Environmental and Social Management Plan

Report On
Food Complex Processing
 Wheat Flour,
 Pasta,
 Macaroni and
 Biscuit

Promoter: Mr. Amir W/Gebre’el Belay

Submitted To: Furi Sub-City Environmental Protection Authority
Consultant: Geo Green Consultancy Training and Research Services PLC
Address: +251940404278
September: 2024
Shaggar City-Furi Sub-City, Oromia-Ethiopia

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Table Of Contents
0 . E X E C U T I V E S U M M A RY ...........................................................................................................V
1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N ...........................................................................................................................1
1.1. GENERAL 1
1.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMP 2
1.3. METHODOLOGY 2
1.3.1. Collection Of Available Information........................................................................................2
1.3.2. Field Visits.................................................................................................................................2
1.4. REPORT STRUCTURE 3
2 . E N V I R O N M E N TA L S C O P I N G .................................................................................................4
2.1. LIMITS OF THE STUDY AREA 4
2.2. VA L U E D E C O S Y S T E M C O M P O N E N T S W I T H I N T H E S T U D Y 4
3 . L E G A L A N D P O L I C Y F R A M E W O R K ...................................................................................5
3.1. E C O N O M I C D E V E L O P M E N T P O L I C I E S A N D S T R AT E G I E S 5
3.1.1. The National Economic Development Strategy.......................................................................5
3.1.2. Ethiopian Investment Strategy.................................................................................................5
3.2. E N V I R O N M E N TA L P O L I C I E S 7
3.2.1. Constitution...............................................................................................................................7
3.2.2. The Conservation Strategy Of Ethiopia (Cse).........................................................................7
3.2.3. The Environmental Policy Of Ethiopia....................................................................................8
3.2.4. Sectoral Policies And Strategies...............................................................................................9
3.2.5. Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy....................................................................9
3.2.6. Legislative Instruments And Proclamations..........................................................................10
3.2.7. Regulations Pertaining To The Standards.............................................................................13
3.2.8. Relevant International Conventions:.....................................................................................15
3.3. I N S T I T U T I O N A L A N D A D M I N I S T R AT I V E F R A M E W O R K 16
3.3.1. Constitution Of The Federal Democratic Republic Of Ethiopia:.........................................16
3.3.2. The Federal Environmental Protection Authority (Fepa):...................................................16
3.3.3. Regional Environment Protection Authority.........................................................................16
3.3.4. The Federal And Regional Investment Agencies:.................................................................16
3.3.5. City Administrations:..............................................................................................................17
4 . P R O J E C T D E S C R I P T I O N S ....................................................................................................1 7
4.1. B A C K G R O U N D TO T H E P R O J E C T 1 7
4.2. PROJECT GOAL 18
4.3. L O C AT I O N 1 8
4.4. P R O J E C T O B J E C T I V E A N D J U S T I F I C AT I O N 1 8
4.4.1. Project Objectives....................................................................................................................18
4.4.2. Project Justification................................................................................................................18
4.5. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT 19
4.6. PRODUCTION PROCESS AND FLOW 19
4.7. E X P E C T E D P R O D U C T I O N C A PA C I T Y 20
5 . B A S E L I N E I N F O R M AT I O N O F T H E P R O J E C T ..........................................................2 1
5.1. D E S C R I P T I O N S O F B A S E L I N E E N V I R O N M E N TA L C O N D I T I O N S ...........2 1

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 5.1.1. GENERAL: THE STUDY AREA 21
5.2. Physical Environment.............................................................................................................21
5.2.1. Topography..............................................................................................................................21
5.2.2. Drainage Pattern.....................................................................................................................21
5.2.3. Climate.....................................................................................................................................21
5.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 22
5.3.1. Population And Settlement Pattern........................................................................................22
5.3.2. Social Livelihood.....................................................................................................................22
5.4. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 22
5.5. H I S TO R I C A L , C U LT U R A L , R E L I G I O U S A N D A R C H E O L O G I C A L
RESOURCES 22
6 . E N V I R O N M E N TA L I M PA C T S I D E N T I F I C AT I O N , A N A LY S I S AND
P R O P O S E D M I T I G AT I O N M E A S U R E S ....................................................................................2 3
6.1. B E N E F I C I A L I M PA C T S 2 3
6.1.1. Employment Creations............................................................................................................23
6.1.2. Investment...............................................................................................................................24
6.1.3. Social Benefits.........................................................................................................................24
Local Income Generation And Livelihood Improvement..................................................................24
6.1.4. Gender Equity And Employment Opportunities....................................................................25
6.1.5. Rural And Urban Development..............................................................................................25
6.2. P O T E N T I A L A D V E R S E I M PA C T S A N D P R O P O S E D M I T I G AT I O N
MEASURES 26
6.2.1. O P E R AT I O N A L P H A S E A D V E R S E I M PA C T S I D E N T I F I C AT I O N 2 6
6.2.3. Cause And Effect Analysis.....................................................................................................27
6.2.4. Raw Materials Use Caused Adverse Impacts.........................................................................28
6.2.5. Employees’ Health Hazard.....................................................................................................28
6.3.3. Soil And Groundwater Pollution............................................................................................28
6.3.4. Economic Development Induced Adverse Impacts................................................................29
7 . A N A LY S I S O F A LT E R N AT I V E S O V E RV I E W ................................................................2 9
8 . E N V I R O N M E N TA L A N D S O C I A L M A N A G E M E N T P L A N .......................................3 0
8.1.1. Health And Risk Management...............................................................................................30
8.2. O P E R AT I O N P H A S E E N V I R O N M E N TA L M A N A G E M E N T P L A N 30
9 . E N V I R O N M E N TA L M O N I TO R I N G P R O G R A M ............................................................3 7
9.1. G R E E N B E LT D E V E L O P M E N T 38
9.2. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT UNIT 38
9.3. E N V I R O N M E N TA L L I A I S O N O F F I C E R ( E L O ) 3 8
9.4. S I T E S A F E T Y A N D E N V I R O N M E N TA L M A N A G E R ( S S E M ) 3 9
9.5. E N V I R O N M E N TA L M A N A G E M E N T A C T I V I T I E S 39
9.5.1. Wastes Management...............................................................................................................39
9.5.2. Waste Minimization Guidelines..............................................................................................40
9.5.3. Waste Handling Guidelines....................................................................................................40
9.5.4. Waste Segregation Guidelines................................................................................................40
9.5.5. Waste Disposal Guidelines......................................................................................................40
9.5.6. Monitoring...............................................................................................................................40
9.5.7. Capacity Building And Training............................................................................................42
9.5.8. Reporting.................................................................................................................................42
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 9.5.9. Environmental Audit...............................................................................................................42
9.5.10. Environment Labeling And Life Cycle Assessment...............................................................43
9.5.11. Food Complex Company’s Statement On The Project..........................................................44
10. C O N C L U S I O N S A N D R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S .........................................................4 5
10.1. CONCLUSIONS 45
10.2. R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S 4 5
9 . . R e f e r e n c e s ....................................................................................................................................4 6

0. Executive Summary
The Amir W/Gebre’el Belay is a private limited company established under Ethiopian law to process and
produces all babies and adult foods of different types and enriched foods to supply local and foreign
markets of neighboring countries. The Plant factory will be located in Oromia regional state, in Shaggar
City-Furi Sub-city main road. The factory was installed on a total area of 0.5hectare of lands.

The company will purchase quality wheat flour, sugar, bicarbonate, shorting, flavor of different types,
salt, liquid glucose, skimmed milk powder, starch powder, cola powder etc for all babies, adult foods and
enriched foods etc making from local farmers, state farms and foreign sources to process into foods that
will be supplied to local and international markets. The project will be established in a condition of
stabilizing local markets and contributing to ensure sustainable development, delivering significantly
valuable products which are economically, socially and environmentally important. The company is
aiming to generate products which will have no adverse or zero impacts on the environment. It will
contribute to the delivery of Ethiopia’s Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program by
creating employment opportunity and generating revenues whilst supporting social development.

The Amir W/Gebre’el Belay foods Complex Processing Plant is managed by committed proponents with
over several years of experiences in the establishment and management of various business enterprises in
Ethiopia.

The wheat purchased from local farmers and merchants and is transported to the processing plant. The
process of Foods processing can be described as follows:
The purpose of assessment is to identify sensitive environmental components likely to be affected by the
project and evaluate the potential impacts associated with project implementation and subsequent
operation, and prepare plans and recommendations regarding measures that will minimize adverse
impacts and enhance beneficial impacts. The environmental and social impact assessment of the
integrated assembling project was made in conformity with the requirements of Ethiopian Environmental
Impact Assessment Proclamation No.299/2002, Oromia national Regional government EIA Proclamation
No.176/2012 as well as international environmental standards and guidelines where national guidelines
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are not available. Environmental and relevant laws, policies and standards were considered for the dual
purposes of identifying potential project constraints, and establishing background for realistic, sensitive
recommendations.

Environmental management plan will be ensured by employing proper monitoring program. This project
shall allocate necessary budget to cover various environmental mitigation measures and monitoring
costs. The factory has a device to monitor all environmental issues including water treatment process if
any drop of waste water is there with continuous monitoring exercise on hourly basis. To properly
manage environmental impacts and resolve adverse significant impacts of the proposed project, the
factory will develop comprehensive solid waste management plans and work on mitigation measures so
that recommended mitigation measures are implemented and remained effective.

