STD7 Mathematics Model1

MATHEMATICS
QUESTIONS AND MODEL ANSWERS
FOR
PRIMARY SCHOOL
STANDARD 7
BY ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 0999246769
ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 1 0999246769/0881871947

MALAWI PRIMARY SCHOOL
MANEB CURRICULUM
STANDARD 7 MATHEMATICS QUESTIONS AND MODEL ANSWERS

UNIT 1: COUNTING
EXERCISE 1A: READING NUMBERS FROM 10,000,000 TO 100,000,000
Fill in the missing numbers
1. 50,000,000 55,000,000 _____________ 65,000,000 ____________
Answer
50,000,000 55,000,000 60,000,000 65,000,000 70,000,000
2. 30,000,000 27,500,000 ______________ _____________ 20,000,000

Answer
30,000,000 27,500,000 25,000,000 22,500,000 20,000,000
EXERCISE 1B: COUNTING IN DIFFERENT INTERVALS UP TO 1,000,000,000

Fill in the missing numbers
1. 300,000,000 400,000,000 ___________ ___________ 700,000,000
Answer
300,000,000 400,000,000 500,000,000 600,000,000 700,000,000
2. 600,000,000 ____________ 700,000,000 750,000,000 _____________

Answer
600,000,000 650,000,000 700,000,000 750,000,000 800,000,000
3. 200,000,000 205,000,000 ____________ ___________ 220,000,000

Answer
200,000,000 205,000,000 210,000,000 215,000,000 220,000,000

EXERCISE 1C: ARRANGING NUMBERS IN ASCENDING ORDER
Arrange the following numbers in ascending order
1. 60,000,000 40,000,000 70,000,000 80,000,000 50,000,000
Answer
40,000,000 50,000,000 60,000,000 70,000,000 80,000,000
2. 365,000,000 285,000,000 291,000,000 327,000,000 295,000,000

Answer
285,000,000 291,000,000 295,000,000 327,000,000 365,000,000
3. 800,000,000 650,000,000 750,000,000 850,000,000 700,000,000

Answer
650,000,000 700,000,000 750,000,000 800,000,000 850,000,000
4. 102,500,000 103,500,000 101,500,000 102,000,000 103,000,000

Answer
101,500,000 102,000,000 102,500,000 103,000,000 103,500,000
5. 45,000,000 50,900,000 40,000,000 47,500,000 42,000,000

Answer
40,000,000 42,000,000 45,000,000 47,500,000 50,900,000
6. 802,100,000 802,205,000 801,407,000 801,700,000 802,400,000

Answer
801,407,000 801,700,000 802,100,000 802,205,000 802,400,000

EXERCISE 1D: ARRANGING NUMBERS IN DESCENDING ORDER
Arrange the following numbers in descending order
1. 190,000,000 295,000,000 85,000,000 270,000,000 175,000,000
Answer
295,000,000 270,000,000 190,000,000 175,000,000 85,000,000
2. 708,000,000 892,000,000 586,000,000 1,000,000,000 904,000,000

Answer
1,000,000,000 904,000,000 892,000,000 708,000,000 586,000,000
3. 740,990,125 725,642,001 385,000,500 740,990,050 830,860,210

Answer
830,860,210 740,990,125 740,990,050 725,642,001 385,000,500
4. 816,002,000 403,000,019 670,100,000 185,750,025 505,340,000

Answer
816,002,000 670,100,000 505,340,000 403,000,019 185,750,025
5. 87,060,000 88,500,000 87,500,000 88,050,000 87,005,000

Answer
88,500,000 88,050,000 87,500,000 87,060,000 87,005,000
6. 930,450,000 903,054,600 1,000,000,000 999,999,997 989,000,000

Answer
1,000,000,000 999,999,997 989,000,000 930,450,000 903,054,600

EXERCISE 1E: WRITING NUMBERS IN WORDS
Write the following numbers in words
1. 78,000,000
Answer
Seven eight million
2. 103,080,000
Answer
One hundred and three million, eighty thousand
3. 671,507,087
Answer
Six hundred and seventy one million, five hundred and seven thousand and eighty seven
4. 483,921,667
Answer
Four hundred and eighty three million, nine hundred and twenty one thousand, six
hundred and sixty seven
5. 807,002,003
Answer
Eight hundred and seven million, two thousand and three
6. 987,186,001
Answer
Nine hundred and eighty seven million, one hundred and eighty six thousand and one

7. 500,602,004
Answer
Five hundred million, six hundred and two thousand and four
8. 999,999,997
Answer
Nine hundred and ninety nine million, nine hundred and ninety nine thousand, nine
hundred and ninety seven
EXERCISE 1F: WRITING NUMBERS IN FIGURES

Write the following numbers in figures
1. Seven hundred and nine million, four hundred thousand
Answer
seven hundred and nine million = 709,000,000
four hundred thousand = 400,000
= 709,400,000
2. Six hundred and eighty million, twenty thousand and seven

Answer
Six hundred and eighty million = 680,000,000
twenty thousand = 20,000
seven = 7
= 680,020,007

3. Nine hundred and two million seven hundred and twenty two thousand
Answer
Nine hundred and two million = 902,000,000
seven hundred and twenty two thousand = 722,000
= 902,722,000
4. Three hundred and sixty nine million six hundred and eighteen thousand five hundred
and forty nine
Answer
three hundred and sixty nine million = 369,000,000
six hundred and eighteen thousand = 618,000
five hundred = 500
forty nine = 49
= 369,618,549
5. Eight hundred and forty one million and thirty eight

Answer
Eight hundred and forty one million = 841,000,000
Thirty eight = 38
= 841,000,038
6. One billion
Answer
1,000,000,000

UNIT 2: ROMAN NUMERALS
EXERCISE 2A: ANSWERING QUESTIONS FROM THE CLOCK FACES
Hindu-Arabic numerals Roman numerals

1 Name the letters that have been used in the Roman numerals clock face
I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII
2 Which Roman numerals represent the following Hindu-Arabic numerals: 1, 5, 10?

I, V, X
3 Which Hindu-Arabic represents the following Roman numerals: IV, VII, XII?
4, 7, 12
EXERCISE 2B: WRITING ROMAN NUMERALS UP TO 20

Express the following numbers in Roman numerals
1. 15
Answer
15 =X+V
= XV
2. 16
Answer
16 = X + VI
=XVI

3. 18
Answer
18 = X + VIII
= XVIII
4. 19
Answer
19 = X + IX
= XIX
5. 20
Answer
20 =X+X
= XX
EXERCISE 2C: EXPRESSING ROMAN NUMERALS IN HINDI-ARABIC NUMERALS

Express the following numbers in Roman numerals
1. VI
Answer
V+I
= 5+1
= 6
2. XI
Answer
X+I
= 10 + 1

= 11
3. XX
Answer
X+X
= 10 + 10
= 20
4. XVIII
Answer
=X+V+I+I+I
= 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1
= 18
5. XIX
Answer
= X + IX
= 10 + 9
= 19
6. IV
Answer
= IV
=4

EXERCISE 2D: ARRANGING ROMAN NUMERALS IN ASCENDING ORDER
Arrange the following Roman Numerals in ascending order
1. I, X, V, XII, IV
Answer
I, IV, V, X, XII
2. XI, IV, II, XIX

Answer
II, IV, XI, XIX
3. VI, XIX, XIV, III, V

Answer
III, V, VI, XIV, XIX
4. V, XVIII, VI, XI, XX, VII

Answer
V, VI, VII, XI, XVIII, XX
5. XIII, VII, I, XVII

Answer
I, VII, XIII, XVII
EXERCISE 2E: ARRANGING ROMAN NUMERALS IN DESCENDING ORDER

Arrange the following Roman Numerals in descending order
1. X, VI, XIV, XVII
Answer
XVII, XIV, X, VI

2. I, XII, V, X
Answer
XII, X, V, I
3. XIII, VIII, XI, XVI

Answer
XVI, XIII, XI, VIII
4. III, XII, IX, XV, XIX

Answer
XIX, XV, XII, IX, III
5. XVIII, IV, XIX, XI, XX

Answer
XX, XIX, XVII, XI, IV
NOTE: In Standard 7, learners make use of three basic Roman numerals. These are I, V and X.
The symbol I stands for one, V stands for five and X stands for ten.
It is important to note that in Roman numerals there is no symbol for zero.
When building up numbers using the Roman numerals the following rules are followed:
Rule 1
When the symbol is repeated the value is also repeated except for V.
Rule 2
A numeral should not be repeated more than three times. For example III is correct while IIII is
not.

Rule 3
When I is to the right of either V or X it shows that the number is one more than V or X.
Rule 4
When I is to the left of either V or X it shows that the number is one less than V or X.
In some cases, two rules are applied to write Roman numerals

UNIT 3 BASIC OPERATIONS ON WHOLE NUMBERS
EXERCISE 3A: ADDING AND SUBTRACTING NUMBERS
1. 897 – 642 + 1,549
Solution
897 – 642 + 1,549
= 897 + 1,549 – 642
= 2,446 – 642
= 1,804
2. 4,358 + 974 – 2,703

Solution
4,358 + 974 – 2,703
= 4,358 + 974 – 2,703
= 5,332 – 2,703
= 2,629
3. 39,492 + 3,420 – 23,425

Solution
39,492 + 3,420 – 23,425
= 39,492 + 3,420 – 23,425
= 42,912 – 23,425
= 19,487
4. 2,000,000 – 5,000,000 + 4,500,000

Solution
2,000,000 – 5,000,000 + 4,500,000
= 2,000,000 – 5,000,000 + 4,500,000

= 2,000,000 + 4,500,000 – 5,000,000
= 6,500,000 – 5,000,000
= 1,500,000
5. 221,500 – 294,025 + 125,250

Solution
221,500 – 294,025 + 125,250
= 221,500 + 125,250 – 294,025
= 346,750 – 294,025
= 52,725
6. 70,541 + 14,683 – 69,822

Solution
70,541 + 14,683 – 69,822
= 70,541 + 14,683 – 69,822
= 85,224 – 69,822
= 15,402
7. 13,589 – 15,273 + 18,500

