12-Inferential Statistics Assignment
12-Inferential Statistics Assignment
12-Inferential Statistics Assignment
AHMADI-KUWAIT
APPLIED MATHEMATICS ASSIGNMENT (2024-25)
CLASS-XII
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
𝜇 = 𝑥̅ ± margin of error ,
Margin of error = 𝑍𝛼 /2 . 𝜎/ √𝑛 .
Where ( 1- 𝛼 ) is called confidence coefficient and 𝑍𝛼 /2 is the Z value providing an area of 𝛼/ 2 in the
upper tail of the standard normal probability distribution.
P = 𝑝̅ ± margin of error,
HO : 𝜇 ≥ 𝜇0 HO :𝜇 ≤ 𝜇0 HO: 𝜇 = 𝜇0
H1 : 𝜇 < 𝜇0 H1:𝜇 > 𝜇0 H1 : 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0
The first two forms are one- tailed test and third forms is called two –tailed test. 𝜇0 denote the
hypothesized value of population mean 𝜇.
sample mean
𝑥̅=∑ 𝑥𝑖 /𝑛 ,
s =√(∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥) 2 /(𝑛 − 1)
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. An observed set of population that has been selected for analysis is called
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the
correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
16. Assertion ( A ): A simple random sample consists of five observation 2,4,6,8,10. The point
estimate of population standard deviation is √10 .
Reason ( R): Sample standard deviation of n observations, S =√∑ (𝑥𝑖−𝑥) ̅2 𝑛 .
17. In a survey question for a sample of 200 individuals, 80 persons gave response ‘yes’, 100 gave
response ‘no’ and 20 gave no response.
Assertion ( A ): The point estimate of the proportion in the population who respond ‘yes’ is 0.4
Reason ( R): The point estimate of the proportion in the population who respond ‘No’ is 0.6
ANSWERS
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. ( b) 15. ( b) 16. (c) 17.(c)
18. A machine produces washers of thickness 0.50 mm. To determine whether the machine is in
proper working order, a sample of 10 washers is chosen for which the mean thickness is 0.53
mm and the standard deviation is o.03 mm. Test the hypothesis at 5% level of significance that
the machine is working in proper order.
(Ans: t = 3 Since t(3) > t0.025(2.262), the null hypothesis H0 can be rejected. Hence we
conclude that machine is not working properly.)
19. A random sample of 17 values from a normal population has a mean of 105 cm and the sum of
the squares of deviations from this mean is 1225 cm2 . Is this assumption of a mean of 110 cm
for the normal population reasonable? Test under 5% level of significance.
(Given t16(0.05) = 2.12 )
(Ans : – 2.3561, the null hypothesis H0 can be rejected. We may conclude that the assumption
that the mean of the population is 110 cm is not valid.)
20. A group of 5 patients treated with medicine P and second group of 7 patients treated with
medicine Q. The sample means were found to be 8 and 9 respectively and the sample standard
deviation `S` is 3.71. Comment on the rejection of the hypothesis with significance level 5%.
(Given t10(0.05) = 2.23)
(Ans : t=-0.46, Since │t│ < t10(0.05), the null hypothesis H0 is accepted at 5% level of
significance.)
21. A random sample of 17 values from a normal population has a mean of 105 cm and the sum of
the squares of deviations from this mean is 1225 cm2 . Is this assumption of a mean of 110 cm
for the normal population reasonable? Test under 5% level of significance. (Given t16(0.05) =
2.12 )
(Ans: t = – 2.3561, Since │t│ > t16(0.05), the null hypothesis H0 can be rejected. We may
conclude that the assumption that the mean of the population is 110 cm is not valid.)
22. The average height of a random sample of 400 adult males of a city is 175 cm. It is known that
population standard deviation is 40. Determine the 90% confidence interval for the population
mean. (Z0.05 = 1.645)
Solution:
Given: n= 400, 𝑥̅=175, = 40
1− = 0.90
= 0.1
= /2=0.05
Z / 2 = Z0.05 =1.645
Margin of error = 𝑍𝛼 /2 . 𝜎 /√𝑛 .
=1.645x 40 /√400
= 3.29
Confidence interval is ( 175 – 3.29 , 175 + 3.29 )= (171.71, 178.29)
23. The average height of a random sample of 400 adult males of a city is 175 cm. It is known that
population standard deviation is 40. Determine the 90% confidence interval for the population
mean. (Z0.05 = 1.645)
(Ans: Margin of error = 3.29, Confidence interval is(171.71, 178.29))
24. A sample of 100 Maruti authorized service centres showed 13 are in Delhi, 18 in Mumbai, 17 in
Chennai and 15 in Kolkata. Develop an estimate of the proportion of Maruti service centres
that are not in these four cities.
Solution:
Number of Maruti service centres that are not in these four cities
= 100 – ( 13 + 18 + 17 + 15 )
= 100 – 63
= 37
The point estimate of proportion of Maruti service centres that are not in these fourcities is
𝑝̅ =37/100 =0.37
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTION
Solution:
(i) 𝑥̅= 3+7+6+8+1 5 = 5 ∴ point estimate of population mean is (𝑥̅), 𝑖.𝑒. ,5.
(ii) 𝑆 2 = ∑ (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅) 2 / 𝑛−1
= [4 + 4 + 1 + 9 + 16] /(5-1) = 34/ 4 = 8.5
(iii) Point estimate for population standard deviation is √8.5 = 2.91
(iv) Standard Error = 𝜎 /√𝑛 = 2.91/ √5 = 2.91 /2.23 = 1.30.