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 1. Introduction
1.1. General
The Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex is a registered company in Ethiopia to produce quality all
babies and adult foods and enriched products.

This environmental and Social Management Plan study was conducted according to legal requirements of
the EIA proclamation of the government of the Federal Democratic Republic, proclamation No.299/2002.
This report is submitted to the Oromia National Regional State, Land and Environmental Protection
Bureau according to the requirement of the proclamation.

The purpose of the ESMP study is to identify and analyze the magnitude of environmental impacts and
mitigates those areas where significant environmental effects are likely to arise from the various activities
and requirements of the project, during pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the Foods
products processing project.

Various EIA tools for identification, prediction and analysis of impacts were used. Proper public
consultations were also held and the comments of the public consultation are included in the report.
Significant analysis on environmental impacts that could occur due to the project has been made.
Environmentally sound impact mitigation and management options were also suggested.

The environmental management practice of the company is crucial for the continued access to World
Market and also to substitute import. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) guideline (EPA,
2003) prepared by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) requires development projects reduce
adverse effects on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment.

To this effect, company has hired a consultant to undertake ESMP Study for the Foods processing plant
project. Significant environmental impacts arise from the Foods processing plant project. Pollutants and
pollution load of the Foods processing plant are originating from, solid wastes, dust, decomposition,
occupational damage and environmental impacts occurring during pre-construction, construction and
operational phases.

In response to the requirements of the ESMP study, the consulting firm carried out this Environmental
Impact Assessment for the project under consideration. This report represents the findings of the ESMP
carried out as an integral part of this assignment.

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 1.2. Objectives of the ESMP
The fundamental objective of the ESMP is to ensure that the proposed Foods processing Plant project is
environmentally sound and contributes to the development of environmental assets. It is also expected to
provide a means whereby the overall environmental performance of this project can be enhanced through:

 Identification of sensitive environmental components likely to be affected by the proposed Foods

plant processing and production project,

 Identification and evaluation of the potential impacts associated with project implementation and
subsequent operation, and

 Preparation of plans and recommendations regarding measures that will minimize adverse impacts and
enhance beneficial impacts.

1.3. Methodology

The methodology used follows the conventional pattern for Foods processing plant project where the EIA
study meets the requirements of EPA’s Environmental Impact Assessment guideline through collection of
necessary data and documents, desktop study, impact analysis, choosing mitigation and enhancement
measures using different optimization tools, and developing environmental protection, monitoring and
management plans.

1 . 3 . 1 . C o l l e c t i o n o f Av a i l a b l e I n f o r m a t i o n
The consulting firm collected and reviewed published national policies, legislatives, regulations and
guidelines as well as international conventions and protocols ratified by the Federal Democratic Republic
of Ethiopia (FDRE), Central Statistical Authority (CSA) Census Reports and Documents. The existing
Environmental data were also gathered from the feasibility study of the project such as hydrology,
topographic map, and socio-economic data.

Data collection on site was done using different tools and techniques including the preparation of check
lists and matrices appropriate for this project.

1 . 3 . 2 . F i e l d Vi s i t s
Site visit was made to assess the baseline environmental conditions of the proposed Foods project
processing and production, to identify sensitive environmental components that are likely to be

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significantly affected by the proposed project. During the field investigation, information on physical and
biological resources, socio-economic as well as socio-cultural profile data has been collected.
1.4. Report Structure
The main body of the EIA report is structured under 10 chapters: chapter 1 deals with Introduction.
Chapter2 discusses about the initial environmental examination and scoping report. Chapter3 reviews the
policy, legal and institutional frameworks that are relevant to the project under consideration. This is
followed by the description of the project, which is presented under Chapter 4. The description of the
existing environment is covered under Chapter 5. This chapter deals with the physical, biological, socio-
economic and cultural environment. Chapter 6 is the chapter that deals with the impact assessment and
proposing measures for mitigating/enhancing impacts. Under this chapter, the potential positive and
negative impacts as well as their enhancement or mitigation measures are covered. Chapter 7 of the report
presents, the analysis of project alternatives from the environmental impact perspectives. Chapter 8
discusses the study team’s proposed Environmental Management Plan for the implementation of the
mitigation measures. Chapter 9 is the environmental management program and monitoring plan for the
proposed environmental management of the proposed project. In the last chapter; Chapter10 of the report,
the major conclusions and recommendations are highlighted under the conclusion and recommendation
section.

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 2. Environmental Scoping

In the aim of deciding upon the limits of the study area for the project and drawing the list of activities
and impacts to be studied during the assessment, the consulting firm carried out an initial environmental
examination and scoping.

The scoping exercise has been carried out with the following main objectives:
 To define the limits of the study area
 To define list of Valued Ecosystem Components within the study area
 To define list of activities, type and magnitude of the proposed project
 To define list of Impacts to be studied.

In order to carry out the above tasks, the firm employed different tools and techniques relevant to the
proposed project. Use of environmental scoping checklists and consultation of different stakeholders
(including experts, project affected peoples, local administrators and people, etc).

2.1. Limits of the Study Area

The ESMP study is conducted for those areas that would be influenced by the impact of the Foods
Processing Plant Project implementation. The project site, the land adjacent to the project site and the
neighboring environment are the most impacted areas either directly or indirectly by the project
implementation. The socio-economic and environmental impacts can, however, be felt beyond those
limits.
2.2. Valued Ecosystem Components within the Study
The Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex processing plant project totally located on and delineated for
investment in the town. The all babies and adult foods processing plant site is bordered by future
industrial establishment sites in all directions.

Primarily, farmlands are the natural ecosystem to be impacted by the project as it is very much closer to
the project site. Secondly, there is landscape form in the project site, which is impacted. Soils and
employees are other key elements influenced by the plant establishment and its processing and production
of the Foods Plant.

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 3. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
General Overview
This section covers the policy, legislative and institutional issues that are most relevant to manufacturing
projects in food complex in particular. The first part looks at the National Economic Development policy
and strategies and sectoral policies and strategies related to the project. The second section focuses on
existing environmental policies and strategies at the national and regional/sectoral levels including the
Ethiopian Growth and Transformation Plan. Finally, the third part presents the existing institutional frame
work for Environmental Protection and Management.
3.1. Economic Development Policies and Strategies
3.1.1. The National Economic Development Strategy

The guiding strategy under the National Economic Development is known as the ‘Agricultural
Development led-Industrialization’ (ADLI). This strategy further developed into sectoral strategies that
include Agriculture, Industry, Mining, Population growth, technological progress, Economic and Social
infrastructure, etc. The following can be identified as the core elements of the agro-industrial
development strategy component of ADLI (MoPED, 1993).

o The promotion of labor-intensive technologies and utilization of domestic raw materials;

o Determination of the composition of industrial output based on the needs and income
levels of the population; and
o Government intervention to motivate the choice of labor-intensive technology that makes
extensive use of domestic raw materials.

ADLI has provided that the basis for the development of the other national and sectoral policies and
strategies that have direct relevance to the development of export-oriented agriculture and its products in
the country.

3.1.2. Ethiopian Investment Strategy

There had been a number of investment proclamation and regulations issued by government as the
country started to move away from ‘centralized economy’ to ‘free market economy’ (since 1992). These
policy issues influence the project in different aspects.

Above all; the following two documents that constitute the building blocks of the current Ethiopian
investment strategy, directly affect investment in the country in general.
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 o Proclamation No.37/1996: Investment proclamation of the federal Democratic Republic
of Ethiopia; and

o Regulation No. 7/1996: Council of Ministers regulations to provide for investment

Incentives.

According to the Investment Proclamation No.37/1996, the objective of the investment policy of the
federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) are designed to improve the living standard of the
peoples of Ethiopia through the realization of sustainable economic and social development. Article 13 of
the proclamation specifies the required information for submitting an application for investment permit.
The first sub-article under article 14, prescribes the procedure for issuance of investment permit, states the
following: Upon receiving an application for investment permit made in full compliance with the
provisions of Article 13 of this proclamation, and after ascertaining within 10 days that the included
investment activity would not be contravening the operational laws of the country and that, in particular,
it complies with conditions stipulated in environmental protection laws, the appropriate investment organ
shall issue an investment permit to the applicant.

The Council of Ministers regulation No.7/1996 provides the terms and conditions under which investment
incentives is provided for investors. The investment incentive is divided into the following two
categories: exemption from income tax and exemption from customs duty on imported food items. The
exemption from income tax is based on the following two criteria. The first criterion is the class of the
investment as pioneer investment, promoted investment, or expansion and upgrading of existing
investment. The second criterion is the location of the investment with respect to its potential contribution
to equitable distribution of regional development.

In 1998, the government of FDRE issued the following proclamation and regulations with the objective of
amending the investment proclamation and regulation issued in 1996.

o Regulation No. 116/1998: A proclamation to amend the investment proclamation;

o Proclamation No. 35/1998: Council of Ministers Regulations on Investment Areas Reserved
for Domestic Investors.
o Regulation No. 36/1998: Council of Ministers Regulations to Amend the Investment
Incentives Regulations.

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3.2. Environmental Policies
3.2.1. Constitution

The constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia provides the overriding principles and
legal for all legislative frame-works in the country. The concept of sustainable development and the
environmental rights of the people are enshrined in the constitution by the following articles that stipulate
the rights of peoples in country.

