MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS

SOLUTION : PRACTICE PAPER – 2

SECTION – A

Q. 1. (i) (c) p  q

3π
(ii) (a)
4
(iii) (b) k = 0 or − 3

(iv) (b) 5x − 2y − 3z = 7

8√ 2
(v) (a)
aπ
32
(vi) (b) sq units
3
(vii) (c) y ex = ex cos x + c
1
(viii) (a)
27

Q. 2. (i) cos θ = − 1 = cos π, where 0 < π < 2π

∴ θ=π
Hence, the principal solution is θ = π.

(ii) Comparing the equation px2 − qy2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get
a = p, 2h = 0, i.e. h = 0 and b = − q
Since lines represented by px2 − qy2 = 0 are imaginary lines, h2 − ab < 0
i.e. 0 − p (− q) < 0
i.e. pq < 0
This is the required relation between p and q.

(iii) s dx = s
√x+1 √ x+1
dx
x+√x √x (√x + 1)

=s dx = s x 2 dx
1
1 −

√x
1
x2
= +c=2√x + c.
( )
1
2

(iv) The equation of the line parallel to X-axis is y = b, where b is an arbitrary constant.
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy
=0
dx
This is the required D.E.

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 1

 SECTION – B
Q. 3. The negations of the given statements are :
(i) Some natural numbers are not whole numbers.
(ii) ∃ n ∈ N, such that n2 + n + 2 is not divisible by 4.

1 −1
Q. 4. AB = [ 1 2 3 ] ×  1 2 
1 −2 −3
1 −2

=[ 1(1) + 2(1) + 3(1) 1(−1) + 2(2) + 3(−2) ]

1(1) + (−2)(1) + (−3)(1) 1(−1) + (−2)(2) + (−3)(−2)

= [ 1 + 2 + 3 −1 + 4 − 6]
1 − 2 − 3 −1 − 4 + 6

=[ 6 −3 ]
−4 1

∴ | AB | = | | = 6 − 12 = − 6 ≠ 0
6 −3
−4 1
∴ AB is a non-singular matrix.
Hence, (AB)−1 exists.

Q. 5. Here, x = 1 and y = −e3

∴ the point lies in the fourth quadrant.
Let the polar coordinates be (r, θ).
Then, r2 = x2+y2 = (1)2 + (−e3)2 = 1 + 3 = 4
∴ r=2 ... [  r > 0 ]
x 1 y √3
cos θ = = and sin θ = = −
r 2 r 2
∴ tan θ = −e3
Since the point lies in the fourth quadrant and 0 ≤ θ < 2π
π
tan θ = −e3 = −tan
3
= tan (2π − )
π
... [ ∵ tan (2π − θ) = −tan θ]
3
5π
= tan
3
5π
∴ θ=
3
Hence, the polar coordinates of the given point are (2, ).
5π
3

Q. 6. Comparing the equation 3x2 − 4e3xy + 3y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get

a = 3, 2h = −4e3, i.e. h = −2e3 and b = 3.

Let θ be the acute angle between the lines.

∴ tan θ = | |
2√h2 − ab
a+b
2 g(− 2 √
=| |
3)2 − 3(3)
3+3

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 =| |=| |
2√12 − 9 2 √ 3
6 6
1
∴ tan θ = = tan 30°
√3

∴ θ = 30°.

Q. 7. Given : a = 3i − j − 2k, b = − i + 3j − 3k

i j k
∴ a × b =  3 −1 −2 
−1 3 −3
= (3 + 6) i − (− 9 − 2) j + (9 − 1) k

= 9i + 11j + 8k

and | a × b | = √92 + 112 + 82 = √81 + 121 + 64 = √266

1 1
Area of the parallelogram having diagonals a and b = | a × b | = √266 sq units.
2 2

π π
Q. 8. Let, if possible, a line in space make angles and with X-axis and Y-axis.
6 4
π π
∴ α= , β=
6 4
Let the line make angle γ with Z-axis.
 cos2α + cos2β + cos2γ = 1

