agility, kill snakes creatures that do not have limbs.
fearlessly. It would be the death of cobras
(a) a killer (b) humans
as a species if they didn‘t evolve a more
deadly poison to stop mongooses. (c) a python (d) prey
(ii) Poison ……… meat. The recent attacks on old people clearly
(a) enhance taste of (b) hardens indicate lapses on our part. In addition to this,
(c) softens (d) breaks down social media and different reports are creating
disharmony instead of doing something
(iii) Californian squirrels are ……… rattle-
constructive. The old people are not safe in
snake poison.
their own homes. These attacks have taken
(a) afraid of (b) helpless against away their peace and tranquility. Many old
(c) resistant to (d) indifferent to people have lost their lives. This shatters the
Ans. (i) (d) prey (ii) (c) softens faith of people in the government.
(iii) (c) resistant to In order to combat this menace, we should
2.3 Find words from the passage which mean make concerted efforts. Those who are caught
the same as : (any two) [1 × 2 = 2] and found guilty, should be taught a lesson.
(a) Another (para 1) I hope the authorities will be more cautious and
(b) Liquid substances released from glands initiate stern steps to encounter the enemies of
(para 2) humainty.
(c) Particular (para 7) Your truly
Ans. (a) alternative (b) secretion Tanvi / Shirish
(c) specific OR
IMPORTANCE OF OUTDOOR GAMES IN
SECTION—B
THE LIFE OF A TEENAGER
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR ) 30
By Ravi / Raveena, Sports Secretary
3.
You are Tanvi/Shirish of Safdarjung In this age, when teenagers are suffering from
Development Area, New Delhi. You are obesity, outdoor activities form an important
extremely disturbed about the attacks on old part of their life. These outdoor activities
people living alone. Write a letter in 100–120 have long-term benefits on their health.
words to the Editor, ‘The New Indian News‘ Adequate outdoor activity increases health
making people sensitive to the problem. and physical development by improving
Make suggestions to the people living sensory development, reducing obesity and
alone and the authorities to ensure that such stimulating blood cells.
attacks do not take place. [8] These outdoor games can ward off health
OR problems. These also inculcate in them the
You are Ravi / Raveena, Sports Secretary fighting spirit and team spirit and hence,
of your school. Write an article in 100–120 the teenagers learn the importance of setting
words on the topic, ‘Importance of Outdoor goals, pursuing them and achieving them.
Games in the life of a teenager.‘ This boosts their self-esteem and their social
behaviour improves. They learn to adjust
Ans. Safdarjang Development Area
with others and work in team. They also learn
New Delhi to make strategy to win. Self talk, positive
23 March 20XX thinking and visualisation help them stay
above the pressures of the game and make
The Editor them win.
The New Indian News Outdoor names also give a sense of freedom.
33, Gole Market Teenagers feel that they can do and achieve
New Delhi anything in life. In this age, where children
are so tech-savvy, it might be challenging
Sub : Attacks on old people
for parents to push them for outdoor games
Sir, but these games help them in the overall
Through the columns of your reputed development of their personality.
newspaper, I show my deep concern and 4. Write a story in 150-200 words with the help of
draw the attention of the government towards the following outline. Give it a suitable title
the growing feeling of fear and insecurity also. [10]
among people due to frequent attacks on old Bunya was a foolish boy, who was an attention
people living alone. seeker. He was a woodcutter and would go
deep into the jungle to cut trees. One day he Then the crowd scattered. I could not believe
wanted to do an act of mischief. He shouted that touching a pole could be so dangerous.
at the top of his voice, ‘‘There’s a tiger, tiger, Hence, I learnt a lesson to be careful of the
there’s a tiger .... ....‘‘ electric current.
OR 5. Fill in any four of the following blanks

On Sunday I was watching TV. Suddenly I choosing the most appropriate options from
heard people shouting outside... the ones given below. Write the answer in
Ans. NOBODY BELIEVES A LIAR your answer-sheet against the correct blank
numbers. [1 × 4 = 4]
Bunya was a foolish boy who was an attention
seeker. He was a woodcutter and would go Delhi …(a)… the capital of India. People from
deep into the jungle to cut trees. One day, he all parts …(b)… the country and world come
wanted to do an act of mischief. He shouted to visit Delhi. There …(c)… many historical
at the top of his voice, ‘‘There’s a tiger, tiger, buildings here. Last year I, …(d)… Delhi. I also
there’s a tiger ...... .‘‘ The farmers in the watched …(e)… Commonwealth Games 2010.
neighbouring area heard the voice and his cries (a) (i) was (ii) is (iii) are (iv) being
for help. They left all of their work and came
(b) (i) of (ii) from (iii) for (iv) at
running to help the boy. When they came to
the spot, they did not see any sign of a tiger. (c) (i) being (ii) are (iii) been (iv) were
The farmers asked the boy, ‘‘Was it you who (d) (i) visit (ii) visiting
cried for help? Where is the tiger?’’ The boy (iii) visited (iv) will visit
laughed and said, ‘‘I was just having fun. There (e) (i) a (ii) an (iii) the (iv) some
is no tiger here. Go away.’’ The farmers got very
Ans. (a) (ii) is (b) (i) of
angry. They scolded the boy and went away.
(c) (ii) are (d) (iii) visited
Next day, the boy played the same trick and
(e) (iii) the
thus, annoyed the farmers once again. A few
days later, a tiger came there for real. The boy 6. The following paragraph has not been edited.
was petrified. He climbed up a tree. He looked There is an error in each line. Write the error
here and there helplessly and shouted for help along with its correction in the space provided.
but the farmers in the nearby areas felt that he Do any four. [1 × 4 = 4]
was trying to befool them again. So there came Error Correction
no help. Everybody was irritated by his foolish Sachin Tendulkar is a best e.g. a the
tricks. Finally, the tiger killed the boy. Hence, cricketer in India. He has play for (a) ____ ____
we should never lie as nobody believes a liar. more than 20 years on the country. (b) ____ ____
OR He retired from the games (c) ____ ____

THE UGLY FACE OF ELECTRIC CURRENT last year. He is know for (d) ____ ____
On Sunday, I was watching TV. Suddenly, I his skill in batting or fielding.
