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    02 - Computer Hardware and Software

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    Eunice

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    02 - Computer Hardware and Software

    Uploaded by

    Eunice
    6 views23 pages

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    6 views23 pages

    02 - Computer Hardware and Software

    Uploaded by

    Eunice

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    2.

    0 COMPUTER HARDWARE
    AND SOFTWARE

    School of Education
    Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
    2.1
    COMPUTER HARDWARE
    Computer Hardware

    3
    Computer Hardware

    • Computer hardware is the physical components


    that a computer system requires to function.
    • A motherboard is an electronic circuit board in a
    computer which interconnects hardware devices
    attached to it.

    4
    Computer Hardware: Motherboard

    5
    Computer Hardware
    Four categories of computer hardware devices:

    Input Devices: For raw data input.

    Processing Devices: To process raw data instructions into information.

    Output Devices: To disseminate data and information.

    Storage Devices: For data and information retention.

    6
    Computer Hardware

    RAM CPU’s Hard Floppy CD ROM


    Memory Processors Motherboards Drives Drives Drives

    Video
    Mice Keyboards Modems Monitors Printers
    Cards

    Multimedia Sound Video Backup Computer Other


    Speakers Cards Camera Drive Cases Equipment
    7
    Hardware: Processing Devices

    • When a computer receives data from an input


    device, the data must go through an intermediate
    stage before it can be sent to an output device.
    • A processing device is any device in a computer
    that handles this intermediate stage.

    8
    Hardware: Processing Devices

    • Some of the most common processing devices in a


    computer include the following:
    – Central processing unit (CPU)
    – Graphics processing unit (GPU)

    9
    Hardware: Input Devices

    • An input device is any hardware device that sends


    data to a computer, allowing you to interact with
    and control it.

    10
    Hardware: Output Devices

    • An output device is any peripheral that receives


    data from a computer, usually for display,
    projection, or physical reproduction.
    Hardware: Storage Devices

    • Alternatively referred to as digital storage, storage,


    storage media, or storage medium, a storage
    device is any hardware capable of holding
    information either temporarily or permanently.
    • RAM VS ROM
    2.2
    COMPUTER SOFTWARE
    Computer Software

    System Application Programming


    Software Software Software

    14
    System Software

    • Systems software, are all designed to control and


    coordinate the procedures and functions of
    computer hardware.
    • They actually enable functional interaction
    between hardware, software and the user.
    • Systems software carries out middleman tasks to
    ensure communication between other software
    and hardware to allow harmonious coexistence
    with the user.
    15
    System Software

    Systems software can be categorized under the


    following:
    •Harnesses communication between hardware, system
    Operating system programs, and other applications.

    •Enables device communication with the OS and other


    Device driver programs.

    •Enables device control and identification.


    Firmware

    •Translates high-level languages to low-level machine


    Translator codes.

    •Ensures optimum functionality of devices and


    Utility applications.

    16
    Application Software

    • Application software is used for attaining specific


    tasks.
    • Application software uses the capacity of a
    computer directly for specific tasks and are used to
    manipulate text, graphics and numbers.

    17
    Application Software

    The different types of application software include


    the following:
    Application Software Type Examples
    Word processing software MS Word, WordPad and Notepad
    Database software Oracle, MS Access etc
    Spreadsheet software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel
    Multimedia software Real Player, Media Player
    Presentation Software Microsoft Power Point, Keynotes
    Enterprise Software Customer relationship management system
    Information Worker Software Documentation tools, resource management tools
    Dictionaries: Encarta, BritannicaMathematical: MATLABOthers:
    Educational Software
    Google Earth, NASA World Wind
    Simulation Software Flight and scientific simulators
    Content Access Software Accessing content through media players, web browsers
    Application Suites OpenOffice, Microsoft Office
    Software for Engineering and Product Development IDE or Integrated Development Environments
    18
    Programming Software

    • Programming software usually provides tools to


    assist a programmer in writing computer
    programs and software using different
    programming languages in a more convenient way.
    • The tools include text editors, compilers,
    interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on.
    • Programming software examples - Turbo C, Xilinx,
    Kiel, compilers, debuggers, Integrated
    Development Environment (IDE), etc.
    19
    Sub-Type of Computer Software

    • Apart from the major types of computer software,


    there are many other sub-types such as:
    • software that anyone can download from the Internet and use for
    free.
    Freeware • Examples - Google Talk, Yahoo Messenger, uTorrent, etc.)

    • Software that usually distributed for free on a trial basis.


    • It can be shared without violation of any laws.
    Shareware • They usually stop working or prompt the user to purchase the
    full version, once the trial period expires.
    • Examples - BearShare, Kazaa, Winzip, etc.)

    • software with open source code, which is available to all users.


    • As such, anyone can make changes to it and release their own
    Open Source Software new version.
    • Example- Android OS, OpenOffice, etc.)

    20
    Application Software

    The different types of application software include


    the following:
    Application Software Type Examples
    Word processing software MS Word, WordPad and Notepad
    Database software Oracle, MS Access etc
    Spreadsheet software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel
    Multimedia software Real Player, Media Player
    Presentation Software Microsoft Power Point, Keynotes
    Enterprise Software Customer relationship management system
    Information Worker Software Documentation tools, resource management tools
    Dictionaries: Encarta, BritannicaMathematical: MATLABOthers:
    Educational Software
    Google Earth, NASA World Wind
    Simulation Software Flight and scientific simulators
    Content Access Software Accessing content through media players, web browsers
    Application Suites OpenOffice, Microsoft Office
    Software for Engineering and Product Development IDE or Integrated Development Environments
    21
    2.3
    COMPUTER ASSEMBLY
    Computer Assembly

    Watch the motherboard assembly tutorial here:


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOOZ7qjSzy4

    23

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