C4

INTEGRATION
Integrate with respect to x a ex b 4ex c
1 x

Worksheet A
6 x

Integrate with respect to t a 2 + 3et e

b t + t 1
t

c t 2 et
1 t

d 9 2t 1 h
2 5t

1 4

et

1 3t

1 t2

3et 7

Find a d

(5

3 x

) dx dy

b e

(u1 + u2) du ( 3 et + 3 t ) dt 4

c f

2et + 1 5

dt )2 dx

3y + 1 y

(x

1 x

The curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, 3). Given that f (x) =
(2 x 1)2 x

, find an expression for f(x).

Evaluate a d g

(ex + 10) dx
6y +1 3y

b e h

(t + ) dt (ex x2) dx
r 2 (2r 2 + 9r 2 ) dr
1
1

1 t

c f
1

5 x2 x

dx dr

dy

3 6
10

2 4

4r 2 3r + 6 r2

ln 2

ln 4

(7 eu) du y

1 x

+ 3ex) dx

y = 3 + ex

The shaded region on the diagram is bounded by the curve y = 3 + ex, the coordinate axes and the line x = 2. Show that the area of the shaded region is e2 + 5. 7 y y = 2x +
1 x

x
1 x

The shaded region on the diagram is bounded by the curve y = 2x +

, the x-axis and the lines

x = 1 and x = 4. Find the area of the shaded region in the form a + b ln 2. Solomon Press

C4 8

INTEGRATION

Worksheet A continued

Find the exact area of the region enclosed by the given curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates. In each case, y > 0 over the interval being considered. a y = 4x + 2ex, c y=4 e y = ex +
1 x 5 x

x = 0, x = 3, x=
1 2

x=1 x = 1 x=2

b y=1+ d y=2 f y=

3 x
1 2

, ex , ,

x = 2, x = 0, x = 2,

x=4 x = ln 2 x=3

, , y

x3 2 x

y=9 O

7 x

2x x
7 x

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = 9

2x, x > 0.
7 2

a Find the coordinates of the points where the curve crosses the x-axis. b Show that the area of the region bounded by the curve and the x-axis is 11 1 7 ln 4 10 a Sketch the curve y = ex a where a is a constant and a > 1. Show on your sketch the coordinates of any points of intersection with the coordinate axes and the equation of any asymptotes. b Find, in terms of a, the area of the finite region bounded by the curve y = ex a and the coordinate axes. c Given that the area of this region is 1 + a, show that a = e2. 11 y P y=e
x

O R

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = ex. The point P on the curve has x-coordinate 3, and the tangent to the curve at P intersects the x-axis at Q and the y-axis at R. a Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at P. b Find the coordinates of the points Q and R. The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the tangent to the curve at P and the y-axis. c Find the exact area of the shaded region. 12 f(x) (
3 x

4)2, x , x > 0.

a Find the coordinates of the point where the curve y = f(x) meets the x-axis. The finite region R is bounded by the curve y = f(x), the line x = 1 and the x-axis. b Show that the area of R is approximately 0.178 Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
Integrate with respect to x a (x 2)7 e (8 5x)4 b (2x + 5)3 f
1 ( x + 7)2

Worksheet B

c 6(1 + 3x)4 g
8 (4 x 3)5

d ( 1 x 2)5 4 h
1 2(5 3 x )3

Find a d g

(3 + t ) 2 dt

b e h

4 x 1 dx
3 2 7r

c f i

1 2y +1
3

dy

e2x 3 dx
1 6 y

dr

5t 2 dt

dy

5e7 3t dt

4 3u + 1

du

Given f (x) and a point on the curve y = f(x), find an expression for f(x) in each case. a f (x) = 8(2x 3)3, c f (x) = 2
8 , 4x 1

(2, 6) ( 1 , 4) 2

b f (x) = 6e2x + 4, d f (x) = 8x

(2, 1) , (1, 3)

Evaluate a d g

(3x + 1)2 dx e2x + 2 dx

b e h

(2x 1)3 dx
3 x 2 dx
1 5x + 3

c f i

2 1

1 (5 x) 2
4 6x 3

dx dx
3

1 0
1

dx

dx

x4 2

dx

Find the exact area of the region enclosed by the given curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates. In each case, y > 0 over the interval being considered. a y = e3 x , c y=
3 4x + 2

x = 3, , y x = 1,

x=4 x=4

b y = (3x 5)3, d y=
1 (1 2 x )2

x = 2, x = 2,

x=3 x=0

y= O 1

12 (2 x + 1)3

x
12 (2 x + 1)3

The diagram shows part of the curve with equation y =

Find the area of the shaded region bounded by the curve, the coordinate axes and the line x = 1. Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
a Express
3x + 5 ( x + 1)( x + 3)

Worksheet C

in partial fractions. dx.

b Hence, find

3x + 5 ( x + 1)( x + 3)

2 3

Show that

3 (t 2)(t + 1)

dt = ln

+ c.