(e) ____ ____
heard people shouting outside. I got up to peep Ans. Error Correction
out of the window to see what had happened. (a) play played
To my horror and surprise, I saw a boy clinging (b) on for
to an electric pole. People were shouting and (c) games game
asking him to leave it. But he could not get off (d) know known
from the pole and was continuously electrified.
(e) or and
If anybody tried to touch him, he too got the
7. Rearrange any four the following words/
current. His mother was utterly shocked and
was crying. People were trying various things phrases to make meaningful sentences :
to help him but all went in vain. Then came [1 × 4 = 4]
a wise man. He understood the situation. He (a) that life began/ centuries ago/ scientists think/
immediately called the electricity board and twenty million/ on earth/ about
told them to switch off the lights from the (b) endless process/ the plants and animals/ of
main board. As soon as the action was taken, evolution/ are the products/ of an
the young boy fell off. He was unconscious. (c) are/ their/ animals / products of/ all the/
Immediately, he was rushed to the hospital. environment
(d) lose/ habitat/ human/ due to/ their/ the animals/ (c) ‘Me‘ is compared to a mermaid.
encroachment (d) ‘Blissfully’ is the word opposite to
(e) the/ habitat/ regrowth/ rate of/ is/ very slow / sorrowfully.
of 9. Answer any four of the following questions
Ans. (a) Scientists think that life began on earth in 30-40 words each : [2 × 4 = 8]
about twenty million centuries ago.
(i) How did Kisa Gotami realise that life
(b) The plants and animals are the products and death is a normal process?
of an endless process of evolution.
(ii) Why did Maddie write a note to Peggy
(c) All the animals are products of their and then tore it?
environment.
(iii) How can you say that Horace Danby was
(d) The animals lose their habitat due to good and respectable but not completely
human encroachment. honest?**
(e) The rate of regrowth of habitat is very slow. (iv) What difficulty do the crew of the space
SECTION – C probe face on the Earth?**
(LITERATURE) 30 (v) What was the most fascinating thing that
Valli saw on the street?
8. Read the extracts given below and answer the
questions that follow : [1 × 4 = 4] Ans.
When I casually mentioned this to a friend, he (i) Kisa Gotami was devastated by the death of her
casually replied that I had better get one in the only son. When, Buddha asked her to bring a
Tigris marshes, for there they were as common handful of mustard seeds from a house where
as mosquitoes, and were often tamed by the people had not lost a loved one to death, her
Arabs. We were going to Basra to the Consulate- futile search for such a house made her realise
the bitter truth that everything in this world
General to collect and answer our mail from
is subject to death. She eventually realised
Europe. At the Consulate-General we found
that life and death is a normal process and is
that my friend‘s mail had arrived but that mine
common to all.
had not.**
(ii) Maddie wrote a note to Peggy to make her stop
(a) What was ‘they‘?
making fun of Wanda. But she tore it because

(b) Where could the author get ‘one‘? she thought that it could annoy Peggy and

(c) Find the exact word from the extract which peggy could make fun of her instead.
means ‘domesticated'? (v) The most fascinating thing that Valli saw on

(d) What did the author find at the Consulate- the street was the bus that travelled between
General? her village and the nearest town filled with
OR new set of passengers each time.
(There is a languide, emerald sea, 10. Attempt the following questions in 100–120
words : [8]
where the sole inhabitant is me
Bholi is a child different from others. This
a marmaid drifting blissfully.) difference makes her an object of neglect and
Question : laughter. Elaborate.
(a) Who does ‘me‘ stand for? OR
(b) How does ‘me‘ feel? The poet in the poem, ‘For Anne Gregory‘
conveys that we should given importance to the
(c) Who is ‘me‘ compared to?
inner beauty and not to the physical appearance.
(d) Which word in the extract means opposite Elaborate with reference to the poem.**
of ‘sorrowfully‘?
Ans. Bholi is not able to speak clearly. She stammers
Ans. OR when she speaks. She has pock marks on her
(a) ‘Me‘ stands for the child, Amanda. face. She is neither pretty nor street-smart. She
(b) She feels that she should also be free and has a fear which does not let her mingle with
relaxed as a mermaid sailing in the sea others. That is why she is different from others.
freely. But the society does not tolerate difference
easily. No one likes her and she becomes an
** Answers are not given due to the change in present syllabus.
object of neglect and laughter. They all ridicule OR
her and make fun of her. As a result, she talks What is the main theme of “The Diary of a Young
very little and has isolated herself. To add to her Girl’’?
agony, her parents don‘t treat her right. They too OR
consider her ugly, never make new clothers for “The best and most beautiful things in the world
her or encourage her. Instead of supporting her can’t be seen or even touched. They must be
and encouraging her, her mother considers her felt with the heart.’’ Justify the famous quote of
witless and calls her a dumb cow. Helen Keller.
11. Answer the following question in 200-250 OR
words :** [11] Helen had a great love for animals and birds.
How did Kitty help Anne overcome her Write about this aspect of her character.
loneliness?
ll
Delhi [Set-II]
Note : Except for the following questions all the  If you are near a heart patient or someone
remaining questions have been asked in the who has pacemaker
previous sets. Ans. 7/9
Kunj Apartments
SECTION—B** Shimla
(WRITING AND GRAMMAR)30 23 March 20XX

3. You have lost your original certificates The Chairman
of class X and XII. You want to get their CBSE
Preet Vihar
duplicates issued but you do not know the
New Delhi
procedure. Write a letter to the Chairman,
CBSE, Preet Vihar enquiring about the fee Sub. : Issue of duplicate certificates
to be deposited, mode of payment, time Sir
taken by the board for issuing duplicate
I graduated class X and XII in the year 2016
certificates and any other formalities. You and 2018 respectively from CBSE Board.
are Tarun / Taruna, 7/9, Kunj Apartments, Unfortunately, I lost my original certificates
Shimla (100–120 words). [8] of class X and XII during my journey in
OR the train. Now, I urgently need duplicate
More and more people are used to carrying certificates of the same. I am ready to pay
mobile phones to their workplace. However, the fee needed for the process. Please let me
the use of mobile phones can be dangerous know the amount to be paid, the mode of
at certain times and places. Write an article payment and how much time will it take to
on the topic. ‘Mobile Phone Manners.‘ Take issue the duplicate certificates. If there is any
hints from the information that follows : other formality, please let me know.
