MALAWI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND APPLIED SCIENCES (MUBAS)

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

AUTOMATIC POULTRY FEEDER SYSTEM

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING PROJECT

DEPARTMENT: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY: LIRA NGIRAZIE ( REG # CJX 1528 )

SUBMITTED TO: MR. W. MSOWOYA (SUPERVISOR)

DATE: 20 NOVEMBER 2023

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I would like to thank GOD Almighty for being my strength in times of needs and my place
of comfort. With the LORD Almighty, all things are possible.

With my deepest sense of gratitude, I would like to express my utmost and sincerest thanks to
my supervisor, Mr. Wongani Msowoya for his guidance, suggestion and feedbacks for the entire
period of this project. He provided me with never ending encouragement and support to finish
this project.

I also would like to name few of many for being very supportive to me, Mr. Lee Aristotle
Ngirazie, Tyvin Mhove, Richard Ng’oma, Benson Manasseh, Mphatso Lameck, Christopher
Ngirazie, Praise Ngirazie, Rita Ngirazie, Mtisunge Ngirazie, Blessing Ngirazie and many more
people for being so kind and understanding in completing my project.

I also grateful acknowledge the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of the
Malawi University of Business and Applied Science for providing the sufficient guidance to
complete this project smoothly. I also thank the department for funding of the materials and
equipment is used for this project

I will cherish the contributions, supports and encouragement of the above people in my heart
forever. Without the contributions from any of these people I believe, that I would not have
reached my objective. Again, thank you very much and all of you will always be remembered

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Table Contents

1.0 RESEARCH ENGINEERING PROBLEMS....................................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................2
2.0 WORKPLACE ALCOHOL DETECTOR WITH REPORTING THROUGH SMS PROJECT...................................2
3.0. AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH VISITOR COUNTER PROJECT.......................................2
3.1 DESCRIPTION...................................................................................................................................2
3.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE...........................................................................................................................2
4.0. AUTOMATIC NOISE LEVEL DETECTION, MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEMS PROJECT..................3
4.1 DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................................3
4.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE...........................................................................................................................4
5.0 AUTOMATIC POULTRY FEEDER (WATER) MONITORING SYSTEM PROJECT............................................5
5.1 DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................................................5
5.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE...........................................................................................................................5
6.0. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................6
7.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT JUSTIFICATION..................................................................................................7
7.1 Main objective...................................................................................................................................8
7.2 Specific objectives..............................................................................................................................9
8.0 DESIGN STANDARDS..............................................................................................................................9
Design Standards for the Poultry Feeder System............................................................................9
9.0 LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................................10
9.1 Development of an IoT-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder Controlled by Smartphone....................10
9.2. Control and monitoring system for livestock feeding time............................................................14
9.3. Development or Arduino based automatic feeding and cooling system for poultry farm..............19
9.4. Development of automatic chicken feeder using Arduino Uno.................................................24
10.0 PROPOSED PROJECT..........................................................................................................................26
10.1 THE SYSTEM OPERATION OF AUTOMATIC POULRTY FEEDER PROJECT.............................................27
10.2 SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT.................................................................................................................30
10.3 FAILURES OF THE PROJECT................................................................................................................31
11.0 METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.......................................................................32
12.0 WORK PLAN AND TIME FRAME OF THE PROJECT..............................................................................34

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13.0 THE BUDGET......................................................................................................................................35
14.0 CONCEPT GENERATION.....................................................................................................................36
14.1 Concept One..................................................................................................................................36
14.2 CONCEPT TWO...............................................................................................................................40
14.3 CONCEPT THREE............................................................................................................................43
14.4 CONCEPT FOUR..............................................................................................................................48
15.0 EVALUATION......................................................................................................................................51
16.0 PROJECT PROGRESSION..................................................................................................................52
17.0 PROGRAMMING CODES INCLUDED IN MY PROJECT..........................................................................59
18.0 REFERENCEE......................................................................................................................................62

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 1.0 RESEARCH ENGINEERING PROBLEMS

INTRODUCTION
There are many different engineering workplace problems faced by companies, institutions,
industries (factories) and even in homelands. Here I have come up with four project ideas that
will provide solutions in different sectors of engineering systems.

2.0 WORKPLACE ALCOHOL DETECTOR WITH REPORTING

THROUGH SMS PROJECT
2.1 DESCRIPTION

In various production, manufacturing, and processing industries, including my research site,

visual inspections and observations have revealed a significant issue: accidents and incidents
frequently arise due to co-workers being under the influence of alcohol during work hours.
Currently, the company relies on manual observations to identify potentially intoxicated
individuals. If someone is suspected of being drunk, they are isolated and given a chance to pick
a ball. If a white ball is chosen, no test is administered, but if a red or orange ball is picked, an
alcohol test is conducted. This system poses a risk, allowing potentially intoxicated workers to
enter the workplace, leading to an increased likelihood of accidents.

Recognizing this challenge, I have developed the Workplace Alcohol Detector with Reporting
Through SMS project to address and mitigate the risks associated with alcohol consumption in
the workplace.

This innovative project is not exclusive to this Company only; it can be implemented in various
institutions where alcohol is restricted. The system is directly installed in workplaces, and upon
detecting alcohol, it promptly sends an alert via SMS to authorized security personnel. This
ensures swift and appropriate action can be taken against the concerned person or worker within
the workplace.

2.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

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The primary objective of the Workplace Alcohol Detector with Reporting Through SMS project
is to provide a proactive solution to the challenge of alcohol-related incidents in the workplace.
The specific goals include:

1. Detection of Alcohol: Implement a reliable system capable of accurately detecting the

presence of alcohol on individuals entering the workplace.

2. Real-Time Reporting: Enable the system to send real-time alerts through SMS to
authorized security personnel as soon as alcohol is detected.

3. Swift Action: Facilitate immediate and appropriate action by authorized personnel to

address the situation, ensuring the safety of the workplace and its occupants.

4. Applicability: Design the system to be versatile and applicable to various institutions and
workplaces where alcohol restrictions are in place.

5. Mitigation of Accidents: Contribute to a safer work environment by reducing the

likelihood of accidents resulting from individuals working under the influence of alcohol.

The Workplace Alcohol Detector with Reporting Through SMS project aims to enhance
workplace safety and provide a proactive approach to alcohol-related risks, fostering a secure
and accident-free working environment.

3.0. AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH VISITOR

COUNTER PROJECT
3.1 DESCRIPTION
Nowadays, wastage of electricity is real becoming a problematic thing in homes, schools,
offices, hotels and even in different production industries. After making my research through
direct observation it has been noted that many electronic devices such fans, lights are kept on

3.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of the Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter project is to
address the issue of electricity wastage in various settings, providing an efficient solution for
energy conservation. The project aims to automatically control lighting systems by switching

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lights on when a person enters a room and turning them off when the room is unoccupied. The
key goals of the project include:

1. Energy Conservation: Implement a system that automatically switches lights on and off
based on the presence or absence of individuals in a room, thereby eliminating
unnecessary electricity wastage.

2. Visitor Counting: Integrate a visitor counter circuit using infrared sensors to accurately
measure the number of people entering and leaving a room.

3. Automation: Achieve seamless automation where lights are turned on when the person
count is greater than zero and turned off when the count reaches zero, optimizing energy
usage.