Integrate with respect to x a

14 x x2 + 2x 8

6 (2 + x)(1 x)

x +1 5 x 2 14 x + 8

a Find the values of the constants A, B and C such that

A+ dx.

B x+4

C . x 1

b Hence, find

x2 6 ( x + 4)( x 1)

a Express

x2 x 4 ( x + 2)( x + 1) 2

in partial fractions. dx.

b Hence, find 6

x2 x 4 ( x + 2)( x + 1) 2

Integrate with respect to x a

x (4 x + 13) (2 + x)2 (3 x)

x2 x + 1 x 3 x 10
2

2 6 x + 5 x2 x 2 (1 2 x)

7 8

Show that

3x 5 ( x 1)( x 2)

dx = 2 ln 3 ln 2.

Find the exact value of a d

x+3 x( x + 1)

dx dx

b e

0 0

3x 2 x + x 12
2

dx dx

c f

9 2 x2 7 x 4 2+ x 8 2x x2

dx dx

2 x2 7 x + 7 x2 2x 3
1 x a2
2

5x + 7 ( x + 1)2 ( x + 3)

a Express

, where a is a positive constant, in partial fractions.

b Hence, show that c Find 10 Evaluate a

1 x2 a2

dx =

1 2a

ln

xa x+a

+ c.

1 a2 x2

dx.

1 x 9
2

dx

1 2 1 2

4 1 x2

dx

3 2 x2 8

dx

Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
Integrate with respect to x a 2 cos x e cos (2x 1) i 5 sec2 2x b sin 4x f 3 sin ( x) 3 j cosec
1 4

Worksheet D

c cos

1 2

d sin (x + h cosec2 x l

g sec x tan x
1 4

x cot

4 sin 2 x

1 cos 2 (4 x + 1)

Evaluate a d

0 0

cos x dx cos (2x

b ) dx e

sin 2x dx sec2 3x dx

c f

2 sec

1 2

x tan

1 2

x dx

3 4

2 3 2

cosec x cot x dx

a Express tan2 in terms of sec . b Show that

tan2 x dx = tan x x + c.

a Use the identity for cos (A + B) to express cos2 A in terms of cos 2A. b Find

cos2 x dx.

Find a d g

sin2 x dx
sin x cos 2 x

b e h

0 0

cot2 2x dx 4 cos2 3x dx cosec 2x cot x dx

c f i

sin x cos x dx (1 + sin x)2 dx cos4 x dx

dx

(sec x tan x)2 dx

Evaluate a d
2

2 cos2 x dx
cos 2 x sin 2 2 x

b e

cos 2x sin 2x dx (1 2 sin x)2 dx

c f

2 3 3 6

tan2

1 2

x dx

4 6

dx

sec2 x cosec2 x dx

a Use the identities for sin (A + B) and sin (A B) to show that sin A cos B b Find
1 2

[sin (A + B) + sin (A B)].

sin 3x cos x dx.

Integrate with respect to x a 2 sin 5x sin x b cos 2x cos x c 4 sin x cos 4x d cos (x +
6

) sin x

Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
Showing your working in full, use the given substitution to find a c e g i

Worksheet E

2x(x2 1)3 dx 3x2(2 + x3)2 dx

u = x2 + 1 u = 2 + x3 u = x2 + 3 u = x2 2 u = sec x

b d f h j

sin4 x cos x dx
2 x e x dx
2

u = sin x u = x2 u = cos 2x u = 1 x2 u = x2 + 2x

dx

sin 2x cos3 2x dx
x 1 x 2 dx

dx

sec3 x tan x dx

(x + 1)(x2 + 2x)3 dx

a Given that u = x2 + 3, find the value of u when i x=0 ii x = 1 b Using the substitution u = x2 + 3, show that
1 4

0 0
3

2x(x2 + 3)2 dx =

u2 du.

c Hence, show that

2x(x2 + 3)2 dx = 12 1 . 3

Using the given substitution, evaluate a c e g

x(x2 3)3 dx
4x x +1
2

u = x2 3 u = x2 + 1 u = x2 3 u = 1 + e2x

b d f h

sin3 x cos x dx tan2 x sec2 x dx x2(x3 + 2)2 dx

u = sin x u = tan x u = x3 + 2

dx dx

4 4

2 0

x x 3
2

2 3
5

e2x(1 + e2x)3 dx

(x 2)(x2 4x)2 dx u = x2 4x

a Using the substitution u = 4 x2, show that

0 0
5

x(4 x2)3 dx =

1 2

u3 du.

b Hence, evaluate
2

x(4 x2)3 dx.

