L11 Unit-4
L11 Unit-4
L11 Unit-4
10/29/2021 3
Biodiversity
• Biodiversity refers to the variety of life.
• It is a measure of the variety of organisms
present in different ecosystems.
• The sum total of various types of plants and
animals (producers, consumers, decomposers).
• It is an essential component of nature and it
ensures the survival of human species by
providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other
resources to mankind.
Importance
VALUE OFofBIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity
• 1. FOOD
• Penicillin
• Tetracycline
• Malarial drugs
• Anticancer drugs
• B. Productive values
(commercially usable value)
• Out of the total known species, about 60 % are insects, about 16 % are higher plants
and only about 0.3 % is mammals.
• The most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life and the most extraordinary
feature of life is its diversity.
• The three diversities are referred as genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
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LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY
• GENETIC DIVERSITY
• SPECIES DIVERSITY
• COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM
DIVERSITY
• SPECIES DIVERSITY – It is defined as the
variety of species within a region.
• GENETIC DIVERSITY – It is basically the
variation of genes within species.
• COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY – It
is the diversity at the level of community and
ecosystem.
Species diversity –
Classification of Biodiversity
Species diversity is a measure of the diversity
within an ecological community that
incorporates both species richness (the
number of species in a community) and the
evenness of species' abundances.
• Classification
Genetic diversity –of Biodiversity
Genetic diversity is the sum of genetic
information contained in the genes of
individual plants, animals, and micro-
organisms within same species.
Classification of Biodiversity
• EcoClassification
system diversity –of Biodiversity
Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety
of ecosystems in a given place.
Classification
Biogeographical of Biodiversity
Classification of India
India occupies 10th place among plant rich countries of the world.
Bio geographers have classified India into ten bio-geographic zones with each zone
having characteristic climate, soil, and biodiversity. These zones are described
below:
1. Trans Himalayas
2. Himalayas
3. Desert
4. Semi arid
5. Western Ghats
6. Deccan Plateau
7. Gangetic Plains
8. North East India
9. Islands
10. Coastal Area
Biogeographical Regions Of India
Biodiversity Hotspot
• Bengal Tiger
• Asiatic Lion
• Bengal Fox
• Indian Elephant
• Indian Rhinoceros
• Marbled Cat
• Proboscis
Monkey
Endangered Species Of India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzY-sDXpV3k
Factors Affecting Endangered Species
• Habitat destruction
• Human beings dispose wastes indiscriminately
in nature.
• Over-exploitation of natural resources and
poaching of wild animals.
• Climate change brought about by
accumulation of green houses gases.