4. Reliability: Utilize a relay mechanism to ensure reliable switching of lights, enhancing

the durability and effectiveness of the system.

5. Versatility: Design the system to be adaptable to various settings, such as households,

schools, hotels, and offices, offering a versatile solution for energy-efficient lighting
control.

The Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter project holds immense potential for
positively impacting energy conservation practices across different environments. By combining
automation and visitor counting technologies, this project aims to contribute to a more
sustainable and energy-efficient future.

4.0. AUTOMATIC NOISE LEVEL DETECTION, MONITORING AND

WARNING SYSTEMS PROJECT.
4.1 DESCRIPTION
Many manufacturing companies that use different machine operations like One Company where
I approached one of the machine operators to do some research on how they trace that the
machines they are not working properly, efficiently and a sign that indicate that the machine is
faulty.

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Currently these operators for them to trace that the machines are not working properly mainly
they use a technic of listen to the abnormal sounds produced by the machines but still more this
technic is not proficient enough since their might be a slight change of noise level within that the
users cannot hear at all so upon observing this I have taken an advantage to come up with a
project which will automatically detect noise level slight changes of the machines and this
project is called an automatic noise level detection, monitoring system and warning systems
project.

4.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

The key objective of the Automatic Noise Level Detection, Monitoring, and Warning Systems
project is to enhance the efficiency of machinery monitoring. The specific project goals include:

1. Continuous Noise Monitoring: Develop a system capable of continuously monitoring

and measuring decibel levels produced by machinery during operations.
2. Threshold Alert: Implement a threshold alert mechanism that triggers an immediate
warning when the detected noise level exceeds the predefined normal range.
3. Real-time User Alert: Provide real-time alerts to users or operators, signaling the need
to halt the machine for thorough inspection and maintenance.
4. Preventive Maintenance: Facilitate proactive measures by allowing users to promptly
address machinery faults, reducing the risk of prolonged malfunctions and potential
damage.
5. Efficient Fault Identification: Enhance the overall process of identifying and addressing
machinery issues by automating the detection of subtle changes in noise levels.

The Automatic Noise Level Detection, Monitoring, and Warning Systems project is poised to
significantly improve the monitoring and maintenance practices in manufacturing companies. By
introducing automation and real-time alerts, this project aims to enhance the overall efficiency,
reliability, and safety of machinery operations.

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5.0 AUTOMATIC POULTRY FEEDER (WATER) MONITORING
SYSTEM PROJECT
5.1 DESCRIPTION
In numerous large poultry farms across Malawi, the effective control of water levels in troughs
has posed a persistent challenge, primarily due to suboptimal services provided by employees.
Through my research, particularly engaging with a worker, it was observed that Central Poultry,
among other companies, grapple with such issues.

Presently, the company relies on manual intervention from employees to manage water levels by
refilling troughs. However, owing to the incompetence and lack of diligence among the
workforce, there have been instances where the troughs are completely dry, posing a severe risk
to the poultry. Conversely, there are occasions when the troughs are overfilled, leaving the
poultry susceptible to waterborne diseases. To address these recurrent issues, continuous
monitoring of the troughs is imperative. In response, I propose the installation of water sensors in
the troughs to ensure real-time monitoring of water levels.

5.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

This project is designed to be highly beneficial to poultry farmers, introducing an innovative
system to detect and manage water levels in the troughs. The key project objectives include:

1. Water Level Detection: Implement a reliable system using water sensors to detect the
water levels in poultry troughs continuously.
2. Automated Refilling: Develop a mechanism that, when the water level falls below a
predetermined minimum, triggers an automatic pumping system to fill up the trough.
3. Automatic Shut-off: Ensure that when the water level reaches the maximum capacity,
the pumping system is automatically deactivated to prevent overfilling.
4. Mitigation of Risks: Minimize the risk of poultry mortality due to inadequate water
supply or waterborne diseases resulting from overfilling.
5. Operational Efficiency: Enhance the overall efficiency of poultry farming operations by
reducing manual interventions and ensuring a consistent and appropriate water supply.

The Automatic Poultry Feeder (Water) Monitoring System project aims to revolutionize water
management in poultry farms, addressing critical issues faced by companies like Central Poultry.

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By introducing automation and real-time monitoring, this project seeks to enhance the welfare of
poultry and streamline operations for poultry farmers.

6.0. INTRODUCTION
My project is designed to minimize the roles or real-life poultry attendants in delivery of feed
and water at a specified time of interval since it provides a resource that will help in monitoring
and controlling all of the above mentioned and will reduce human energy since it will work on
its own. In the realm of suboptimal management practices, the year-round survival of poultry
livestock becomes a formidable challenge. The precarious situation arises from instances where
the water troughs are inconsistently filled—either insufficiently, putting the livestock at the brink
of mortality, or excessively, heightening the risk of waterborne diseases. A parallel concern
manifests in the inadvertent shortage of feed in troughs, unknowingly compromising the well-
being of the livestock and contributing to diminished production rates.

Recognizing these critical issues, my project emerges as a strategic solution poised to

revolutionize poultry management. Its primary objective is to diminish the reliance on traditional
poultry attendants by implementing an automated system for the precise delivery of feed and
water at predetermined intervals. This innovative approach not only addresses the life-
threatening aspects of water scarcity and excess but also tackles the subtler challenge of
fluctuating feed availability.

At its core, the project serves as a comprehensive resource, integrating monitoring and control
mechanisms. By doing so, it not only mitigates the risks associated with inadequate water and
feed levels but also serves as a catalyst for heightened efficiency in poultry production. The
inherent autonomy of the system not only minimizes human involvement but also optimizes
energy utilization, ushering in a new era of sustainable and technologically enhanced poultry
husbandry.

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7.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT JUSTIFICATION
Poultry farming stands as a pivotal sector in the agricultural industry, playing a vital role in
securing global food supplies. Countless individuals rely on poultry farming for their financial
sustenance. However, within this crucial industry, effective management of water and food
consumption at precise intervals emerges as a paramount challenge, significantly impacting the
profitability of small-scale farmers.

While the conventional assumption is that water levels in troughs and the feed of livestock are
routinely monitored, reality often diverges from this ideal. The repercussions are substantial,
leading to increased disease outbreaks, weakened livestock, and a notable decline in production
rates. Recognizing this pressing issue, the focus shifts towards the development of an automated
poultry feeding monitoring system. This innovative solution aims to diligently monitor both
water levels and feed quantities, thereby addressing the root causes of the challenges faced by
poultry farmers.

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The figure below illustrates an automatic poultry feeding system

7.1 Main objective

This project aims to create a cost-effective and efficient automatic feeder model catering
specifically to poultry owners. The proposed system incorporates sensors to monitor water and
feed levels in real-time, providing valuable data on their quantities. By utilizing sensing
technology, the feeder can discern whether these levels are low or high, offering a convenient
and automated solution for poultry farmers. This innovative approach not only enhances the
management of feed and water resources but also contributes to the overall well-being and
productivity of the poultry, while remaining accessible to poultry owners seeking an affordable
and reliable solution.

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 7.2 Specific objectives
• The system incorporates automatic monitoring and control features to efficiently manage water
and feed levels, alleviating the need for extensive human intervention. By promptly detecting
low or high levels of water and feed, the technology streamlines the poultry management
process.