∴ cos2 ( ) + cos2 ( ) + cos2γ = 1

π π
6 4

∴( ) +( ) + cos2γ = 1
√3 2 1 2
2 √2
3 1 1
∴ cos2γ = 1 − − = −
4 2 4
This is not possible, because cos γ is real.
∴ cos2γ cannot be negative.
π π
Hence, there is no line in space which makes angles and with X-axis and Y-axis.
6 4

Q. 9. y2 = ax3 + b
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy
2y = a × 3x2 + 0
dx
dy 3ax2
∴ =
dx 2y

∴( )
dy 3a(2)2
= = 2a
dx at (2, 3) 2(3)
= slope of the tangent at (2, 3)
Since the line y = 4x − 5 touches the curve at the point (2, 3), slope of the tangent at
(2, 3) is 4.

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 3

 ∴ 2a = 4 ∴ a=2
Since (2, 3) lies on the curve y2 = ax3 + b,
(3)2 = a(2)3 + b ∴ 9 = 8a + b
∴ 9 = 8(2) + b ... [∵ a = 2]
∴ b=−7
Hence, a = 2 and b = − 7.

Q. 10. Let I = s ex [ ] dx
x+2
(x + 3)2

= s ex [ ] dx
(x + 3) − 1
(x + 3)2

= s ex [ ] dx
1 1
−
x + 3 (x + 3)2
1
Let f (x) =
x+3
d
Then f  (x) = (x + 3)−1 = −1 (x + 3)−2 (1)
dx
−1
=
(x + 3)2

∴ I = ∫ ex [ f (x) + f  (x)] dx
1
= ex · f (x) + c = ex · +c
x+3

∴ s ex [ ]
x+2 ex
dx = + c.
(x + 3)2 x+3

Q. 11. s
1
dx
√3 + 2x − x2
0

=s
1
2
dx
√3 − (x − 2x + 1) + 1
0

=s
1
dx
√(2) − (x − 1)2
2
0

= [ sin−1 ( )]
x−1 1
2 0

= sin−1 (0)−sin−1 (− )
1
2

= 0−sin−1 ( −sin )
π
6

= −sin−1 [ sin (− ) ] = −(− ) = .

π π π
6 6 6

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 12. Y

2y
+ x=
8
x=2 x=4
X' O X

Y'

Required area = area of shaded region

= area under the line 2y + x = 8 between x = 2 and x = 4
4

= s y dx, where 2y + x = 8, i.e. y =

8−x
2
2

4 4

=s ( ) dx = s (8 − x) dx
8−x 1
2 2
2 2

= [ 8x − ]
2 4
1 x
2 2 2
1
= [(32 − 8) − (16 − 2)]
2
1 1
= (24 − 14) = × 10
2 2
= 5 sq units.

Q. 13. sec2x · tan y dx+sec2y · tan x dy=0

sec2x sec2y
∴ dx + dy = 0
tan x tan y
Integrating both sides, we get

s dx + s
sec2x sec2y
dy = c1
tan x tan y
Each of these integrals is of the type

s
f  (x)
dx = log | f (x) | + c
f (x)
∴ the general solution is
log | tan x | + log | tan y | = log c, where c1 = log c
∴ log | tan x · tan y | = log c
∴ tan x · tan y = c.

Q. 14. Given : n = 10, E (X) = 8

E (X) = np
∴ 8 = 10p
8 4
∴ p= =
10 5

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 5

 4 1
∴ q=1−p=1− =
5 5
Var (X) = npq

= 10 ( ) ( ) =
4 1 8
5 5 5
8
Hence, Var (X) = .
5

SECTION – C

Q. 15. sin θ + sin 3 θ + sin 5 θ = 0

∴ (sin 5 θ + sin θ) + sin 3 θ = 0

∴ 2 sin ( ) · cos ( ) + sin 3 θ = 0

5θ+θ 5θ−θ
2 2
∴ 2 sin 3 θ · cos 2 θ + sin 3 θ = 0
∴ sin 3 θ (2 cos 2 θ + 1) = 0
∴ either sin 3 θ = 0 or 2 cos 2 θ + 1 = 0
∴ either sin 3 θ = 0 or 2 cos 2 θ = −1
1
∴ either sin 3 θ = 0 or cos 2 θ = −
2