Solution
13,589 – 15,273 + 18,500
= 13,589 + 18,500 – 15,273
= 32,089 – 15,273
= 16,816

8. 4,300,000 – 2,060,400 + 1,395,238
Solution
4,300,000 – 2,060,400 + 1,395,238
= 4,300,000 + 1,395,238 – 2,060,400
= 5,695,238 – 2,060,400
= 3,634,838
9. 7,500,895 – 3,945,150 + 580,204

Solution
7,500,895 – 3,945,150 + 580,204
= 7,500,895 + 580,204
= 8,081,099 – 3,945,150
= 4,135,949
10. 856,040,000 – 925,632,125 + 320,862,225

Solution
856,040,000 – 925,632,125 + 320,862,225
= 856,040,000 + 320,862,225 – 925,632,125
= 1,176,902,225 – 925,632,125
= 251,270,100
EXERCISE 3B: MULTIPLYING AND DIVING NUMBERS

1. 8,288 ÷ 74 x 25
Solution
8,288 ÷ (74 x 25)
= 8,288 ÷ 1,850

= 4.48
2. 5,700 ÷ 150 x 65
Solution
5,700 ÷ (150 x 65)
= 5,700 ÷ 9,750
= 0.58
3. 250 x 95 ÷ 125
Solution
(250 x 95) ÷ 125
= 23,750 ÷ 125
= 190
4. 670 x 75 ÷250
Solution
(670 x 75) ÷ 250
= 50,250 ÷ 250
= 201
5. 3,050 ÷ 200 x 140

Solution
3,050 ÷ (200 x 140)
= 3,050 ÷ 28,000
= 0.11

6. 675 ÷ 25 x 115
Solution
675 ÷ (25 x 115)
= 675 ÷ 2875
= 0.23
7. 2,345 ÷ 350 x 80
Solution
2,345 ÷ (350 x 80)
= 2,345 ÷ 28,000
= 0.08
8. 875 x 125 ÷ 175

Solution
(875 x 125) ÷ 175
= 109,375 ÷ 175
= 625
9. 5,246 x 130 ÷ 234

Solution
(5,246 x 130) ÷ 234
= 681,980 ÷ 234
= 2914
10. 810 x 92 ÷180

Solution
(810 x 92) ÷180

= 74,520 ÷180
= 414
EXERCISE 3C: ADDING AND MULTIPLYING NUMBERS

1. 725 x 47 + 988
Solution
(725 x 47) + 988
= 34075 + 988
= 35,063
2. 43,476 + 253 x 19
Solution
43,476 + (253 x 19)
= 43,476 + 4807
= 48,283
3. (80,219 + 144) x 85
Solution
(80,219 + 144) x 85
= (80,219 + 144) x 85
= 80,363 x 85
= 6,830,855
4. 127 x 75 + 38,094
Solution
(127 x 75) + 38,094

= 9,525 + 38,094
= 47,619
5. (251,050 + 94) x 100

Solution
(251,050 + 94) x 100
= 251144 x 100
25,114,400
6. 193 x 235 + 253,728

Solution
(193 x 235) +2 53,728
= 45,355 + 253,728
= 299,083
7. 61,734 + 63 x 250
Solution
61,734 + (63 x 250)
= 61,734 + 15750
= 77,484
8. 923,602 + 28 x 378
Solution
923,602 + (28 x 378)
= 923,602 + 10,584
= 934,186

9. 674 x (17 + 21,698)
Solution
674 x (17 + 21,698)
= 674 x 21715
= 14,635,910
10. 173 x 20 + 46,939

Solution
(173 x 20) + 46,939
= 3,460 + 46,939
= 50,399
EXERCISE 3D: ADDING AND DIVIDING NUMBERS

1. 3,425 + 1,140 ÷ 76
Solution
3,425 + (1,140 ÷ 76)
= 3,425 + 15
= 3,440
2. 44,400 ÷ 555 + 2,355

Solution
(44,400 ÷ 555) + 2,355
= 80 + 2,355
= 2,435

3. (4,000 + 592) ÷ 328
Solution
(4,000 + 592) ÷ 328
= 4,592 ÷ 328
= 14
4. 1,296 ÷ 108 + 823

Solution
(1,296 ÷ 108) + 823
= 12 + 823
= 835
5. 1,715 + 6,104 ÷ 436

Solution
1,715 + (6,104 ÷ 436)
= 1,715 + 14
= 1,729
6. 7,106 ÷ (195 + 128)

Solution
7,106 ÷ (195 + 128)
= 7,106 ÷ 323
= 22
7. 41,040 ÷ 228 + 14,325

Solution
(41,040 ÷ 228) + 14,325

= 180 + 14,325
14,505
8. (3,216 + 2,879) ÷ 115

Solution
(3,216 + 2,879) ÷ 115
= 6095 ÷ 115
= 53
9. (2,110 + 8,802) ÷ 248

Solution
(2,110 + 8,802) ÷ 248
= 10912 ÷ 248
= 44
10. 1,890 + 175 ÷ 25

Solution
1,890 + (175 ÷ 25)
= 1,890 + 7
= 1897
EXERCISE 3E: SUBTRACTING AND MULTIPLYING NUMBERS

1. 83,729 – 347 x 89
Solution
83,729 – (347 x 89)
= 83,729 – 30,883

= 52,846
2. 18,453 – 5 x 2185
Solution
18,453 – (5 x 2185)
= 18,453 – 10,925
= 7,528
3. 117 x (9,500 – 6,775)

Solution
117 x (9,500 – 6,775)
= 117 x 2,725
= 318,825
4. 241 x 150 – 19,890

Solution
(241 x 150) – 19,890
= 36,150 – 19,890
= 16, 250
5. 423,305 – 375 x 285

Solution
423,305 – (375 x 285)
= 423,305 – 106,875
= 316,430

6. (2,150,200 – 1,907,432) x 213
Solution
(2,150,200 – 1,907,432) x 213
= 242,768 x 213
= 51,709,584
7. 315 x 210 – 49,999

Solution
(315 x 210) – 49,999
= 66,150 – 49,999
= 16,151
8. 678 x 1106 – 66,487

Solution
(678 x 1106) – 66,487
= 749,868 – 66,487
= 683,381
9. 589 x (91,159 – 80,651)

Solution
589 x (91,159 – 80,651)
= 589 x 10,508
= 6,189,212
10. 3,866,868 – 450 x 569

Solution
3,866,868 – (450 x 569)

= 3,866,868 – 256,050
= 3,610,818
EXERCISE 3F: SUBTRACTING AND DIVIDING NUMBERS

1. 18,000 ÷ 450 – 29
Solution
(18,000 ÷ 450) – 29
= 40 – 29
= 11
2. 9,650 ÷ 25 – 185
Solution
(9,650 ÷ 25) – 185
= 386 – 185
= 201
3. (43,847 – 39,910) ÷ 127

Solution
(43,847 – 39,910) ÷ 127
= 3,937 ÷ 127
= 31
4. 178 – 56,700 ÷ 540

Solution
178 – (56,700 ÷ 540)
= 178 – 105
= 73

5. 42,504 ÷ 56 – 678
Solution
(42,504 ÷ 56) – 678
= 759 – 678
= 81
6. (908,428 – 872,963) ÷ 205

Solution
(908,428 – 872,963) ÷ 205
= 35,465 ÷ 205
= 173
7. 5,000 – 2,875 ÷ 115

Solution
5,000 – (2,875 ÷ 115)
= 5,000 – 25
= 4975
8. 14,200 – 13,440 ÷ 70
Solution
14,200 – (13,440 ÷ 70)
= 14,200 – 192
= 14,008
9. 777,920 ÷ 320 – 1,995

Solution
(777,920 ÷ 320) – 1,995

= 2,431 – 1,995
= 436
10. 3,874 – 536,520 ÷ 170

Solution
3,874 – (536,520 ÷ 170)
= 3,874 – 3,156
= 718
EXERCISE 3G: ADDING, SUBTRACTING, MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING NUMBERS

1. 1,175 – 64 ÷ 4 x 2 + 123
Solution Note:
1,175 – (64 ÷ 4) x 2 + 123 When solving problems that involve two or
more operations, follow the following order:
= 1,175 – (16 x 2) + 123
division, multiplication, addition and finally
= 1,175 – 32 + 123 subtraction.
= (1,175 + 123) – 32 If a problem has brackets, deal with the

operations in the brackets first before carrying
= 1,298 – 32 out the other operations
= 1,266
2. 1,134 ÷ 63 + 832 – 36 x 13
Solution
(1,134 ÷ 63) + 832 – 36 x 13
= 18 + 832 – (36 x 13)
= (18 + 832) – 468
= 850 – 468
= 382

3. 214 + 28 x 16 – 357 ÷ 17
Solution
214 + 28 x 16 – (357 ÷ 17)
= 214 + (28 x 16) – 21
= 214 + 448 – 21
= 662 – 21
= 641
4. 463 x 13 + 1,032 ÷ 24 – 3,967

Solution
463 x 13 + (1,032 ÷ 24) – 3,967
= (463 x 13) + 43 – 3,967
= (6,019 + 43) – 3,967
= 6062 – 3,967
= 2095
5. 8,417 – 35,568 ÷ 78 + 352 x 22

Solution
8,417 – (35,568 ÷ 78) + 352 x 22
= 8,417 – 456 + 7744
= 8,417 + 7744 – 456
= 16161 – 456
= 15,705
6. 5,063 x (8,469 – 7,969) ÷ (101 + 149)

Solution
5,063 x (8,469 – 7,969) ÷ (101 + 149)

= (5,063 x 500) ÷ 250)
= 2,531,500 ÷ 250
= 10,126
7. 7,865 – (247 + 214 ÷ 18) x 14

Solution
7,865 – (247 + 214 ÷ 18) x 14
= 7,865 – (247 + {214 ÷ 18}) x 14
= 7,865 – (247 + 11) x 14
= 7,865 – 258 x 14
= 7,865 – 3,612
= 4,239
8. (14,809 – 12,609) ÷ 11 x 4 + 2,078

Solution
(14,809 – 12,609) ÷ 11 x 4 + 2,078
= (2200 ÷ 11) x 4 + 2,078
= (200 x 4) + 2,078
= 800 + 2,078
= 2878
EXERCISE 3H: SOLVING PRACTICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING BASIC OPERATIONS OF WHOLE

NUMBERS
1. Subtract the product of 359 and 218 from 89,260.
Solution
89,260 – (359 x 218)

= 89,260 – 78,262
= 10,998
2. Divide the difference between 6,046 and 2,688 by 23.