• To enhance the farmer's awareness and responsiveness, the system is designed to send SMS
notifications when the feed quantity is insufficient. This real-time communication ensures that
farmers are promptly informed about any potential shortages, enabling them to take timely
corrective actions and optimize the well-being of their poultry.

8.0 DESIGN STANDARDS

Design Standards for the Poultry Feeder System

1. Simple to Use:

 Description:
 The system prioritizes user-friendliness, ensuring that poultry farmers, regardless of their
technical expertise, can easily operate and maintain it. Once properly installed, the
system operates autonomously.

2. Cost:

 Description:
 The design emphasizes cost-effectiveness by employing a straightforward circuit design
that utilizes locally available resources. This approach aims to keep production costs low,
making the system accessible to a broader range of poultry farmers.


3. Effectiveness:

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 Description:
 The system's primary objective is to efficiently monitor water and food levels
automatically. By eliminating the need for constant human supervision, the system
contributes to the economic and convenient management of food and water resources in
poultry farms. The automation ensures timely and precise control of feeding processes.

4. Durability:

 Description:
 While the system is designed for durability, it acknowledges the possibility of faults over
time. The maintenance process is straightforward, allowing for easy repairs when
necessary. The system aims for a minimum lifespan of two years, providing reliability
and longevity to poultry farmers.

9.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

A literature review can be described as a wide summary of research on a previous topic which
can help to produce a new or improved product which satisfies the requirements of the current
environment. Therefore, through this research some problems in exist products can be looked
into so that some of them can be reduced accordingly

9.1 Development of an IoT-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder Controlled by

Smartphone
In 2016, the International Journal of Science and Innovative Technology, under the guidance of
faculty of engineering students, introduced a groundbreaking prototype: an automatic chicken
feeder machine controlled by a smartphone. This innovative system aimed to revolutionize
poultry farming by enabling users to remotely monitor and manage water and food levels
through a user-friendly smartphone interface.

9.1.1 The Design Concept:

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The system's foundation lies in the Internet of Things (IoT), integrating food and water sensors
for real-time monitoring. These sensors play a crucial role in ensuring that the water and food
levels are maintained within optimal ranges. When these levels fall below the predetermined
thresholds, the system prompts the user via smartphone notification, alerting them to take action.

9.1.2 Operation of the Circuit:

The heart of this project is a sophisticated circuit designed to operate seamlessly within the IoT
framework. Food and water sensors are strategically placed within the system to provide
continuous feedback on their respective levels. In the event of insufficient levels, the system
sends an instant notification to the user via a dedicated smartphone application.

Key Features:

1. IoT Integration: The system operates within the IoT ecosystem, enabling seamless
communication between the chicken feeder machine and the user's smartphone. This
connectivity ensures real-time data monitoring and control.

2. Smartphone Application (Blynk): Users are equipped with the Blynk application on their
smartphones, serving as a user-friendly interface to control the system. This application
acts as an efficient on/off switch for the motor-controlled microcontroller, allowing users
to manage the feeding process remotely.

3. Automated Notifications: The system proactively sends notifications to the user when
water or food levels are below the required thresholds. This feature empowers farmers to
take timely action, maintaining optimal conditions for their poultry.

4. Motor-Controlled Microcontroller: The system incorporates a motor-controlled

microcontroller that responds to user commands via the smartphone application. This
allows for precise control over the feeding process, ensuring that the required levels are
replenished promptly.

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9.1.3 The structural design of automatic chicken feeder via smartphone

9.1.4 Advantages of the IoT-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder:

1. Remote Monitoring and Control: Farmers can monitor and control the chicken feeder
remotely using their smartphones, providing convenience and flexibility in managing
poultry operations.

2. Real-time Data Monitoring: The integration of IoT allows for real-time monitoring of
food and water levels, enabling proactive decision-making and timely interventions.

3. Efficient Resource Management: The automated system helps in efficient resource

utilization by ensuring that food and water are supplied only when needed, reducing
waste and associated costs.

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 4. Timely Notifications: Automated notifications alert farmers when water or food levels
are below the required thresholds, enabling prompt action to maintain optimal conditions
for poultry.

5. User-Friendly Interface: The Blynk application offers a user-friendly interface for

controlling the system, making it accessible even for users with limited technical
expertise.

6. Precision Feeding: The motor-controlled microcontroller allows for precise control over
the feeding process, ensuring that the required levels are replenished accurately.

9.1.5 Disadvantages of the IoT-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder:

1. Initial Cost: The implementation of IoT technology and associated components may
result in a higher initial cost, potentially limiting adoption, especially for smaller-scale
poultry farmers.

2. Technical Complexity: The sophisticated circuitry and IoT integration may pose
challenges for farmers who are not familiar with advanced technology, leading to
potential difficulties in setup and troubleshooting.

3. Dependency on Technology: The system's reliance on technology makes it susceptible to

disruptions such as power outages or network issues, which could impact its
functionality.

4. Maintenance Challenges: The complexity of the system may introduce maintenance

challenges, and farmers may require specialized knowledge or assistance for
troubleshooting and repairs.

5. Security Concerns: IoT devices are vulnerable to cybersecurity threats, and if not
adequately secured, there is a risk of unauthorized access or manipulation of the system.

6. Limited Customization: The system may have limited flexibility for customization based
on specific farm requirements, potentially restricting its adaptability to diverse poultry
farming setups.

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9.2. Control and monitoring system for livestock feeding time
The main objective of this project is to control and monitor livestock feeding time using
application via smartphones. The farmers can feed their livestock automatically by using
smartphones only. This is to ensure that the livestock are fed according to the right feeding
schedule. Next, this project can save energy and money to hire more workers. This is because the
hopper storage can accommodate the food up to three days. Therefore, farmers do not need to
give food on their own to their livestock every day. For the limitation, this project only focuses
on livestock such as cows, horses and goats but not including poultry. This is because the way to
feed poultry and cows is different. The importance of this project is to automate the feeding of
the livestock. This project supports the livestock feeding to cope up with their needs in terms of
automating the feeding of the livestock.

9.2.1. Materials and methods

Fig. 1 - Block diagram

Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the connection between hardware and software system for this
project. It consists of two parts which are the hardware part such as ultrasonic sensor, load cell
and Arduino WeMos D1R2 and software part such as Blynk app. First, we install Blynk

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application from the Apps store in the phone. Then, we can code the Arduino WeMos by using
Arduino IDE software [6]. From this software, we can connect directly to the Blynk [7]. By
using Blynk, this system can monitor and control the hardware used. In this project, users will be
able to control the time to feed their livestock (cows) and monitor the level of food in the hopper
storage, the amount of food in the container and the presence of livestock (cows) near the food
container by using smartphone application

Operation of the system

: 1. Set time using the smartphone application.

2. When the time is reached, the actuator of the hopper storage will open to drop the food on the
food container of the livestock.

3. User can also manually control the actuator using the app.

4. The ultrasonic sensor in the hopper storage will sense the level of food and send a notification
through the app to user so that user can monitor the level of food present.