Article 43: The Rights of Development

1. The Peoples of Ethiopia as a whole, and each Nation, Nationality and People in Ethiopia in particular
have the right to improved living standards and to sustainable development;

2. Nationals have the right to participate in national development and, in particular, to be consulted
with respect to policies and projects affecting their community;

3. All international agreements and relations concluded, established or conducted by the State shall
protect and ensure Ethiopia’s right to sustainable development; and

4. The basic aim of development activities shall be to enhance the capacity of citizens for development
and to meet their basis needs.

Article 44 - Environmental Rights

1. All persons have the right to live in a clean and healthy environment.

2. All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of
State programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation,
including relocation with adequate State assistance.

These constitutional provisions have served as the guiding principle of all activates that are related to
policy formulation, strategy development and the formulation of legislative and institutional framework
for environmental protection.

3.2.2. The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)

The CSE, approved by the Council of Ministers in 1996, provides a comprehensive and rational approach
to environmental management in a very broad sense, covering national and regional strategies, sectoral

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and cross sectoral policies, action plans and programs as well as providing the basis for development of
appropriate institutional and legal frameworks for the implementation (EPA/Ministry of Economic
Development and Co-operation 1996, MoEDAC). It also deals with providing a strategic framework for
integrating environmental planning into a new and existing policies and projects.

It mainly recognizes the importance of incorporating environmental factors into development activities
from the beginning so that planners may take into account environmental protection as an essential
component of economic, social and cultural development.

3.2.3. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

The major policy framework document with respect to environmental management of Ethiopia is the
Environmental Policy (EPE) of the FDRE approved by the Council of Ministers in April 1997. The Policy
was prepared under the joint-effort of the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) and the
Environmental Planning Unit (EPU) of the then Ministry of Economic Development and Co-operation
(MoEDC).

The policy contains elements that imply the importance of main streaming socio-ecologic aspects in
development programs. More specifically, there are two cross-sectoral policies components with a
mainstreaming effect in the EPE. Article 4.6 of EPE covers different aspects of the importance of
incorporating environmental costs and benefits in the development planning process. Under this Article,
the initiation of a pilot project on the application of Environmental Accounting in Ethiopia was identified
as one of the policy directions. Furthermore, Article 4.6 states (EPA 1997, 21):

To explicitly consider in 5-, 10-, and 100- years’ time perspective the economic costs & benefits to the
environment in the planning of all major development programs, projects and activities.

Article 4.9 of EPE covers the policy directive on EIA. The Article contains eleven sub-articles covering
different aspects of EIA and the conditions under which EIA must be performed. Article 4.9.g (EPA
1997, 23) provides a provision:

To create a bylaw on EIA process which requires appropriate Environmental impact statements and
environmental audits for private and state development projects?

The sectoral policies of EPE contain policy directions that may ensure the promotion of sustainable
industrial development in the country. More specifically, Article 3.8 of EPE provides policy directions for
the control of hazards materials and pollution from industrial waste. This sectoral policy emphasizes the

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importance of pollution prevention and minimization as the primary approach for pollution control. To
this effect, Article 3.6(a) states (EPA 1997, 15):

To adhere to the precautionary principle of minimizing and where possible preventing discharge of
substances and to disallow the discharge when they are likely to be hazardous.

Article 3.8.m, more specifically (EPA 1997, 16) states:

To promote waste minimization processes including the efficient recycling of materials wherever
possible.

3.2.4. Sectoral Policies and Strategies

National Health Policies and Strategies

Article 2 of general policy states the ‘development of the preventive and promotive components of health
care’ as one of the basic policy components. The promotion of occupational health and safety (Article
2.2.2) and the development of Environmental Health (Article 2.2.3) are identified as priority policy areas
for the health sector.

Article 5.2 states that the promotional and preventive activities shall address ‘prevention of
Environmental pollution with hazardous chemical wastes. Article 1.3 of the Health sector strategy that
was developed in 1995 states the following under Environmental and occupational Health and safety’
(TGE, 1995):

Agricultural schemes and industries will be expected to have strong health prevention and promotion
program. Starting from inception, an appropriate health advice has to be sought & incorporated in the
project. Guidelines, standards, regulations & legislations will be prepared in order to assist the
community, planners, builders, agricultural schemes and industries on safe disposal of waste,
minimizing environmental pollution and incorporating appropriate health and safety standards in
housing and work premises.

3.2.5. Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy

The Federal Government of the Democratic Republic of Ethiopia issued a comprehensive & integrated
water resources management policy in 1998. The policy document outlines the following as the general
policy objectives (FDRE, 1998:1)

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 o Development of the water resources of the country for Economic and social Benefits of the
people on equitable & sustainable basis;

o Allocation and apportionment of water based on comprehensive and integrated plans and
optimum allocation principles that incorporate efficiency of use, equity of access, and
sustainability of the resources.

o Combating and regulating floods through sustainable mitigation, prevention, rehabilitation and
other practical measures.

o Conserving, protecting and enhancing water resources and the overall aquatic environment on
sustainable basis.

3.2.6. Legislative Instruments and Proclamations

The Federal Government of Ethiopia is in the process of passing number of proclamations that are aimed
at providing the legislative instruments for the implementation of the national environmental policy
objectives and strategies. The following environmental protection proclamations were enacted by the
council of Representative of FDRE.

3.2.6.1. E s t a b l i s h m e n t o f E n v i ro n m e n t a l P ro t e c t i o n O r g a n s ( P ro c l a m a t i o n
No. 295/2002)

This law clarifies the institutional mandate and responsibilities of the Environmental Protection
Authority (EPA) and aims to integrate environmental considerations into the policies and decision-
making of sectoral agencies through such means as the establishment of environmental units in these
agencies at the federal level and the creation of independent environmental agencies at the regional level.
This law also re-established the Environmental Protection Council, a cross-sectoral co-coordinating body
that advises the federal EPA and supervises its activities. The mandate of the Council includes:
(i) reviewing environmental policies, strategies and laws proposed by the EPA and issuing
recommendations to government; (ii) providing appropriate advice on the implementation of the
Environmental Protection Policy of Ethiopia; and (iii) reviewing and approving directives, guidelines, and
environmental standards prepared by the EPA.

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3.2.6.2. E n v i ro n m e n t a l I m p a c t A s s e s s m e n t ( P ro c l a m a t i o n N o . 2 9 9 / 2 0 0 2 ) :

This Proclamation aims primarily at making the EIA mandatory for categories of projects specified under
a directive issued by the EPA. The law specifies projects and activities that will require an environmental
impact assessment (EIA). The proponent of the project must prepare the EIA following the format
specified in the legislation. The EPA will then review the EIA and either approve the project (with or
without conditions) or reject it. Under this legislation, the EPA has to prepare procedures, regulations,
environmental guidelines and standards for the EIA. Environmental guidelines are among the tools for
facilitating the consideration of environmental issues and principles of sustainable development and their
inclusion in development proposals.

This Proclamation requires, among other things:

 Specified categories of projects to be subjected to an EIA and receive an authorization from the EPA
or the relevant regional environmental agency prior to commencing implementation of the project;
 Licensing agencies to ensure that the requisite authorization has been duly received prior to issuing an
investment permit, a trade or operating license or a work permit to a business organization;
 The EPA or the relevant regional environmental agencies may issue an exemption from carrying out
an EIA in projects with an insignificant environmental impact;
 A licensing agency may suspend or cancel a licence that has already been issued where the EPA or
the relevant regional environmental agency suspends or cancels environmental authorization;
 Procedures that need to be followed in the process of conducting an environmental impact assessment
are described in the Proclamation. Thus, a project developer is expected to act as follows:
 Undertake a timely environmental impact assessment, identifying the likely adverse impacts,
incorporating the means of their prevention, and submitting the environmental impact study report
accompanied by the necessary documents to the EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency.
 Ensure that an environmental impact assessment is conducted and an environmental impact study
report is prepared by an expert who meets the requirements set forth by the directive issued by the
EPA.
 Submit an environmental impact study report to the EPA or the relevant regional environmental
agency for review.

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3.2.6.3. E n v i ro n m e n t a l P o l l u t i o n C o n t ro l P ro c l a m a t i o n N o . 3 0 0 / 2 0 0 2 :

This Proclamation state "No Person or establishment shall pollute or cause any other person to pollute the
environment by violating the relevant environmental standards.” Environmental standards specified in the
proclamation include:

 Standards for the discharge of effluents into water bodies and sewage systems;
 Air quality standards that specify the ambient air quality and give the allowable amounts of
emission for both stationary and mobile air pollution sources;
 Standards for the types and amounts of substances that can be applied to the soil or be disposed
of on or in it;
 Standards for noise providing for the maximum allowable noise level taking into account the
settlement patterns and the availability of scientific and technological capacity in the county; and
 Waste management standards specifying the levels allowed and the methods to be used in the
generation, handling, storage, treatment, transport and disposal of the various types of waste.

3.2.6.4. S o l i d Wa s t e M a n a g e m e n t P ro c l a m a t i o n N o . 5 1 3 / 2 0 0 7

The solid waste management proclamation stipulates, among others, that each region or administration
unit shall set its own schedule, and based on that, prepare its solid waste management plan and report
implementation. It further spells out that each administration unit shall ensure that measures are taken to
prevent pollution from mishandling of solid wastes. Similarly, existing institutional arrangements
overseeing the environmental performance of the industry were summarized. A waste management plan
will be prepared during the detailed design stage of the project to mitigate the impacts through reduction
in the use of consumable items, recycling of materials, and disposal of hazardous wastes at certified
locations.