Solution
(6,046 – 2,688) ÷ 23
= 3,358 ÷ 23
= 146
3. From the product of 12 and 10 take away the quotient of 360 and 9.
Solution
(12 x 10) – 360 ÷ 9
= 120 – (360 ÷ 9)
= 120 – 40
= 80
4. The sum of two numbers is 78. One of the numbers is the product of 26 and 2. Find the
other number.
Solution
Y + 52 = 78
Y + 52 – 52 = 78 – 52
Y = 26
5. Add 11,750 to the quotient of 11,760 and 245.

Solution
(11,760 ÷ 245) + 11,750
= 48 + 11,750

= 11,798
6. Khama Estate harvested 110,000 bags of maize and sold 85,000 bags. At the beginning
of the growing season the estate bought 17,200 bags. How many bags were now at the
estate?
Solution
(17,200 + 110,000) – 85,000
= 127,200 – 85,000
= 42,200 bags
7. A school received 345 boxes of pens. In each box, there were 50 pens. If all the pens
were shared equally to 15 classes. How many pens did each class receive?
Solution
(345 x 50) ÷ 15
= 17,250 ÷ 15
= 1,150 pens
8. A trader had 19 lorries and each lorry carried 293 bags of groundnuts into a storeroom.
If other 2,050 bags were already in the storeroom, how many bags of groundnuts did
the trader have?
Solution
(19 x 293) + 2,050
= 5567 + 2,050
= 7,617 bags

REVIEW QUESTIONS
Answer the following questions:
1 39,492 + 3,420 – 23,425
Solution
(39,492 + 3,420) – 23,425
= 42,912 – 23,425
= 19,487
2 Find the difference between the product of 23 and 56 and the sum of 92 and 200.
Solution
(23 x 56) – (92 + 200)
= 1,288 – 292
= 996
3 2,345 ÷ 350 x 80
Solution
(2,345 ÷ 350) x 80
= 6.7 x 80
= 536
4 27 lorries carried 145 bags of soya beans each. If 45 orphanage centres benefited
equally, how many bags did each centre receive?
Solution
(27 x 145) ÷ 45
= 3,915 ÷ 45
= 87 bags

5 Divide the sum of 468 and 267 by 7.
Solution
(468 + 267) ÷ 7
= 735 ÷ 7
= 105
6 25 containers had 400 bottles already packed. If 9,600 bottles were to be distributed
equally in the same containers, how many bottles will be in each container?
Solution
400 + (9,600 ÷ 25)
= 400 + 384
= 784 bottles
7 From the product of 56 and 47 take away 2,132.

Solution
(56 x 47) – 2,132
= 2,632 – 2,132
= 500
8 Divide the difference between 6,046 and 2,688 by 23.

Solution
(6,046 – 2,688) ÷ 23
= 3,358 ÷ 23
= 146

9 Add 820 to the product of 83 and 65.
Solution
(83 x 65) + 820
= 5,395 + 820
= 6,215
10 A school had 1,935 learners. If 6 classes had 239 learners each, how many learners were
in the rest of the classes?
Solution
1,935 – (239 x 6)
= 1,935 – 1,434
= 501 learners

UNIT 4 AVERAGES
EXERCISE 4A: FINDING AVERAGES
Find the average of the following numbers:
1 10, 16
Answer
10 + 16
Average of the numbers = 2
26
= 2
= 13
2 17, 13
Answer
17 + 13
30
= 2
= 15
3 31, 41, 23, 18

Answer
31 + 41 + 23 + 18
113
= 4
= 28.25
4 33, 42, 21, 16, 32, 36

Answer
33+ 42 + 21 +16 + 32 + 36
180
= 6

= 30
5 12, 28, 11
Answer
12 + 28 +11
51
= 3
= 17
6 14, 9, 15, 19, 8

Answer
14 + 9 +15 +19 + 8
65
= 5
= 13
7 50, 47, 31, 52

Answer
50 + 47 + 31 + 52
180
= 4
= 45
8 80, 60, 0, 75, 35, 58

Answer
80 + 60 + 0 + 75 + 35 + 58
308
= 6
= 51.33

9 22, 7, 5
Answer
22 + 7 + 5
34
= 3
= 11.33
10 20, 24, 27, 29, 30

Answer
20 + 24 + 27 + 29 + 30
130
= 5
= 26
EXERCISE 4B: SOLVING PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ON AVERAGE

1 John scored the following marks out of hundred: English 65, Mathematics 76, Chichewa
85, Agriculture 70, Life Skills 68, Science and Technology 72, Social and Environmental
Sciences 54. Find the average mark scored by John.
Answer
65+76+85+70+68+72+54
Average mark scored = 7
490
= 7
= 70
2 Three children plucked 10, 12, 8 oranges respectively. Find the average number of
oranges plucked.
Answer
10+12+8
Average number of oranges = 3

30
= 3
= 10 oranges
3 The daily attendance for a certain class was as follows: Monday 50, Tuesday 55,
Wednesday 54, Thursday 53, Friday 48. Find the average attendance for the class.
Answer
50+55+54+53+48
Average attendance for the class = 5
260
= 5
= 52
4 Find the average age of these seven learners whose ages are 21, 20, 17, 15, 16, 19 and
18 years.
Answer
21+20+17+15+16+19+18
Average age =
126
=
7
= 18 years
5 The average income of 6 workers is K10,500.00. Find the total income for the 6 workers.
Answer
Total income = K10, 500 x 6
= K63, 000
6 The average temperature for 4 days is 26oC. If the average temperature for 3 days is
24oC, find the temperature of the fourth day
Answer
Temperature of the fourth day = total average temperature for 4 days – total average
temperature for 3 days

= (26oC x 4) – (24oC x 3)
= 104oC – 72oC
= 32oC
7 The average mass of three bags of groundnuts is 124kg. If two of them have masses of
130kg and 180kg respectively. Find the mass of the 3rd bag.
Answer
The mass of the 3rd bag = total mass of all bags – masses of two bags
= (124kg x 3) – (130 + 180kg)
= 372kg – (130 + 180kg)
= 372kg – 310kg
= 62kg

UNIT 5 HIGHEST COMMON FACTORS (HCF) AND LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLES (LCM)
EXERCISE 5A: FINDING THE HCF OF NUMBERS USING FACTOR METHOD
Find the HCF of numbers using factor method
1 50, 30 and 16
Answer
50 = 2 x 5 x 5
30 = 2 x 3 x 5
16 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
∴ HCF = 2
2 4, 36 and 96
Answer
4=2x2
36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
∴ HCF = 2 x 2
=4
3 120, 200 and 320

Answer
120 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
200 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5
320 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
∴ HCF = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
= 40

4 80, 320 and 720
Answer
80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
320 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
720 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5
∴ HCF = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
= 80
5 112, 180 and 360

Answer
112 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 7
180 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5
360 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
∴ HCF = 2 x 2
=4
6 240, 36 and 450

Answer
240 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
450 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 5
∴ HCF = 2 x 3
=6

EXERCISE 5B: FINDING THE HCF OF NUMBERS USING DIVISION METHOD
Find the HCF of the following numbers using division method
1 100, 144 and 360
Answer
2 100 144 360
2 50 72 180
2 25 36 90
2 25 18 45
3 25 9 45
3 25 3 15
5 25 1 5
5 5 1 1
1 1 1
∴ HCF = 2 x 2
=4
2 210, 240 and 180

Answer
2 210 240 180
2 105 120 90
2 105 60 45
2 105 30 45
3 105 15 45
3 35 5 15
5 35 5 5
7 7 1 1
1 1 1
∴ HCF = 2 x 3 x 5
= 30

3 320, 240 and 160
Answer
2 320 240 160
2 160 120 80
2 80 60 40
2 40 30 20
2 20 15 10
2 10 15 5
3 5 15 5
5 5 5 5
1 1 1
∴ HCF = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
= 80
4 72, 100 and 144

Answer
2 72 100 144
2 36 50 72
2 18 25 36
2 9 25 18
3 9 25 9
3 3 25 3
5 1 25 1
5 1 5 1
1 1 1
∴ HCF = 2 x 2
=4

5 80, 320 and 720
Answer
2 80 320 720
2 40 160 360
2 20 80 180
2 10 40 90
2 5 20 45
2 5 10 45
3 5 5 45
3 5 5 15
5 5 5 5
1 1 1
∴ HCF = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
80
EXERCISE 5C: FINDING THE HCF OF NUMBERS USING CONTINUED DIVISION

Find the HCF of the following numbers using continued division method
1 240 and 840
Answer
2 240 840 3
240 720
00 120
∴ HCF = 120
2 960 and 2400

Answer
2 960 2400 2
960 1920
0 480
∴ HCF = 480

3 1000 and 3500
Answer
2 1000 3500 3
1000 3000
0 500
∴ HCF = 500
4 3200 and 800

Answer
800 3200 4
3200
0
∴ HCF = 800
5 540 and 1720

Answer
5 540 1720 3
500 1620
2 40 100 2
40 80
0 20
∴ HCF = 20

6 480 and 1540
Answer
4 480 1540 3
400 1440
4 80 100 1
80 80
0 20
∴ HCF = 20
EXERCISE 5D: FINDING THE LCM OF NUMBERS

Find the LCM of the following numbers
1 24, 36, 12 and 48
Answer
24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
12 = 2 x 2 x 3
48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
∴ LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
= 144
2 24, 12, 18 and 14

Answer
24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
12 = 2 x 2 x 3
18 = 2 x 3 x 3
14 = 2 x 7
∴ LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 7
= 504

3 40, 25, 8 and 12
Answer
40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
25 = 5 x 5
8=2x2x2
12 = 2 x 2 x 3
∴ LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5
= 600
4 4, 12, 6 and 32
Answer
4=2x2
12 = 2 x 2 x 3
6=2x3
32 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
∴ LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
= 96
5 10, 14, 50 and 40