5. The ultrasonic sensor at the food container is used to sense the presence of livestock while the
load cell will sense the weight of food left in the container so as to help user to monitor whether
the livestock have eaten

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 . Fig. 2 - Flowchart of the smart feeder system

The operation system can be seen in the flowchart as in Fig. 2. Arduino WeMos is same like
Arduino Uno but with the added advantage of built-in WiFi [8]. So it means the board looks and
works like the Uno except this system required good line coverage to get the high speed internet.
Blynk app connects with the Arduino WeMos with the help of internet connection. Next, the
wires from the Arduino connected to the circuit and to the sensors.

Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram of the smart feeder system. The schematic diagram is
plotted using the Fritzing tool. There are two ultrasonic sensors, load cell with HX711 amplifier
module and servo motor connecting

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Advantages of the Smart Livestock Feeder System:

1. Automated Feeding Schedule: The system allows farmers to set and control feeding
schedules through a smartphone application, ensuring that livestock are fed at the right
times consistently.

2. Energy and Cost Savings: The hopper storage can accommodate food for up to three
days, reducing the need for daily manual feeding. This saves energy and labor costs, as
farmers do not have to hire additional workers for daily feeding tasks.

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 3. Real-time Monitoring: Livestock feeding parameters such as food level in the hopper
storage, amount of food in the container, and the presence of livestock near the food
container can be monitored in real-time through the smartphone application.

4. Remote Control: Farmers can manually control the feeding actuator using the app,
providing flexibility in adjusting feeding times or responding to specific needs of the
livestock.

5. Notifications for Monitoring: The system sends notifications to the user's smartphone
when the food level in the hopper storage is low, allowing farmers to take timely action
to refill the storage.

6. Livestock Health Monitoring: The combination of ultrasonic sensors and load cells
enables farmers to monitor the presence of livestock and the weight of food in the
container, providing insights into the health and eating habits of the animals.

7. Ease of Use: The Blynk application offers a user-friendly interface for both setting
schedules and monitoring livestock feeding parameters, making it accessible for farmers
with varying levels of technical expertise.

Disadvantages of the Smart Livestock Feeder System:

1. Limited to Specific Livestock: The system is designed for livestock such as cows,
horses, and goats, excluding poultry. This limitation may restrict its applicability for
farmers with diverse types of livestock.

2. Dependency on Internet Connectivity: The system relies on a stable internet

connection for communication between the smartphone application and the Arduino
WeMos. In areas with poor connectivity, this dependency may pose challenges.

3. Initial Setup Complexity: Farmers may face challenges during the initial setup,
including installing the Blynk application, coding the Arduino WeMos, and ensuring
proper connectivity with sensors.

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 4. Maintenance Requirements: The system may require periodic maintenance to ensure
sensors and actuators function properly, and farmers may need technical assistance for
troubleshooting.

5. Security Concerns: As with any IoT system, there may be security concerns related to
the connection between the smartphone application and the Arduino WeMos. Proper
security measures should be implemented to prevent unauthorized access.

6. Cost of Components: The initial investment in the required components, such as

ultrasonic sensors, load cells, and Arduino WeMos, may be relatively high, potentially
limiting adoption for smaller-scale farmers.

9.3. Development or Arduino based automatic feeding and cooling system for
poultry farm

The automatic feeding and cooling system for poultry farm, developed by Sumitra Goswami in
November 2020 under the Electrical, Instrumentation, and Control Engineering department, is
designed to manage various operations crucial for maintaining an optimal environment. The
system operates based on a well-defined architecture, as described below:

9.3.1 SYSTEM OPERATION ARCHITECTURE

The block diagram illustrates the flow of the automatic system. Here's a breakdown of the
system's operation:

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1. User Command Input:

 The user initiates commands through a Bluetooth control application.

2. Bluetooth Module:

 Signals from the user commands are transmitted to the Arduino board via the
Bluetooth module.

3. Feeding Operation:

 Upon receiving a command, the Arduino controls the feeding operation,

regulating the opening and closing of the food container valve.

 User commands such as "on" initiate food feeding, while "off" ceases the feeding
process.

4. Temperature Sensing:

 The system incorporates a DHT22 Temperature sensor to monitor the farm's

environmental temperature and humidity.

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  If the sensed temperature is above a predetermined threshold, the Fogger system
is activated to regulate and maintain the temperature.

5. Fogger System:

 The automated Fogger system starts when the environmental temperature is high.

 It deactivates when the temperature reaches the desired level, preventing

unnecessary cooling and conserving energy.

 The system can also be programmed to operate at specific time intervals.

6. Soil Mixture Operation:

 The user can command the initiation of the fork for soil mixture to reduce gases in
the poultry farm.

 The system is equipped to detect obstacles in the poultry farm to ensure safe and
effective operation.

MAIN CONTENTS OF THE SYSTEM

A. Arduino:

 An Arduino UNO microcontroller board is the heart of the system, utilizing the
ATMEGA328P controller chip. It operates at 5V with a clock speed of 10 MHz, allowing
for easy code uploading without an external hardware programmer.

B. Temperature Humidity Sensor Module (DHT22):

 This module measures environmental temperature and humidity using a DHT22 sensor,
providing digital outputs. It plays a critical role in maintaining a conducive environment
for poultry.

C. Ultrasonic Sensor:

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  The ultrasonic sensor measures distances non-contactly, ranging from 2cm to 400cm,
without causing damage to objects. It contributes to precise distance measurements
within the poultry farm.

D. Battery Module:

 A 12V battery module is employed to supply power to the Arduino UNO, ensuring the
system's autonomy and reliability even without a continuous external power source.

E. Fogger System:

 An automated system for maintaining and controlling the environmental temperature of

the poultry farm. It activates when the atmospheric temperature is high and deactivates
when it reaches the desired level, preventing unnecessary cooling.

Sumitra Goswami's innovative system combines technology and automation to address critical
aspects of poultry farm management, including feeding, temperature control, and environmental
monitoring.

Advantages of the Automatic Feeding and Cooling System for Poultry Farm:

1. Efficient Resource Management:

 The system ensures efficient use of resources by automating feeding operations

based on user commands, preventing overfeeding or underfeeding.

2. Optimal Environmental Conditions:

 The integration of temperature and humidity sensors, along with the Fogger
system, helps maintain an ideal environment for poultry, contributing to their
well-being and productivity.

3. User-Friendly Interface:

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  The Bluetooth control application provides a user-friendly interface for farmers to
remotely manage and monitor poultry farm operations, enhancing convenience
and accessibility.

4. Energy Conservation:

 The Fogger system activates only when needed, conserving energy by preventing
unnecessary cooling. This contributes to a more sustainable and cost-effective
operation.

5. Obstacle Detection for Safety:

 The system's ability to detect obstacles in the poultry farm ensures the safe
operation of the soil mixture fork, minimizing the risk of damage to equipment or
harm to animals.

6. Programmable Operation:

 The flexibility of programming the Fogger system to operate at specific time

intervals allows for customized control, adapting to varying environmental
conditions and farm requirements.

7. Reliability and Autonomy:

 The utilization of a 12V battery module ensures the system's reliability and
autonomy, allowing it to operate even in the absence of a continuous external
power source.

Disadvantages of the Automatic Feeding and Cooling System for Poultry Farm:

1. Initial Setup Complexity:

 The initial setup, including the integration of various sensors and components,
may pose a level of complexity that requires technical expertise for installation.

2. Maintenance Challenges:

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  Regular maintenance of sensors and electronic components may be required to
ensure the consistent and reliable operation of the system. Technical knowledge is
needed for troubleshooting and repairs.