... [∵ cos = ]
π π 1
∴ either sin 3 θ = 0 or cos 2 θ = − cos
3 3 2

∴ either sin 3 θ = 0 or cos 2 θ = cos (π − ) ... [∵ cos (π − θ) = − cos θ]

π
3
2π
∴ either sin 3 θ = 0 or cos 2 θ = cos
3
The general solution of sin θ = 0 is θ = n π, n ∈ Z and cos θ = cos α is θ = 2n π ± α, n ∈ Z.
2π
∴ the required general solution is given by 3 θ = n π, n ∈ Z or 2 θ = 2n π ± , n∈Z
3
nπ π
i.e. θ = , n ∈ Z or θ = n π ± , n ∈ Z.
3 3

Q. 16. Comparing the equation

2x2 + xy − y2 + x + 4y − 3 = 0 with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get
1 1
a = 2, h = , b = − 1, g = , f = 2, c = − 3.
2 2
1 1
2
2 2
a h g 1
∴ D= h b f =  −1 2 
g f c 2
1
2 −3
2
1
Taking common from each row, we get
2

1 4 1 1
D=  1 −2 4 
8
1 4 −6

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 1
= [ 4 (12 − 16) − 1 (− 6 − 4) + 1 (4 + 2) ]
8
1
= [4 (− 4) − 1 (− 10) + 1 (6) ]
8
1
= (− 16 + 10 + 6) = 0
8

Also, h2 − ab = ( ) − 2 (− 1) = + 2 = > 0
1 2 1 9
2 4 4
Hence, the given equation represents a pair of lines.
Let θ be the acute angle between the lines.

∴ tan θ = | |
2√h2 − ab
a+b

2 i( ) − 2(− 1)
1 2
 2 
=
2−1

2i +2
1
 4  3
= =2× =3
1 2
∴ θ = tan −1
(3).

Q. 17. Let a, b and r be the position vectors of the points A, B and R respectively w.r.t. some
origin O. Then,

AR = (p.v. of R)−(p.v. of A) = r − a

RB = (p.v. of B)−(p.v. of R) = b − r
O

b
a
r

A m R n B
R divides seg AB internally in the ratio m : n
AR m
∴ = ∴ n · AR = m · RB and A−R−B
RB n
Now, AR and RB are in the same direction

∴ n · AR = m · RB

∴ n · (r − a) = m · (b − r)

∴ n·r−n·a=m·b−m·r

∴ m·r+n·r=m·b+n·a

∴ (m + n) r = mb + na

mb + na
∴ r=
m+n

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 7

Q. 18. Let a, b, c and g be the position vectors of A, B, C and G respectively.
Then a = 3i + j + 4k, b = − 4i + 5j − 3k and g = − i + 2j + k.
Since G is the centroid of the Δ ABC, by the centroid formula
a+b+c
g= ∴ 3g = a + b + c
3
∴ 3(− i + 2j + k) = (3i + j + 4k) + (− 4i + 5j − 3k) + c
∴ − 3i + 6j + 3k = (− i + 6j + k) + c
∴ c = (− 3i + 6j + 3k) − (− i + 6j + k)
∴ c = − 2i + 0 . j + 2k
∴ the coordinates of third vertex C are (− 2, 0, 2).

Q. 19. The shortest distance between the parallel lines r = a1 + λ b and r = a2 + μ b is given by

d=| |
∣ ( a2 − a1 ) × b ∣
∣b∣
The equations of given parallel lines are r = (2i − j + k ) + λ (2i + j − 2k ) and
r = (i − j + 2k ) + μ (2i + j − 2k )
∴ a1 = 2i − j + k, a2 = i − j + 2k, and b = 2i + j − 2k
∴ a2 − a1 = ( i − j + 2k ) − ( 2i − j + k )
= − i + k

i j k
∴ (a2 − a1) × b =  −1 0 1
2 1 −2
= (0 − 1)i − (2 − 2) j + (− 1 − 0)k
= −i − k