Answer
10 = 2 x 5
14 = 2 x 7
50 = 2 x 5 x 5
40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
∴ LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 x 7
= 1400

6 24, 18, 20 and 36
Answer
24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
18 = 2 x 3 x 3
20 = 2 x 2 x 5
36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
∴ LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5
= 360
7 96, 84, 48 and 72

Answer
96 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
84 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 7
48 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
∴ LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 7
= 2016
8 12, 72, 36 and 40

Answer
12 = 2 x 2 x 3
72 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3
40 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
∴ LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5
= 360

EXERCISE 5E: SOLVING PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ON HCF AND LCM
1 Find the greatest number which can divide into 12, 20 and 32 without a remainder
Working
2 12 20 32
2 6 10 16
2 3 5 8
2 3 5 4
2 3 5 2
3 3 5 1
5 1 5 1
1 1 1
The greatest number = 2 x 2

=4
2 Find the greatest number of farmers that can share 9 treadle pumps, 21 bags of
fertilizer and 12 packets of seed without a remainder
Working
2 9 21 12
2 9 21 6
3 9 21 3
3 3 7 1
7 1 7 1
1 1 1
The greatest number = 3
3 What is the biggest number that can divide into 18, 42 and 12 without a remainder?
Working
2 18 42 12
2 9 21 6
3 9 21 3
3 3 7 1
7 1 7 1
1 1 1

The biggest number = 2 x 3
=6
4 Find the smallest number of tree seedlings that can be planted into plots of 40, 54, 30
and 48
Working
2 40 54 30 48
2 20 27 15 24
2 10 27 15 12
2 5 27 15 6
3 5 27 15 3
3 5 9 5 1
3 5 3 5 1
5 5 1 5 1
1 1 1 1
The smallest number = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 5

= 2160
5 Find the smallest number which is a multiple of 15, 18, 24 and 27

Working
2 15 18 24 27
2 15 9 12 27
2 15 9 6 27
3 15 9 3 27
3 5 3 1 9
3 5 1 1 3
5 5 1 1 1
1 1 1
The smallest number = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x5

= 1080

6 What is the least number of pencils that can be shared among 12 girls, 10 boys, 2 head
teachers and 6 teachers without leaving a remainder?
Working
2 12 10 2 6
2 6 5 1 3
3 3 5 1 3
5 1 5 1 1
1 1 1 1
LCM =2x2x3x5
= 60
∴ The least number of pencils that can be shared among 12 girls, 10 boys, 2 head
teachers and 6 teachers without leaving a remainder is 60

UNIT 6 BASIC OPERATIONS ON FRACTIONS
EXERCISE 6A: ADDING AND SUBTRACTING PROPER FRACTIONS
Simplify the following:
1 3 23
1 – 4 + 24
12
Answer
1 3 23
= 12 – 4 + 24
2 −18 + 23
= 24
2 + 23−18
= 24
7
= 24
2 3 19
2 + 7 – 21
3
Answer
2 3 19
= 3 + 7 – 21
14 + 9 − 19
= 21
4
= 21
4 2 1
3 –3+3
5
Answer
4 2 1
=5–3+3
12 −10 + 5
=
15
12 + 5−10
= 15
7
= 15

3 5 7
4 – +
16 8 12
Answer
3 5 7
= 16 – 8 + 12
9 −30 + 28
= 48
9 + 28−30
= 48
7
= 48
5 7 5
5 – 15 + 6
12
Answer
5 7 5
= 12 – 15 + 6
25 − 28 + 50
= 60
25 + 50−28
= 60
47
= 60
11 2 4
6 +5–5
15
Answer
11 2 4
= 15 + 5 – 5
11 + 6 − 12
= 15
5
= 15
1
=3

5 7 1
7 – +
6 8 16
Answer
5 7 1
= 6 – 8 + 16
40 − 42 + 3
= 48
40 + 3−42
= 48
1
= 48
13 3 7
8 – +8
16 4
Answer
13 3 7
= 16 – +
4 8
13 −12 + 14
= 16
13 + 14 −12
= 16
15
=
16
EXERCISE 6B: ADDING AND SUBTRACTING MIXED FRACTIONS

1 1 1
1 162 – 95 + 74
Answer
1 1 1
= 162 – 95 + 74
10 −4 + 5
= 16 + 7 – 9 20
10 −4 + 5
= 14 20
10 + 5 − 4
= 14 20
11
= 1420

2 1 7
2 523 + 616 – 1079
Answer
2 1 7
= 523 + 616 – 1079
12 + 3 − 14
= 52 + 61 – 107 18
1
= 618
5 1 11
3 137 + 16 – 421
Answer
5 1 11
= 137 + 16 – 421
30 + 7− 22
= 13 + 1 – 4 42
15
= 1042
1 2 3
4 106 – 1215 + 45
Answer
1 2 3
= 106 – 1215 + 45
5 − 4 + 18
= 10 + 4 – 12 30
5 + 18 − 4
=2 30
19
= 230

1 7 7
5 2632 + 48 – 198
Answer
1 7 7
= 2632 + 48 – 198
1 − 28 + 28
= 26 + 4 – 19 32
1 + 28−28
= 11 32
1
= 1132
5 5 3
6 512 + 96 – 58
Answer
5 5 3
= 512 + 96 – 58
10 + 20 − 9
=5+9–5 24
21
= 924
7
= 98
1 2 1
7 94 + 83 – 116
Answer
1 2 1
= 94 + 83 – 116
3 + 8− 2
= 9 + 8 – 11 12
9
= 612
3
= 64

1 1 5
8 176 – 14 2 + 46
Answer
1 1 5
= 176 – 14 2 + 46
103 − 87 5
= + 46
6
16 29
= +
6 6
45
= 6
3
= 76
1
= 72
4 1 3
9 75 + 11 4 – 610
Answer
4 45 63
= 75 + –
4 10
4 225 − 126
= 75 + 20
39 99
= +
5 20
156 + 99
= 20
255
= 20
10
= 1220
1
= 12
2
5 1 3
10 9 6 – 62 + 114
Answer
5 1 3
= 9 6 – 62 + 114

59 13 3
= – + 114
6 2
59 − 39 3
= + 114
6
20 45
= +
6 4
40 +135
= 12
175
= 12
7
= 1412
EXERCISE 6C: MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING FRACTIONS IN THE SAME PROBLEM

5 3 1
1 x ÷
12 8 6
Answer
5 3 1
= 12 x 8 ÷ 6
5 3 6
= x8x1
12
5 1 3
=4x4x1
15
= 16
3 2 3
2 ÷ x 10
5 5
Answer
3 2 3
= 5 ÷ 5 x 10
3 5 3
= x 2 x 10
5
3 3
= 2 x 10
9
= 20

4 1 3
3 ÷ 12 x 5
9
Answer
4 1 3
= ÷ 12 x 5
9
4 12 3
= x x5
9 1
4 4 1
=1x1 x5
16
= 5
1
= 35
1 1 3
4 38 x 24 ÷ 316
Answer
1 1 3
= 38 x 24 ÷ 316
25 9 51
= x 4 ÷ 16
8
25 9 16
= x x
8 4 51
25 3 1
= x 2 x 17
1
75
= 34
7
= 234
1 4 1
5 93 ÷ 25 x 4
Answer
1 4 1
= 93 ÷ 25 x 4
28 14 1
= ÷ x4
3 5
28 5 1
= x 14 x 4
3
1 5 1
=3x1 x2

5
=6
3 1 7
6 15 ÷ 2 x 20
Answer
3 1 7
= 15 ÷ 2 x 20
8 1 7
= 5 ÷ 2 x 20
8 2 7
= x x
5 1 20
4 1 7
=5x1 x5
28
= 25
3
= 125
4 2 4
7 ÷ 33 x 111
9
Answer
4 2 4
= ÷ 33 x 111
9
4 11 15
=9 ÷ x
3 11
4 5
=9 ÷ 1
4 1
=9 x 5
4
= 45
6 2 1
8 of 29 ÷ 72
7
Answer
6 2 1
= 7
of 29 ÷ 72

6 20 15
= x ÷
7 9 2
6 20 2
=7x x 15
9
2 4 2
=7x3x3
16
= 63
1 3 1
9 22 x 15 ÷ 10
Answer
1 3 1
= 22 x 15 ÷ 10
5 8 1
= 2 x 5 ÷ 10
5 8 10
= x5x
2 1
1 8 5
= x x
1 1 1
= 40
EXERCISE 6D: ADDING AND MULTIPLYING FRACTIONS IN THE SAME PROBLEM

3 1 5
1 x +
7 6 8
Answer
3 1 5
= x +8
7 6
1 5
= +8
14
4+35
= 56
39
= 56

2 3 1
2 x +7
21 4
Answer
2 3 1
= x +7
21 4
1 1
= +7
14
1 +2
= 14
3
= 14
3 1 5
3 x +6
5 9
Answer
3 1 5
= x +
5 9 6
2+15
= 18
3 17
= 5 x 18
17
=
30
3 5 1
4 + x2
8 6
Answer
3 5 1
= + x2
8 6
3 5
= +
8 12
9 +10
= 24
19
= 24

1 11 4
5 36 x + 55
19
Answer
1 11 4
= 36 x + 55
19
19 11 4
= x + 55
6 19
11 4
= + 55
6
11 29
= +
6 5
55+174
= 30
229
= 30
19
= 730
1 2 4
6 52 + 83 x 5
Answer
1 2 4
=5 + 8 x
2 3 5
3+4
= 13 6
1 4
= 146 x 5
85 4
= 6
x5
17 2
= x1
3
34
= 3
1
= 11
3
1 1 7
7 33 x 92 + 45
Answer
1 1 7
= 33 x 92 + 45

1 5 +14
= 33 x 13 10
1 19
= 33 x 13 10
10 149
= x
3 10
149
= 3
2
= 493
1 2 9
8 167 + 63 x 311
Answer
1 2 9
= 167 + 63 x 311
3+14 9
= 22 x 311
21
17 9
= 2221 x 311
479 42
= x 11
21
958
= 11
1
= 8711
EXERCISE 6E: ADDING AND DIVIDING FRACTIONS