3.2.6.5. T h e E n v i ro n m e n t a l I m p a c t A s s e s s m e n t P ro c l a m a t i o n N o . 2 9 9 / 2 0 0 2 :

The proclamation formalizes EIA as a mandatory legal prerequisite for the implementation of major
development projects, programs and plans. Environmental impact assessment is used to predict and
manage the environmental effects that a proposed developmental activity could bring about some
drawbacks and risks. The design, sitting, construction, operation or ongoing one as a result of its
modification or termination intends and thus helps to bring about intended development. This
proclamation is a proactive tool and a backbone to harmonizing and integrating environmental, economic,

12
cultural, and social considerations into a decision-making process in a manner that promotes sustainable
development.

3.2.6.6. O ro m i a E n v i ro n m e n t a l p ro c l a m a t i o n e n a c t e d i n 2 0 0 5 E . C

The Oromia regional state has enacted two major proclamations regarding to Environmental protection.
Regional State Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 176/2005 and Oromia National
Regional state Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No.177/2005. In addition to the framework
proclamations, the GEPA is preparing detailed regulations on EIA and pollution control which are
currently implementing in the region. Clearly, the region has an environmental and social management
system that requires for conducting EIAs for development projects. The enforcement of this requirement
for environmental assessment is spearheaded by GEPA and its branch offices at Zonal, City and Woreda
levels.

In practice, the environmental procedures followed to implement and administer the Oromia EIA
proclamation in the region starts from a screening exercise which was done with the help of the
Authority’s staff. The experts of the office provide a kind of pre-consultancy support to the project
proponent by screening the specific proposed project. When project proponents’ approaches the offices,
the office experts advise them on the category into which the proposed project belongs and further
indicate them on the type of EIA (full or partial or none) required to be submitted. Screening of the
projects is carried out by comparing it against a category list as provided in the guidelines. After the
screening, this project needs partial ESIA. During the EIA study process, project proponents are also
required to consider site and project alternatives based on land use plan, technology, environmental
sensitivity as well as the no project option. These considerations on project alternatives are formally
required to be present in the EIA document to be submitted for review and approval.

3.2.6.7. L a b o u r P ro c l a m a t i o n N o . 11 5 6 / 2 0 1 9

This proclamation highly emphasizes that an employer should take the necessary measures to safeguard
the health and safety of his workers. The employer shall in particular:
 Comply with the occupational health and safety requirements provided for in this proclamation
 Take appropriate steps to ensure that the workers are properly instructed and notified about the
hazards of their respective occupations and the precautions necessary to avoid accident and injury
to health

13
  Provide workers with protective equipment, closing and other materials and instruct them of its
use, etc.
In general, to ensure workers safety and job security the need to respect this proclamation has been
clearly stated in the document.
3.2.7. Regulations Pertaining to the Standards
3.2.7.1. Effluent Standards:

Ethiopia has no national standards governing effluent discharges from industries.

However, since 2003 Ethiopia has had regulations governing the quality of the
effluent discharged from facilities to public sewers and surface water systems
(EPA, 2003). These guidelines require the facility to meet certain basic water
quality standards for trade effluent including sewage as shown in Table 1 below.

1. Table 1: Limit Values for Discharges

to Water sources
Parameter Limit Value
Ph 6–9
BOD5 at 200C 25 mg/l
COD 150 mg/l
Total phosphorus (as P) 5 mg/l
Suspended solids 50 mg/l
Mineral oils at the oil trap or interceptor 20 mg/l

During the detailed design stage of the project, facility requirements will be finalized and will require use
of sewage systems that conform to international standards and criteria for the protection of potable water
sources downstream.
3.2.7.2. Noise Standards:
Ethiopia has no national legislation for noise as well, but World Bank guidelines have been adopted by
EPA and are used for benchmarking purposes along with the National Noise Standards that are being
prepared. The guideline for daytime perimeter noise is 55 decibels (dBA). The noise level of L90 and
L10 will be done via concerning body.
Table 2 provides noise standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia.

14
 Limits in dBA
Area Code Category of area
Day time1 Night time2

A Industrial area 75 70

B Commercial area 65 55

3.2.7.3. Ambient Air

C Residential area 55 45
quality Standards:
Although, Ethiopia has no national legislation for air quality so far, the World Bank guidelines have been adopted
by the EPA and are used for benchmarking purposes along with the draft National air quality Standards that are in
preparation by the EPA. Table 3.3 provides the provisional air quality standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia
as well the WB/IFC guidelines values.

Table 3: Limit Values for Emissions to Air

Pollutant Units Guideline values

Ethiopian WB standard
standard

Particulate Matter PM2.5 µg/Nm3 None 30a

Particulate Matter10 µg/Nm3 150 100

Sulphur dioxide (as SO2) µg/Nm3 1000 400

Nitrous oxide (as NO2) µg/Nm3 2000 600

a 10 µg/Nm3 if more than 40 percent of the resulting heat comes from hazardous waste

3.2.8. Relevant International Conventions:

Ethiopia has ratified the following international conventions on natural resources and environmental
management:

 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (ratified through

Proclamation No. 14/1970);
15
  Framework Convention on Climate Change (ratified through Proclamation No. 97/1994);
 Convention on Biological Diversity (ratified through Proclamation No. 98/1994);
 The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (ratified through Proclamation No.
80/1997);
 The Cartagena Protocol on Bio-Safety to the Convention on Biological Diversity (ratified
through Proclamation No. 362/2003);
 The federal EPA is designated as the focal point for the implementation of the above
conventions.

3.3. Institutional and Administrative Framework

3.3.1. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia:

The Constitution is the supreme law of the country, whose provisions all other policies, regulations and
institutional frameworks must comply with. The Constitution of the FDRE (Proclamation No. 1/1995 as
amended) is the foundation for human rights, and natural resources and environmental management. The
Constitution states that:

 Government and all Ethiopian citizens shall have the duty to protect the country’s environment and
natural resources,
 Design and implementation of programs and projects of development shall not damage or destroy the
environment,
 The People have the right to full consultation and expression of views in the planning and
implementation of environment policies and projects that affect them directly,
 The concepts of sustainable development and environmental rights are enshrined in the Constitution
of the FDRE. Article 44 of the revised Constitution of the FDRE states that all persons who have
been displaced or whose livelihood has been adversely affected because of state programs have the
right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with
adequate state assistance. However, the compensation does not take into account the value of land.
3 . 3 . 2 . T h e F e d e r a l E n v i ro n m e n t a l P ro t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t y ( F E PA ) :

The Authority is an institution responsible for preparing environmental policies for the country and then,
following government approval, to prepare the legislation at the national level supervising and inspecting
the implementation process.
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 3 . 3 . 3 . R e g i o n a l E n v i ro n m e n t P ro t e c t i o n A u t h o r i t y

The Regional Authority has the responsibility to ensure all development projects or programs are
executed in a manner set forth in the EIA requirements.

3.3.4. The Federal and Regional Investment Agencies:

Both the Federal and Regional Investment Agencies have the responsibility to provide the investment
licences provided that the EIA is taken into account

3 . 3 . 5 . To w n a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s :

Administrative structure of the Town is similar all over the country. The town administration is a major
decision-making government organ. Duties and responsibilities of the town:

 Implementation of the policies, laws and directives of the state,

 Coordination of the activities of various offices in the town,
 Planning and implementation of projects,
 Supervision of development programs within the town,
 Proper use and accounting for the annual budget.

The Shaggar City-Furi Sub-City Environment Protection Authority has responsibility to follow the
project impacts.

4. Project Descriptions
4.1. Background to the Project
The study of Amir W/Gebre’el Belay foods complex processing Plant project aims to assess the viability
of establishing ultra-modern food complex production factory in Ethiopia to produce quality brands for
Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex processing Plant project will process and produce quality all
babies and adult foods and enriched foods products both for local and export markets, mainly neighboring
countries. The company obtains quality wheat from Ethiopian wheat producers, farmers and private
investors. In this regard, it creates market for the producers and local farmers. The company will
contribute in technology transfer for producing quality products.

The purchased quality wheat will be sorted from unwanted materials using automatic machines. Finally,
clean and quality wheat are entered into the plant to produce quality biscuits, wafers and confectionary
food products. The project will be implemented by the company managers and professionals.

17
The project will be at ensuring sustainable development, delivering significantly valuable food products
which are economically, socially and environmentally important. The company is aiming to generate
products which will have no adverse or zero impacts on the environment. It will contribute to the delivery
of Ethiopia’s Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program by creating employment
opportunity and generating revenues whilst supporting social development.

4.2. Project Goal

The goal of Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex Company is to become a major producer and
exporter of quality all babies and adult foods products for the local and foreign markets of neighboring
countries.

The company developed this project having an overall goal of taking advantage of the opportunities
existing in foods production and demands in the local and foreign markets and to come out as a successful
producer of superior quality all babies and adult foods and enriched foods products.

4.3. Location
The Plant will be located in Oromia regional state, Shaggar City-Furi Sub-City.

4.4. Project Objective and Justification

4 . 4 . 1 . P ro j e c t O b j e c t i v e s
The proposed project has primary and secondary objectives.

 Primary objective:

“To undertake the processing and production of quality all babies and adult foods complex
products for local and foreign markets”

 Secondary objectives:

 To generate additional employment opportunity among the rural

and urban people,

 To generate foreign exchange revenue,

 To identify other additional markets for the products and increase

values for all babies and adult foods products export,
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  Be seen as a model for sustainable development: securing good
returns for its business, delivering positive social impacts within local communities and
promoting environmental conservations.

