Differentiation

of Trigonometric Function
by : Kevint
 Differentiation of Algebraic Function

The Rules of Differentiation :

In general,
dy
y = kx n
dx
= y ' = knx n −1

Rule 1 : Addition/Subtraction Rule

y =  f ( x)  g ( x)
dy dy
=  f ( x)  = g ( x)
dx dx
 Differentiation of Algebraic Function

Example-1
Differentiate each of the following form:
(a). y = 4 x 3 + 2 x 2 − 5 x
(b). y = 1 − 2 x + 3 x 2
2 x
(c). y = −
x
 Differentiation of Algebraic Function

Rule 2 : Chain Rule

dy
y = u ( x ) = y ' = nu ( x )  u ' ( x)
n n −1

dx
Rule 3 : Product Rule
y = u ( x )  v( x )
dy
= y ' = u ' ( x )  v( x ) + u ( x)  v' ( x)
dx

Rule 4 : Quotient Rule

u (x ) dy u ' ( x )  v( x ) − u ( x)  v' ( x)
y= = y' =
v( x ) dx v(x )2
 Differentiation of Algebraic Function

Example-2
Differentiate each of the following form:
(a ). y = (3 x + 2 )
5

(b). y = 12( x 2 − 3) 3
2x + 4
(c). y =
5 x 3 + 3x − 1
(d ). y = (3 x + 2 ) ( x − 1)
7 2
 Differentiation of Algebraic Function

Example-3
Differentiate each of the following form:
8
a. y = 5x 3 − 4 x + x2
b. y = 2x + 3 x 2 − 5
5x2 +1
c. y =
3x−1
d. y = 4x − 1 6
 Trigonometric Identities
sin x sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 cos 2 x = cos 2 x − sin 2 x
tan x =
cos x 1 + tan 2 x = sec 2 x cos 2 x = 1 − 2 sin 2 x
1 sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x cos 2 x = 2 cos 2 x − 1
csc x =
sin x o o o o o
1 0 30 45 60 90
sec x =
cos x 1 1 1
Sin 0 2 2 2
2
3 1
1
cot x = 1 1 1
tan x Cos 1 2 3
2
2
2 0
Tan 0 1
3 1 3 
3
Derivative of Trigonometric Function

F(x) F’(x)
Sin x
Cos x
Tan x
Csc x
Sec x
Cot x
 Derivative of Trigonometric Function

Example-4
Differentiate the trigonometric function below:
(a). y = 2 sin x − x 4 + 4
(b). y = x cos x
(c). y = cos 2 x
(d). y = 2 sin 5 x
 Derivative of Trigonometric Function

Example-5
Differentiate the trigonometric function below:
(a). y = sin 3 x
(b). y = cos(3 x 2 + 3 x − 1)
(c). y = cos 3 (5 x + 1)
(d). y = x 2 sin 3 x
 Derivative of Trigonometric Function

Example-6
Differentiate the trigonometric function below:
x
(a). y =
x + sin x
1 + sin x
(b). y =
cos x
sin 3 x − cos 5 x
(c). y =
tan x
 Equations of Tangent

• Atangent is a straight line which

touches a curve at a point
• Equation of the tangent is :
y = mx + c
(x1,y1) where : m = f ' ( x )
1

• Equation of the tangent at point (x1,y1)

is : y − y = m(x − x )
1 1
 Normal To A Curve

• Anormal to a curve is a line which is

perpendicular to the tangent at the point
Normal 𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
of contact. line
• Equation of the normal is :
y = mx + c
where : 1
m=−
f ' ( x1 )
• Equation of the normal at point (x1,y1) is :
y − y1 = m(x − x1 )
Equations of Tangent and Normal To A Curve

Example-7
Find the equation of the tangent and the normal to the curve
y = x 3 − 2 x 2 + 3 at point where x =2.
Equations of Tangent and Normal To A Curve

Example-8
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve f ( x) = 2 x 2 − 3 x + 1
at the point where x =2.
Equations of Tangent and Normal To A Curve

Example-9
Apoint P(4, 7) lies on the curve y = x 2 − 6 x + 15
a. Find the gradient of the curve at Pand the equation of the
normal at this point.
b. Find the coordinates of the point where this normal cuts the
curve again.
The tangent at another point Qis perpendicular to the tangent at P.
c. Find the x-coordinate of Q.
Equations of Tangent and Normal To A Curve

Example-10
1
Find the equation of the tangent where 𝑥 = 4 𝜋 on the curve 𝑦 =
cos 3𝑥
Equations of Tangent and Normal To A Curve

Example-11
3
On the curve 𝑦 = 3 sin2 2𝑥 where 𝑥 = 4 𝜋 , find the equation of
(a). the tangent (b). the normal
Equations of Tangent and Normal To A Curve

Example-12
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve of y = 2 cos x + sin x
at the point where x =0.
Equations of Tangent and Normal To A Curve