Roll No — X 695962 year-2016
 The Government on Thursday banned the
XII 735012 year-2018
use of cellular phones at petrol pumps as
Thanking you
they could ignite the flammable vapours
Yours truly
present in the air.
Tarun / Taruna
 Don‘t use mobiles OR
 While driving MOBILE PHONE MANNERS
 Inside an aircraft By xyz
Telecom industry has brought the world
 When in an ICU closer. Using mobile phones is as natural
and common as eating food these days. In
** Answers are not given due to the change in present syllabus.
today‘s world, everyone can be seen using a far from the bank of the river. We were in the
mobile phone whether he is from the upper middle where water seemed to be very deep
strata of society or a poor man. Surely, it has and flow of the river was powerful. All of a
made things easy and smooth. But excess sudden the sky grew dark. A strong wind
of everything takes a price. One needs to be started blowing hard. The water became
careful about when mobile phone should not rough. The boat tossed up and down in the
be used. rampant water.
It is very risky and dangerous to use phones Luckily, we saw a plank floating in the water.
at petrol pumps as using them could ignite We both jumped and caught hold of the
the flammable vapours present in the air and plank. But the plank was too small to bear
could cause disaster. That is the reason why the weight of two. We both know that one of
the government has banned the use of phones us should leave it otherwise both of us will
at petrol pumps. drown. Then my friend said to me, ‘‘You are
It should not be used while driving as it a married man. You must live for your wife
diverts the attention of the driver, leading to and children. I am single. So I must go.‘‘ I was
accidents. shaken to hear that. I told him that he too had
It disturbs the patients in the hospital and a mother and a sister to take care of. But he
its use is harmful if one is near a heart insisted on leaving the plank and told me to
patient or someone who has a pacemaker. take care of his mother and sister. Saying this,
Its electromagnetic energy emission weakens he let go off the plank. He was drowned.
cell membranes and alters the handling of After the storm was over, I reached the bank
calcium in cells. of the river. Our other friends were very
It also levies a heavy find on those show use worried. They were waiting for use to come
mobile phones while driving. In aircrafts too, back. They all turned very sad to know about
instructions are given to switch off the mobile his drowning. After that we all went to his
phones. So, mobile phone users should know home and broke the sad news to his mother
mobile manners. and sister. They were shocked. I brought both
Take control of your phone. Don‘t let it control of them to my house. My family accepted
you! them with great love and warmth.
4. Develop a short story in 150-200 words Moral–True friends share joys as well as
which begins as of the following : [10] sorrows.
Last Sunday I along with my friends decided OR
to go to the riverside for a picnic. We planned THE CAPSELLER AND THE MONKEYS
to spend the whole day there, but ...... Give it There was a jungle between two villages.
a suitable title also. Many monkeys lived in the jungle. One day,
OR a capseller was passing through the jungle
With the help of the following cues, develop to go to another village. He was carrying a
a short story along with a title in 150-200 bundle of caps. On the way, he got tried. He
words : put the bundle aside, lay down under a tree
A cap seller carrying a bundle of caps ...... and fell asleep.
sleeps under a tree ..... puts the bundle beside He woke up after some time. He got upset
him ..... some monekys take away the caps...... when he saw that his box was open and
wakes up .... finds monkeys wearing caps ... the monkeys had taken away all the caps.
angry ... throws his own cap ..... monkeys Just then he looked up, there were so many
throw their caps .... collects ..... happy. monkeys on the tree. Each one of them had
Ans. TRUE FRIENDS a cap on his head. The capseller was angry.
Last Sunday, I along with my friends, decided He picked up a stone and threw it at the
to go to the riverside for a picnic. We planned monkeys. The monkeys plucked fruits from
to spend the whole day there, but as luck the tree and threw them at the capseller. Then,
would have it, the day turned out to be the capseller understood the trick. He knew
catastrophic. My friend and I set out on a how to get back his caps from the monkeys.
boating trip. We sailed the boat smoothly and They had the habit of copying others. The
talked merrily. Soon, we noticed we were very capseller took off the cap from his head
Other documents randomly have
different content
suppressing discoveries which were not patented. But, assuming
that to be possible in some cases, it operated even now, for it was
well known that Patents were bought up for the purpose of being
suppressed, and it was understood also that inventors were the
persons who derived the least advantage from their inventions. His
conclusion, therefore, upon the whole matter was that the time had
at last arrived—even if it had not arrived some time ago—at which
the public interest would be promoted by the entire abolition of the
present system of monopoly.
[This speech and the succeeding one have been obligingly revised
for the press by the speakers.]
SPEECH OF THE RIGHT HON. LORD
STANLEY, M.P.
Lord Stanley said that, agreeing substantially in the arguments of
the honourable and learned gentleman who had just sat down, he
should not have troubled the House if it had not been for the
circumstance that he was chairman of the Royal Commission which
sat upon the question of the administration of the Patent-Law some
years ago, and he thought, therefore, that it might be expedient he
should state what was the result which that inquiry produced upon
his mind. There was no doubt that, quite apart from the principle of
the law, the details of the law, as at present administered, were not
satisfactory; and, if the law were to continue in any form, he believed
that in the report of that Commission various suggestions would be
found by which the most prominent objections to its present working
might be removed, and fair trial might be given to the principle itself.