 To transfer technology in the sector agro-industry.

4 . 4 . 2 . P ro j e c t J u s t i f i c a t i o n
Ethiopia is very suitable for wheat production due to its favorable climate and fertile soil. However,
absence of processing and manufacturing technology that add value for Ethiopian agricultural products in
general and wheat crop in particular lead to low prices of crop and even sometimes absence of market for
the product. This condition has been discouraging the Ethiopian farmers and producers to produce more
wheat. Ethiopia is also nearer to foreign markets like Middle East which are not known with wheat.
Therefore, introduction of Foods processing plant can have various advantages in that it creates market
for the products of local farmer so that encouraging more and more production. On the other hand, it
processes the wheat and adds value to it and produces Foods which will be supplied to local and foreign
markets at competitive price generating profit for the investor and broadens the tax base for the country.

4.5. Description of the Proposed Project (Nature and Scope of the Project)
The founder of the company, Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex, recognizes the enormous potential
that exists for developing successful agri-business in Ethiopia and believes that it offers an excellent
investment opportunity which will provide good returns to investors.

In addition, company believes that the business offers the opportunity to be a model of how a genuine
commitment to sustainable development can maximize value economically, socially and environmentally.

The Ethiopian government recognizes the skills, knowledge and expertise that AMIR W/GEBRE’EL
BELAY Food Complex processing plant project brings and is motivated to form the joint venture in
order to increase the productivity of wheat through processing Foods plant develop export-focused agri-
business in Ethiopia and to encourage investors who are committed to genuine sustainable development.

The access to key markets such as the Middle East and neighboring countries is equal compared to key
competing producers. Ethiopia benefits from tariff free entry into the European Union market under the
GSP (general system of preferences) system.

In summary, Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex processing plant project offers a highly competitive
location for the primary production of quality all babies and adult foods-it can deliver throughout the
year, reliable, quality, high yielding and cost competitive foods. The target all babies and adult foods all
19
currently suffer from supply problems, which combined with our strategic partnerships, provides an
excellent opportunity for Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project to capture a strong position
in these markets.

4.6. Production Process and flow

The wheat purchased from local farmers and merchants and then transported to the processing plant. The
process of Foods processing can be described as follows:

Wheat
purchasing

Transporting

Storage

Drying

Cleaning
Manually/ by
Machine
Crushing/
/Filtration
Milling

Flour

Packing and
transporting

End users

(Food items 20
products)
 4.7. Expected Production Capacity
As already mentioned, the plant has a capacity of producing 10,000 quintals of all babies and adult foods
products per day, or 3,000,000 quintals per annum.

The proposed project comprises different components to be executed at different phases of the project
life. Breaking them down according to the type of activities will ease the identification of their likely
environmental impacts. The consulting firm believes that the convenient way to do so is to break down
each activity into the following phases: pre-construction, construction, and operation.

5. Baseline Information of the Project

5.1. Descriptions of Baseline Environmental Conditions

Environment means surroundings, which are comprised by things and conditions. Those pertaining to the
Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex product manufacturing project have both bio-physical and socio-
cultural aspects. Prior to detail description of the project site a general description of the study area
presented.
5.1.1. General: The Study Area
Furi sub-city is one of the growing cities found in Shaggar City and highly required place for investment.
The location of the project is to be decided in light of easily found a source of raw material supply,
market outlet, infrastructure facilities, availability of man power as well as government policies, fiscal
incentives.
5.2. P h y s i c a l E n v i ro n m e n t
5.2.1. Topography

The topographic condition of the project site can be expressed based on qualitative and actual value
(quantitative) based. The qualitative approach describes the project site’s relative topographic feature with
respect to the local topographic condition. With this respect the project site categorized under the rolling
topographic feature. The quantitative approach describes the altitude of the project site measured from the
universal reference point, the sea level.

5.2.2. Drainage Pattern

Shaggar City-Furi Sub-City is naturally endowed with many lakes. It has high network or density of
permanent lakes. Similar, Furi Sub-city has some seasonal streams and rivers that are found nearby the
project area.
21
5.2.3. Climate

Shaggar City-Furi Sub-City is divided into different variation of the climate. This variation of temperature
provides wide opportunities for the production of different types of crops range from warm to cold
Thermal Zone. It is dominantly characterized by warm having a temperature ranging between 15 oc-30oc.

5.3. Socio-Economic Environment

5.3.1. Population and Settlement Pattern

As it was mentioned before, the project site is totally located in the industrial zone established by Oromia
regional Government. The sub-city is mostly dominated with industries and population the sub-city living
in dense area.

5.3.2. Social Livelihood

The Livelihood of the peoples around the project area is primarily bases on agriculture and to some extent
on livestock, and daily laborers and employee in many industries as there are various industries in the
project area.

Utility Services

Water Supply and Sanitation

According to the local peoples interviewed during the field visit, the main source of potable water around
the project site is pipe line water that is supplied by government. However, the public toilets, public
ditches and sewerage are not well organized.

5.4. Biological Environment

Vegetation

The area under study does not have any natural vegetation cover. Hence, there is no any artificial and
natural vegetation cover that would be affected by implementation of the proposed project.

Wildlife

No significant wildlife population or habitats identified in the project area. According to local sources,
however; hyenas, foxes and birds of different species are commonly visible in the study area.
22
 5.5. Historical, Cultural, Religious and Archeological Resources

There is no reported historical or archeological resource in the project area. During the field visit, the
study team could not encounter site of historical, cultural, religious and archeological importance
impacted by the project. Enquiries to residents around the project have indicated that there are no known
sites of historical or archeological significance in the vicinity of the project.

5.6. Gender Equity Issues:

There is gender inequality in the project area as it is also the case in most part of rural community of
Ethiopia. Women manage the bulk of house hold affairs in the area, including food marketing and
preparation, fetching water and collecting fuel wood, and caring children. In addition, they also perform
agricultural activities with men, such as land leveling, weeding and harvesting etc.

6. Environmental Impacts Identification, Analysis and Proposed Mitigation Measures

This part of the report addresses potential impacts associated with the proposed project and measures for
both mitigating (i.e. avoidance, reduction, or restoration of) negative impacts, and enhancing (i.e.
improvements of) positive effects of the food processing and production plant project. The major positive
impacts of the proposed project are mainly those of economic benefits at the national, regional and local
level due to the earning of foreign exchange and creation of employment opportunities, and technology
transfer to citizens working in the project, while adverse impacts are mainly resulting from processing of
the foods particularly, dust and solid waste related problems.

As major raw materials (inputs) for the processing and manufacturing of foods are wheat flour, flavor of
different types, bicarbonate, salt, sugar, skimmed milk powder, starch powder, water, power, etc, impacts
on human health and surrounding ecosystem are expected to generate from the process of production
unless the project is properly planned and managed well. Besides, health safety and adverse effects on
employees’ health condition, pollution effects on ambient air quality, and disturbance of top soils during
construction are sources of impacts.

6.1. Beneficial impacts

6 . 1 . 1 . E m p l o y m e n t c re a t i o n s
Impact Origin and Characteristics
The direct and indirect employment opportunity to be created for citizens is the economic benefits of the
project beyond to other economic out puts discussed.
23
The feasibility study of the project indicates that Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project
creates direct job opportunities for a total of 100 workers in which most of them to be the local residents.
Therefore, the project will be an opportunity for the diversification of the currently existing subsistent
agriculturally based economic activity in the area. This economic diversification will not be limited to the
local economic base, but it will benefit the town as a whole.

Benefit Enhancement Measures

Special consideration is given to enhancement of the positive effects of the project by maximizing the
distribution of this employment related project benefit. The team considered the benefits is at national and
local levels.

Hiring local professionals and service providers where possible, enhances the benefit at regional level.
Requirement of local available labor for positions that do not require skill enhances the benefits at local
level. Although labor requirement at the construction stage of the project is a matter for the contractors,
who have the right to determine whom they shall and shall not employ, they should be encouraged to hire
local laborers wherever possible. The measure not only maximizes the distribution of the benefit, but also
promotes the projects social acceptability.

In addition to the above proposed measures that can enhance the direct employment benefits, procuring
supplier and services from local sources to the maximum extent possible at each stage of the project
enhances the indirect employment opportunity of the project.

6.1.2. Investment
Impact Origin and Characteristics
The feasibility study of the project indicates that the proposed project requires a total investment cost of
ETH Birr 53,650,000 Birr, which building construction and machinery are the major cost components of
the project. This will have a significant input on the investment capacity, most importantly at region level.

Benefit Enhancement Measures

Complying with public and private requirements and producing at low costs of production maximizes
benefits from the investment. Although, they require effort of external institution and governmental
bodies, facilitating the investment process, including development credits enhances the benefit.

6.1.3. Social Benefits

24
Local Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement
Impact Origin and Characteristics
The employment opportunity to be created by the project will have social benefit beside the expected
economic benefit. The employment income from the project will have a substantial role for social
livelihood improvement in the project area. This local income generation related social benefit will have
long term as well as cumulative benefits:

Poverty reduction: As a result of creation of jobs the project will have a meaningful impact on poverty
reduction as the project area is inhabited by largely unemployed and marginal farmers, the employment
priorities would focus on households subsisting below the poverty line.

Education opportunity particularly girls: The increased income from the employment in the project will
improve substantially the living standard of the immediate area. Due to their improved income families
can afford to send their children to schools and supply their school needs adequately.