3. Cost Considerations:

 The implementation of such a sophisticated automated system may involve

significant upfront costs for equipment, sensors, and technology, which could be a
barrier for small-scale farmers.

4. Dependence on Technology:

 The system's reliance on technology, particularly the Arduino board and

electronic components, makes the operation vulnerable to malfunctions or failures
in these components.

5. Limited Customization for Unique Farms:

 The system's design may not be easily adaptable to unique or specialized farm
setups, limiting its applicability for farms with specific requirements.

6. Bluetooth Range Limitation:

 The range of the Bluetooth module may be limited, affecting the distance from
which the user can control and monitor the system.

7. Sensor Accuracy Challenges:

 The accuracy of sensor readings, particularly the DHT22 temperature sensor, may
be influenced by environmental factors and may require periodic calibration

9.4. Development of automatic chicken feeder using Arduino Uno

This system was developed by s. adbullah and other colleagues in November 2017.
chicken poultry industry is an important industry for sustainable food supply in our
country. Several innovation and invention have been developed to improve the

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 healthiness of chicken in coop that lead to possibly high production of chicken meat and
eggs. Consequently, the development of an automatic chicken feeding machine can be
very useful to the growth of the poultry industry. This machine can replace the worker for
feeding the chicken thus overcome the labour problems in the industry and introduce a
semi-automatic process in the poultry industry. The feeding machine for chicken is using
an Arduino Uno board as its main controller. In this machine, it has two main parts, first,
an Arduino to control servomotor from storage to food container, and the second part is
an Arduino to control the temperature sensor for the freshness of the chicken food. This
helps to improve the environment in the coop while reducing labor cost, saving food and
chicken feeding on time, control the temperature sensor for the freshness of the chicken
food and avoid contaminated food from chicken faeces and insects

9.4.1 STRENGHTS

1. Labor Efficiency: One of the primary strengths is the automation of the feeding process,
reducing the dependency on manual labor. This can lead to significant cost savings and
increased efficiency in the poultry industry.

2. Improved Health and Hygiene: The incorporation of a temperature sensor to monitor

chicken food freshness is a notable strength. This feature helps maintain a healthier
environment in the coop by preventing the consumption of contaminated or spoiled food.

3. Reduced Feed Wastage: By using a controlled servo mechanism, the machine can
dispense feed in a controlled manner, minimizing wastage. This contributes to cost-
effectiveness and ensures that chickens receive the appropriate amount of food.

4. Enhanced Poultry Welfare: A well-controlled feeding system contributes to the overall

welfare of the poultry. It ensures that chickens are fed on time and receive the right
amount of nutrition, which can positively impact their health and productivity.

5. Semi-Automatic Process: The introduction of a semi-automatic process strikes a balance

between full automation and manual operation. This allows for greater control and
monitoring while still benefiting from automation.

6.

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9.4.2. WEAKNESS

1. Technical Complexity: The project's reliance on Arduino Uno boards and servo motors
may pose technical challenges, especially for users with limited technical expertise.
Maintenance and troubleshooting could be complex for some poultry farmers.

2. Initial Cost: Implementing such a system may involve a significant upfront cost for
acquiring the necessary components, including Arduino boards, sensors, and
servomotors. This could be a barrier for smaller poultry farmers with limited resources.

3. Dependency on Power Supply: The system's reliance on electronic components makes

it dependent on a stable power supply. In areas with unreliable electricity, this could be a
limitation unless alternative power sources like solar energy are integrated.

4. Limited Flexibility: The system's design may be tailored for specific coop
configurations and sizes. Adapting it to different setups or expanding its capacity might
require additional adjustments and modifications.

5. Maintenance and Durability: Mechanical components, such as servomotors, may

experience wear and tear over time. Ensuring the durability of these components and
providing accessible maintenance solutions will be critical for long-term viability.

6. Sensor Accuracy and Calibration: The effectiveness of the temperature sensor relies on
its accuracy and proper calibration. Any inaccuracies in the sensor readings could lead to
issues in maintaining food freshness.

7. User Training: Farmers will need to be trained on the operation and maintenance of the
system. Providing adequate training and support is crucial for the successful adoption of
the technology

10.0 PROPOSED PROJECT

This developmental project is specifically engineered to autonomously control and monitor both
food and water levels in poultry coops, eliminating the need for manual intervention.
Simultaneously, it ensures that farmers remain informed about the remaining levels through real-

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time alerts sent directly to their mobile phones. By seamlessly integrating automation, the system
not only optimizes the feeding and watering processes but also enhances the overall efficiency of
poultry management. This innovative approach not only minimizes human effort but also
empowers farmers with timely and crucial information for effective decision-making through
instant mobile notifications.

10.1 THE SYSTEM OPERATION OF AUTOMATIC POULRTY FEEDER

PROJECT
Water level sensor circuit

The purpose of this circuit is to monitor and control water level in the water trough within the
safe height range. This sensor notifies the operator when water level goes below the threshold
minimum value. Therefore, an automatic pump motor in required to pump the water from reserve
tank to the water trough, upon reaching the maximum normal level the circuit senses and the
pump immediately stops.

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Ultrasonic sensor circuit (food sensors)

This sensor plays a role of monitoring and controlling amount of food in the feeder trays with the
help of DC motor. When the food goes below a certain set level the ultrasonic sensors gives a
signal to a DC motor drive to open and fill the feeder trays with food and at the same time it
sends SMS to the operator.

Arduino Uno (microcontroller)

The microcontroller embedded in this system boasts the capability to seamlessly receive signals
from various sensors. Upon receiving these signals, it adeptly commands the water pump and the
servomotor, orchestrating precise control over their operations. The microcontroller's
responsiveness to input sensor signals enables it to initiate and halt the functions of the water
pump and servomotor with exactitude, thereby ensuring a finely tuned and automated system for
managing the poultry environment. This integral functionality enhances the overall efficiency of
the system, allowing for optimal control and coordination in response to the signals received
from the input sensors.

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 RELAY WATER
MODULE PUMP
WATER LEVEL
SENSOR

ARDUINO UNO
MICROCONTROLLER
GSM PHONE

DC
RELAY
MOTOR
MODULE
ULTRASONIC
SENSOR

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THE ACQUISITION BLOCK:

This pivotal block integrates two crucial sensors, namely the water level sensor and the
ultrasonic sensor, directly connected to the microcontroller's input. The water level sensor is
responsible for gauging the water levels in the trough, signaling the microcontroller with a high
voltage if the water level is ample and a low voltage if it is low. Simultaneously, the ultrasonic
sensor operates in tandem, transmitting signals to the microcontroller to activate the DC motor
when the food level is insufficient. This innovative mechanism involves the sensor emitting
signals into the feeder trays. As these signals encounter layers of food, they reflect back to the
transmitter, enabling the sensor to measure the distance between the feeder outlet and the
quantity of food in the tray.

THE ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER: Serving as the brain of the system, the Arduino
microcontroller receives and processes inputs from both the water level sensor and the ultrasonic
sensor. The microcontroller meticulously executes coded instructions, ensuring seamless
integration and efficient control over the entire system.

MONITORING BLOCK: This block features a vital LCD display, providing real-time
visibility into the water level and food quantity. The LCD acts as the interface through which
users can effortlessly monitor and assess the essential parameters of the system.