But it was impossible to carry on an inquiry of that kind, even limited
as it was—it was impossible, at least, for him, and he believed he
was not the only one in that position—without finding a doubt raised
in one’s mind whether any Patent-Law could be framed in such a
manner as not, upon the whole, upon the balance of good and evil,
to do more harm than good. That conclusion, he was bound to say,
was totally opposed to his earliest impressions upon the subject. He
resisted it for some time, but the more he had to look into this matter
—the more he had to consider how great were the practical abuses
and inconveniences of the existing system, and how difficult it would
be to remedy them—the more clearly it appeared to him that the evil
was really irremediable, being inherent in the principle itself. On this
subject of Patents there had been a certain amount of prejudice,
particularly in the minds of literary men, who appeared to think that
Copyright was only a modification of the same principle, and that if
Patents were abolished Copyright would follow. The analogy seemed
a plausible one, but he thought that, on being looked into, it would
not hold water. The difference was simply this: He did not rest it on
any abstract ground as to the distinction between invention and
discovery, but on the obvious fact that no two men ever did or ever
would write, independently of one another, exactly the same book;
each book, be it good or bad, would stand alone; whereas it might
happen, and often did happen, that two or three men, quite
independently of one another, would hit upon the same invention.
That alone established a distinction between the two cases. He was
not disposed to place the objection which he entertained to the
system of Patents upon the ground of any abstract impropriety in
giving a man a property in ideas. To a certain extent you did in the
case of Copyright recognise a certain qualified and temporary
property in ideas; and if it could be shown that a man’s ideas had
been of a nature to add greatly to the wealth of the country, he did
not think that any abstract considerations of the kind mentioned by
the honourable member (Mr. Macfie) would induce anybody to
grudge to such a man any reward to which he might fairly be entitled,
provided that that reward could be given in a manner free from
objection on other grounds. The objections which he felt to the
principle of Patents were threefold. In the first place, you could
hardly ever secure the reward going to the right man. In the next
place, you could not establish any proportion between the public
service rendered and the value of the reward received, nominally, for
that service. And, thirdly, you could not by any arrangement that he
had been able to discover, prevent very great inconvenience and
injury being inflicted upon third parties. With regard to the first point
—the difficulty of securing that the reward should go to the right man
—it must be remembered that a Patent did not, as some people
supposed, bring to the holder of it an immediate pecuniary
recompense. All that it did was to give him a right to prevent any one
else from using his invention without paying for it, and if that Patent
were infringed he was entitled to take legal proceedings. But
everybody knew that law was costly, and that Patent suits were the
most costly of all. It was notorious that Patents were continually
infringed by persons who well knew they were infringing them, but
relied upon the inability of the inventor to incur the expense of
defending his property. If a poor inventor took out a Patent, and the
Patent promised to be productive, in nine cases out of ten he was
obliged to sell it to some one who could command capital enough to
defend it in a court of law. If the Patent remained in his own hands, it
was quite sure to be infringed, and then he would probably be
crushed by the law expenses. He did not know whether it would be
possible to obtain accurate information upon this point, but he really
did not think he should be exaggerating if he said that in nine cases
out of ten—probably in 99 out of 100—the reward was obtained, not
by inventors or their representatives, but by persons who had bought
the Patent on speculation and at a very low rate. He said at a low
rate, because there was a great deal of uncertainty about such
property, and until a Patent was tested by actual working you could
hardly say whether it was valuable or not. What was the practical
effect of this? Why, that a few great firms in any branch of business,
buying up at a low rate any new Patent applicable to their business,
and prepared to fight for it, could so hamper other competitors as to
secure a practical monopoly. The reward, therefore, did not, as a
rule, go to the men who, on the ground of the public service
rendered by them, were intended to receive it. As to the second point
—that the reward might be great and the public service very small—
that had been dwelt upon by the honourable and learned gentleman
opposite, and little need be added to what had been said by him.
The merit and novelty of the invention might in many cases be
almost nothing, and, yet however obvious it might be, however much
it might lie, so to speak, in the high road of discovery, if it applied to
any article of general use, the pecuniary reward derived from it might
be absolutely out of proportion to the novelty or value of the
invention. It would be easy to give instances, but he apprehended
that the fact was familiar to every one who had studied this question.
Then, with regard to the injury to third parties, it commonly happened
that half-a-dozen men who were competing in the same line of
business were upon the track of the same discovery. Each of these
half-a-dozen men would probably have hit upon the invention which
was wanted, independently and without communication with the
other. But the first who hit upon it, and who took out a Patent for it,
was thereby entitled to exclude the general public and competitors
from the use of that which, if he had never existed, they would
probably have hit upon within a few weeks. A and B reached the
same point, one a week or a fortnight before the other, and A
became entitled, by the mere accident of such priority, to exclude B
from a process which, a little later on, B would have hit upon for
himself. Another case was that where the successful working of a
process depended not upon one, but upon several successive
inventions. The first two or three, not leading to any immediate
practical result, might not have been thought worth patenting. The
last link in the chain gave to the whole their commercial value, and it
was the person who took out the Patent for the last invention who
got the benefit of the whole, yet it might not be the most important
invention in the series. He would say nothing of the inconvenience
and prejudice to manufacturers in general. That was obvious
enough, and the question was whether there was any
counterbalancing advantage. These were the considerations which
led him to the conclusion that it was impossible to defend our system
of Patent-Law as it stood. At the same time, he did not at all disguise
from the House that there were certain inconveniences and
difficulties in the way of abolishing Patents altogether. You had to
guard, in the first place, against the danger of encouraging inventors
to keep their discoveries entirely to themselves. In some branches of
business, no doubt, that would be possible, and the obvious effect
might be to shut out the public, for a much longer period than would
be the case if Patents were allowed, from the use of some valuable
invention. Then it had been suggested by the honourable member
who raised this debate that there might be a system of State rewards
for the encouragement of really meritorious inventions. Without
putting an absolute negative on that plan, he must observe that it
was one which could only be established at great cost, and it would
be a very difficult thing to apportion among inventors the rewards to
which they might think themselves entitled. The distribution of the
rewards would give rise to endless complaints, and would occasion,
however unjustly, suspicions of jobbing and partiality. With regard to
the suggestion thrown out by the honourable and learned gentleman,
of the possibility of granting Patents, not as a right, but as matters of
discretion only in certain limited and important cases, the Select
Committee considered that point, and he was bound to say that the
difficulty of carrying it out appeared to his mind almost insuperable.
