Prelim Discussion

Guidance – Simple terms means, to direct or provide assistance to someone who needs help.
Counseling – Refers to professional services to an individual who is facing a problem and needs
help to overcome problem.

Guidance Counseling
Meaning Guidance refers to an advice or a Counseling refers to a professional
relevant piece of information advice given by a counselor to an
provided by a superior, to individual to help him in overcoming
resolve a problem or overcome from personal or psychological
from difficulty. problems.
Nature Preventive Remedial and Curative
Approach Comprehensive and Extroverted In-depth and Introverted
What it does? It tends to change the perspective, to
It assists the person in choosing
help him get the solution by himself or
the best alternative.
herself.
Deals with Education and career related
Personal and socio-psychological issues.
issues.
Provided by A person who possesses high level of
Any person superior or expert
skill and professional training.
Privacy Open and less private. Confidential
Mode One to one or one to many One to one or one to many
Decision
By guide. By the client
making

Guidance Counselor
It is a profession that:
o involves the use of an integrated approach to the development of well-functioning
individual primarily by helping him/her
• to utilize his/her potentials to the fullest and
• plan his/her future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests and needs.
o It includes functions such as
• counseling,
• psychological testing, (as to personality, career interest, study orientation, mental
ability and aptitude),
• research,
• placement,
• group process,
• teaching and practicing of guidance and counseling subjects, particularly subjects
given in the licensure examinations, and
• other human development services.
o a natural person
o registered and issued a valid
• Certificate of Registration and
• Professional Identification Card
o performs for a fee, salary or other forms of compensation, the functions of guidance and
counseling

Common misconceptions about guidance and counseling

• Guidance and counseling deal only with severe psychological problems and, hence, are
not required for schoolchildren.

• When dealing with schoolchildren, there is not much relationship between the theory and
practical aspects of guidance and counseling.

• Guidance is always provided in group form, as many students have more or less similar
issues on which they need guidance.

• Counseling is always counselee-centred, and the counselee plays proactive role.

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 • There is a single theory of guidance and counseling that can be applied to all scenarios.

• Counseling is a complex process that can only be facilitated by professional experts. A

teacher cannot be a counselor.

• Every teacher can be a counselor without undergoing any counseling training, as it does
not require specific skills.

• Counseling cannot be given in a classroom situation because it involves the utilization of

various resources.

• Counseling for personal, emotional, and social problems is the responsibility of the
parents, not the teacher.

• Counseling is only for children who are experiencing problems, and not for children who
are bright and happy at school.

• A counselor can provide a readymade solution to all problems.

• Guidance is a service or process that should be employed to address an emergency

situation.

• Counseling is for developed countries.

• Counseling is concerned only with educational issues.

• No ethical issues are involved in counseling.

• Counseling is a one-meeting problem-solving strategy.

History of Guidance and Counseling

Guidance and Counseling in the Philippines

1. Counseling as Conceived in the United States began in the Philippines during the American
occupation in 1913-1934.
2. 2 colleges in Manila providing guidance services geared toward identifying professionals and
opportunities for employment.
The establishment of the first psychological clinic at the University of the Philippines.
3. The growth of guidance and counseling was hampered by the World war II.
4. 1940-60s – Counselor Training
Birth of Professional Organizations.
5. Prior to 2004, counselors and other Mental Health workers did not need a license to practice,
nor was there a regulatory board to ensure adequate training.
6. Enactment of RA 9258, Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004.
7. Enactment of RA 10029, Psychology Act of 2009.
8. RA 11036, Mental Health Act of 2018.

Highlights of Guidance and Counseling in the US.

1990 – Frank Parsons and the Vocational Guidance Movement.

WWI – Psychological Assessments in Military Recruitment.
Great Depression – Expansion of Counseling roles beyond vocational concerns.
Post WWII – The personal and career problems of veterans.
The influx of higher education.
Cold War – Increased emphasis on school counseling as part of the National Defence Education
Act.

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Different Counselors
School Counselor (at all levels)
o Helps students to understand and deal with social, behavioural and personal problems.
o They work with students, including those with academic and social development
problems and those with special needs.
o Uses interviews, counselling sessions, interest and aptitude tests and other methods to
evaluate and advice students.
Vocational Counselors/ Employment Counselor/ Career Counselors
o Provide mainly career counselling
o They also work with individuals to develop their job- search skills, and they assist clients
in locating and applying for jobs.
o Provide support to persons experiencing job loss, job stress and other career transition
issues.
Rehabilitation Counselors
o Help people deal with the personal, social and vocational effects of disabilities.
o They counsel people with disabilities resulting from birth defects, illness or disease,
accidents or stress of daily life
o Interview both individuals with disabilities and their families, evaluate school and
medical reports, and confer and plan with physicians, psychologists, occupational
therapist and employers to determine the capabilities and skills of the individual.
Mental Health Counselor
o
o Trained in a variety of therapeutic techniques used to address a wide range of issues,
including depression, addiction and substance abuse, suicidal impulses, stress
management, problems with self- esteem, issues associated with aging, job and career
concerns.
Substance Abuse and other Behavioral Disorder Counselors
o Helps people who have problems with alcohol, drugs, gambling and eating disorders.
o Counsel individual who are addicted to drugs, helping them to identify behaviour and
problems related to their addiction.
Marriage and Family Therapist
o Apply principles, methods and therapeutic techniques to individual, families, couples or
organizations in order to resolve conflicts.
o Engage in psychotherapy of a non-medical nature; make appropriate referrals to
psychiatric resources.
Other counseling specialties
Gerontological Counselor
o Provides services to elderly persons and their families when they face changing lifestyle
as they grow older
Multicultural Counselor
o Helps employers adjust to an increasingly diverse workforce.
Genetic Counselors
o Provide information and support to families who have members with birth defects or
genetic disorders and to families who may be at risk for a variety of inherited conditions.

1. Educational Guidance
A. Preschool Guidance. This aims at studying children’s attitudes and his behavior with
others when at play or study time. It includes simple habits, learning language patterns,
correct ideas, proper values and social relationship with other.
B. Elementary School Guidance aims primarily on the development of fundamental
attitudes, know-how, and social skills of a person as a child matures from childhood to
adolescence.
C. High School Guidance aims at the development of social competence among students
as they become participative citizens and productive adults in society.
D. College Guidance aims at assistance, provision, and guidance of the students'
changing interest on modification in their adjustment as they prepare themselves to be on
their own as young professional someday.

2. Socio- Civic and Moral Guidance

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 An individual learner is not only guided to understand himself and to relate to others but also
has to:
A. develop knowledge about his responsibilities toward his fellowmen, He must be
willing to participate in community- oriented activities for his own enhancement as a
human being.
B. practice good values. He should exhibit proper attitude and good manners.
C. live a worthwhile adult life as a participative, responsible member of society who
observes proper conduct and good relationship with others.

3. Vocational/ Career Guidance

As an individual, a student should be afforded information on different natures and
opportunities of occupations where his skills, interests and capabilities as a person will be
properly developed and enhanced.

Understanding the Learner’s Needs

1. Emotional Needs
Pertain to the basic clamour of a person to satisfy his feelings like his need for love,
recognition, acceptance and respect.
2. Intellectual Needs
Refer to one’s curiosity to satisfy his quest for learning/ knowing. Examples are learning
new concepts, learning new patterns of expression or acquiring new ideas.
3. Physical Needs
Point to a person’s desire to overcome impaired physical abilities which may affect
learning. Examples are impaired hearing, poor eyesight.
4. Social Needs
Mean one’s preference to be with groups of people where one feels being loved and
accepted.

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