Using the given substitution, evaluate a

x e2 x dx

u = 2 x2

sin x 1 + cos x

dx

u = 1 + cos x

Solomon Press

C4 6

INTEGRATION a By writing cot x as

Worksheet E continued , use the substitution u = sin x to show that

b Show that

cot x dx = lnsin x + c.

c Evaluate

tan x dx = lnsec x + c.
6

0
7

tan 2x dx.

By recognising a function and its derivative, or by using a suitable substitution, integrate with respect to x a 3x2(x3 2)3 d (2x + 3)(x2 + 3x)2 g j
ex 1 + ex

b esin x cos x e h
x x2 + 4
cos 2 x 3 + sin 2 x
1 3

x x2 + 1

f cot3 x cosec2 x i l
x3 ( x 2)2
4

(ln x)3 x

k x 2 (1 + x 2 ) 2

x 5 x2

Evaluate a c

sin x (1 + cos x)2 dx cot x cosec4 x dx

b d

1 2
4

e2 x 2 e2 x

dx dx

4 6

x +1 x2 + 2x + 8

Using the substitution u = x + 1, show that

10 a c e 11

x(x + 1)3 dx =

1 20

(4x 1)(x + 1)4 + c.

Using the given substitution, find

x(2x 1)4 dx
1 (1 x2 ) 2
3

u = 2x 1 x = sin u u = 2x + 3

b d f

x 1 x dx
1 x 1
x2 x2

u2 = 1 x x = u2 u2 = x 2

dx

dx dx

(x + 1)(2x + 3)3 dx

Using the given substitution, evaluate a c

0 0

1 2

1 1 x
2

dx

x = sin u x = 2 sin u

b d

0 0

x(2 x)3 dx
x2 x2 + 9

u=2x x = 3 tan u

4 x 2 dx

dx

Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
Using integration by parts, show that

Worksheet F

2 a d 3

x cos x dx = x sin x + cos x + c.

Use integration by parts to find

xex dx
x x + 1 dx

b e

4x sin x dx
x e3 x

c f

x cos 2x dx x sec2 x dx

dx

Using i integration by parts, ii the substitution u = 2x + 1, find

x(2x + 1)3 dx, and show that your answers are equivalent.

Show that

0
5 Evaluate a 6

xex dx = 1 3e2.

x cos x dx

xe2x dx

x sin 3x dx

Using integration by parts twice in each case, show that a b x2ex dx = ex(x2 2x + 2) + c, ex sin x dx =
1 2

ex(sin x cos x) + c.

Find a x2 sin x dx b

x2e3x dx

ex cos 2x dx

a Write down the derivative of ln x with respect to x. b Use integration by parts to find

9 Find a 10

ln x dx.

ln 2x dx

3x ln x dx

1
1 3

(ln x)2 dx

Evaluate a d

1
0
3

(x + 2)ex dx ln (2x + 3) dx

b e

x2 ln x dx x2 cos x dx

c f

2xe3x 1 dx e3x sin 2x dx

Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
y

Worksheet G

2
1 t

The diagram shows part of the curve with parametric equations x = 2t 4, y = . The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the coordinate axes and the line x = 2. a Find the value of the parameter t when x = 0 and when x = 2. b Show that the area of the shaded region is given by c Hence, find the area of the shaded region. d Verify your answer to part c by first finding a cartesian equation for the curve. 2 y A B O x

2 t

dt.

The diagram shows the ellipse with parametric equations x = 4 cos , y = 2 sin , 0 < 2, which meets the positive coordinate axes at the points A and B. a Find the value of the parameter at the points A and B. b Show that the area of the shaded region bounded by the curve and the positive coordinate axes is given by

0
3 y

8 sin2 d.

c Hence, show that the area of the region enclosed by the ellipse is 8.

