SỞ GD VÀ ĐT TP HỒ CHÍ MINH ĐỀ THI VÒNG LOẠI LẦN 2 HỌC SINH GIỎI KHỐI 12

TRƯỜNG THPT AN DƯƠNG VƯƠNG MÔN: TIẾNG ANH – NĂM HỌC 2022-2023
Họ tên ____________________Lớp ____ Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút
Multiple Choice (10 points)
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes the sentence.
1. Sometimes, two cultural values seem to ______________each other.
A. conflict B. contradict C. reflect D. disapprove
2. A walnut tree _____________us from the sun on hot days.
A. fences B. warns C. shelters D. prevents
3. People in financial difficulties sometimes fall_______to unscrupulous money lenders.
A. prey B. fool C. scapegoat D. sacrifice
4. You haven’t heard all the facts so don’t _____________to conclusions.
A. dash B. jump C. spring D. fly
5. He was a very ___________man. One day he would be happy, the next day he would be miserable.
A. uncontrollable B. uneven C. temperamental D. dispirited
6. Life expectancy on Pine Ridge is ______ in the Western Hemisphere.
A. the lower B. the most low C.the second lowest D. the second most low
7. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ___.
A. him calling me B. him to call me C. that he would call me D. that he call me
8. “Do you mind if I go now?”
“I would rather you ___if it’s not a problem.
A. staying B. to stay C. stay D. stayed
9. “I am afraid of hurting their feelings.”
“I know, but it is important that they _____the truth.”
A. will be telling B. be told C. were telling D. are told
10. War and Peace, ______, was published in 1869.
A. Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
B. that is Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
C. which most celebrated novel of Leo Tolstoy
D. is a Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
Word Formation (10 points)
Use the correct form of the word given to fill in each blank.
1. All the __________________ from the last lecture were not allowed to attend the interview for
the coming project. (absent)
2. She spent hours getting the house __________________ clean. (spot)
3. __________________ children will not be allowed to cross busy roads. (accompany)
4. I’m afraid i am not very __________________. (photo)

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 5. Paul is a good employee, and is very __________________. (conscience)
6. The speech was widely praised for its __________________. (brief)
7. Successful treatment is __________________ people's lives. (length)
8. Resemblances between their stories are purely __________________. (incidence)
9. Many ______________ around the world are at least partially accessible to the public. (observe)
10. The recent economic crisis has led to massive __________________. (lay)
OPEN CLOZE (10 points)
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
Experts say that if you feel drowsy during the day, even during boring activities, you haven’t had
enough sleep. If you routinely fall (1) __________within five minutes of lying down, you probably
have severe sleep deprivation, possibly even a sleep disorder. “Microsleeps,” or very brief episodes of
sleep in an otherwise awake person, are another mark of sleep deprivation. In many cases, people are
not aware that they are (2) ____________ microsleeps. The widespread practice of “burning the candle
at both ends” in western industrialized societies has created so much sleep deprivation that what is
really abnormal sleepiness is now almost the norm.
Many studies make it (3) __________that sleep deprivation is dangerous. Sleep-deprived people who
are tested by using a driving simulator or by performing a hand-eye coordination task perform as (4)
__________as or worse than (5) __________who are intoxicated. Sleep deprivation also magnifies
alcohol’s effects on the body, so a fatigued person who drinks will become much more impaired than
(6) __________ who is well rested. Driver fatigue is responsible for an estimated 100,000 motor
vehicle accidents and 1,500 deaths each year, (7) __________to the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration. Since (8) __________ is the brain’s last step before falling asleep, driving while
drowsy can—and often does—lead to disaster. Caffeine and other (9) __________ cannot overcome
the effects of severe sleep deprivation. The National Sleep Foundation says that if you have trouble
keeping your eyes focused, if you can’t stop yawning, or if you can’t remember driving the last few
miles, you are probably (10) __________ drowsy to drive safely.
REWRITE THE SENTENCES WITH GIVEN WORDS (10 points)
1. His smooth manner didn’t deceive us. (taken)
We _____________________________________________________________.
2. These two makes of computer are practically the same. (hardly)
There _____________________________________________________________.
3. I did not realize how much he was influenced by his father.(extent)
I did not realize _____________________________________________________.
4. How has the strike affected students’ attendance? (effect)
What _____________________________________________________________?
5. Perhaps she didn’t know the truth. (might)
She _____________________________________________________________.