There would be found great difficulty in drawing the line, and it would
not be an easy matter for any one to exercise so large a
discretionary power as to decide to what inventions Patents should
or not be granted. He did not know what tribunal would be fit to
exercise so great an authority, and he was sure that none would be
able to exercise it in a manner to give satisfaction to the public. The
most fit persons to decide in such a case would be the first to see
the difficulty of deciding on any intelligible principle, and would on
that ground decline to undertake the duty. Under these
circumstances it appeared that they were landed in a position of
great embarrassment. He was convinced that the Patent-Laws did
more harm than good, and if called on to say aye or no as to their
continuance, he should certainly give his vote against them; but, as
this was a matter which required particularly careful handling, he
should be content to leave the question in the hands of the
Government, and he thought it was well worth consideration whether
they could not, starting on the ground that the abolition of the Patent-
Laws, wholly or partially, was desirable, institute some inquiry with
the view of discovering, if possible, the best substitute for them in
certain cases.
PATENT RIGHT.
Paper by Mr. J. Stirling, Presented to the Glasgow Chamber of
Commerce, and published by permission.
First: Patent-right cannot be defended on the ground of justice.
The object of a Patent-Law is to establish a “property in ideas:” but
this involves the double fallacy that thought can and should be
appropriated. The end of all law is to ensure the universal freedom of
human action. Hence the law of property secures to every man the
product of his own labour. It gives to each an exclusive right to the
material embodiment of his productive energy, to be possessed or
alienated by him at will. But in so doing it leaves unrestricted the
productive energy of every other man. The freedom of one (as
represented by his property) is thus consistent with the freedom of
all.
But thought cannot be appropriated. In thought there is no material
product to be made the object of a proprietary right. There is no
“thing” to be possessed or alienated. The law can only, therefore,
give the exclusive use of an idea to one person by injuriously limiting
the intellectual activity of all others. A Patent-right, therefore, is less
a “property in ideas” than a monopoly of thought.
Again, a true right of property is universal in its application; it
extends to the products of all industry, however humble. But it is
instinctively felt, that a proprietary right applied to every individual
idea would be essentially absurd. Patent-Law, therefore, is
essentially partial in its application. It picks out certain favourite
ideas, and confers on them an anomalous and oppressive privilege.
There seems no good reason why the ideas of inventors should be
especially favoured. An invention is a means to a special end, and
should be recompensed by him who has the end in view. If any ideas
deserve a public recompense, it is those general ideas whose
application is of universal utility. But Patent-Law ignores the
discoverer of general ideas, and while conferring rewards, at the
expense of the community, on empty schemers and puffing
tradesmen, it passes over the services of a Newton or an Adam
Smith. The law of Copyright, indeed, gives to the philosopher a right
of property in his published and material works, but it leaves (most
justly) his ideas to be used and elaborated by whoso can and will.
Again, Patent-Law is founded on a conventional, not a natural,
right. It is not, like the ordinary law of property, based on an universal
intuition of the human conscience, but it is one of those laws by
which unwise legislators have striven so long and so vainly to give
an artificial stimulus to human industry. Hence the arbitrary nature of
its enactments. The ordinary right of property is unlimited in its
duration—passing from generation to generation. But common
sense revolts, instinctively, against a perpetual monopoly of thought.
A Patent-Law, therefore, can never be more than a weak
compromise with principle—the legislator undertaking to secure to
the patentee his ideal property during the biblical term of seven or
fourteen years. Now, if the inventor have a right at all, he has a right
to more than this. To cut down a real and acknowledged right of
property to seven, or even fourteen, years were a grievous wrong.
Patent-right goes too far, or not far enough. Either a Patent is no
right at all, or it is a right for all time. If ill-founded, it is a robbery of
the public; if well-founded, of the patentee.
Mere priority affords no good ground for the exclusive right to an
invention. The free exercise of thought is the common right of all.
Wherefore if A excogitate a principle to-day, and B, by independent
thought, excogitate the same principle to-morrow, both have an
equal right to benefit by the discovery; and A has no natural right to
debar B from the legitimate fruit of his intellectual effort. It may be
even that A had no real priority of thought, but was only more
knowing, more greedy, or was simply nearer to a patent office, and,
though latest in arriving at the idea, was the first to secure a legal
monopoly of its use. To found a right on such a race for priority is
evidently irrational. The simultaneousness of discoveries and
inventions by different minds, is a well-established fact in the history
of science. Certain facts and reasonings, all tending in a given
direction, are before the world. These act simultaneously on various
minds, and produce in each the same development of thought. Now,
with what justice do we pick out one of these many thinkers and give
him a monopoly of the common thought? Nor is the injustice
confined to the original idea, of which we grant a monopoly. By tying
up one idea, we stop the whole course of thought in a given
direction, and thus interfere generally, and to an indefinite extent,
with the intellectual activity of other men.
The inventor benefits by the ideas of the community, and has,
therefore, no right to a special privilege for his idea. The universal
thought of mankind is a common good; all benefit by it freely, and all
are bound freely to contribute to it. Every thinker owes an
incalculable debt to society. The inventor has the benefit of all
foregone human thought, of all existing civilization. He has the
unbought advantage of all laws, all language, all philosophy. He has
the free use of all the methods and appliances, spiritual and material,
which have been painfully elaborated by the thinkers and workers of
all time. Why, then, should he alone have an exclusive privilege, in
respect of the infinitesimal addition which he may make to the work
of ages?