The diagram shows the curve with parametric equations x = 2 sin t, y = 5 sin 2t, 0 t < . a Show that the area of the region enclosed by the curve is given by b Evaluate this integral. Solomon Press

20 sin 2t cos t dt.

C4
1

INTEGRATION
Using an appropriate method, integrate with respect to x a (2x 3)4 e i
3 cos 2 2x

Worksheet H

b cosec2

1 2

c 2e4x 1 g sec4 x tan x k

d h l p

2( x 1) x( x + 1)

f x(x2 + 3)3 j n
x+2 x2 2x 3 3x 1 x2

7 + 2x

xe3x

tan2 3x
x+4 x+2

m 4 cos2 (2x + 1) 2 Evaluate a d 3

o x sin 2x

6e2x 3 dx
6+ x 4 + 3x x 2

b dx e

0 1

tan x dx (1 2x)3 dx

c f

2 0
3

2 x3

dx

2 0

sin2 x sin 2x dx

Using the given substitution, evaluate a c

1 9x
2

dx dx

x = 3 sin u x = 2 tan u

b d

x(1 3x)3 dx
x 2 x + 1 dx

u = 1 3x u2 = x + 1

2 3

1 4 + x2

Integrate with respect to x a

b (x + 1) e x f

+ 2x

c g k

1 x 2x + 1
3

d sin 3x cos 2x h l
cos x 2 + 3sin x

e 3x(x 1)4 i 5
x2 x3 1

3x 2 + 6 x + 2 x2 + 3x + 2

5 2x 1

j (2 cot x)2

6x 5 ( x 1)(2 x 1)2

x2ex

Evaluate a d g

1 3x 4

dx
1 2

b e h

4 6

cosec2 x cot2 x dx
1 4x + 5 x2 + 1 x2

c f i

7 x2 (2 x)2 (3 x)

dx

x cos

x dx

dx

6 6

2 cos x cos 3x dx (x 2)(x + 1)3 dx

x 2 x 2 + 1 dx

dx

Find the exact area of the region enclosed by the given curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates. a y=
x ( x + 2)3
2

x = 1,

x=2

b y = ln x,

x = 2,

x=4

Given that

ax 2 + b x

dx = 18 + 5 ln 2,

find the values of the rational constants a and b. Solomon Press

C4 8

INTEGRATION y y = 6 2ex O P x

Worksheet H continued

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = 6 2ex. a Find the coordinates of the point P where the curve crosses the x-axis. b Show that the area of the region enclosed by the curve and the coordinate axes is 6 ln 3 4. 9 Using the substitution u = cot x, show that
4 6

10 y

cot2 x cosec4 x dx =

2 15

( 21 3 4).

The diagram shows the curve with parametric equations x = t + 1, y = 4 t 2. a Show that the area of the region bounded by the curve and the x-axis is given by

2
11

(4 t2) dt.

b Hence, find the area of this region. a Given that k is a constant, show that d 2 (x sin 2x + 2kx cos 2x k sin 2x) = 2x2 cos 2x + (2 4k)x sin 2x. dx b Using your answer to part a with a suitable value of k, or otherwise, find

12 y

x2 cos 2x dx.

y= O 2

ln x x2

x
ln x x2

The shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the curve with equation y =

, the x-axis and

the line x = 2. Use integration by parts to show that the area of the shaded region is 13 f(x)
x + 16 3 x3 + 11x 2 + 8 x 4

(1 ln 2).

a Factorise completely 3x3 + 11x2 + 8x 4. b Express f(x) in partial fractions. c Show that

f(x) dx = (1 + 3 ln 2). Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
y y=
2 x

Worksheet I

1 2

x
2 x

The shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the curve y =

, the x-axis and the lines x =

1 2

and x = 2. Show that when the shaded region is rotated through 360 about the x-axis, the volume of the solid formed is 6. 2 y = x2 + 3 y

The shaded region in the diagram, bounded by the curve y = x2 + 3, the coordinate axes and the line x = 2, is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis. Show that the volume of the solid formed is approximately 127. 3 The region enclosed by the given curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates is rotated through 360 about the x-axis. Find the exact volume of the solid formed in each case. a y = 2e 2 , c y=1+ e y= 4
1 x
x

x = 0, , , y x = 3, x = 2,

x=1 x=9 x=6

b y= d y=

3 x2

x = 2, x = 1, x = 1,

x = 1 x=2 x=1

3x 2 + 1 , x

1 x+2

f y = e1 x ,

y= R O 2

4 x+2

x
4 x+2

The diagram shows part of the curve with equation y =

The shaded region, R, is bounded by the curve, the coordinate axes and the line x = 2. a Find the area of R, giving your answer in the form k ln 2. The region R is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis. b Show that the volume of the solid formed is 4. Solomon Press