3 5 2
1 7
÷ +
6 5
Answer
3 5 2
= ÷ +5
7 6
3 6 2
=7 x +5
5
18 2
= +
35 5
18 + 14
= 35
32
= 35

1 7 35
2 + ÷
25 10 38
Answer
1 7 35
= + ÷ 38
25 10
1 7 38
= 25 + x 35
10
1 1 19
= 25 + x
5 5
1 19
= + 25
25
1 +19
= 25
20
= 25
4
=5
8 2 7
3 ÷ +8
11 3
Answer
8 2 7
= ÷ +
11 3 8
8 3 7
= 11 x +8
2
4 3 7
= 11 x +8
1
12 7
= 11 + 8
96 +77
= 88
85
= 188
5 6 7
4 + ÷ 34
7 17
Answer
5 6 7
= + ÷ 34
7 17
5 6 34
=7 + x
17 7

5 6 2
+ x
7 1 7
5 12
= +
7 7
5 +12
= 7
17
= 7
3
= 27
3 5 4
5 11 ÷ 4 +
7 6 5
Answer
3 5 4
= 117 ÷ 46 + 5
80 29 4
= ÷ +5
7 6
80 6 4
= x +5
7 29
480 4
= 203 + 5
2400 + 812
= 1015
3212
= 1015
3212
= 31015
3 3 7
6 34 ÷ + 210
8
Answer
3 3 7
= 34 ÷ + 210
8
15 3 7
= ÷ + 210
4 8
15 8 7
= x + 210
4 3
5 2 7
= x + 210
1 1
10 27
= + 10
1

100 + 27
= 10
127
= 10
7
= 1210
2 1 3
7 145 ÷ 14 + 420
Answer
2 1 3
= 14 ÷ 1 + 4
5 4 20
2 5 +3
= 145 ÷ 5 20
2 8
= 145 ÷ 520
72 108
= ÷
5 20
72 20
= x 108
5
72 4
= x 108
1
288
= 108
72
= 2108
2
= 23
7 7 4
8 + 68 ÷ 85
64
Answer
7 7 4
= 64 + 68 ÷ 85
7 55 44
= 64 + ÷
8 5
7 55 5
= 64 + x 44
8
7 5 5
= 264 + x
8 4
7 25
= 264 + 40

35 + 200
=2 320
235
= 2320
47
= 264
2 1 1
9 33 ÷ 48 + 13
Answer
2 1 1
= 33 ÷ 48 + 13
11 33 1
= ÷ + 13
3 8
11 8 1
= x + 13
3 33
1 8 1
= x + 13
3 3
8 1
= 9 + 13
8 +3
=1 9
11
=19
2
= 29
4 2 4
10 39 + 19 ÷ 25
Answer
4 2 4
= 39 + 19 ÷ 25
4+ 2 4
= 4 ÷ 25
9
6 4
= 49 ÷ 25
42 14
= ÷
9 5
42 5
= x 14
9
3 5
=9x1

15
= 9
6
= 19
2
= 13
1 1 1
11 12 + ÷3
2
Answer
1 1 1
=1 + ÷
2 2 3
3 1 1
= + ÷3
2 2
3+ 1 1
= ÷3
2
4 1
= ÷
2 3
4 3
= x
2 1
12
= 2
=6
8 4 2
12 + ÷9
9 5
Answer
8 4 2
= + ÷9
9 5
8 4 9
= + x2
9 5
8 2 9
=9 + x1
5
8 18
=9 + 5
40 + 162
= 45
202
= 45
22
= 445

EXERCISE 6F: SUBTRACTING AND DIVIDING FRACTIONS
3 7 3
1 ÷ –
5 9 7
Answer
3 7 3
= ÷ –
5 9 7
3 9 3
=5 x –
7 7
27 3
= –
35 7
27−15
=
35
12
= 35
1 2 2
2 73 ÷ 43 – 3
Answer
1 2 2
= 73 ÷ 43 – 3
22 14 2
= ÷ –
3 3 3
22 3 2
= x –
3 14 3
11 1 2
= x –
1 7 3
11 2
= –
7 3
33 − 14
= 21
19
= 21
9 1 1
3 – ÷
10 4 3
Answer
9 1 1
= – ÷
10 4 3
9 1 3
= 10 – x
4 1

9 3
= 10 – 4
18 − 15
= 20
3
= 20
5 1 1
4 26 – 92 ÷ 78
Answer
5 1 1
= 2 – 9 ÷ 7
6 2 8
5 19 57
= 26 – ÷
2 8
5 19 8
= 26 – x
2 57
5 1 4
= 26 – x
1 3
5 4
= 26 – 3
5−8
=2 6
(5+6) − 8
=1 6
11 − 8
=1 6
3
= 16
1
= 12
1 4 1
5 13 ÷ – 25
9
Answer
1 4 1
= 13 ÷ – 25
9
1 4 1
= 13 ÷ – 25
9
4 4 1
= 3
÷ 9
– 25

4 9 1
=3 x – 25
4
3 1
= 1 – 25
3 11
=1 – 5
15 − 11
= 5
4
=5
1 1 5
6 83 – 64 ÷ 6
Answer
1 1 5
= 83 – 64 ÷ 6
4−3 5
=2 ÷
12 6
1 5
= 212 ÷ 6
25 5
= 12 ÷ 6
25 6
= 12 x 5
5
=2
1
= 22
EXERCISE 6G: SUBTRACTING AND MULTIPLYING FRACTIONS

3 4 5
1 – x
4 7 8
Answer
3 4 5
= – x
4 7 8
3 1 5
=4 – x
7 2
3 5
=4 – 14

21 − 10
= 28
11
= 28
5 1 12
2 – x
6 9 13
Answer
5 1 12
= – x
6 9 13
5 1 4
= – x
6 3 13
5 4
= –
6 39
57
= 78
4 1 10
3 65 – 34 x 17
Answer
4 1 10
= 65 – 34 x 17
16 − 5 10
= 3 x
20 17
11 10
= 320 x 17
71 10
= 20 x 17
71 1
= x
2 17
71
= 34
3
=2
34
2 1 1
4 17 x –
3 14
Answer
2 1 1
= 17 x –
3 14

9 1 1
= x –
7 3 14
3 1 1
=7 x –
1 14
3 1
=7 – 14
6− 1
= 14
5
= 14
9 3 2
5 – x
10 4 3
Answer
9 3 2
= 10 – x
4 3
18 − 15 2
= x
20 3
3 2
= x
20 3
1 1
= 10 x 1
1
= 10
1 1 3
6 213 – 42 x 35
Answer
1 1 3
= 213 – 42 x 35
1 9 18
= 213 – x
2 5
1 9 9
= 213 – x
1 5
1 81
= 213 – 5
1 1
= 213 – 165
5− 3
=5 15

2
= 515
1 1 1
7 74 x 32 – 17
Answer
1 1 1
= 74 x 32 – 17
29 7 1
= x – 17
4 2
203 1
= –1
8 7
3 1
= 258 – 17
21 −8
= 24 56
13
= 2456
1 1 1
8 74 – 32 x 15
Answer
1 1 1
= 74 – 32 x 15
1 7 6
= 74 – x
2 5
1 21
= 74 – 5
1 1
= 74 – 45
5−4
=3 20
1
= 320
1 1 1
9 64 – 22 x 35
Answer
1 1 1
= 64 – 22 x 35

1−2 1
=4 x 35
4
(1+4) −2 1
=3 x 35
4
5 −2 1
=3 x 35
4
3 1
= 34 x 35
15 16
= x
4 5
3 4
=1 x 1
= 12
3 1 1
10 35 x 93 – 42
Answer
3 1 1
= 35 x 93 – 42
3 1 1
= 35 x 93 – 42
3 2−3
=3 x5
5 6
3 (2+6) − 3
= 35 x 4 6
3 8−3
= 35 x 4 6
3 5
= 35 x 46
18 29
= x
5 6
3 29
=5 x 1
87
= 5
2
= 17 5

EXERCISE 6H: SOLVING PRACTICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING BASIC OPERATIONS ON FRACTIONS
Solve the following:
7 1 3
1 Take away the sum of 28 and 12 from 54
7 1 3
28 + 12 – 54
Answer
3 7 1
= 54 – 28 + 12
3 7+4
= 54 – 1 8
3 11
=5 – 1
4 8
23 19
= –
4 8
46 − 19
= 8
27
= 8
3
= 38
1 3
2 The product of two fractions is 15. One of the fractions is 7. Find the other fraction
10
and multiply it by 21
3 1 10
÷ 15 x
7 21
Answer
3 1 10
= ÷ 15 x
7 21
3 6 10
=7÷5 x 21
3 5 10
=7x6 x 21
1 5 10
=7x2 x 21
14 10
= x
5 21
2 2
=1 x 3

4
=3
1
= 13
3 2 3
3 Multiply the sum of 65 and 13 by 48
3 2 3
65 + 13 x 48
Answer
3 2 3
= 6 +1 x4
5 3 8
9 + 10 3
=7 x 48
15
19 3
= 715 x 48
124 35
= x
15 8
62 7
= x
3 4
31 7
= x
3 2
217
= 6
1
= 366
3 1 1
4 Add 64 to 58 and divide the result by 34
3 1 1
64 + 58 ÷ 34
Answer
3 1 1
= 64 + 58 ÷ 34
6+ 1 1
= 11 ÷ 34
8
7 1
= 118 ÷ 34
95 13
= ÷
8 4
95 4
= x
8 13

95
= 26
17
= 326
2 1 3
5 Find the difference between 43 and the product of 35 and 4
2 1 3
43 – 35 x 4
Answer
2 1 3
= 4 –3 x
3 5 4
2 16 3
= 43 – x4
5
2 4 3
= 43 – x
5 1
2 12
= 43 – 5
2 2
= 43 – 25
10 − 6
=2 15
4
= 215
2 1 3
6 What must be added to the sum of 135 and 22 to make 174?
3 2 1
174 – 135 + 22
Answer
3 2 1
= 174 – 135 + 22
3 4+5
= 174 – 15 10
3 9
= 174 – 1510
15 − 18
=2 20
(15 + 20) − 18
=1 20
35 − 18
=1 20