Secondly: Patent-right cannot be justified on the lower ground of
expediency. The object of a Patent-Law, in the supposed interest of
the community, is to stimulate invention. But invention needs no
artificial stimulus. Nature has amply provided all needful and
wholesome encouragement, in the additional profit afforded by
improved methods of production. In the natural course of business,
every producer is spurred on by his material interests to invent for
himself or to encourage the inventions of others. The whole history
of industrial progress is an unceasing striving after improvement,
with a view to profit. The few thousand patented inventions are as
nothing compared with the innumerable improvements produced
daily and hourly in the ordinary course of business, with the vulgar
view of gain. The best stimulus to invention, therefore, will be found
in the natural competition of producers; but Patent-Law destroys this
competition by an unjust monopoly, and thus tends indirectly to
weaken the natural impulse to improvement.
Invention may be even over-stimulated. In all her arrangements,
Nature provides for a due equilibrium of powers and tendencies.
Thus the various faculties and temperaments of man—the sanguine
and the cautious, the speculative and the practical—are nicely
balanced. The result, when things are left to themselves, is a happy
combination of ingenuity and caution, and, as a consequence, a
continuous but prudent course of improvement. But if, by
conventional rewards, we give a factitious impulse to the inventive
faculty, we destroy the natural equilibrium of capacities, and foster a
scheming, fanciful turn of mind, at the expense of thoroughness and
a patient working out of sound ideas. This result has actually
occurred in the United States, where the factitious value attached to
invention has tended to produce an almost total sacrifice of solid
workmanship to a flimsy ingenuity.
Patent-Law does not even attain its proposed end of quickening
the progress of real improvement; on the contrary, it is found in
practice seriously to hinder it, the monopoly granted to one inventor
necessarily obstructing the progress of every other. Hence, an
eminent inventor has lately said: “The advance of practical science is
now grievously obstructed by those very laws which were intended
to encourage its progress.” That Patents seriously obstruct the
natural development of ideas, is best seen by the sudden advance
which usually follows the expiry of important Patent-rights. The
natural course of improvement, dammed back by artificial obstruction
during the continuance of the Patent, is set free on its conclusion,
and a new impulse is given to the development of ideas and their
practical application.
But the public is not the only sufferer by Patent-right. Without
doubt the heaviest evil falls on the patentee. The inventor is led to
give an excessive development to his talent, and is seduced into
reliance on a law that can give him no substantial protection. The
difficulty of defining original inventions is a practical bar to a
satisfactory Patent-Law. The whole history of Patents is a long-
continued story of litigation and disappointment; and the more
admirable the invention, the greater is the certainty of difficulty and
loss. It must be a worthless invention that the patentee is left to enjoy
in peace. Whenever a Patent is worth pirating, the inventor may
depend on being involved in a maze of litigation that disturbs his
peace and ruins his fortunes. And the more the Patent privilege is
extended, the worse the evil becomes; the intricacy and the
multiplicity of details baffling every attempt to define the rights of
competing inventors.
At this moment the heaviest complaints against Patents come
from our great inventors. They repudiate the proffered privilege as
“injurious to inventors,” and complain of being “borne down by an
excess of protection.” As is natural, they who are most occupied with
the advancement of invention, feel most acutely the grievous
obstructiveness of the Patent-Law. Not enough that they have to
battle with natural difficulties; at every step they meet obstructions
which a well-meaning but perverse law places in their way. Nor do
these obstructive privileges confer any real advantage on the empty
schemers whose monopoly they establish: they merely give them the
vexatious power of hindering the progress of better men. The mere
“pen-and-ink inventor” has neither the energy, nor the perseverance,
nor the practical ability to mature his crude “idea;” but to this man the
law awards the dog-in-the-manger privilege of effectually obstructing
the natural progress of practical improvement.
These practical evils the advocates of Patent-Law do not deny; but
they attribute them to the defective execution of the law, not to its
vicious principle. Hence a never-ending cry, as in the case of all bad
laws, for more legislation, for more stringent regulation, for stricter
investigation, and more thorough registration of Patents. But no
tinkering at details can avail. The whole system is radically unsound;
and the only effectual remedy is to lay the axe to the root.
A sentimental plea in favour of Patent-right has been set up by
some, on the ground that the inventor—the man of thought, as he is
called—must be saved from the toils of the capitalist, ever ready to
prey on his superior intellect. This silly sentimentalism could only
originate in an utter ignorance of the relations which naturally subsist
between capital and talent. The capitalist is the natural ally of the
inventor, whom it is his interest to employ and encourage. It is a chief
part of the business of every producer to search out every one who
can help him to improved methods of production; and the
remuneration which, in one shape or another, it is the interest of the
capitalist to offer to the really clever inventor, will always form a surer
and more substantial reward than the delusive privilege of a legal
monopoly. As to the complaints we hear of neglected talent, we may
safely conclude that they arise more from the exaggerated
pretensions of conceited schemers, than from any obtuseness to
their own interests on the part of practical men of business, who
refuse to profit by their inventions.
On the whole, Patent-Law seems a blunder, founded on the
antiquated notion of giving State encouragement to certain favoured
modes of human activity. It is no part of the duty of the State to
stimulate or reward invention; the true function of Government is to
protect, not to direct, the exercise of human energy. By securing
perfect freedom to each individual, we shall best provide for the
progress of the community; nor can any law be conceived more
detrimental to the common weal than one which lays restrictions on
perfect freedom of thought.
ARE INVENTIONS PROPERTY?
BY M. T. N. BENARD,
Editor of the “Journal des Economistes,” July, 1868.
(Translated and Reprinted by his obliging consent.)
In the number of the Journal des Economistes for last December
there appeared a very conscientious paper on “Property in
Inventions,” by our learned colleague, M. le Hardy de Beaulieu. We
would have preferred that some master of the science had published
an answer to this article, which it seems to us is based on a wrong
principle, and that he had given to the readers of this journal the
opposite view of those ideas so ably set forth by the honourable
Professor of Political Economy at the Belgian “Musée de l’Industrie.”
We believe that this question has acquired sufficient importance
and reality to merit being fully argued and cleared up; and, no other
having taken up the pen in answer, we shall endeavour to set forth
the principle which alone appears to us true and admittable.