AUTOMATIC FUNCTION BLOCK: Central to the system's autonomous operations, the

Automatic Function Block incorporates hardware components such as a water pump, DC motor,
and relay. When the water level falls below the designated threshold, the Arduino triggers the
relay module, prompting the water pump to refill the trough until the optimal water level is
achieved. Simultaneously, the ultrasonic sensor, detecting low food levels, prompts the Arduino
to signal the DC motor to open and replenish the feeder trays with food. This automated
mechanism ensures that both water and food resources are consistently maintained at optimum
levels, enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the overall system.

10.2 SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT

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 1. Efficient Monitoring: The project has successfully empowered operators with the ability
to monitor water and food levels through a user-friendly interface, either using the LCD
display or remotely via mobile phones.

2. Independent Power Supply: The incorporation of an independent power supply

enhances the project's functionality, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring and control, even
in scenarios where the main power source faces disruptions.

3. Simplicity and Affordability: The prototype design is acknowledged for its simplicity
and affordability, making it accessible to a wide range of poultry farmers. This cost-
effectiveness contributes to the project's practicality and widespread adoption.

4. Labor Reduction: The system's successful implementation has effectively replaced the
manual work of numerous individuals. This reduction in labor not only streamlines
operations but also enhances farming efficiency and breeding practices.

10.3 FAILURES OF THE PROJECT

1. Competition and Hierarchy Issues: The project has encountered cha

llenges related to the competitive nature of livestock during feeding. Issues arise over
who gets to eat first or whether certain birds have access to food. This aspect highlights
the need for further refinement in the feeding mechanism to address these behavioral
challenges.

2. Sensor Reliability and Supervision: The system requires high supervision due to
potential failures in detecting sensors. If the sensors fail to identify low food levels, the
system may continue dispensing preprogrammed meals, leading to leftovers or uneaten
food. Conversely, if the sensors fail to detect low levels, the feeder trays may be empty.
This highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and improvement in sensor
technology to ensure accurate and reliable performance.

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In summary, while the project has achieved notable success in terms of monitoring capabilities,
independent power supply, simplicity, affordability, and labor reduction, there are still
challenges related to livestock behavior and sensor reliability that need to be addressed for
optimal performance and effectiveness. Ongoing improvements and refinements in the system
can contribute to overcoming these challenges and enhancing the overall success of the project.

11.0 METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

1. Data Collection:
 Supervisor Consultation:
 Seek guidance and insights from the project supervisor to benefit from their
experience and strategies for successful project implementation.
 Farm Visits and Interviews:
 Conduct visits to poultry farms and engage in interviews with poultry farmers to
understand the challenges they face. This direct interaction will inform the project
and validate its relevance.


2. Design:
 Multiple Design Options:
 Develop various design options, considering project standards, material
availability, and practicality. Evaluate each design based on its feasibility and
potential impact.
 Collaboration with Supervisor:
 Collaborate with the supervisor during the design phase to ensure alignment with
project objectives and to incorporate their valuable input.

3. Testing:
 Pretesting in Development:
 Implement a pretesting phase during development to validate the functionality of
materials and components. This ensures that potential issues are identified and
addressed early in the process.

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 4. Suggestion and Concept Generation:
 Supervisor Collaboration:
 Collaborate with the supervisor in suggesting and generating concepts for the
project. Benefit from their expertise to explore a wide range of ideas and refine
them based on practicality and project goals.
 Personal Input:
 Contribute personal insights and suggestions, drawing from individual research
and understanding of the project requirements.

5. Online Research:
 Study Existing Projects:
 Conduct comprehensive online research to study existing projects with similar
objectives. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of these projects to learn from
their experiences and improve upon their shortcomings.

6. Integration of Feedback:
 Feedback from Stakeholders:
 Seek feedback from stakeholders, including farmers and potential end-users, at
various stages of the project. Integrate their insights to enhance the project's
effectiveness and address specific needs.

7. Continuous Improvement:
 Iterative Development:
 Adopt an iterative development approach, allowing for continuous improvement
and refinement based on feedback, testing results, and evolving project
requirements.
 Adaptation to Challenges:
 Be prepared to adapt the project plan and design based on challenges encountered
during implementation. Flexibility is key to overcoming unexpected hurdles.

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 8. Documentation:
 Thorough Documentation:
 Document each stage of the project, including design iterations, testing results,
and feedback. This comprehensive documentation serves as a valuable resource
for future reference and potential project extensions.
9. Quality Assurance:
 Quality Checks:
 Implement rigorous quality checks throughout the development process to ensure
that the final product meets high standards of functionality, reliability, and user
satisfaction.
Conclusion:
By following this methodology, which emphasizes collaboration, research, testing, and
continuous improvement, the project aims to address real-world challenges faced by
poultry farmers and deliver a solution that is practical, effective, and well-received by the
intended users.

12.0 WORK PLAN AND TIME FRAME OF THE PROJECT

August September October November

Project ideas
and submission

Proposal
writing and
review

Project design
and analysis

Project
prototype
testing

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 Final
presentation
and handbook
submission

13.0 THE BUDGET

ITEM QUANTITY PRICE EACH TOTAL COST

Relay switch 2 2000 4000

water pump 1 6000 6000

Arduino uno 1 20000 20000

GSM module 1 17000 17000

Water level sensor 1 15000 15000

Ultrasonic sensor 1 75000 7500

Resistors 20 300 6000

Battery 1 3000 3000

Connecting wires 6 meters 500 3000

breadboard 1 2500 2500

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 DC motor 1 5000 5000

K 86, 000

14.0 CONCEPT GENERATION

14.1 Concept One: Automatic Poultry Feeder System Using Arduino Uno Microcontroller

Overview:

The proposed automatic poultry feeder system integrates Arduino Uno as a

microcontroller, programmed to manage various aspects of the system, focusing
on feed and water level control. Key components include water level and
ultrasonic sensors, a DC motor, water pump, GSM module, and an LCD display.

System Operation:

1. Sensor Inputs:

 Water level and ultrasonic sensors are connected to the Arduino Uno to detect
water and feed levels in the poultry system.

2. Microcontroller Logic:

 The Arduino Uno processes signals from sensors, determining the required
amount of feed and water based on predefined specifications.

3. Actuators:

 Upon receiving signals, the microcontroller activates the DC motor and water
pump to refill feed and water levels to the specified amount.

4. Communication Module:

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  The system incorporates a GSM module that communicates with the Arduino
Uno. When an operation is completed, the Arduino signals the GSM module to
send an SMS notification to a designated mobile number.

5. Display Interface:

 An LCD display is used to showcase real-time information about feed and water
concentration levels, ensuring transparency and ease of monitoring.

6. Power Supply:

 The system operates efficiently with a 5V-12V power supply, ensuring energy
efficiency and compatibility with common power sources.

Advantages:

1. Simple Interface:

 The system features a straightforward interface with easily understandable

components, facilitating user-friendly interactions.

2. Cost-Effective:

 With a focus on simplicity, the production cost of the system is reduced, making it
an economical solution for poultry farmers.

3. Reliability with GSM:

 The use of a GSM module enhances reliability, as it ensures communication and

notifications even in areas with limited internet connectivity.