17
= 120
1 1
7 Mary had 26kg of rice. She received another 36kg of rice from her friend. If she
5
decided to put the rice into bags of 39kg each, how many bags were required for all
the rice?
1 1 5
26kg + 36kg ÷ 39kg
Answer
1 1 5
= 26kg + 36kg ÷ 39kg
1+1 5
=5 kg ÷ 39kg
6
2 5
= 56kg ÷ 39kg
32 32
= kg ÷ kg
6 9
32 9
= kg x 32kg
6
1 3
= 2kg x 1kg
3
=2
1
= 12
1 1
8 A carpenter had 42m of plank. He used 14m to make a big picture frame. How many
smaller picture frames will she make from the remaining plank if the picture frame
1
requires 4m?
1 1 1
42m – 14m ÷ 4m
Answer
1 1 1
= 42m – 14m ÷ 4m
2 −1 1
=3 m ÷ 4m
4
1 1
= 34m ÷ 4m

13 1
= m ÷ 4m
4
13 4
= m x 1m
4
13 1
= m x 1m
1
= 13 picture frames

UNIT 7 BASIC OPERATIONS ON DECIMALS
EXERCISE 7A: ADDING AND SUBTRACTING DECIMALS
1 6.285 + 2.006 – 5.394
Answer
6.285
+ 2.006
8.291
– 5.394
2.897
2 2.013 + 3.21 – 4.342

Answer
2.013
+ 3.21
5.223
– 4.342
0.881
3 97.3 – 107.29 + 43.621

Answer
97.3
+ 43.621
140.921
– 107.29
33.631

4 33.031 – 40.21 + 19.6
Answer
33.031
+ 19.6
52.631
– 40.21
12.421
5 0.002 – 0.493 + 0.536

Answer
0.002
+ 0.536
0.538
– 0.493
0.045
6 11.704 + 0.2 – 9.196

Answer
11.704
+ 0.2
11.904
– 9.196
2.708

7 (1.207 – 0.362) + 0.009
Answer
1.207
– 0.362
0.845
+ 0.009
0.854
8 704.2 – 296.25 + 19.6

Answer
704.2
+ 19.6
723.8
– 296.25
427.55

EXERCISE 7B: MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING DECIMALS
1 5.6 x 12.08 ÷ 0.4
Answer
= 5.6 x (12.08 x 10 ÷ 0.4 x 10)
5.6 x 120.8
= 4
= 5.6 x 30.2
30.2
x 5.6
1812
+1510
169.12
2 149.12 ÷ 23.3 x 62.8

Answer
= (149.12 x 10 ÷ 23.3 x 10) x 62.8
= (1491.2 ÷ 233) x 62.8
1491.2
= 233
= 6.4 x 62.8
62.8
x 6.4
2512
+3768
401.92

3 110.942 ÷ 2.6 x 59.64
Answer
= (110.942 x 10 ÷ 2.6 x 10) x 59.64
= 1109.42 ÷ 26
1109.42
= 26
= 42.67 x 59.64
42.67
x 59.64
17068
25602
38403
+ 21335
2544.8388
= 2544.84 (to 2 decimal places)
4 48.3 x 764.443 ÷ 37.9

Answer
= 48.3 x (764.443 x 10 ÷ 37.9 x 10)
48.3 x 7644.43
= 379
= 48.3 x 20.17
20.17
x 48.3
6051
16136
+ 8068
974.211

5 2.04 x 0.16 ÷ 0.8
Answer
= 2.04 x (0.16 x 10 ÷ 0.8 x 10)
2.04 x 1.6
= 8
= 2.04 x 0.2
2.04
x 0.2
408
+000
0.408
6 9.7 x 1.82 ÷ 0.14

Answer
= 9.7 x (1.82 x 10 ÷ 0.14 x 10)
9.7 x 18.2
= 1.4
= 9.7 x 13
9.7
x 13
291
+97
126.1

7 4.5 x 2.4 ÷ 0.06
Answer
= 4.5 x (2.4 x 10 ÷ 0.06 x 10)
4.5 x 24
= 0.6
= 4.5 x 40
4.5
x 40
00
+180
180.0
= 180
8 960.048 ÷ 1.2 x 14.4

Answer
= (960.048 x 10 ÷ 1.2 x 10) x 14.4
= (9600.48 ÷ 12) x 14.4
9600.48
= 12
= 800.04 x 14.4
800.04
x 14.4
320016
320016
+ 80004
11520.576

9 226 ÷ 1.13 x 97.105
Answer
= (226 ÷ 1.13) x 97.105
226
= 1.13
= 200 x 97.105
97.105
x 200
00000
00000
+194210
19421.000
= 19421
10 42.06 x 1.4 ÷ 0.28

Answer
= 42.06 x (1.4 x 10 ÷ 0.28 x 10)
= 42.06 x (14 ÷ 2.8)
42.06 x 14
= 2.8
= 42.06 x 5
42.06
x 5
210.30
= 210.3

EXERCISE 7C: ADDING AND MULTIPLYING DECIMALS
1 0.13 x 1.63 + 0.8973
Answer
(0.13 x 1.63) + 0.8973
0.13
x1.64
52
78
+ 13
0.2132
+ 0.8973
1.1105
2 6.5 x (1.63 + 5.97)

Answer
6.5 x (1.63 + 5.97)
1.63
+ 5.97
7.60
x 6.5
3800
+ 4560
49.400
= 49.4

3 20.41 + 4.5 x 2.2
Answer
20.41 + (4.5 x 2.2)
4.5
x 2.2
90
+ 90
9.90
+ 20.41
30.31
4 (16.38 + 5.62) x 48.13

Answer
(16.38 + 5.62) x 48.13
16.38
+ 5.62
22.00
x 48.13
6600
2200
17600
+ 8800
1058.8600
= 1058.86

5 501.371 + 98.93 x 2.3
Answer
501.371 + (98.93 x 2.3)
98.93
x 2.3
29679
+ 19786
227.539
+ 501.371
728.910 = 728.91
6 (16.11 + 12.5) x 3.8

Answer
(16.11 + 12.5) x 3.8
16.11
+ 12.5
28.61
x 3.8
22888
+8583
108.718
7 0.46 x 3.15 + 0.801

Answer
(0.46 x 3.15) + 0.801
0.46
x 3.15
230
46
+ 138
1.4490
+ 0.801
2.2500

8 34.19 + 4.1 x 6.8
Answer
34.19 + (4.1 x 6.8)
4.1
x 6.8
328
+ 246
27.88
+ 34.19
62.07
EXERCISE 7D: ADDING AND DIVIDING DECIMALS

1 0.1524 ÷ 0.6 + 0.75
Answer
(0.1524 x 10 ÷ 0.6 x 10) + 0.75
1.524 ÷ 6 + 0.75
0. 2 5 4
6 1. 5 2 4
– 0
1 5
– 1 2
3 2
– 3 0
2 4
– 2 4
0
= 0.254 + 0.75
= 1.004

2 (6.36 + 9.05) ÷ 6.7
Answer
(6.36 + 9.05) ÷ 6.7
= 6.36 + 9.05
= (15.41 x 10 ÷ 6.7 x 10)
= 154.1 ÷ 67
2. 3
67 1 5 4. 1
– 1 3 4
0 2 0
– 0 0
2 0 1
– 2 0 1
0 0
= 2.3
3 584.79 + 332.26 ÷ 14.8

Answer
584.79 + (332.26 x 10 ÷ 14.8 x 10)
584.79 + 3322.6 ÷ 148)
2 2. 4 5
148 3 3 2 2. 6
– 2 9 6
3 6 2
– 2 9 6
6 6 6
– 0 0 0
6 6 6
– 5 9 2
7 4 0
– 7 4 0
0 0 0
= 584.79 + 22.45
= 607.24
4 0.5446 ÷ (0.049 + 0.091)

Answer
0.5446 ÷ (0.049 + 0.091)
= 0.049 + 0.091
= 0.14
= (0.5446 x 100 ÷ 0.14 x 100)
= 54.46 ÷ 14
3. 8 9
14 5 4. 4 6
– 4 2
1 2
– 0 0
1 2 4
– 1 1 2
0 1 2 6
– 1 2 6
0 0 0
= 3.89

5 0.67 + 0.95 ÷ 1.9
Answer
= 0.67 + (0.95 x 10 ÷ 1.9 x 10)
= 0.67 + 9.5 ÷ 19
0. 5
19 9. 5
– 0
9 5
– 9 5
0 0
= 0.67 + 0.5
= 1.17
6 5.495 ÷ 0.35 + 11.06

Answer
= (5.495 x 100 ÷ 0.35 x 100) + 11.06
= 549.5 ÷ 35 + 11.06
1 5. 7
35 5. 4 9. 5
– 3 5
1 9 9
– 1 7 5
2 4
– 0 0
2 4 5
– 2 4 5
0 0 0
= 15.7 + 11.06
= 26.76

7 0.27 ÷ (0.06 + 0.03)
Answer
= 0.27 ÷ (0.06 + 0.03)
= 0.27 ÷ 0.09
= 0.27 x 100 ÷ 0.09 x 100
= 27 ÷ 9
9 2 7
– 2 7
0 0
=3
EXERCISE 7E: SUBTRACTING AND DIVIDING DECIMALS

1 0.832 – 0.0648 ÷ 0.8
Answer
= 0.832 – (0.0648 x 10 ÷ 0.8 x 10)
= 0.832 – 0.648 ÷ 8
0. 0 8 1
8 0. 6 4 8
– 0
0 6
– 0
6 4
– 6 4
0 8
– 0 8
0

= 0.832 – 0.081
= 0.751
2 (113.55 – 43.87) ÷ 6.7

Answer
= (113.55 – 43.87) ÷ 6.7
= (69.68 x 10 ÷ 6.7 x 10)
= 696.8 ÷ 67
1 0. 4
67 6. 9 6. 8
– 6 7
0 2 6
– 0 0
2 6
– 0 0
2 6 8
– 2 6 8
0 0 0
= 10.4
3 38.361 ÷ (79.6 – 77.7)

