GE1 Module-1

U N D E R STA N D I N G T H E S E L F
Prepared By:
Mona Riza P. Mendez

MODULE 1
U N D E R S TA N D I N G T H E S E L F
IN
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
Explain the role of philosophy in
1 understanding the self.
LEARNING 2
Discuss the different concepts of the
self from the philosophical perspective.
OUTCOMES
Differentiate the various concepts
3 of the self and identify their similarities.
4 Develop your own philosophy of the self.

A c t i v i t y
Recall an experience from your childhood where you were
eager to know about something.
CLASS SHARING
Etymology:
Philo = loving
Sophia - knowledge/wisdom
Pythagoras = first used the term philosophy
Definition:
The term as originally used by the Greeks
meant “the pursuit of knowledge for its own
sake” .
It is a set of ideals, standards or beliefs used to

describe behavior and thought.
(Western Philosophy, Eastern Philosophy...)
SOCRATES “A person can have a meaningful and happy life only if he becomes
virtuous and knows the value of himself that can be achieved through
constant soul-searching.”
“The unexamined
life is not worth
living” Socrates believed that
you as a person, should
Socrates was the first thinker consciously contemplate,
to focus on the full power of turn your gaze inward,
reason on the human self: and analyze the true
who we are, who we should nature and values that are
be, and who we will become. guiding your life.
Every man is dualistic;

composed of body and
soul
“isip isip din kapag may time”

PLATO
“Soul is the most SOUL has 3 parts:
divine aspect of
human being” The appetitive (sensual)
The rational (reasoning)

Plato believes that genuine
happiness can only be
achieved by people who The spiritive (feeling)
consistently make sure that
their Reason is in control of
their Spirits and Appetites.
“Kung hindi ka manhid, tao ka! Kumpleto ka!”

ARISTOTLE
Student of Plato The three kinds of soul.
a. Vegetative
“the soul is the essence of the self” – includes the physical body
that can grow.
b. Sentient
“the rational nature of the self – includes the sensual
is to lead a good, flourishing, desires, feelings, and
and fulfilling life. emotions.
• Without the body the soul c. Rational
cannot exist. The soul dies – is what makes man human. It
along with the body. includes the intellect that makes
• Aristotle suggested that man know and understand
anything with life has soul.” things.
“Yolo! Live a good life”

St. Augustine
“I am doubting, Therefore I am”
Augustine described that
humankind is created in the
Man is of a bifurcated nature image and likeness of God.
(meaning man is divided into
two parts)
Part of man dwells in the “knowledge can only come by
world, and yearns to be with seeing the truth that dwells
the Divine (body) within us”
The other part is capable of
reaching immortality. (soul)
“Wag kang mag-alala, lahat tayo ay imortal sa kabilang buhay!”

Thomas Aquinas
• Man is composed We don't encounter ourselves
of two parts: as isolated minds or selves,
• Matter(hyle) - but rather always as agents
common stuff that interacting with our
makes up environment. Aquinas begins
everything in the his theory of self-knowledge
universe from the claim that all our self-
• Form(morphe) – knowledge is dependent on
essence of a our experience of the world
substance or thing around us.
RENE DESCARTES John Locke David Hume
‘Tabula rasa” “There is no Self”
“COGITO ERGO SUM”
Father of modern Philosophy The self is consciousness The idea of personal identity
is a result of imagination
“There is so much that we should doubt”
He felt that the self is constructed
primarily from sense experiences
IMMANUEL KANT Gilbert Ryle Maurice Merleau - Ponty
“We construct the self” “The self is the way people behaved” “The Self is embodied subjectivity”
“I act, therefore I am”

“Self is not just what gives one his All knowledge of our selves and
personality but also the seat of Self is not an entity one can locate and our world is based on subjective
knowledge acquisition for all human analyze but simply the convenient name experience
persons” that people use to refer to all the behaviors
that people make
PAUL CHURCHLAND
SIGMUND FREUD
• The self is inseparable from the brain
• Three structures of personality: and the physiology of the body
• Id – unconscious, has no contact • All we have is the brain and so, if the
with reality and is child-like in its
demands for gratification, always brain is gone, there is no self
seeking pleasure and avoiding pain • The physical brain and not the
• Ego – conscious, tasked with higher imaginary mind, gives us our sense of
mental functions such as decision- self
making, reasoning and problem • The mind does not really exist
solving
• Superego – it addresses the moral • It is the brain and not the imaginary
consideration of individual actions mind that gives us our sense of self
• The self is the brain
APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT
• In your own words, state what “self” is for each of the following
philosophers. After doing so, explain how your concept of “self” in
compatible with how they conceived of the “self”.
1. SOCRATES 5. HUME
2. PLATO 6. KANT
3. AUGUSTINE 7. RYLE
4. DESCARTES 8. MERLEAU-PONTY
References:
studocu.com
University of Rizal System
Understanding the Self, Arcillas & Espinosa 2019
THANK YOU!!

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U N D E R STA N D I N G T H E S E L F

Mona Riza P. Mendez

4 Develop your own philosophy of the self.

Pythagoras = first used the term philosophy

It is a set of ideals, standards or beliefs used to

Every man is dualistic;

“isip isip din kapag may time”

The rational (reasoning)

“Kung hindi ka manhid, tao ka! Kumpleto ka!”

“Yolo! Live a good life”

“Wag kang mag-alala, lahat tayo ay imortal sa kabilang buhay!”

“I act, therefore I am”

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