∴ ∣ (a2 − a1) × b ∣ = √(− 1)2 + 0 + (− 1)2

=√1+0+1=√2

Also, ∣ b ∣ = √22 + 12 + (− 2)2

=√4+1+4=3
∴ required shortest distance between the given parallel lines = | |=
√2 √ 2
units.
3 3

Q. 20. The vector equation of the plane passing through three non-collinear points A (a), B (b)
and C (c) is
r · (AB × AC ) = a · (AB × AC ) ... (1)
Here, a = i − 2j + k, b = 2i − j − 3k, c = j + 5k
∴ AB = b − a = (2i − j − 3k) − ( i − 2j + k )
= i + j − 4k
AC = c − a = ( j + 5k ) − ( i − 2j + k )
= − i + 3j + 4k

i j k
∴ AB × AC =  1 1 −4 
−1 3 4
= (4 + 12) i − (4 − 4) j + (3 + 1) k
= 16i + 4k

8 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 and a · (AB × AC) = (i − 2 j + k ) · (16i + 4k )
= (1)(16) + ( − 2)(0) + (1)(4) = 20
∴ from (1), the vector equation of the required plane is r · (16i + 4k ) = 20.

Q. 21. Let y = tan−1 ( )

2√ x
1 + 3x

= tan−1 [ ]
3√ x−√ x
1 + (3√x) (√ x)
= tan−1 (3ex) − tan−1 (ex)
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy d
= [ tan−1 (3ex) − tan−1 (ex) ]
dx dx
d d
= [ tan−1 (3ex) ] − [ tan−1 (ex) ]
dx dx
1 d 1 d
= 2
· (3ex) − 2
· (ex)
1 + (3√x) dx 1 + (√ x) dx
1 1 1 1
= ×3× − ×
1 + 9x 2√ x 1 + x 2√ x

[ ].
1 3 1
= −
2√ x 1 + 9x 1 + x

Q. 22. Let f (x) = cos x

d
Then f ′ (x) = (cos x) = − sin x
dx
π
Take a = 60° = and
3

h = 30′ = ( ) = ( × 0.0175) = 0.00875c

c
1 ° 1
2 2

Then f (a) = f ( ) = cos = = 0.5

π π 1
3 3 2

and f ′(a) = f ′( ) = − sin = −

π π √3 1.732
=− = − 0.866
3 3 2 2
The formula for approximation is
f (a + h ) ≑ f (a ) + h · f ′ (a)

∴ cos (60° 30′) = f (60° 30′) = f ( + 0.00875)

π
3
≑ f ( ) + 0.00875 · f ′ ( )
π π
3 3
≑ 0.5 + (0.00875) ( − 0.8660)
≑ 0.5 − 0.0075775 = 0.4924225
∴ cos (60° 30′) ≑ 0.4924.

1
Q. 23. Let I=s dx
3 + 2 sin x − cos x

Put tan ( )=t

x
∴ x=2 tan−1 t
2

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 9

 2dt 2t 1−t2
∴ dx = and sin x = , cos x =
1 + t2 1 + t2 1+t2

s
1 2dt
∴ I= ·
3+2 ( )−( )
2t 1−t 2
1 + t2
1 + t2 1 + t2

=s
1 + t2 2dt
·
3(1 + t ) + 4t − (1 − t ) 1 + t2
2 2

=2s
dt
2
4t + 4t + 2

=2 s
dt
2
4t + 4t + 1 + 1

=2 s
dt
(2t + 1)2 + 12

tan−1 ( )+c
2 2t + 1
=
2 1

= tan−1 [2 tan ( ) + 1] + c.
x
2

dy
Q. 24. ( x + 2y3 ) =y
dx

x + 2y3 1
∴ =
( )
y dy
dx
x dx
∴ + 2y2 =
y dy

dx 1
∴ − · x=2y2 ... (1)
dy y
dx
This is the linear differential equation of the form + P · x = Q, where
dy
1
P=− and Q = 2y2
y
1
∫ Pdy ∫ − dy
∴ I.F. = e =e y

log ( ) 1
1
−log y
=e =e y =
y
∴ the solution of (1) is given by x · (I.F.) = ∫ Q (I.F.) dy + c

∴ x ( ) = ∫ 2y2 × dy + c
1 1
y y
x
∴ = 2 ∫ y dy + c
y
x y2
∴ =2· +c ∴ x = y (c + y2)
y 2
This is the general solution.