C4 5

INTEGRATION y y = 2x 2 + x
1

Worksheet I continued

1 2

x
1

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = 2x 2 + x 2 . The shaded region bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the lines x = 1 and x = 3 is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis. Find the volume of the solid generated, giving your answer in the form (a + ln b) where a and b are integers. 6 a Sketch the curve y = 3x x2, showing the coordinates of any points where the curve intersects the coordinate axes. The region bounded by the curve and the x-axis is rotated through 360 about the x-axis. b Show that the volume of the solid generated is 7 y x3=0 y=3 O P x
1 x 1 x
81 10

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = 3

, x > 0.

a Find the coordinates of the point P where the curve crosses the x-axis. The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the straight line x 3 = 0 and the x-axis. b Find the area of the shaded region. c Find the volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is rotated completely about the x-axis, giving your answer in the form (a + b ln 3) where a and b are rational. 8 y y=x O 3 x
1 x

The diagram shows the curve y = x

1 x

, x 0.

a Find the coordinates of the points where the curve crosses the x-axis. The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 3. b Show that the area of the shaded region is 4 ln 3. The shaded region is rotated through 360 about the x-axis. c Find the volume of the solid generated as an exact multiple of . Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
y y = x2 + 1 A

Worksheet J

The diagram shows the curve y = x2 + 1 which passes through the point A (1, 2). a Find an equation of the normal to the curve at the point A. The normal to the curve at A meets the x-axis at the point B as shown. b Find the coordinates of B. The shaded region bounded by the curve, the coordinate axes and the line AB is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis. c Show that the volume of the solid formed is 2 y y = 4x +
9 x
36 5

x
9 x

The shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the curve with equation y = 4x + the x-axis and the lines x = 1 and x = e. a Find the area of the shaded region, giving your answer in terms of e.

b Find, to 3 significant figures, the volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is rotated completely about the x-axis. 3 The region enclosed by the given curve, the x-axis and the given ordinates is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis. Find the exact volume of the solid formed in each case. a y = cosec x, c y = 1 + cos 2x, 4 y y = xe O 1
1 x 2

x=

x= x=

3 4

b y=

x+3 x+2
1

x = 1, x = 1,

x=4 x=2

x = 0,

d y = x 2 e2 x ,

x
1 x 2

The shaded region in the diagram, bounded by the curve y = x e is rotated through 360 about the x-axis. Show that the volume of the solid formed is (2 5e1). Solomon Press

, the x-axis and the line x = 1,

C4 5

INTEGRATION y y = 2 sin x + cos x

Worksheet J continued

The diagram shows part of the curve with equation y = 2 sin x + cos x. The shaded region is bounded by the curve in the interval 0 x < axes and the line x =
2 2

, the positive coordinate

a Find the area of the shaded region. b Show that the volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis is 1 (5 + 8). 4 6 y

The diagram shows part of the curve with parametric equations x = tan , y = sin 2, 0 <
2

The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 1. a Write down the value of the parameter at the points where x = 0 and where x = 1. The shaded region is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis. b Show that the volume of the solid formed is given by 4
4

sin2 d.

c Evaluate this integral. 7 y

The diagram shows part of the curve with parametric equations x = t 2 1, y = t(t + 1), t 0. a Find the value of the parameter t at the points where the curve meets the coordinate axes. The shaded region bounded by the curve and the coordinate axes is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis. b Find the volume of the solid formed, giving your answer in terms of . Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
Find the general solution of each differential equation. a
dy = (x + 2)3 dx dy =1 dx

Worksheet K

b e

dy = 4 cos 2x dx dN = t t2 +1 dt

c f

dx = 3e2t + 2 dt
dy = xex dx

d (2 x) 2

Find the particular solution of each differential equation. a

y = 3 when x = 0 u = 5 when x = 2

b d

dy = tan3 t sec2 t, dt dy = 3 cos2 x, dx

y = 1 when t = y = when x =

3 2

c (x2 3) 3 a Express

in partial fractions.