We throw out these ideas for discussion, hoping that the subject
will be taken up by one of our masters in the science, and that this
great debate will be carried out in a manner suitable to the
imperishable doctrines of justice and equity, which form the basis of
political economy.
I.
“The man who first made a hut,” says M. le Hardy de Beaulieu, “a
piece of furniture, a cloak, or some necessary of life, would no doubt
have thereby excited the envy of his neighbours, and he would
frequently have been deprived of these objects by violence or by
strategy, before it would be generally allowed that they ought to
belong to him who made them, and that it was at once the duty and
the interest of the community to guarantee him their possession
against every attack.”
We acknowledge that the man who first constructed a hut was
perfectly right in making good his claim against those who would
have deprived him of it, and that he was justified in vindicating his
claim by force. He had employed his time and strength in building
this hut; it was undoubtedly his, and his neighbours acted up to their
natural right and in their own interests in helping him to oppose the
intruder. But there ended both the right of the individual and that of
the community.
If this first man, not content with claiming his hut, had pretended
that the idea of building it belonged exclusively to him, and that
consequently no other human being had a right to build a similar
one, the neighbours would have revolted against so monstrous a
pretension, and would never have allowed so mischievous an
extension of the right which he had in the produce of his labour.
Nevertheless, this man had exercised imagination and
combination; he had invented the shape, the size, and the
arrangement of the whole structure; he was the first to conceive—
probably after many efforts of mind and thought, after long study,
after observations made on the nests of birds and the hut of the
beaver—that pile of branches, of dead wood, of leaves and of
stones, of which its shelter is formed. He was an inventor of the first
class. How is it, then, that the sentiment of justice which prompted
him to claim his property did not prompt him at the same time to
claim exclusive possession in the idea, the result of a long train of
reflection? How is it that the same sentiment of justice which induced
his neighbours, the community, to lend him armed force to preserve
for him the possession of his hut, did not go so far as to grant him a
property in his idea? No one dreamed of asking him for the
permission to imitate what he had made; no one thought he was
committing a crime, or doing him a wrong, in making a copy of his
hut.
Property can be a right only when its principles tend to the general
good and are useful in advancing the interests of the human race.
And if, in our day, imitation of an invention is not generally
considered as guilty an act as robbery of tangible property, it is
because every one understands the difference between an idea and
a thing made or done.
The inventor of a particular weapon, or certain furnishings, or
tools, had all possible rights in the constructing and possession of
these weapons, furnishings, or tools; but these rights could not be
extended to the hindering of his neighbours from making tools,
furnishings, or weapons, in every way similar. If the community had
admitted an exclusive right in these inventions, it would have died in
its germ, civilization would have been a dead letter, and man would
have been unable to fulfil his destiny.
Thus far, then, there was not, nor could be in principle, any
question of exclusive right of invention. This right was only thought of
when all notions of social right had been obscured by laws which,
like that of Henry II., declared that the right of labour belonged to the
Crown, and when there had grown up the idea of licensing labour
and granting exclusive privileges for its exercise. The institution of
the pretended property in inventions was a retaliation against the
suppression of the abusive right of masterships and corporations.
II.
Doubtless invention, as M. le Hardy de Beaulieu remarks, consists
in the discovery of a new scientific principle; but we cannot admit,
with the learned Professor, that the new application of a principle
already known, that the discovery of a natural agent hitherto
unknown, or of new properties or other modes of action of natural
agents, or of materials previously discovered, are inventions.
It is probable that coal was known long before any one thought of
putting it in a stove to be used as fuel. It is certain that stone was
known long before any one thought of employing it in the
construction of walls.
To pretend that the discovery of the combustible quality of coal, or
of the use to which stone might be put, gave a right to the discoverer
to exact from his neighbours the payment of a royalty before
employing this fuel, or this material for construction, is also to grant
that he who, centuries before, had thought of burning wood to warm
himself, or of seeking the shelter of a cave, ought also to be
recompensed for the trouble he had in discovering, appropriating,
and working out either this source of heat or this means of shelter.
Invention, we acknowledge, consists in the discovery of a new
scientific principle; it can often place, as M. le Hardy de Beaulieu
says, new gratuitous forces at the disposal of the community; but
does it follow that the inventor has an exclusive right in the property
of this discovery? We think not. The inventor of the compass,
whoever he was, has rendered an immense service to the
community; but could his invention be claimed as private property?
Does it not, on the contrary, enter with perfect justice into the public
domain?
Napier, the discoverer of logarithms, has rendered the most signal
service to calculators and navigators; but can his invention, the
knowledge of which may, either orally or by the printing-press, be
extended indefinitely—which any one may use privately, in the quiet
of the study—be put upon the same footing as landed property,
which a single man may cultivate—as house property, which may
belong to one or several, and which cannot be seized upon without
its being observed, and to the great scandal of all? Evidently not.
And if the law has never tried to appropriate inventions of this
class, it is because there must be something tangible, limited, and
final, giving the power to regulate its employment or possession.
It is not correct to say, besides, that the inventor does not deprive
the community of any portion of the common property which it
possessed before the invention. Before the invention the thing
discovered existed in embryo—in nature. This germ was multiple; it
existed as frequently as there were men; and the inventor pretends,
by the property in it which he claims, to deny it to all others and to
hinder its germination.
The right of the inventor is limited to that of working out his idea; it
is identical with that of a man who has discovered and cleared a
field; but it is not, like his, exclusive. He who invents and he who
clears can possess their property as long as they like and as they
like; but there is this difference between the field and the invention:
the first can be cultivated only by one without doing an injury to the
proprietor, while the invention may be used by several without
hindering, diminishing, or suppressing the working of it by the
inventor.
I have cleared a field, and cultivate it; if one of my neighbours
desires also to cultivate the same field, he hinders me from
exercising my right—he interferes with my working—he
dispossesses me.