10 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

Q. 25. Required probability = P (X > 33)
∞
= ∫ f (x) dx
33
35 ∞
= ∫ f (x) dx + ∫ f (x) dx
33 35
35
= ∫ f (x) dx + 0 ... [∵ f (x)=0, when x > 35]
33
35 1 1 35
=∫ dx = ∫ 1 dx
33 10 10 33

1 35 1
= [x]33 = [35 − 33]
10 10
2 1
= = .
10 5
Let F (x) be the c.d.f. of X
∴ F (x) = P [ X ≤ x ]
x
= ∫ f (x) dx
−∞
25 x
= ∫ f (x) dx + ∫ f (x) dx
−∞ 25
x
= 0 + ∫ f (x) dx ... [∵ f (x) = 0, when f (x) < 25]
25
x 1 1 x
=∫ dx = ∫ 1 dx
25 10 10 25

1 x 1
= [ x]25 = (x − 25)
10 10

x − 25
∴ F (x) = .
10

Q. 26. Let X = number of bombs hitting the target.

p = probability that bomb will hit the target
8 4 4 1
∴ p = 0.8 = = and q = 1 − p = 1 − =
10 5 5 5
Given : n = 10

∴ X ∼ B (10, )
4
5
The p.m.f. of X is given as :
P [X = x] = nCx px qn−x

i.e. p (x) = 10Cx ( ) ( )

x
4 1 10−x
, x = 0, 1, 2, ..., 10.
5 5
P (exactly 2 bombs will miss the target)
= P (exactly 8 bombs will hit the target)
= P [X = 8] = p (8)

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 11

 = 10C8 ( ) ( )
4 8 1 10−8
5 5

= 10C2 ( ) ( )
4 8 1 2
... [ ∵ nCx = nCn−x ]
5 5

= 45 ( 10)
10 × 9 48 45 × 48 216
= × 10 = 10
1×2 5 5 5
Hence, the probability that exactly 2 bombs will miss the target = 45 ( ).
216
510

SECTION – D

Q. 27. LHS = p ↔ q
≡ (p → q)  (q → p) ... (Biconditional Law)
≡ (∼ p  q)  (∼ q  p) ... (Conditional Law)
≡ [ ∼ p  (∼ q  p) ]  [q  (∼q  p)] ... (Distributive Law)
≡ [(∼p ∼q)  (∼p  p)]  [ (q  ∼q)  (q  p)] ... (Distributive Law)
≡ [(∼p ∼q)  F]  [F  (q  p) ] ... (Complement Law)
≡ (∼p ∼q)  (q  p) ... (Identity Law)
≡ (∼p ∼q)  (p  q) ... (Commutative Law)
≡ ( p  q )  (∼ p  ∼ q) ... (Commutative Law)
= RHS.

Q. 28. Let the cost of 1 pencil, 1 pen and 1 eraser be `x, ` y and ` z respectively.
Then, from the given conditions
4x + 3y + 2z = 60
2x + 4y + 6z = 90, i.e. x + 2y + 3z = 45
6x + 2y + 3z = 70
These equations can be written in the matrix form as :
4 3 2 x 60
 1 2 3   y  =  45 
6 2 3 z 70
By R1 ↔ R2, we get
1 2 3 x 45
 4 3 2   y  =  60 
6 2 3 z 70
By R2 − 4R1 and R3 − 6R1, we get
1 2 3 x 45
 0 −5 −10   y  = −120 
0 −10 −15 z −200
By R3 − 2R2, we get
1 2 3 x 45
 0 −5 −10   y  = −120 
0 0 5 z 40

x + 2y + 3z 45
∴  0 − 5y − 10z  = −120 
0 + 0 + 5z 40

12 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 By equality of matrices
x + 2y + 3z = 45 ... (1)
− 5y − 10z = −120 ... (2)
5z = 40 ... (3)
From (3), z = 8
Substituting z = 8 in (2), we get
− 5y − 80 = − 120
∴ − 5y = − 40 ∴ y=8
Substituting y = 8, z = 8 in (1), we get
x + 16 + 24 = 45
∴ x + 40 = 45 ∴ x=5
∴ x = 5, y = 8, z = 8
Hence, the cost is ` 5 for a pencil, ` 8 for a pen and ` 8 for an eraser.