Benefit Enhancement Measures

Utilization of the available labour force in the area enhances the benefits at local level. Out sourcing
commercial activities like cafeteria services for local competitive service providers maximizes the social
benefit of the project as well.

6.1.4. Gender Equity and Employment Opportunities

Impact Origin and Characteristics

Women efficiency in carrying out and handling assignment make them preferable for the Foods plant
production processes. In this factory, from the total 120 employees required, 90 employment
opportunities will be given for women. This gender specific opportunity will avoid the historical
disproportionate burden of unemployment on woman.

Benefit Enhancement Measures

Consideration to be given for keeping the above beneficial opportunity the project provider to women
and actions to avoid work area problems women can face. The actions to be taken include:

 Strict rule on work area sexual harassments,

 Job security,

25
  Appropriate payment (equal payment standard with men engaged on equivalent
work load).

6.1.5. Rural and Urban Development

Impact Origin and Characteristics

The implementation of the project is expected to contribute to the development of institutions that would
provide social services to the local community. Since the project is expected to involve hundreds of
workers this by itself induces the establishment of medical and other service giving centers.

Beside this project development induced rural-urban development potentials, according to the projects
proponents’ explanation; they have a pack of plan for participating social services development programs.
As part of this EIA study, the proponent assigned the team to assess problem areas concerning social
services and prioritize according to the interest of the community.

Benefit Enhancement Measures

Consideration is given to measures that can maximize the benefits the local community can obtain from
the development of the services intended by the proponent. Integrating local knowledge’s at each stage of
the intended program implementation will maximize the benefit of the services. Participating the local
administrative and community during planning implementation & management is not only be an
opportunity for facilitating the process but also makes the community to consider the services as their
property.

6.2. Potential Adverse Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures

The proposed project is characterized with significant pre-construction phase; construction phase and
operation phase negative impacts. This section of the report outlines these adverse impacts and presents
the proposed mitigation measures.

6.2.1. Operational Phase Adverse Impacts Identification

As the operational phase is the main source of environmental issue of the project; in assessing these
impacts the consultant preferred to follow an approach that provides realistic background information on
the environmental assessment process. The approach considers; the environmental aspects, the
environmental impacts and the viable (both environmentally, technically and economically) mitigation
measures.

The consultant’s methodology for this is as follows:

26
  Identification of the Environmental Aspects of the Foods processing and production process

 Cause and effect analysis between the environmental aspects and potential impacts

 Impact assessment and identifying sustainable impact mitigation measures.

6 . 2 . 2 . I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f E n v i ro n m e n t a l A s p e c t s

The environmental aspects of the Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project can be classified
into the following major environmental aspects:

 Use of wheat flours and flavor ingredients as main raw materials in the production
process,

 Use of 600 liters of water as input during production process,

 Generation of liquid and solid wastes,

 Electricity power consumption, and

 Induced development.

Table 6.1 below describes these main environmental aspects and their significances from impact causing
point of view.

Table 6.1: Operational Phase Environmental Aspects and Significance

No. Environmental Aspect Significance

1 Use of raw materials
1.1 Impact on quality of air Moderately significant impacts
1.2 Impacts on employees’ health safety moderately significant impact
2 Use of water during processing
2.1 Generation of wastewater Moderately significant impact
2.2 Generation of solid wastes Less significant impact
2.3 Generation of dust emission Highly significant impact
2.4 Generation of offensive odor less significant impact
3.0 Generation of employment Highly significant impact

6.2.3. Cause and Effect Analysis

Checklists, matrices (including modified Leopid Matrix) were used to analyze the relation between those
identified environmental aspects and the impact they can induce on the environment. Apart from this, the
consulting firm assessed past experiences, case studies and employed experts’ knowledge for the analysis.

27
The consultant’s cause and effect analysis indicates that: generation of dust emission will be highly
significant adverse environmental impacts while generation of employment is expected to be highly
significant socio-economic beneficial impacts.

Adverse health hazards on employees, ambient air quality deterioration and generation of wastewater
shall be moderately significant environmental impacts of the processing foods project.

Solid wastes and offensive odors expected from the factory production process will be less significant
impacts.

6.2.4. Raw Materials Use Caused Adverse Impacts

The food processing and production project will use wheat flours and different kinds of foods products
quality improving ingredients as raw materials. It also uses water as an important input. The use of these
raw materials will have moderately significant adverse environmental impacts on ambient air and cause
immediate air quality degradation and employees’ health conditions unless properly handled. Therefore,
the expected adverse pollution impacts from raw materials will be ambient air quality depletion and
health effects on employees due to presence of dusts and particulate matters.

Mitigation measures

 Suppress dust emissions using dust scrapers fans

 Plant trees around the factory premises

 Provide employees with protective devices.

6.2.5. Employees’ Health Hazard

Employees’ health hazard is high if protective devices are not provided to them. Inhalation of
contaminated air, absorption of floating particulates in the surrounding air, and ingestion of pollutants
during eating, smoking and drinking are significantly high in foods processing factory.

Mitigation Measures

 Provide employees with protective devices,

 Train employees on safety precautions.

6.3.3. S o i l a n d G ro u n d w a t e r P o l l u t i o n

28
The Foods processing and production does generate moderately significant amount of wastewater that
bring damage to the surface and ground water sources and soils. This impact need to be avoided by using
proper waste management practices, which the Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project has
in a plan to install. The wastewater management planned contains a series of wastewater collection ponds/
tanks for wastewater discharges from the factory. The wastewater in ponds will be exposed to open air so
that water is made to be removed through evaporation. Therefore, no soils and groundwater pollution
impacts arise from water consumption since wastewater management is in place and no harmful chemical
application will exist in the entire Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant.

Mitigation measures

 Collect wastewaters at properly dug ponds to prevent from discharge to local environment

 Treat wastewater for reuse.

 Collect solid waste for economic uses.

6.3.4. Economic Development Induced Adverse Impacts

Socio-cultural Impact

Impact Origin and Characteristics

As described earlier, the project is likely to have some change to socio economic situation of the area.
The livelihood of the surrounding area will gradually shift from own subsistence means of live to salary-
based livelihood. This shift which may induce change in the life style will have a short-term to medium-
term consequence. Household resource management conflict, traditional social hierarchy and value
system may be changed.

Socio-Economic Impacts

Impact Origin and Characteristics

Employees’ health hazard and work area impacts particularly impacts that can make workers handicap
will have a cumulative socio-economic impact. The cumulative impact of employee’s health hazard
particularly, work area caused accidents related partial or total handicappers will have significant social
impact on the worker and economic impacts for his/her family in particular.

Mitigation Measures

29
In addition, those recommendations that prevents the root cause of the impacts (i.e. preventing and
controlling work area health hazards); facilitating insurance policy and procedures for work area caused
body damages particularly for permanent workers is the proposed mitigation.

7. Analysis of Alternatives Overview

The sustainability goal of the project can be addressed if and only if the project is environmentally,
socially and economically sound. To achieve this; the consultant considered different project alternatives
and analysis from three sustainability dimensions. The alternative analysis focused on those significant
negative impacts of the project (i.e. dust emission and air pollution, and workmanship health hazard). As
environmental pollution and employees health hazards are prominently related with the nature of raw
materials in use; due emphasis is given to dust emissions management and constant keeping of the plant
compound cleanliness were considered and evaluated.

The ‘no project’ option was also raised and analyzed. With existing demand for foods products markets
and profitability of the project in raising national revenue and employment opportunity, the ‘no project’
option was discarded. Implementation of the project at specified location by employing possible means of
avoiding environmental hazards was the option outweigh among proposed alternative options.

8. Environmental and Social Management Plan

Environmental management is concerned with the implementation of measures necessary to minimize or

offset adverse impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts. Unless the mitigation and benefit enhancement
measures identified in the EIA are fully implemented, the prime function of EIA, which is to provide a
basis for shaping the project so that overall environmental performance is enhanced, cannot be achieved.

In order to be effective, environmental management must be fully integrated with the overall project
management effort at all levels, which itself should be aimed at providing a high level of quality control,
leading to a project which has been properly designed, constructed and functional with possible efficiency
throughout its life time. Hence, the overall goal of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the
Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project is to minimize adverse impacts of the project by
managing and implementing the proposed impact mitigation measures and introducing good
environmental management practices.

Under this section, specific management activities (at the pre-construction, construction and operation
phases) of the project to overcome possible impacts of the project activities are outlined.

30
As much as possible, attention must be given to save the indigenous resources found on the site and trees
planted nearby area of the project site.

8.1.1. Health and risk management

Health and risk management should be done to avoid unnecessary impact on human health. Providing
health facility (protective gears, mobile clinic or first aid service depending on the size of workforce) is
the main element of health and risk management.

8.2. Operation phase environmental management plan

Most of project environmental management activities will be carried out during the operation phase, as
environmental impact at this stage is so significant (including dust pollution and human health impacts).

The objectives of the environmental management program at this phase of the project are: protection of
the environment from water and solid wastes pollutants, protection of workers from work area health
hazard, efficient use of ground water source, waste management and improving the environmental
performance of the company. The consultant proposes an Environmental and Safety Management Unit
(ESMU) in the company’s structure to operate the environmental management program at this stage of
the project.

The unit is responsible:

 Co-ordinate and administrate all aspects of the environmental management programs;

 develop further environmental oversight capability within the company and

 Facilitate the implementation of companywide Environmental Management System (EMS).