b Given that (x2 x 6)

and that y = ln 9 when x = 1, show that when x = 2, the value of y is ln 32. 4 Find the general solution of each differential equation. a
dy = 2y + 3 dx dy =y dx

b e

dy = sin2 2y dx dy x2 2 = y dx dy = xy2 + 3x dx dy = xy(y 1) dx

c f i l

dy = xy dx dy = 2 cos x cos2 y dx dy = xy sin x dx dy = y2 ln x dx

d (x + 1) g j 5
x

dy = ey 3 dx

h y

dy = e2x y dx

k (y 3)

Find the particular solution of each differential equation. a

y = 3 when x = 4 y = 1 when x = y=
6 2

b d f h

dy = (y + 1)3, dx dy y+2 = , x 1 dx dy = dx
y x+3

y = 0 when x = 2 y = 6 when x = 3

c (tan2 x) e

dy = x2 tan y, dx dy = x cosec y, dx

when x = 0

y = 16 when x = 1 y=
3

g ex

y = when x = 1

dy 1 + cos y = 2 , 2 x sin y dx

when x = 1

Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
a Express
x+4 (1 + x)(2 x)

Worksheet L

in partial fractions.

b Given that y = 2 when x = 3, solve the differential equation dy y ( x + 4) = . (1 + x)(2 x) dx 2 Given that y = 0 when x = 0, solve the differential equation dy = ex + y cos x. dx
dy dy is inversely proportional to x and that y = 4 and = dx dx expression for y in terms of x.

Given that

5 3

when x = 3, find an

A quantity has the value N at time t hours and is increasing at a rate proportional to N. a Write down a differential equation relating N and t. b By solving your differential equation, show that N = Aekt, where A and k are constants and k is positive. Given that when t = 0, N = 40 and that when t = 5, N = 60, c find the values of A and k, d find the value of N when t = 12.

A cube is increasing in size and has volume V cm3 and surface area A cm2 at time t seconds. a Show that
dV = k A, dA where k is a positive constant.

Given that the rate at which the volume of the cube is increasing is proportional to its surface area dA = 5, and that when t = 10, A = 100 and dt b show that 1 A = 16 (t + 30)2. 6 At time t = 0, a piece of radioactive material has mass 24 g. Its mass after t days is m grams and is decreasing at a rate proportional to m. a By forming and solving a suitable differential equation, show that m = 24ekt, where k is a positive constant. After 20 days, the mass of the material is found to be 22.6 g. b Find the value of k. c Find the rate at which the mass is decreasing after 20 days. d Find how long it takes for the mass of the material to be halved. Solomon Press

C4 7

INTEGRATION

Worksheet L continued
P.

A quantity has the value P at time t seconds and is decreasing at a rate proportional to a By forming and solving a suitable differential equation, show that P = (a bt)2, where a and b are constants. Given that when t = 0, P = 400, b find the value of a. Given also that when t = 30, P = 100, c find the value of P when t = 50.

h cm

The diagram shows a container in the shape of a right-circular cone. A quantity of water is poured into the container but this then leaks out from a small hole at its vertex. In a model of the situation it is assumed that the rate at which the volume of water in the container, V cm3, decreases is proportional to V. Given that the depth of the water is h cm at time t minutes, a show that
dh = kh, dt where k is a positive constant.

Given also that h = 12 when t = 0 and that h = 10 when t = 20, b show that h = 12ekt,

and find the value of k, c find the value of t when h = 6. 9 a Express

in partial fractions.

In an industrial process, the mass of a chemical, m kg, produced after t hours is modelled by the differential equation dm = ket(1 + m)(1 m), dt where k is a positive constant. Given that when t = 0, m = 0 and that the initial rate at which the chemical is produced is 0.5 kg per hour, b find the value of k,
1+ m t c show that, for 0 m < 1, ln = 1 e . 1 m

d find the time taken to produce 0.1 kg of the chemical, e show that however long the process is allowed to run, the maximum amount of the chemical that will be produced is about 462 g. Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
2 6

Worksheet M

Use the trapezium rule with n intervals of equal width to estimate the value of each integral. a c e

x ln (x + 1) dx
e 10 dx
x2

n=2 n=4 n=5

b d f

cot x dx arccos (x2 1) dx x3ex dx

n=2 n=4 n=6

2 0
0.5

0 0

sec2 (2x 1) dx y

y = 2 cosec x O x

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = 2 cosec x, 0 < x < . a Find the exact x-coordinates of the points where the curve crosses the x-axis. b Use the trapezium rule with four intervals of equal width to estimate the area of the shaded region bounded by the curve and the x-axis. 3 f(x)
6

+ arcsin ( 1 x), x , 2 x 2. 2

a Use the trapezium rule with three strips to estimate the value of the integral I = b Use the trapezium rule with six strips to find an improved estimate for I. 4 y y = ln x

f(x) dx.

The shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the curve y = ln x, the x-axis and the line x = 5. a Estimate the area of the shaded region to 3 decimal places using the trapezium rule with i 2 strips ii 4 strips iii 8 strips b By considering your answers to part a, suggest a more accurate value for the area of the shaded region correct to 3 decimal places. c Use integration to find the true value of the area correct to 3 decimal places. 5 y y = ex x

The shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the curve y = ex x, the coordinate axes and the line x = 4. Use the trapezium rule with five equally-spaced ordinates to estimate the volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is rotated completely about the x-axis. Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
Show that
7

Worksheet N

2
2 Given that y =
4

8 4x 3

dx = ln 25.

(4)

when x = 1, solve the differential equation (7)

dy = x sec y cosec3 y. dx

a Use the trapezium rule with three intervals of equal width to find an approximate value for the integral

1.5

ex

dx.

(4) (2)

b Use the trapezium rule with six intervals of equal width to find an improved approximation for the above integral. 4 f(x)
3(2 x) (1 2 x )2 (1 + x)

. (4) (6)

a Express f(x) in partial fractions. b Show that

1
5

f(x) dx = 1 ln 2.

The rate of growth in the number of yeast cells, N, present in a culture after t hours is proportional to N. a By forming and solving a differential equation, show that N = Aekt, where A and k are positive constants. Initially there are 200 yeast cells in the culture and after 2 hours there are 3000 yeast cells in the culture. Find, to the nearest minute, after how long b there are 10 000 yeast cells in the culture, c the number of yeast cells is increasing at the rate of 5 per second. (5) (4) (4)

y= O 4 x

1 2x + 1

The diagram shows part of the curve with equation y =

1 2x + 1

The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the coordinate axes and the line x = 4. a Find the area of the shaded region. The shaded region is rotated through four right angles about the x-axis. b Find the volume of the solid formed, giving your answer in the form ln k. Solomon Press (5) (4)

C4 7

INTEGRATION Using the substitution u2 = x + 3, show that

Worksheet N continued

0
8

x x + 3 dx = k( 3 3 4),

where k is a rational number to be found. a Use the identities for sin (A + B) and sin (A B) to prove that 2 sin A cos B sin (A + B) + sin (A B). y

(7)

(2)

The diagram shows the curve given by the parametric equations x = 2 sin 2t, y = sin 4t, 0 t < . b Show that the total area enclosed by the two loops of the curve is given by

0
9

16 sin 4t cos 2t dt.

(4) (5)

c Evaluate this integral. f(x)

a Find the values of the constants A, B and C such that f(x) A + +

(3)

The finite region R is bounded by the curve y = f(x), the coordinate axes and the line x = 2. b Find the area of R, giving your answer in the form p + ln q, where p and q are integers. (5) 10 a Find

sin2 x dx.

(4)

b Use integration by parts to show that

x sin2 x dx =

1 8

(2x2 2x sin 2x cos 2x) + c, (4)

where c is an arbitrary constant.

y = x 2 sin x R O x
1

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = x 2 sin x , 0 x . The finite region R, bounded by the curve and the x-axis, is rotated through 2 radians about the x-axis. c Find the volume of the solid formed, giving your answer in terms of . (3)

Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
a Express
1 x 2 3x + 2

Worksheet O
(3)

in partial fractions.

b Show that

3
2 Evaluate

1 x 3x + 2
2

dx = ln

a b

, (5)

where a and b are integers to be found.

0
3

cos x cos 3x dx.

(6) (3)

a Find the quotient and remainder obtained in dividing (x2 + x 1) by (x 1). b Hence, show that

4 y

x2 + x 1 x 1

dx =

1 2

x2 + 2x + lnx 1 + c, (2)

where c is an arbitrary constant.

y=2

1 x

x
1 x

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = 2

The shaded region bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the lines x = 1 and x = 4 is rotated through 360 about the x-axis to form the solid S. a Show that the volume of S is 2(2 + ln 2). S is used to model the shape of a container with 1 unit on each axis representing 10 cm. b Find the volume of the container correct to 3 significant figures. 5 a Use integration by parts to find (2) (4) (6)

x ln x dx.

b Given that y = 4 when x = 2, solve the differential equation

(5) (4)

a Evaluate

sin x sec2 x dx.

b Using the substitution u = cos , or otherwise, show that

sin cos 4

d = a + b 2 , (6) Solomon Press

where a and b are rational.