Q. 29. A

c b

B D C
a

Let AD be the perpendicular from A to BC.

In right angled triangle ADC
AD
= sin C
AC
∴ AD=AC sin C=b sin C
1
Now, area of Δ ABC = × BC × AD
2
1
= ab sin C
2
∴ 2 (area of Δ ABC) = ab sin C
Similarly, 2 (area of Δ ABC) = ac sin B = bc sin A
∴ bc sin A = ac sin B=ab sin C
Dividing by abc, we get
bc sin A ac sin B ab sin C
= =
abc abc abc
sin A sin B sin C
∴ = =
a b c
a b c
∴ = = .
sin A sin B sin C
A
To prove that each ratio is equal to 2R :
The sum of the angles of Δ ABC is 180°, therefore at least one
c b
of the angles of the triangle is not right angle. Let angle A is
not right angle.
B a C
Draw diameter through A
meeting the circumcircle of Δ ABC at P.
P

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 13

 ∴ AP = 2R, where R is the circumradius.
Since ∠ ABC and ∠ APC are inscribed in the same arc, m ∠ ABC = m ∠ APC ... (1)
In right angled triangle ACP
AC b b
sin P = = =
AP AP 2R
b
∴ sin B = sin P = ... [By (1)]
2R
b
∴ = 2R
sin B
a b c
But = =
sin A sin B sin C
a b c
∴ = = = 2R.
sin A sin B sin C

Q. 30. First we draw the lines AB, CD and ED whose equations are x = 4, y = 6 and x + y = 6
respectively.
Points on Points on
Line Equation Sign Region
the X-axis the Y-axis
AB x=4 A (4, 0) — ≤ origin side of the line AB
CD y=6 — D (0, 6) ≤ origin side of the line CD
ED x+y=6 E (6, 0) D (0, 6) ≤ origin side of the line ED

Y
Scale : On both X-axis and
Y-axis : 1 cm = 1 unit
7
B
D y=6
6 C

5
x+

4
y=
6

P
2

E
X' −1 O 1 2 3 4 A 5 6 7 X

−1

Y' x=4

The feasible region is shaded portion OAPDO in the graph.

The vertices of the feasible region are O (0, 0), A (4, 0), P and D (0, 6)
P is point of intersection of lines x + y = 6 and x = 4.
Substituting x = 4 in x + y = 6, we get
4+y=6 ∴ y=2 ∴ P is (4, 2).
∴ the corner points of feasible region are O (0, 0), A (4, 0), P (4, 2) and D (0, 6).

14 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 The values of the objective function z = 11x + 8y at these vertices are
z (O) = 11(0) + 8(0) = 0 + 0 = 0
z(A) = 11(4) + 8(0) = 44 + 0 = 44
z (P) = 11(4) + 8(2) = 44 + 16 = 60
z (D) = 11(0) + 8(2) = 0 + 16 = 16
∴ z has maximum value 60, when x = 4 and y = 2.

Q. 31. Given that y = f (u) and u = g (x).

We assume that u is not a constant function.
Let δu and δy be the increments in u and y respectively, corresponding to the increment
δx in x.
Now, y is a differentiable function of u and u is a differentiable function of x.
dy δy du δu
∴ = lim and = lim ... (1)
du δu → 0 δu dx δx → 0 δx

Also, lim δu = lim (

δu
. δx)
δx → 0 δu → 0 δx

= ( lim ) ( lim δx) =

δu du
×0=0
δx → 0 δx δx → 0 dx
This means that as δx → 0, δu → 0 ... (2)
δy δy δu
Now, = × ... [∵ δu≠0 ]
δx δu δx
Taking limits as δx→0, we get

= lim ( × )
δy δy δu
lim
δx → 0 δx δx → 0 δu δx
δy δu
= lim × lim
δx → 0 δu δx → 0 δx
δy δu
= lim × lim ... [By (2)]
δu → 0 δu δx → 0 δx