Answer
= 38.361 ÷ (79.6 – 77.7)
= (38.361 x 10 ÷ 1.9 x 10)
= 383.61 ÷ 19

2 0. 1 9
19 3. 8 3. 6 1
– 3 8
0 0 3
– 0 0
3 6
– 1 9
1 7 1
– 1 7 1
0 0 0
= 20.19
4 (1.089 – 0.6543) ÷ 0.23

Answer
= (1.089 – 0.6543) ÷ 0.23
= 0.4347 ÷ 0.23
= (0.4347 x 100 ÷ 0.23 x 100)
= 43.47 ÷ 23
1. 8 9
23 4 3. 4 7
– 2 3
2 0
– 0 0
2 0 4
– 1 8 4
2 0 7
– 2 0 7
0 0 0
= 1.89

5 4.9 ÷ 0.07 – 36.12
Answer
= (4.9 x 100 ÷ 0.07 x 100) – 36.12
= 490 ÷ 7 – 36.12
7 0
7 4 9 0
– 4 9
0 0 0
– 0 0 0
0 0
= 70 – 36.12
= 33.88
6 0.081 ÷ 2.7 – 0.023

Answer
= (0.081 x 10 ÷ 2.7 x 10) – 0.023
= 0.81 ÷ 27 – 0.023
0. 0 3
27 0. 8 1
– 0
0 8
– 0
8 1
– 8 1
0 0
= 0.03 – 0.023
= 0.007

7 26.688 ÷ (16.06 – 11.89)
Answer
= 26.688 ÷ (16.06 – 11.89)
= 26.688 ÷ 4.17
= 26.688 x 100 ÷ 4.17 x 100
= 2668.8 ÷ 417
6. 4
417 2 6 6 8. 8
– 2 5 0 2
1 6 6
– 0 0 0
1 6 6 8
– 1 6 6 8
0 0 0
5
= 6.4
EXERCISE 7F: SUBTRACTING AND MULTIPLYING DECIMALS

1 6.1 x 0.8 – 3.97
Answer
= 6.1 x 0.8 – 3.97
6.1
x 0.8
4.88
+ 3.97
0.91

2 (208.1 – 198.8) x 10
Answer
= (208.1 – 198.8) x 10
= 9.3 x 10
9.3
x 10
00
+ 93
93.0
= 93
3 15.36 x 3.15 – 39.791

Answer
= 15.36 x 3.15 – 39.791
15.36
x 3.15
7680
1536
+ 4608
48.3840
– 39.791
8.5930
= 8.593
4 0.891 – 0.7 x 0.98

Answer
= 0.891 – (0.7 x 0.98)
0.7
x 0.98
56
+ 63
0.686

= 0.891 – 0.686
= 0.205
5 13.89 x (103.1 – 98.6)

Answer
= 13.89 x (103.1 – 98.6)
= 13.89 x 4.5
13.89
x 4.5
6945
+ 5556
62.505
6 3.67 x 0.52 – 1.6997

Answer
= 3.67 x 0.52 – 1.6997
3.67
x 0.52
734
+1835
1.9084
– 1.6997
0.2087

7 0.69 x 0.4 – 0.199
Answer
= 0.69 x 0.4 – 0.199
0.69
x 0.4
0.276
– 0.199
0.077
EXERCISE 7G: SOLVING PRACTICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING BASIC OPERATIONS ON DECIMALS

1 Add 681.96 to the product of 12.8 and 7.5
Answer
= 681.96 + 12.8 x 7.5
12.8
x 7.5
640
+ 896
96.00
+ 681.96
777.96
2 Multiply the quotient of 178.4 and 14.8 by 10.28

Answer
= 178.4 ÷14.8 x 10.28
= (178.4 x 10 ÷14.8 x 10) x 10.28
= 1784 ÷148 x 10.28

1 2. 0 5 4
148 1 7 8 4
– 1 4 8
0 3 0 4
– 2 9 6
0 0 8 0
0 0
8 0 0
7 4 0
0 6 0 0
5 9 2
0 8
= 12.054 x 10.28
12.054
x 10.28
96432
24108
00000
+12054
123.91512
= 123.92 (to 2 decimal places)
3 Divide the product of 22.4 and 11.6 by 0.4

Answer
= (22.4 x 11.6) ÷ 0.4
22.4
x 11.6
1344
224
+224
259.84
= 259.84 ÷ 0.4

= (259.84 x 10 ÷ 0.4 x 10)
= 2598.4 ÷ 4
6 4 9. 6
4 2 5 9 8. 4
– 2 4
1 9
– 1 6
0 3 8
– 3 6
0 2
– 0
2 4
– 2 4
0 0
= 649.6
4 By how much is the quotient of 71.4 and 10.5 less than 10?
Answer
= 71.4 ÷ 10.5 – 10
= 10 – (71.4 x 10 ÷ 10.5 x 10)
= 10 – 714 ÷ 105
6. 8
105 7 1 4
– 6 3 0
0 8 4
– 0 0
8 4 0
– 8 4 0
0 0 0
= 10 – 6.8
= 3.2

5 By how much does 76.2 exceed the sum of 49.002 and 12.15?
Answer
= 76.2 – (49.002 + 12.15)
= 76.2 – 61.152
= 15.048
6 Maria bought 7.5kg of meat at K350.50 per kilogram. If she had K395.80 remaining,
how much money did Maria have before she bought the meat?
Answer
= 7.5kg x K350.50 + K395.80
350.50
x 7.5
175250
+ 245350
2628.750
= K2628.750 + K395.80
K2628.75
+ K 395.80
K3024.55
7 Mr Banda bought 51.5 packets of rice each weighing 0.25kg. If 0.949kg were eaten,
how many kilograms of rice were remaining?
Answer
= 51.5 x 0.25kg – 0.949kg
51.5
x 0.25
2575
+ 1030
12.875

= 12.875kg – 0.949kg
12.875
– 0.949
11.926
8 Mrs Phiri had 89.73kg of maize. She then bought 202.17kg of maize from local traders.
If she decided to put the maize into the bags each weighing 55.6kg, how many bags
did she have?
Answer
= (89.73kg + 202.17kg)
= 291.90kg ÷ 55.6kg
= (291.90kg x 10 ÷ 55.6kg x 10)
= 2919kg ÷ 556kg
5. 2 5
556 2 9 1 9
– 2 7 8 0
0 1 3 9
– 0 0 0
1 3 9 0
1 1 1 2
0 2 7 8 0
– 2 7 8 0
0 0 0 0
= 5.25 bags

REVIEW EXERCISE
1 0.21 x 1.21 ÷ 0.264
Answer
= 0.21 x (1.21 x 1000 ÷ 0.264 x 1000)
0.21 x 1210
= 264
0.21 x 605
= 132
127.05
= 132
= 0.9625
2 20.46 + (16.67 – 13.319)

Answer
= 20.46 + (16.67 – 13.319)
= 20.46 + 3.351
= 23.811
3 Multiply 795.75 by 3.6 and divide the result by 50.

Answer
= (795.75 x 3.6) ÷ 50
= 2864.7 ÷ 50
= 57.294

4 Add the product of 22.5 and 8.9 to 198.93.
Answer
= (22.5 x 8.9) + 198.93
= 200.25 + 198.93
= 399.18
5 A tailor had 14.3 m of cloth. He bought 20.9 m of the same type of cloth. He used all
the cloth to make dresses. If a dress was made from 3.2 m of cloth, calculate the
number of dresses that were made.
Answer
= (14.3 m + 20.9 m) ÷ 3.2 m
= 35.2 ÷ 3.2 m
= 11 dresses
6 Subtract 11.81 from 26.51 and divide the result by 4.2

Answer
= (11.81 – 26.51) ÷ 4.2
= 14.7÷ 4.2
= 3.5
7 Multiply the difference between 701.62 and 689.91 by 2.3

Answer
= (701.62 – 689.91) x 2.3
= 11.71 x 2.3
= 26.933

8 The product of two numbers is 814.20. The smallest number is 23.6. Find the sum of
the two numbers.
Answer
= 23.6 x m = 814.20
23.6 814.20
xm=
23.6 23.6
m = 34.5
∴ 23.6 + 34.5 = 58.1

UNIT 8: APPROXIMATION AND ESTIMATION
EXERCISE 8A: EXPRESSING NUMBERS UP TO 4 DECIMAL PLACES
Express the following to the given number of decimal places:
1 Express the following to 2 decimal places
a. 109.5462kg
Answer
109.5462kg becomes 109.55kg to 2 decimal places
b. 0.0615
Answer
0.0615 becomes 0.06 to 2 decimal places

a. 145.52456
Answer
b. 0.125964
Answer
c. 23.41045
Answer

a. 26.809462
Answer
b. 36.008089
Answer
c. 90.34623m
Answer
90.34623m becomes 90.3462m to 4 decimal places
EXERCISE 8B: CHANGING DECIMALS TO MIXED NUMBERS

Express the following as mixed numbers:
1 80.05
Answer
5
80.05 = 80100
1
= 8020
2 750.075
Answer
75
750.075 = 7501000
15
= 750200
3
= 75040

3 16.24
Answer
24
16.24 = 16100
12
= 1650
6
= 1625
4 30.002
Answer
2
30.002 = 301000
1
= 30500
5 62.126
Answer
126
62.126 = 621000
63
= 62500
6 2.673
Answer
673
2.673 = 21000
673
= 21000

7 3.38
Answer
38
3.38 = 3100
19
= 350
8 9.494
Answer
494
9.494 = 91000
247
= 9500
9 1.1235
Answer
1235
1.1235 = 110000
247
= 12000
10 15.044
Answer
044
15.044 = 15
1000
22
= 15500
11
= 15250

EXERCISE 8C: CHANGING MIXED NUMBERS TO DECIMALS
Express the following mixed numbers to decimals and write your answers to 2 decimal places:
7
1 128
Answer
7 103
128 = 8
= 12.875
= 12.88
2
2 103
Answer
2 32
103 = 3
= 10.66666….
=10.67
1
3 26
Answer
1 13
26 = 6
= 2.16666…
= 2.17
2
4 3
9
Answer
2 29
39 = 9
= 3.22222…
= 3.22

1
5 203
Answer
1 61
203 = 3
= 20.33333….
= 20.33
2
6 83
Answer
2 26
83 = 3
= 8.66666…
=8.67
3
7 157
Answer
3 108
157 = 7
= 15.42857…
= 15.43
4
8 11
7
Answer
4 81
117 = 7
= 11.5714…
=11.57

5
9 412
Answer
5 53
412 = 12
= 4.41666…
= 4.42
5
10 76
Answer
5 47
76 = 6
= 7.8333…
= 7.83
EXERCISE 8D: EXPRESSING NUMBERS UP TO 3 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

Express the following numbers to the given number of significant figures:
1 6748 (1 significant figure)
Answer
6748 becomes 7000 to 1 significant figure
2 4560.3 (2 significant figures)

Answer
4560.3 becomes 4600 to 2 significant figures

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer
7 52.98603 (1 significant figure)

Answer
52.98603 becomes 50 to 1 significant figure

Answer
0.4567 becomes 0.457 to 3 significant figures

Answer

Answer
NB: Significant figures are numbers that must be retained whatever the position of
the decimal point.
All the digits or figures in the number are important or significant.