31
 Table 9.1- Environmental Management Plan and Budget

Anticipated Environmental management and mitigation measure Responsibility for Means for Frequency of Estimated cost
mitigation agency monitoring
Impact Monitoring (Birr)

 Identify environmental issues;

Environmenta Owner Environment Annually 1000
 Identify occupational health and safety issues;
l  Update management plans and procedures; al Auditing
 Set environmental performance targets;
degradation  Program for performance improvement; under
and  Set management roles and responsibilities;
 Monitor and evaluate environmental performance; prevailing
loss of  Set a budget for environmental management; and
 Schedule for revising and updating the EMP. Regulations
integrity

Solid waste  Use of an integrated solid waste management system i.e. “ Periodic Periodic and 3,000
through several options including of source, reduction
Generation activities surprise
recycling, composting and reuse and
Incineration. checks
 Ensure that wastes generated at the facility are efficiently
managed through recycling, reuse and proper disposal
procedures.
 A private solid waste handler to be contracted to handle
solid waste.
Release of  Proponent to construct onsite sewage treatment facility Periodic
“ - 10,000.
that treats wastewater to meet the set guidelines.
liquid effluent activities and

into the audits

environment

35
  Vehicles and tankers will be under strict instructions to
Air pollution “ Periodic Periodic and 30000
minimize unnecessary trips, refill petrol fuel tanks in the
afternoon and minimize idling of engines. Ministry of Labor activities surprise
 All workers on the site will be required to wear protective
clothing while on duty. checks
 Suitable wet suppression techniques need to be
utilized in all exposed areas

 Limit delivery to off-peak hours to reduce disruption of  Owner

Traffic and Periodic Periodic and 40000
transport links, delays and congestion  Operations and
Transport  Provide warning lights and other signs to reduce risk of traffic surprise
accidents along delivery roads and at the site
 Keep the earth access road dump to reduce dust checks
 Adequate maintenance of trucks to reduce emissions.
 Operations and Traffic to arrange
appropriate signage, notification, and identification of
alternative routes

 Handling of the materials using the material safety data  Owner

Pollution Periodic Periodic and 50000
provided by the manufacturers  Ministry of
from  Appoint a safety officer to ensure that proper disposal Health: inspection surprise
guideline is observed provincial public
Hazardous  Ensuring that maintenance and/or piece of work carried checks
out on any piece of equipment or construction work is health
Waste undertaken by qualified personnel
 In case of spillage emergency spillage control measures officer
to be instituted
 Containerization of any wastes and disposal through a
licensed waste handler.
 Adhere to Waste Management Regulations
 All workers will be sensitized and trained on occupational  Owner
Workers Activities Routine 10000
safety and health issues and on how to control accidents  Divisional

36
 related to construction. Public Health
accidents Accident Periodic
 A comprehensive contingency plan will be prepared  Ministry of
before begins, on accident response. Labour audits checks
 Accordingly, adherence to safety procedures will be  Workers
enforced.
 owner
Noise and Installation of silencers on the generators Complaints Consultation 5,000
 Divisional
Public Health s
vibration  Provision of protective equipment for workers in noisy From
environments. Officer
 Ministry of Neighbor
pollution  Do annual noise measurements.
 Do employee medical examination Labor
 Comply with Noise prevention and control rules, and  Workers
Noise and vibration pollution regulation,
Surface water  Reduce wastewater quantities  owner Regular Routine 10000
 Recycle the wastewater for flushing (where practical)
resources inspections Periodic
 Reuse the wastewater (generally after treatment) for
integrity beneficial purpose (either onsite or on a neighboring checks
property) such as dust suppression;
 Treat and discharge safely;
 Treat and discharge wastewater to soakage or lined
evaporation pit (where practical)
 Treat and discharge to drains or watercourses,
Meeting values.
 Pursue options of recycling, and water harvesting;
Use available safe yield;
 Installation of interceptors to pre-treat effluents;
 Collection and treatment of contaminated runoff before
discharge;
 Constant review of the design to ensure that capacity is
maintained and where necessary corrective measures are
undertaken to address the dynamics;
 Implementation of an effluent program with the

37
 objective of monitoring of ground water and surface
run off quality though a scheduled and regular Sampling and
analysis program.
 Switching off operational machines/equipment and lights  Owner
Energy Regular Routine 20,000
and using optimum lighting intensity for security and
management safety purposes; inspection Periodic
 Routine maintenance of equipment and machines to
and ensure optimum operations and fuel efficiency. checks
 Adopting the use of energy saving lights and machines.
conservation  Creation of awareness among users;
 Operational efficiency; and
 Development of key performance indicators.
 Design and construct a segregated drainage system on site  Owner
Contaminated Regular Routine 30,000
covering storm water, effluent and foul with proper
effluents treatment options; inspection Periodic
 Implement the drainage system operation and routine
management maintenance plans to ensure that there is no contamination Checks
of the environment; and
 Carry out regular monitoring and evaluation of the
drainage system including implementation of a quarterly
effluent monitoring program in line with policies for
environmental protection.
 These impacts have been identified and mitigated through  owner
Biophysical Regular Routine 10000
design; and
Impacts  supervision will provide for regular monitoring and inspection Periodic
evaluation of the Unit operation and new impacts
identified Checks

Total 179,000

38
9. Environmental Monitoring Program

Monitoring a project or a program and its surrounding is a tool for decision making not an end product.
Pertaining to Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project, the monitoring will involve both
quantitative and qualitative data, as appropriate to the nature of the information.

Both due to its significance and comprising different components; the production stage environmental
management monitoring and implementation program presented in detail.

Environmental monitoring is very essential part of the project implementation. It helps to follow up the
implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, as they are required and to anticipate possible
environmental hazards and/or to detect unpredicted impacts over time.

Such monitoring has to be carried out by the Company’s Environmental and Safety Management Unit
(ESMU) in a regularly bases. The company top management together with affiliated units of the Shaggar
City-Furi Sub-city City Environmental Protection Authority (AEPA) and representatives of the local
community’s cabinet should have to carry out an occasional monitoring on the performance of the
environmental management plan. Random monitoring on selected environmental indicators by AEPA
also important as it is essential for auditing the environmental protection program of the company.

The ESMU as the central point in monitoring the environmental management plan of the operation phase
of the project; the responsibility of the unit will be ensuring the implementation of all the proposed
mitigation measures. The unit should focus at least on the following main environmental management
plan themes:

Even though the company’s establishment is to generate returns to the shareholders and the stakeholders,
the company will also be committed to minimize potential negative impacts on the environment & the
community. Therefore, Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project is committed to sustainable
food processing establishment in the region. To that end, the company will:

 Use the Best Available Technology,

 Apply industry best practices in its operations
 Comply with regional, national and international environmental laws & regulations
 Rehabilitate the environment affected by its activities
 Engage effectively with local communities and work on local environmental
conservations and management.
 Engage in and recycle treated waste water for economic purposes.
37
 9.1. Green Belt Development
Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project shall be developing greenbelt inside and outside the
premises of the plant. Besides, project site will be covered with trees of local variety that will be planted
and reforested.

9.2. Environment Management Unit

Apart from having an EMP, it is also necessary to have a percent organizational set up charged with the
task of ensuring its effective implementation. A separate department consisting of officers from various
disciplines shall be created to coordinate activities concerned with the management and implementation
of the environmental control measures of the proposed plant operation.

Basically, this department shall undertake monitoring of the environmental pollution levels by measuring
stack emissions, ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level etc, departmentally or by
appointing external agencies wherever necessary. In case, the monitored results of environmental
pollution are found to exceed the allowable values, the Environmental Management Cell shall suggest
remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned plant authorities.

To achieve the objective of pollution control, it is essential not only to provide best pollution control
systems but also to provide trained manpower resources to operate the same. Training facilities would be
strengthened for environmental control which would cover the items listed below.

 Awareness of pollution control and environmental protection

 Operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment
 Knowledge of norms, regulations and procedures
 Occupational health and safety.
9.3. Environmental Liaison Officer (ELO)
The ELO shall be the focal point for all environmental matters in relation to implementation of the
engineering component of the proposed project. It shall be the responsibility of ELO to ensure that the
design provided for implementation and reviewed is in the EIA/EMP report conforms to those in the
conceptual plan. At the end of the review, using relevant checklists, and the design presented for
implementation may be approved, referred or rejected if considered environmentally unjustifiable.

38
 9.4. Site Safety and Environmental Manager (SSEM)
The contractor responsible for project execution (Construction and commissioning) shall provide a Site
Safety & Environmental Manager (SSEM), working in functional interface with the engineering
Contractor’s Team and interface with the Company’s ELO.

Site Safety and Environmental Manager will be responsible for the development and implementation of
the environmental activities relevant to construction described in the EMP. He will report to the
Contractor Site Representative. The SSEM’S environmental responsibilities shall include the following:

 To ensure that all construction personnel involved with construction related activities are
aware of the objectives and appropriate environmental requirements
 To acknowledge the project organization with the environmental policy of the project
 To execute internal environmental auditing
 To carry out site inspections
 To manage the waste streams as described
 To compile and issue documents and reports required to design and run environmental
training
 To liaise with construction department and management
 To liaise with sub-contractors
 To plan and carry out, when necessary, studies and/or environmental expertise. The
Contractor’s office will provide qualified resource support as and when required.

9.5. Environmental Management Activities

This section presents those procedures and activities of general nature, which need to be implemented for
conservation of the resources and for protection of environment. These can be grouped under the
following headings:

9 . 5 . 1 . Wa s t e s M a n a g e m e n t
Waste shall be managed in accordance with the company’s Waste Management Plan as stipulated in the
Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project Environmental Management System and
compliance with the country’s environmental regulations. The principles of waste reduction, recycling,
recovery and reuse shall be practiced.