Now, both the limits on RHS exist ... [By (1)]

δy dy
∴ lim exists and is equal to .
δx → 0 δx dx
∴ y is differentiable function of x and
dy dy du
= × . ... [By (1) ]
dx du dx
dy
To find , if y = √x2 + 5 :
dx
1
y= √x2 + 5 = (x2 + 5)2
1
Put u = x2 + 5. Then y = u2

(u 2) = u 2
1
dy d 1 −1
∴ =
du du 2
1 1
= =
2√ u 2√x2 + 5

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 15

 du d 2
and = (x + 5) = 2x + 0 = 2x
dx dx
dy dy du 1 x
∴ = × = × 2x = .
dx du dx 2 √x2 + 5 √x2 + 5

Q. 32. A

4.5 N
1.5
O y M x B

Let OA be the lamp post, MN the man, MB = x, his shadow and OM = y, the distance of
the man from lamp post at time t.
dx 3
Then = is the rate at which the man is moving towards the lamp post.
dt 4
dx
is the rate at which his shadow is shortening.
dt
B is the tip of the shadow and it is at a distance of x + y from the post.
d dx dy
∴ (x + y) = + is the rate at which the tip of the shadow is moving.
dt dt dt
From the figure
x x+y x x+y
= ∴ =
1.5 4.5 1 3
∴ 3x = x + y
1
∴ 2x = y ∴ x= y
2

= · = ( ) = ( ) metre/ sec
dx 1 dy 1 3 3
∴
dt 2 dt 2 4 8

+ = + = ( ) metre/sec.
dx dy 3 3 9
and
dt dt 8 4 8

Hence (i) the shadow is shortening at the rate of ( ) metre / sec, and
3
8

(ii) the tip of shadow is moving at the rate of ( ) metre / sec.

9
8

dw
Q. 33. Let ∫ v dx=w. Then =v
dx
By the rule for the derivative of the product of two functions
d dw du du
( uw ) = u +w = uv + w
dx dx dx dx
∴ by the definition of indefinite integral,

s (uv + w ) dx = uw
du
dx

∴ ∫ uv dx + s (w ) dx = uw
du
dx

∴ ∫ uv dx = uw − s (w ) dx
du
dx

16 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. XII

 ∴ ∫ uv dx = u ∫ v dx − s (
du
· ∫ vdx) dx.
dx
To find ∫ log x dx :
∫ log x dx = ∫ (log x) 1 dx

= (log x) s 1 dx − s [ (log x) s 1 dx ] dx
d
dx

= (log x) x − s × x dx
1
x
= x log x − ∫ 1 dx
= x log x − x + c.

Q. 34. Let I = s
1
dx
x+√a2 − x2
0
Put x = a sin θ ∴ dx = a cos θ dθ

and √a2 − x2 = √a2 − a2 sin2 θ =√a2 (1 − sin2 θ)

=√a2 cos2 θ = a cos θ
When x = 0, a sin θ = 0 ∴ θ=0
π
When x = a, a sin θ = a ∴ θ=
π/2
2

∴ I= s
a cos θ dθ
a sin θ+a cos θ
0
π/2

∴ I= s
cos θ
dθ ... (1)
sin θ+cos θ
0
a a
We use the property, ∫ f (x) dx = ∫ f (a − x) dx.
0 0

Hence in I, we change θ by (π/2)−θ.

π/2

∴ I= s
cos [(π/2) − θ]
dθ
sin [(π/2) − θ] + cos [(π/2) − θ]
0
π/2

= s
sin θ
dθ ... (2)
cos θ + sin θ
0

Adding (1) and (2), we get

π/2 π/2

2I = s dθ + s
cos θ sin θ
dθ
sin θ + cos θ cos θ + sin θ
0 0
π/2 π/2

= s dθ = s 1 dθ = [θ]
cos θ + sin θ π/2

cos θ + sin θ 0
0 0

= (π/2) − 0 = π/2
∴ I = π/4.
————

PRACTICE PAPER − MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS (SOLUTIONS) : STD. XII 17