Chemical Reactions and Equations Exp - 1

Chemical reactions and equations
Types of Reactions
EXPERIMENT 1
Aim
To perform and observe the action of water on quicklime and classify the reaction.
Materials Required
Calcium oxide, water, beaker, glass rod, dropper, red litmus paper, test tube, filter
paper, funnel.
Theory
Quicklime reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide. As in this reaction two
substances – quicklime and water combine to form a new substance, therefore, this
reaction is called combination reaction. This chemical change can be represented by
the given chemical equation:
During this chemical change, heat is also released. Therefore, this is also an
example of exothermic reaction.
Procedure And Observation Table

The experimental procedure is described in the table:
Sl Experiment Observation Inference

no
1 Take some calcium oxide
in beaker and pour some
water over quick lime. Stir
it with a clean glass rod
and touch the outer
surface of the beaker.
2 Take a clean dropper and
with its help put a drop of
liquid from the beaker on a
red litmus paper.
3. Filter the mixture of
beaker and take about 5ml
of fliter in a test tube.
Blow air through the liquid.
Result:
Precautions
1. Quicklime can cause severe burns, therefore, it should be handled with

spatula.
2. As the reaction between quicklime and water is exothermic, water should be
poured over quicklime slowly.
3. The filtrate collected should be clear.
EXPERIMENT 2
Aim
To perform and observe the action of heat on crystals of ferrous sulphate and
classify the reaction.
Material Required
Ferrous sulphate crystals, test tubes, test tube holder, blue limus paper.
Theory
The crystals of ferrous sulphate are green in colour. When these crystals are
heated, following reaction takes place.
In this reaction, a single reactant breaks down to give simple products. Therefore,
this is a decomposition reaction.
Ferrous sulphate crystals (FeS04.7H20) lose water when heated and the colour of
crystals changes. It then decomposes to ferric oxide(Fe203), sulphur dioxide (S02)
and sulphur trioxide (S03). Ferric oxide is solid while S02 and S03 are gases. Both
S02 and S03 are acidic and hence, these gases turn the blue litmus red. Sulphur
dioxide can reduce an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. This reaction can
be utilised to confirm the presence of sulphur dioxide.
Procedure And Observation Table
The experimental procedure is given in the following table:
Sl Experiment Observation Inference

no
1 Take about 2 g Crystals of
ferrous sulphate in a dry
test tube and note the
colour of crystals.
2 Heat thetest tube
containing sulphate
3. Bring a moist blue litmus
paper in contact with the
evolved gas.
Results
Precautions
1. While heating ferrous sulphate, keep the mouth of test tube away from you
and your classmates.
EXPERIMENT 3
Aim
To perform and observe the reaction of iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution
and classify the reaction.
Materials Required
Iron nails, copper sulphate solution, test tubes, test tube stand, sandpaper and
thread.
Theory
When an iron nail is immersed in copper sulphate solution, following reaction takes
place:
In the above reaction, iron ions (Fe2+) being more reactive displaces copper ions
(Cu2+) and a new compound ferrous sulphate is formed. This type of reactions is
called displacement reaction.
Procedure
1. Take two
iron nails
and clean
them by
rubbing
with
sandpaper.
2. Take two
test tubes
and mark them as ‘A’ and ‘B’.
3. In each test tube, pour about 10 ml of copper sulphate solution.
4. Tie one iron nail with a thread and immerse this carefully in the copper
sulphate solution in test tube A for about 20 minutes. Keep aside one nail for
comparison.
5. After 20 minutes, take out the iron nail from the copper sulphate solution.
6. Compare the intensity of blue colour of copper sulphate solutions of
both the test tubes ‘A’ and ‘B\
7. Also, compare the colour of iron nail dipped in copper sulphate solution with
one kept aside.
8. Observations
Result
Precautions
1. The iron nails should be cleaned by rubbing them with a sandpaper.

2. The test tube containing iron nails and copper sulphate solution should not be
disturbed.
EXPERIMENT 4
Aim
To perform and observe the reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride
solutions and classify the reaction.
Materials Required
Sodium sulphate solution, barium chloride solution, test tubes, beaker.
Theory
When the solutions of sodium sulphate and barium chloride are mixed, a white
precipitate of barium sulphate is formed. Chemical equation for this chemical
change can be given as follows:
In this reaction, both sodium sulphate and barium chloride exchange ions. Hence,
this type of reaction is called double displacement reaction.
Procedure
1. Take 5 ml of sodium sulphate solution

in a test tube and mark it as ‘A’.
2. Take 5 ml of barium chloride solution
in another test tube and mark it as
‘B’.
3. Mix the solutions of test tubes ‘A’ and
‘B’ in a beaker.
4. With the help of a clean glass rod, stir the mixture kept in beaker.
5. Record your observation.
Observation
Result
Precautions
1.Test tubes, beaker and glass rod should be cleaned.
2.Equal volumes of sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions should be used.

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Chemical reactions and equations

Procedure And Observation Table

Sl Experiment Observation Inference

1. Quicklime can cause severe burns, therefore, it should be handled with

Sl Experiment Observation Inference

1. The iron nails should be cleaned by rubbing them with a sandpaper.

1. Take 5 ml of sodium sulphate solution

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