I have discovered the combustible nature of coal: in what way
does my neighbour, who cooks his food on a coal fire, hinder me
from exercising my right, or interfere with the working of my
faculties? of what does he dispossess me?
III.
We have not, as we think, to take into consideration more or less
the difficulties of inventors; we have not to inquire if every invention
requires a more than ordinary degree of intelligence, special
knowledge, great perseverance, &c. There is a multitude of
occupations in life which require all these qualities, but no one has
ever pretended that on account of these qualities, probable sources
of success for them, they had a right to any favours, immunities, or
privileges.
The inventor of a useful discovery has quite as much, or more,
chance of making a fortune as the manufacturer who confines
himself to the beaten tracks, and only employs the known methods;
this last has had quite as much risk of being ruined as any searcher
after discovery. We believe that they are on an equality as to
position; for if the inventor may be ruined in not finding what he
seeks, the manufacturer may see all his looms or his machines
rendered useless, all his outlets closed, by the introduction of a
cheaper means of production. Why make a golden bridge for him
who enters the arena with arms more subtle and more finely
tempered than those of his adversary?
Notice that the manufacturer also renders a service to the
community—no doubt in seeking his own profit; but is it not so with
the inventor? Why then demand a reward for the one which is not
asked for the other?
The manufacturer who, in using the old looms, manages his
factory so as to reduce his prices by 10 or 20 per cent., and who in
consequence can furnish stockings (supposing him to be a stocking
manufacturer) to a number of those who were not rich enough to buy
them at the old prices, undoubtedly does a service to the community
equal to that which it would receive from the invention of a machine
which would make the stockings 10 or 20 per cent. cheaper.
The farmer who by superior ploughing, more skilful manuring, or
more careful weeding, increases the yield from two to three quarters
per acre—does not he also render a signal service to the
community?
The sailor, who finds the means of shortening voyages by utilising
certain currents or winds, in modifying the spread of his sails, &c.—
does not he increase the gratuitous natural forces placed at the
disposal of the community?
Why, then, if there is question of rewarding this class of services,
should they not ask for privileges, favours, and exclusive rights?
Why not go so far as forbid any one to arrange his factory on the
plan of the manufacturers of whom we have been speaking? Why
not forbid any farmer to weed, plough, or manure, like his neighbour;
or any sailor to follow the track of the first, without paying to those
who gave the example a previous and perpetual royalty?
IV.
“The property of an invention having required for its creation the
same labour as that of the soil, and this work offering less chance of
success and results of probable less duration, it is as legitimate at
least as landed property,” says M. le Hardy de Beaulieu; “and there
is no argument against it which may not be applied with equal force
to the individual and permanent occupation of the soil.”
The soil, to render all the productions that the community has a
right to expect from it, ought to become and remain a personal
individual property. Invention, on the other hand, cannot give all the
results that society can draw from it, unless it be public property.
Herein lies the immense and irreconcilable difference between
property in land and that of invention. Besides, land cannot become
unfertile, unproductive, or lose all its value as property, except by
some convulsion of nature which would deeply unsettle it. An
invention, on the contrary, may become quite valueless in ten years,
one year, a fortnight even, after being discovered, and that by the
superiority of a subsequent invention.
What becomes, then, of the property of this invention? What is its
worth? Has the inventor a right to damages?
If you construct near my field a factory from which escape noxious
vapours, hurtful to vegetation, and if I can show that you have
deteriorated or destroyed my crops, you, according to the laws of
every civilised nation, owe me damages; would you claim damages
of the inventor, whose discovery had rendered that of one of his
predecessors partially or completely unproductive? If property in
invention is equal to property in the soil, damages are incontestably
due. We do not think that a single advocate for this class of property
has, however, dared to carry his logic thus far.
The proprietor of a field may leave it uncultivated, the proprietor of
a house may leave it shut up as long as he likes; no law obliges to
put in a tenant, or to open it for lodgers. The laws of all countries
contain, with slight modifications, the following clause, quoted from
Art. 32 of the Law of 1844:—“Will be deprived of all his rights ... the
patentee who shall not have commenced the working of his
discovery or invention in France within two years, dating from the
day of the signature of the Patent, or who shall have ceased working
it during two consecutive years, unless that, in one or other case, he
can satisfactorily explain the causes of his inaction.”
It would be very easy for us to cite other differences in the nature
of these two classes of property; we shall only refer to one more,
which points out how solid is the property in land, and how uncertain
and ephemeral the so-called property of invention. Land, considered
as property, increases in value from day to day; there is no invention
whose value does not diminish daily.
M. le Hardy de Beaulieu further adds, that “the inventor, in taking
exclusive possession of his idea, harms no one, since he leaves all
which previously existed in the same condition in which he found it,
without in any way lessening the social capital on which he drew.”
We should require, however, to come to an understanding as to what
may be called the social capital; for if the exclusive property of
invention had existed from the germination of the idea which led to
the construction of the first hut to the making of the earliest weapons,
tools, and furniture, it is difficult to know where we should find it. By
putting property in invention on the same footing as property in the
soil, all that man uses or consumes would belong to the descendants
of the first inventors, and every one would require to pay a sort of
rent for its use. The inventor of the wheelbarrow would have to pay a
royalty to the inventor of wheels, and the maker of the plainest pump
would pay an annual rent to the inventor of the lever or piston; there
would not, there could not, be any social capital.
But it is wrong to say that the exclusive possession of an idea
hurts no one, because it leaves what previously existed in the same
condition. I, or my neighbour, might put together ideas to form the
basis of an invention; this faculty of combination belongs to each of
us; with exclusive possession it belongs only to one. It cannot be
said, then, that no one is hurt, and that everything remains in the
same position.
After having said that the property of invention is in every respect
similar to property in the soil, M. le Hardy de Beaulieu places,
nevertheless, boundaries to the extent and duration of the first. He
says: “It is not meant precisely that property in an invention ought to
extend over the globe, nor that its duration should have no limit in
time; all property, in fact, is bounded by the cost of preservation,
maintenance, and working, which it requires, already, long before the

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