Example-13
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve of y = cos 2 x − 2 cos x − 1

at the point where x =
2
 Higher Derivatives

dy
The function dx is also known as the first derivative of y with
respect to x.
dy d dy
Differentiating dx with respect to x, we had dx dx , which can be
d2 y
written as dx2 . (second derivative)
d2 y
If the function 2 is further differentiated with respect to x, the
dx
d3 y
third derivative 3 is obtained.
dx
 Higher Derivatives

y = f x = x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 4

dy
= f ′ x = 3x 2 + 4x + 3
dx

d2 y ′′ x = 6x + 4
= f
dx 2

d3 y ′′
3
= f ′ x =6
dx
 Higher Derivatives

Example-14
2x2
It is given that y = x−3
, where x ≠ 3.
dy d2 y
a. Find dx and dx2
dy d2 y
b. Find the range of values of x for which both dx and dx2 are
negative.
d2 y dy 2
c. Is dx2 = ? Showworking to support your answer.
dx
Increasing and Decreasing Functions

• Increasing function:
f ' (x )  0
• Decreasing function:
f ' (x )  0
 Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Example-15
Find the range of values of x for which y =x2 +2x +1 is an
increasing function.
 Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Example-16
Find the range of values of x for which y =2x3 –3x2 –36x is a
decreasing function.
 Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Example-17
State the range of value of x for which y =sin x +sin3x is an
increasing or a decreasing functions at x ∈ (−π, π).
 Pre-Knowledge

Solve these trigonometric equation :

1
a. sin x = 2 3
1
b. cos x = − 2
c. 3 tan 2x − 45° = − 3
 Stationary Points

There are some types of stationary point.

Maximum
Point
Minimum 𝑑𝑦
Point = 𝑦′curve = 0
𝑑𝑥
Inflection
Point
 Stationary Points

Point of Inflection
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦′curve = 0
𝑑𝑥

Point of Inflection

Gradient of the curve

on either side of the
point has the same
sign
 Stationary Points
dy
i. Astationary point is a point on a curve where the gradient =0
dx
dy
ii. Aminimumpoint is a stationary point on a curve where the gradient dx
changes sign fromnegative to positive as x increases through the point.
dy
iii. Amaximumpoint is a stationary point on a curve where the gradient
dx
changes sign frompositive to negative as x increases through the point.
iv. Astationary point of inflexionis a stationary point on a curve where the
dy
gradient dx does not change sign as x increasesthrough the point.
 Stationary Points

Example-18
Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 + 2
and determine the nature of these points. Hence, sketch the graph.
 Stationary Points

Example-19
Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 1and
determine its nature. Hence, sketch the curve.
 Stationary Points

Example-20
π
The curve with equation f x = 3 cos(x + 4 ) for which 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π.
a. Find the stationary point of f(x)
b. State the range of an increasing function f(x)
 Stationary Points

Example-21
Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve 𝑓 𝑥 =
sin 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 for which 𝑥 ∈ (−2𝜋, 2𝜋).
 Stationary Points

Example-22
The curve with equation 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 − 𝜋 + cos(𝑥 − 𝜋) for which
0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋.
a. Find the coordinates of the stationary points.
7π
b. Find the equation of tangent to a curve f(x) at point ,0
4
 Stationary Points

Example-23
The curve with equation 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + sin3 𝑥 for which 𝑥 ∈ 0,2𝜋 .
a. Find the x co-ordinates of the stationary points.
b. Find the co-ordinates of the stationary points.
c. Find the range valuesof 𝑥 for which the function is a decreasing or an
increasing function.
d. Determine the nature of each of the stationary points.
 Second Derivate Test
dy 𝑑2 𝑦
The gradient of any point on the curve of dx is 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 = 2 = 𝑓" 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Second derivative is used to :
1. Identify the nature of stationary point (a, f(a))
𝑎, 𝑓 𝑎 is max point if 𝑓" 𝑎 < 0
𝑎, 𝑓 𝑎 is min point if 𝑓" 𝑎 > 0

2. Identify the shape of the curve (or part of

𝑓′ 𝑥 is decreasing 𝑓′ 𝑥 is increasing curve)
when 𝑓" 𝑥 < 0

𝑓" 𝑥 < 0 𝑓" 𝑥 > 0 when 𝑓" 𝑥 > 0

𝑓" 𝑥 = 0 The solution is x=a Check f’(a) to determine the nature of x=a
 Second Derivate Test

Howto drawthe curve of f(x) :

#1. Find the stationary points (f’(x)=0)
#2. Find the other stationary point by solving f”(x)=0
#3. Determine the interval of each curvature shape
#4. Find some other points
#5. Plot all points in the cartesian and connect each point based to information in #3.
 Second Derivate Test

Example-24
Find the coordinate of the stationary points on the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 −
12𝑥 + 7 and determine the nature of these stationary points. Hence, sketch
the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 7.
 Second Derivate Test

Example-25
The curve with equation : 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 for which 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋]
a. Find the co-ordinate of stationary points.
b. Find the formof 𝑓" 𝑥 .
c. Find any other stationary point by solve f”(x) =0.
d. Determine shape of the curve and state the interval for each shape,
briefly.
e. Drawthe curve of function 𝑓 𝑥
 Second Derivate Test

Example-26
The curve with equation : 𝑓 𝑥 = cos 2𝑥 for which 𝑥 ∈ [0, 𝜋]
a. Find the co-ordinate of stationary points.
b. Find the formof 𝑓" 𝑥 .
c. Find any other stationary point by solve f”(x) =0.
d. Determine shape of the curve and state the interval for each shape,
briefly.
e. Drawthe curve of function 𝑓 𝑥