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6. Lucy is such an optimist- even in the most difficult situations. (side)
Lucy manages ___________________________________even in the most difficult situations.
7. Tom does such a good job that I would do nothing differently. (shoes)
Were ___________________________________________________ change anything.
8. I wish I hadn’t told him that. (take)
If only I ______________________________________________ said.
9. It was very cold yesterday, so we didn’t want to do anything. (feel)
It was so _________________________________________________ anything.
10. Nobody really expected Bill to do so well in his Chemistry exams. (aback)
Everyone ________________________________________ so well in his Chemistry exams.
READING PASSAGE
A second attempt at domesticating the tomato
A
It took at least 3,000 years for humans to learn how to domesticate the wild tomato and cultivate it for
food. Now two separate teams in Brazil and China have done it all over again in less than three years.
And they have done it better in some ways, as the re-domesticated tomatoes are more nutritious than
the ones we eat at present.
This approach relies on the revolutionary CRISPR genome editing technique, in which changes are
deliberately made to the DNA of a living cell, allowing genetic material to be added, removed or
altered. The technique could not only improve existing crops, but could also be used to turn thousands
of wild plants into useful and appealing foods. In fact, a third team in the US has already begun to do
this with a relative of the tomato called the groundcherry.
This fast-track domestication could help make the world’s food supply healthier and far more resistant
to diseases, such as the rust fungus devastating wheat crops.
‘This could transform what we eat,’ says Jorg Kudla at the University of Munster in Germany, a
member of the Brazilian team. ‘There are 50,000 edible plants in the world, but 90 percent of our
energy comes from just 15 crops.’
‘We can now mimic the known domestication course of major crops like rice, maize, sorghum or
others,’ says Caixia Gao of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. ‘Then we might try to
domesticate plants that have never been domesticated.’
B
Wild tomatoes, which are native to the Andes region in South America, produce pea-sized fruits. Over
many generations, peoples such as the Aztecs and Incas transformed the plant by selecting and
breeding plants with mutations* in their genetic structure, which resulted in desirable traits such as
larger fruit.

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But every time a single plant with a mutation is taken from a larger population for breeding, much
genetic diversity is lost. And sometimes the desirable mutations come with less desirable traits. For
instance, the tomato strains grown for supermarkets have lost much of their flavour.
By comparing the genomes of modern plants to those of their wild relatives, biologists have been
working out what genetic changes occurred as plants were domesticated. The teams in Brazil and China
have now used this knowledge to reintroduce these changes from scratch while maintaining or even
enhancing the desirable traits of wild strains.
C
Kudla’s team made six changes altogether. For instance, they tripled the size of fruit by editing a gene
called FRUIT WEIGHT, and increased the number of tomatoes per truss by editing another called
MULTIFLORA.
While the historical domestication of tomatoes reduced levels of the red pigment lycopene – thought to
have potential health benefits – the team in Brazil managed to boost it instead. The wild tomato has
twice as much lycopene as cultivated ones; the newly domesticated one has five times as much.
‘They are quite tasty,’ says Kudla. ‘A little bit strong. And very aromatic.’
The team in China re-domesticated several strains of wild tomatoes with desirable traits lost in
domesticated tomatoes. In this way they managed to create a strain resistant to a common disease
called bacterial spot race, which can devastate yields. They also created another strain that is more salt
tolerant – and has higher levels of vitamin C.
D
Meanwhile, Joyce Van Eck at the Boyce Thompson Institute in New York state decided to use the
same approach to domesticate the groundcherry or goldenberry (Physalis pruinosa) for the first time.
This fruit looks similar to the closely related Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana).
Groundcherries are already sold to a limited extent in the US but they are hard to produce because the
plant has a sprawling growth habit and the small fruits fall off the branches when ripe. Van Eck’s team
has edited the plants to increase fruit size, make their growth more compact and to stop fruits dropping.
‘There’s potential for this to be a commercial crop,’ says Van Eck. But she adds that taking the work
further would be expensive because of the need to pay for a licence for the CRISPR technology and get
regulatory approval.
E
This approach could boost the use of many obscure plants, says Jonathan Jones of the Sainsbury Lab in
the UK. But it will be hard for new foods to grow so popular with farmers and consumers that they
become new staple crops, he thinks.
The three teams already have their eye on other plants that could be ‘catapulted into the mainstream’,
including foxtail, oat-grass and cowpea. By choosing wild plants that are drought or heat tolerant, says
Gao, we could create crops that will thrive even as the planet warms.

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But Kudla didn’t want to reveal which species were in his team’s sights, because CRISPR has made the
process so easy. ‘Any one with the right skills could go to their lab and do this.’
* mutations: changes in an organism’s genetic structure that can be passed down to later generations
Questions 1-10
The Reading Passage has five paragraphs, A-E.
Which section contains the following information?
.1 a reference to a type of tomato that can resist a dangerous infection.
2 an explanation of how problems can arise from focusing only on a certain type of tomato plant.
3 a number of examples of plants that are not cultivated at present but could be useful as food sources.
4 a comparison between the early domestication of the tomato and more recent research
5 a personal reaction to the flavour of a tomato that has been genetically edited
Write the correct letter, A-E
NB You may use any letter more than once.
Answers: 1 ______; 2 _______; 3 _______; 4 ________; 5 _______
Look at the following statements and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher, A-D.
6 Domestication of certain plants could allow them to adapt to future environmental challenges.
7 The idea of growing and eating unusual plants may not be accepted on a large scale.
8 It is not advisable for the future direction of certain research to be made public.
9 Present efforts to domesticate one wild fruit are limited by the costs involved.
10 Humans only make use of a small proportion of the plant food available on Earth.
List of Researchers
A Jorg Kudla
B Caixia Gao
C Joyce Van Eck
D Jonathan Jones

Write the correct letter, A-D,

THE END

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