4. User-Friendly:

 The system's operations are designed to be uncomplicated, making it accessible

for users without extensive technical knowledge.

5. Energy Efficiency:

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  By operating on a 5V-12V power supply, the system promotes energy efficiency,
minimizing power consumption.

6. Multi-Process Control:

 The system is capable of managing and controlling multiple processes

simultaneously, providing comprehensive automation for poultry farms.

Disadvantages:

1. Technical Competence Required:

 Building the circuit system may require technical competence, potentially posing
a challenge for individuals with limited experience.

2. Memory Limitations:

 The system has limitations in terms of memory, which may impact its ability to
handle extensive data or complex operations.

3. Cost of Materials:

 Some components used in the system might be relatively expensive, potentially

influencing the overall cost of implementation.

In conclusion, the proposed automatic poultry feeder system offers a reliable and
cost-effective solution for poultry farmers, leveraging Arduino Uno's capabilities
and GSM communication for enhanced efficiency and ease of use. Consideration
should be given to technical expertise during implementation and the cost of
certain materials.

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

LCD

SENSORS

MICROCONTROLLER

ARDUINO UNO

GSM MODULE

DC MOTOR

WATER PUMP

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 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

14.2 CONCEPT TWO

AUTOMATIC POULTRY FEED AND WATER DISPENSNG SYSTEM USING FUZZY
LOGIC CONTROL TECHNIQUE

The intelligence feed dispensing system was designed through consideration from hardware and
software point of views/units. These units are divided into sub- units that are co- dependent on
each other. These units comprises of the hardware unit feeding trough, sensors and sensor
interface circuits, the power supply unit, buzzer and displaying unit) and the software units
( design of fuzzy logic engine and development equivalent C language). The overall block
diagram of the system is shown below.

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 DRINKING TROUGH STEPPER MOTOR

FEEDING TROUGH DC WATER PUMP

MICROCONTROLLER LCD

FUZZY ENGINE
SENSOR BUZZER

The microcontroller: the unit was designed around PIC16F877 microcontroller to control feed
and water dispensing. The chip monitors selected inputs include digital signal button switches
and analogue voltage inputs corresponding to the water and feed level displacements. The chip
responds to these inputs in real time with the use programmed instructions executed by in- built
processor based on fuzzy rules.

Motor: the stepper motor is interfaced by the interfacing circuit order to communicate with the
microcontroller and the fuzzy logic engine. DC water pump operate according to the programs
developed with the aid of fuzzy rules.

Buzzer: produces different alarm whenever water and feed level reduces and increase

Sensor: it detects water and feed level concentration and sends the signals to the microcontroller

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

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Advantages of the system

 High computation performance

 High endurance
 Supports memory

Disadvantages of the system

 Requires more expertise to operate

 Higher cost
 Complex in installation of libraries and software sensors

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14.3 CONCEPT THREE
Automatic Poultry Feeder System Using IoT Controlled by Smartphone

System Overview:

The IoT-based automatic poultry feeder system integrates various components to enable remote
control and monitoring via a smartphone. The design comprises a power supply, control unit,
motor, and sensor. The system is connected to the Blynk application on a smartphone, providing
users with the ability to control the feeder, set operating times, and monitor feeding cycles.

Components:

1. Power Supply:

 Converts alternating current to direct current to power the microcontroller, Wi-Fi

signal module, and motor control unit.

2. Control Unit:

 Houses the microcontroller responsible for processing signals and managing the
overall operation of the feeder system.

3. Motor Control Unit:

 Governs the motor's on/off state based on signals received from the
microcontroller. Controls the rotation of the spiral feeding mechanism.

4. Wi-Fi Signal Module:

 Enables communication with the Blynk application on the smartphone, allowing

for remote control and monitoring over the internet.

5. Blynk Application:

 A smartphone application used as an interface to control the feeder. It acts as an

on/off switch for the motor and allows users to set feeding times.

6. Motor:

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  The motor is responsible for driving the spiral mechanism that dispenses chicken
feed into the feeding tray.

7. Sensor:

 Monitors the food levels in the feeding tray. When a predefined amount is
detected, it sends a signal to the microcontroller to stop the motor, preventing
overfeeding.

Operational Sequence:

1. Smartphone Control:

 Users control the feeder through the Blynk application on their smartphones. The
application serves as an on/off switch and allows users to set feeding times.

2. Motor Activation:

 When prompted by the Blynk application, the microcontroller activates the motor,
initiating the feeding cycle.

3. Feeding Cycles:

 The feeding is scheduled into two cycles, morning and afternoon. The motor
drives the spiral, dispensing the chicken feed into the tray during these cycles.

4. Sensor Feedback:

 The sensor continuously monitors the food level in the tray. When a specified
amount is reached, it sends a signal to the microcontroller.

5. Motor Deactivation:

 Upon receiving the signal from the sensor, the microcontroller deactivates the
motor, preventing excess feeding.

Advantages:

1. Remote Monitoring:

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  Users can remotely control and monitor the poultry feeder system through the
Blynk application, providing convenience and flexibility.

2. Customizable Feeding Times:

 The Blynk application allows users to set specific feeding times, accommodating
various schedules and preferences.

3. Prevents Overfeeding:

 The integrated sensor ensures that the feeding process stops when the food tray
reaches a predetermined level, preventing wastage and overfeeding.

4. Efficient Power Usage:

 The system is designed to be energy-efficient, with the motor operating only

during scheduled feeding times.

Considerations:

1. Internet Connectivity:

 Reliable internet connectivity is essential for seamless communication between

the Blynk application and the feeder system.

2. Power Backup:

 Consider implementing a power backup system to ensure continued operation in

case of power outages.

3. Security Measures:

 Implement security measures in the IoT system to protect against unauthorized

acceass and potential risks associated with remote control.

In conclusion, the IoT-based automatic poultry feeder system provides a sophisticated and
convenient solution for poultry feeding, allowing users to control and monitor the process

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remotely via their smartphones. The integration of the Blynk application and sensor ensures
efficient and controlled feeding cycles.

USER BLYNK APPLICATION

POWER SOURCE 220V

MICROCONTROLLER AND WI FI MODULES

SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY

MOTOR CIRCUIT DRIVE

DC MOTOR

CHICKEN FEEDER PAN AND

SENSOR

Structure above shows the design of an automatic chicken feeder controlled by via smart
phone.

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 The figure above shows the operation of the automatic chicken feeder
controlled by smart phone.

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14.4 CONCEPT FOUR

AUTOMATIC POULTRY FEEDER SYSTEM USING 555 TIMER

Water Level Monitoring System with 555 Timer IC

Design Overview:

The water level monitoring system employs a 555 timer IC to control its operation. The primary
function is to detect water levels and provide feedback to the operator, signaling when the water
has reached the desired level or fallen below the minimum threshold.

Components Used:

1. 555 Timer IC:

 Serves as the core component, functioning in astable mode to generate oscillations

that drive the system's timing and triggering.

2. Resistors:

 Included in the circuit to control the flow of current and set the timing parameters
of the 555 timer IC.

3. Buzzer:

 Acts as the audible indicator, producing a sound when triggered by the 555 timer
IC to signal the water level status.

4. Capacitors:

 Essential for stabilizing the timing circuit and determining the frequency of the
555 timer IC's oscillations.