C4 7

INTEGRATION y

Worksheet O continued

The diagram shows part of the curve with parametric equations x = 2t + 1, y =

, t 2. (2) (5) (5)

The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the coordinate axes and the line x = 3. a Find the value of the parameter t at the points where x = 0 and where x = 3. b Show that the area of the shaded region is 2 ln
5 2

c Find the exact volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is rotated completely about the x-axis. 8 a Using integration by parts, find

0
9

6x cos 3x dx.
3

(5)

b Use the substitution x = 2 sin u to show that

dx =

(5)

In an experiment to investigate the formation of ice on a body of water, a thin circular disc of ice is placed on the surface of a tank of water and the surrounding air temperature is kept constant at 5C. In a model of the situation, it is assumed that the disc of ice remains circular and that its area, A cm2 after t minutes, increases at a rate proportional to its perimeter. a Show that
dA = k A, dt where k is a positive constant.

(3)

b Show that the general solution of this differential equation is A = (pt + q)2, where p and q are constants. Given that when t = 0, A = 25 and that when t = 20, A = 40, c find how long it takes for the area to increase to 50 cm2. 10 f(x)
5x + 1 . (1 x)(1 + 2 x)

(4) (5)

a Express f(x) in partial fractions. b Find

(3) (4) (6)

1 2

f(x) dx, giving your answer in the form k ln 2.

c Find the series expansion of f(x) in ascending powers of x up to and including the term in x3, for | x | < 1 . 2 Solomon Press

C4
1

INTEGRATION
y 3 y=
1 x

Worksheet P

x
1 x

The diagram shows the curve with equation y =

, x > 0.

The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the lines x = 3 and y = 3 and the coordinate axes. a Show that the area of the shaded region is 1 + ln 9. b Find the volume of the solid generated when the shaded region is rotated through 360 about the x-axis, giving your answer in terms of . 2 Given that I = i 2 strips, (6) (2) (5) (5)

x sec ( 1 x) dx, 3

a find estimates for the value of I to 3 significant figures using the trapezium rule with ii 4 strips, iii 8 strips. b Making your reasoning clear, suggest a value for I correct to 3 significant figures. 3 The temperature in a room is 10C. A heater is used to raise the temperature in the room to 25C and then turned off. The amount by which the temperature in the room exceeds 10C is C, at time t minutes after the heater is turned off. It is assumed that the rate at which decreases is proportional to . a By forming and solving a suitable differential equation, show that

= 15ekt,
where k is a positive constant. Given that after half an hour the temperature in the room is 20C, b find the value of k. The heater is set to turn on again if the temperature in the room falls to 15C. c Find how long it takes before the heater is turned on. 4 a Find the values of the constants p, q and r such that sin4 x p + q cos 2x + r cos 4x. b Hence, evaluate (4) (3) (3) (6)

sin4 x dx, (4) Solomon Press

giving your answer in terms of .

C4 5

INTEGRATION a Find the general solution of the differential equation dy = xy3. dx

Worksheet P continued

(4)

b Given also that y = 1 when x = 1, find the particular solution of the differential 2 equation, giving your answer in the form y2 = f(x). 6 a Show that, using the substitution x = eu,

(3)

1
7
e

2 + ln x x2

dx =

(2 + u)eu du.

(3)

b Hence, or otherwise, evaluate

dx.

(6)

The diagram shows the curve with parametric equations x = cos 2t, y = tan t, 0 t <
2

The shaded region is bounded by the curve and the coordinate axes. a Show that the area of the shaded region is given by

0
i sin2 A,

4 sin2 t dt.

(4) (4)

b Hence find the area of the shaded region, giving your answer in terms of . c Write down expressions in terms of cos 2A for ii cos2 A, and hence find a cartesian equation for the curve in the form y2 = f(x). 8 f(x)
6 2x2 . ( x + 1)2 ( x + 3)
A ( x + 1)2
B x +1 C x+3

(4)

a Find the values of the constants A, B and C such that f(x) + + . (4)

The curve y = f(x) crosses the y-axis at the point P. b Show that the tangent to the curve at P has the equation 14x + 3y = 6. c Evaluate (5)

f(x) dx, (5)

giving your answer in the form a + b ln 2 + c ln 3 where a, b and c are integers. Solomon Press