39
 9 . 5 . 2 . Wa s t e M i n i m i z a t i o n G u i d e l i n e s
Waste minimization implies the reduction of the volume of air, liquid and solid wasters to maximum
possible extent. The four principles of waste minimization process (namely; recycling, reduction, reuse
and recovery) shall be adopted as applicable. Further, development activities are functions of the activity
level, age depreciation and maintenance level of facilitate and operating equipment.

9 . 5 . 3 . Wa s t e H a n d l i n g G u i d e l i n e s
For proper handling and disposal, wastes shall be well defined at source and the definition transmitted
along with the waste until the final disposal state. All procedures shall be defined, and documented
appropriately for all wastes generated. The general information required, and a minimum, for adequate
definition of wastes include:

 Waste stream identification

 Proper was categorization
 Waste segregation
 Appropriate handling and disposal practice
 Recommended management practices.
9 . 5 . 4 . Wa s t e S e g re g a t i o n G u i d e l i n e s
For effective implementation of appropriate waste disposal methods and recycling, it is important that
waste material be segregated, preferably at source into clearly designated bins at strategic locations.

9 . 5 . 5 . Wa s t e D i s p o s a l G u i d e l i n e s
Instructions on the material safety-handling sheet shall be strictly adhered to, and shall form the basis for
the disposal of wastes related to such products. Adequate treatment measures shall be undertaken,
wherever applicable, for all waste before final disposal.

9.5.6. Monitoring
The various areas to be monitored shall be in accordance with the state of the environment. In the light of
this, there is a need to establish the monitoring schedule for sustainable development of the project. In-
house environmental monitoring program needs to be instituted for the project, while external
environmental monitoring shall address the foregoing key issues to ensure compliance with good
housekeeping and manufacturing practice in order to avoid unnecessary adverse effect.

40
 Table 9.1 Environmental monitoring plan

No Parameter to be Activity Frequency Institution responsible Budget

monitored
birr
 Assess foods processing waste and other solid
1 Solid waste biannual Proponent, environmentalist, 50,000
wastes,
regulatory body
 Recycle/reuse solid waste
 Limit ambient water quality test parameter
2 Water quality biannual Proponent, environmentalist, 100,000
 Conduct quality test
health office,
 Collect and prevent wastewater from being
discharged to ambient area regulatory body
 Limit ambient air quality test parameter
3 Air quality Yearly once Proponent, environmentalist, 10,000
 Conduct air quality assessment
regulatory body
 Limit dust emissions to below standards
 Limit soil disturbance
4 Soil disturbance Once yearly Proponent, environmentalist, 5000
 Reuse removed topsoil for economic and
regulatory body
environmental conservation purposes
5 Health hazards Assess incidences, status and trends of diseases Yearly once Proponent, environmentalist, 10,000
and spread of in the project area, health office,
diseases
Assess employees health safety and utilization regulatory body
of safety devices

Total environmental monitoring 175,000

cost

41
 42

9 . 5 . 7 . C a p a c i t y B u i l d i n g a n d Tr a i n i n g
A training program is an essential part of an Environmental Management System (EMS).
Environmental Training will be given to key operators on those who are responsible for
informing their teams. In line with the guidelines, Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant
project shall establish a Health Environment Safety (HSE) Unit, which shall be staffed with
qualified and competent scientists/engineers. There shall be a corporate/Company HSE
Manager who shall be responsible for implementing the company’s Environmental Policy and
ensuring compliance with all relevant international, national and state environmental
regulations and laws.

The capacity of the HSE department would be strengthened through institutional strengthening
by purchasing portable environmental quality meters for measuring pollutants instantly in air,
water and soil as well as measurements of noise and heat. Staff of the HSE will be trained on
proficient use of the items of pollution monitoring equipment including understanding and
importance of Quality Assurance/Quality Control as well as interpretation of field monitoring
data and report writing for compliance monitoring.

There shall be periodic Sustainable Environmental Awareness Training/Seminars with consent

including Ecology, Sustainable Development, Environmental Management, Institutional and
Regulatory Framework, Pollution Control, Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring,
Environment Accounting, Corporate Environmental Responsibility, Environmental Health and
Safety, Risk Assessment, Environmental Assessment, Contingency Plan, Event Response,
Liability and Compensation etc, for Managers, Supervisors/Intermediate staff and junior staff
to inculcate the tenet of sustainable development in all member of staff. The company allocated
175,000 Eth Birr for the execution of environmental management activities.

9.5.8. Reporting
Reporting of all incidents shall be made to the regulatory agencies and supervisory bodies as
they occur. The findings of each environmental audit shall also be submitted to AEPA.

9 . 5 . 9 . E n v i ro n m e n t a l A u d i t
Environmental Audits are tools used by management to systematically and periodically
evaluate the performance of environmental management systems (EMS), procedures and
equipment. Environmental audits are required by the company as environmental monitoring
 43

tools to ensure that project operation is carried out according to the regulatory requirements
and standards.

All the project facilities shall be regularly audited once Operation commences. This audit shall
check the prediction of the Environmental Assessment Report and assess the general
performance of the project to ensure that environmental standards are maintained and Amir
W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project policies and environmental management
guidelines are strictly maintained. Each environmental audit shall be geared towards achieving
the following:

 Examine compliance with regulatory requirements

 Identify current and potential environmental problems
 Examine the line management systems, plant operations, monitoring practices and data,
procedures and plans
 Check the predictions of the Environmental Evaluation Assessment and ensure that its
recommendations are being implemented
 Recommend areas of improvement in operations management.
9 . 5 . 1 0 . E n v i ro n m e n t l a b e l i n g a n d l i f e c y c l e a s s e s s m e n t
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method of checking the facts about the environmental burden
of a product from its design through to production and then final disposal. It can be used in
design of a new product or the evaluation of existing product. EIA is the analysis of a product
or service through all stages of its life cycle, raw martial acquisition, manufacturing,
transportation; use/reuse/ maintenance, recycling/waste management and relevant energy
supply systems. It includes:

 Evaluation and policymaking

 Public education
 Internal decision making
 Public disclosure of information

In the same process, product also gets environment labeling. Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Foods
products processing plant project is committed to conduct all types of studies including EIA to
preserve the natural resources and to protect the environment.
 44

9 . 5 . 11 . F o o d C o m p l e x C o m p a n y ’s S t a t e m e n t o n t h e P ro j e c t
The Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project shall adopt the most up- to- date
technology in Foods processing industry by which, its impact on environment shall be
significantly reduced, and the local government regulations and the global guidelines would be
completely fulfilled. Designed environmental specifications of the proposed plant are in line
with or more stringent than national environmental guidelines.

A comprehensive environmental management system will be developed to monitor

environment and safety performance. A total engineering concept to integrate the performance
parameters will be applied. Safety audits shall be carried out to ensure compliance with health
and safety legislation and assessing work place risk.

Culturally, the proposed project shall have no significant impact with regard to cultural effects.
Economically, the proposed all babies and adult foods processing plant will serve the national
income, will provide job opportunities and a long-term economic boost and will help to supply
the high demand processed food in the Ethiopian market.
 45

10. Conclusions and Recommendations

10.1. Conclusions
This document generally attempted to show the environmental impacts and controlling
measures of the Amir W/Gebre’el Belay Food Complex plant project to be located at Shaggar
City-Furi Sub-city City. The Company is expected to follow suggested mitigation measures to
control all the impacts associated with the plant project.

The development of network and the provision of electricity, pure water, etc will have a direct
impact on the development of the area. Another major benefit for the community is the
provision of employment opportunity for the surrounding community.

10.2. Recommendations
Here below few recommendations were forwarded:
 To enhance the potential economic benefits and social acceptability of the project; it is
very important for the company management body and proponents (a)to avoid or
minimize any adverse impacts of the project on human health and, (b)to reduce impacts
on the environment,
 It is recommended that the proposed mitigating measures are properly implemented on
time.
 To ensure proper implementation of mitigation measures, regular environmental
monitoring and audit must be conducted.
 In addition, the company should create harmonious relationship between the local
communities by holding discussions with local people so as to develop strong linkages
with them.
 In collaboration with the local government and the affected community, the company
should support development efforts in the project site. This will strengthen ties between
local people and the company.
 The company must develop its own internal environment policy, proper environmental
management system and comply with federal and regional state environmental
regulations as stipulated in the Emission Standards of the country.
 46

9. REFERENCES
1. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.
1/1995.Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
2. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1996), Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
3. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1997), Environmental Policy of Ethiopia:
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
4. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (2000), Guideline Document: Environmental
Assessment and Management; EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
5. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2002), Environmental Pollution Control
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 299/2002. Addis Ababa.
7. FDRE EPA, 2003. Guideline for reviewing environmental impact study reports (final
drafts), Addis Ababa.
8. MEDAC/EPA (1997). The conservation strategies of Ethiopia, Vlume1. The resource base,
its utilization and planning for sustainability, Addis Ababa.
9. Otterstrom T. and P.Kosk. (1994). “Ekono Energy Ltd & Soil and Water Ltd. Assessment
of External Costs of Energy Production in Finland”. Report prepared for the SIHTI 2
Project.
10. RGO, 2002b. Regulation for the establishment of Oromia Environmental protection office,
Finfinne.
 47

Annex