5. Breadboard:

 Provides a platform for the assembly of the circuit, allowing for easy
configuration and modification.

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 6. Connecting Wires:

 Establish the connections between the components, ensuring a functional and

coherent circuit layout.

7. Battery with Snap Connector:

 Supplies the necessary power to the circuit, enabling its independent operation.

Circuit Operation:

1. 555 Timer IC Configuration:

 The 555 timer IC is configured in a stable mode, generating continuous square

wave oscillations.

2. Water Level Detection:

 Sensors or probes in the water are connected to the 555 timer IC. As the water
level changes, it influences the conductivity between the probes, altering the
timing of the 555 timer.

3. Timing and Triggering:

 The resistors and capacitors in the circuit set the timing parameters for the 555
timer IC. Changes in water level impact the timing, modulating the frequency of
the square wave.

4. Buzzer Activation:

 When the water reaches the desired level or falls below the minimum threshold,
the 555 timer IC triggers the buzzer to produce an audible signal.

Advantages:

1. Simplicity:

 The use of a 555 timer IC simplifies the circuit design, making it accessible for
users with basic electronics knowledge.

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 2. Cost-Effective:

 Components like resistors, capacitors, and a 555 timer IC are commonly available
and cost-effective.

3. Audible Feedback:

 The inclusion of a buzzer provides immediate audible feedback, ensuring

operators are promptly alerted to water level changes.

4. Independent Operation:

 Powered by a battery with a snap connector, the system can operate

independently, reducing reliance on external power sources.

Considerations:

1. Calibration:

 Proper calibration of the circuit is crucial to ensure accurate water level detection
and reliable triggering of the buzzer.

2. Maintenance:

 Regular checks and maintenance are necessary to keep the probes or sensors clean
and in good working condition.

3. Power Efficiency:

 Optimize the circuit for power efficiency, especially if the system is intended for
prolonged use.

In conclusion, the water level monitoring system utilizing a 555 timer IC offers a simple and
cost-effective solution for detecting water levels, providing immediate audible feedback to
operators. Proper calibration and maintenance are essential for the reliable performance of the
system

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 The figure below show circuit diagram

Whenever the water level crosses the required level, it will shot both wires leading it to trigger a
buzzer, letting the user to know that water has crossed the desired level, this will lead the
operator to take necessary action immediately.

15.0 EVALUATION
The table below show the matrix and comparison of the four concepts in order to come up with
the best.

CRITERIA USING USING FUZZY USING IoT USING 555

ARDUINO LOGIC ( internet of TIMER
UNO CONTROL Thing ) WITH
SMARTPHONE

Cost 1 0 0 1

Operation 1 1 1 0

Maintenance 1 0 0 1

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 Reliability 1 1 1 0

Efficiency 1 1 1 0

Speed 0 1 1 1

Coverage 0 0 0 0

Ease of 1 0 0 1
assembling

Ease of use 0 0 0 1

SCORE 6 4 4 5

Concept evaluation shows that concept one is the best out of other concepts
since it has scored high and it is the one that is selected to be

16.0 PROJECT PROGRESSION

The world is advancing each and every day with so many technologies and systems that are
making life humanly easy to live. With most of these advancements being electronic based,
further research is being done on already made electronic technology and innovation of new
electronic technology is also happening. In the working world, the poultry farm is one of the
major small-scale businesses that are owned by many farmers. In the poultry, different types of
poultry feeds are used to feed the birds. In many poultry farms, the conventional method of
filling feeder trays and water trough is operated manually. The problem encountered by this
method is that it needs continuous supervision to be monitoring food and water levels in the
troughs.
The sufficient amount of the food provided also cannot be determined clearly. There is waste and
non-economical. Farmers face difficulties to manage their business effectively because they need
to be round to be monitoring. In order to eliminate these challenges faced by farmers an
automatic poultry feeder is developed to control and monitor water, and feed levels

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automatically. To develop an automatic poultry feeder that would control both water and feed
levels automatically, several materials would be required for example; Arduino Uno
microcontroller, water sensor, ultrasonic sensor, water pump, dc motor, jumpers, breadboard,
connecting wires just to mention a few.
With these right resources and funds available, the project is estimated to take about three to four
months to complete or above that according to the availability of resources and funds. To
conduct this project, funds amounting to MK86, 000 would be required to complete it.
PROJECT COVERAGE (WHAT HAS BEEN COVERED) Almost halfway down of the project
has been covered up and its working perfectly so far according to the predicted project
timeframe, that is from writing the project proposal, acquiring circuit components for the project
and starting assembling the circuit and giving program the circuit to operate. Below are images
showing the project progress in visual.

• As of now the other operation of the project its working, its able to monitor and control
water level automatically

• It’s able to display water levels on the LCD

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Figure 1 showing adapter circuit assembled on a breadboard before being tested and remodified

Below are figures of the casing of the adapter being assembled

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

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Figure 4.

Remaining Part to be Covered/Concluded:

1. Feed Level Sensing:

 Program the circuit to enable the second ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance
between feeds and send signals to the microcontroller.

 Implement code to operate the DC motor based on feed level measurements,

ensuring effective control of feed levels in the feeder trays.

2. GSM Module Integration:

 Develop the program for the GSM module to notify the farmer via SMS when
water or feed levels fall below the minimum threshold level.

Challenges Faced:

1. Component Availability:

 The unavailability of the water sensor led to the replacement with an ultrasonic
sensor, creating complications due to the presence of two ultrasonic sensors.

2. Programming Difficulties:

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  Challenges in designing the project arose from difficulties in developing program
codes for certain operations, hindering successful implementation.

Possible Solutions:

1. Adaptation to Ultrasonic Sensors:

 Given the unavailability of the water sensor, the decision to replace it with an
ultrasonic sensor was a practical solution.

 Ensure compatibility and minimize interference between the two ultrasonic

sensors by setting distinct frequencies or employing mechanisms for
differentiation.

2. Programming Challenges:

 Break down programming tasks into smaller, manageable segments, focusing on

one aspect at a time.

 Seek assistance from online resources, forums, or experienced programmers to

overcome specific coding challenges.

 Enhance code readability by adding comments and organizing the code structure
for easier troubleshooting.

General Advice:

 Iterative Development:

 Test and iterate on smaller sections of code before combining them to identify and
resolve issues more efficiently.

 Collaboration:

 Collaborated with peers, seek feedback, and considering mentorship to gain

insights and overcome challenges.

 Documentation:

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  Maintain thorough documentation of the code, including comments, for future
reference and troubleshooting.

Future Considerations:

 Component Stock:

 Stay informed about component availability and consider alternative components

to mitigate potential issues.

 Programming Skills Development:

 Dedicate time to enhancing programming skills, particularly in microcontroller

programming, for smoother project implementations.

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 17.0 PROGRAMMING CODES INCLUDED IN MY PROJECT
In order to come up with the whole system operation some of the programming codes were
included in order to control the circuit operations. Here are some of codes below;

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18.0 REFERENCEE
 https://www.hackster.io/martinius96/water-level-monitor-arduino-esp8266-esp32-
sigfox-d35baf
 https://www.hackatronic.com/water-level-indicator-and-pump-controller-using-
arduino/
 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8463953
 https://electronicsworkshops.com/2020/10/16/smart-poultry-farm/

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