UNIT 9: RATE, RATIO AND PROPORTION
EXERCISE 9A: SOLVING PRACTICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING SPEED
1 A motorist takes 3 hours to cover 147km. Find the speed at which the motorists was
travelling.
Answer
Distance
Speed = Time
147km
Speed =
3hrs
= 49km/hr
2 The distance covered by a cyclist from one town to another is 217km. Find the speed
if 7 hours was taken to cover the distance.
Answer
Distance
Speed = Time
217km
Speed = 7hrs
= 31km/hr
3 A lorry covers a distance of 600km in 8 hours. A car covers the same distance in 5
hours. Calculate:
a. the speed of the lorry to the car
Answer
Distance
Speed = Time
600km
Speed of a lorry = 8hrs
= 75km/hr

600km
Speed of a car = 5hrs
= 120km/hr
b. the time each of the two vehicles arrived if both of them started off at 6 o’clock
in the morning.
Answer
Time takes by a lorry = 6 o’clock + 8 hours
= 14 hours
= 2 o’clock in the afternoon
Time takes by a car = 6 o’clock + 5 hours

= 11 hours
= 11 o’clock in the morning
4 If a learner covers a distance of 6km to school in 1½ hours, find her speed.

Answer
Distance
Speed = Time
6km
= 1½hrs
6km
=3
hrs
2
6km 3
= ÷2
1
6km 2
= x3
1
= 4km/hr

EXERCISE 9B: SIMPLIFYING RATIOSTO THEIR LOWEST TERMS
Simplify the following ratios to their lowest terms:
1 42:96
Answer
42:96
42
= 96
21
= 48
7
= 16
= 7:16
2 186:240
Answer
186:240
186
= 240
31
= 40
= 31:40
3 99:189
Answer
99:189
99
= 189
33
= 63
11
= 21
= 11:21

4 Find the ratio of teachers to their learners at a school if there are 6 teachers and 804
learners.
Answer
The ratio of teachers to learners
= 6:804
6
= 804
3
= 402
1
= 134
= 1:134
5 A Standard 2 class has 120 mathematics books, 142 English books and 130 Chichewa
books. Find:
a. the ratio of Chichewa books to mathematics books
Answer
the ratio of Chichewa books to mathematics books
= 130:120
130
= 120
65
= 60
13
= 12
= 13:12

b. the ratio of English books to Chichewa books
Answer
the ratio of English books to Chichewa books
= 142:130
142
= 130
71
= 65
= 71:65
c. the ratio of English books to mathematics books

Answer
the ratio of English books to mathematics books
= 142:120
142
= 120
71
= 60
= 71:60
d. the ratio of Chichewa books to English books to mathematics books

Answer
the ratio of Chichewa books to English books to mathematics books
= 130:142:120
= 65:71:60

6 The price of a car is ten times as much as the price of a sofa set. If the car cost
K750,000.00, what was the price of the sofa set?
Answer
The ratio of a car is 1:10
∴ The price of sofa set is K750,000.00 ÷ 10
K750,000
= 10
= K75,000
EXERCISE 9C: SHARING QUANTITIES IN GIVEN RATIOS USING UNITARY METHOD

1 James, Jane and Judith shared biscuits in the ratio of 4:7:3. If they had 112 biscuits.
How many did each one of them get?
Answer
Ratio = 4:7:3
Total parts of the ratio = 4 + 7 + 3 = 14
112
One share = 14
= 8 biscuits
James’ share = 8 x 4 = 32 biscuits
Jane’s share = 8 x 7 = 56 biscuits
Judith’s share = 8 x 3 = 24 biscuits

2 The ratio of the number of bricks used to build a house, a kitchen and a toilet is
10:3:2. If the three buildings used 165,000 bricks, how many bricks were used on
each of the buildings?
Answer
Ratio = 10:3:2
165,000
One share = 15
= 11,000 bricks
house’s share = 11,000 x 10 = 110,000 bricks
kitchen’s share = 11,000 x 3 = 33,000 bricks
toilet’s share = 11,000 x 2 = 22,000 bricks
3 A school has 1,612 learners from Singano, Mandala and Nsigala Villages in the ratio
12:10:9 respectively. Find the number of learners from each village.
Answer
Ratio = 12:10:9
1612
One share = 31
= 52 learners
learners from Singano Village = 52 x 12 = 624 learners
learners from Mandala Village = 52 x 10 = 520 learners
learners from Nsigala Village = 52 x 9 = 468 learners

4 Tadala shared sweets to Taonga and Upile in the ratio of 5:7. If Upile got 42 sweets:
a. How many sweets did Taonga get?
Answer
Ratio = 5:7
If 7 = 42 sweets
Then 5 = less sweets
5
Taonga’s share = 7 x 42
= 30 sweets
b. How many sweets were there altogether?

Sweets altogether = 30 + 42
= 72 sweets
EXERCISE 9D: USING PROPORTION IN SHARING QUANTITIES

1 A farmer has 126 bags of maize, beans and rice. For every bag of maize he has 2 bags
of beans and 3 bags of rice. How many bags of each has the farmer?
Answer
Total number of bags = 126
Ratio of the bags for maize : beans : rice
is 1 : 2 : 3
Total parts of the share = 1 + 2 + 3
=6
1
∴ number of bags of maize = 6 x 126
= 21 bags

2
number of bags of beans = 6 x 126
= 2 x 21
= 42 bags
3
number of bags of rice = 6 x 126
= 3 x 21
= 63 bags
2 Luso and Lennie shared 30kg of sugar. Luso took 3kg for every 2kg Lennie took. How
much did each take?
Answer
Total mass of sugar = 30kg
Ratio of the mass of sugar for Luso : Lennie
is 3kg : 2kg
Total parts of the share = 3 + 2
=5
3
∴ Luso took = 5 x 30
=3x6
= 18kg
2
Lennie took = x 30
5
=2x6
= 12kg

3 Divide 110 sweets amongst Chimwemwe, Chifundo and Mphatso such that for every
2 sweets Chimwemwe gets, Chifundo gets 3 and Mphatso gets 5. How many sweets
did each receive?
Answer
Total number of sweets = 110
Ratio of the sweets for Chimwemwe : Chifundo : Mphatso
is 2 : 3 : 5
= 10
2
∴ number of sweets for Chimwemwe = 10 x 110
= 2 x 11
= 22 sweets
3
number of sweets for Chifundo = 10 x 110
= 3 x 11
= 33 sweets
5
number of sweets for Mphatso = 10 x 110
= 5 x 11
= 55 sweets
4 A bed and a table cost K3,000. A bed costs twice as much as a table. How much does
each cost?
Answer
Total cost = K3,000
Ratio of the cost for bed : table
is 2 : 1

=3
2
∴ cost for the bed = 3 x K3,000
= 2 x 1000
= K2,000
1
Cost for the table = 3 x K3,000
= 1 x K1000
= K1,000
5 A pencil and a book cost K720. A book costs eight times as much as a pencil. How
much does each cost?
Answer
Total = K720
Ratio of the cost for a pencil : a book
is 1 : 8
=9
1
∴ the cost for a pencil = 9 x K720
= 1 x 80
= K80
8
the cost for a book = 9 x K720
= 8 x 80
= K640

REVIEW EXERCISE
1 The perimeter of a triangle is 60cm. The lengths of the three sides are in the
proportion 3:4:5. Find the length of the three triangles.
Answer
Total length of a triangle = 60cm
Ratio of the length of side A : side B : side C
is 3 : 4 : 5
= 12
3
∴ length for side A = 12 x 60
=3x5
= 15cm
4
length for side B = 12 x 60
=4x5
= 20cm
5
length for side C = 12 x 60
=5x5
= 25cm

2 A farmer feeds 14 cows for 42 days on a field of pasture. How long can he feed the
cows if he puts 7 more cows on the field?
Answer
14 cows = 42 days
14 + 7 cows = 21 cows
∴ 21 cows can feed less days
14
= 21 x 42 days
2
= x 42
3
= 2 x 14
= 28 days
3 20 men can build a house in 84 days. How many will be needed to build it in 4 days?
Answer
20 men = 84 days
∴ To build the same house in 4 days will need more men
84
= x 20 men
4
21
= x 20
1
= 21 x 20
= 420 men

4 Divide 105 sweets amongst Thelma, Godfrey and Tina, so that for every 2 sweets
Thelma receives Godfrey receives 3 and for every 4 sweets Godfrey receives Tina
receives 5. How many sweets did each receive?
Answer
Total number of sweets = 105 Clue
Ratio of the sweets for Thelma : Godfrey : Tina 2 3 5
is 2x4: 3x4 : 3x5
8 : 12 : 15 4
8 12 15
Total parts of the share = 8 + 12 + 15 Note: Arrows show
directions of
= 35 multiplication and
105 stars show results
= 35 after multiplying
=3 under each number
∴ number of sweets for Thelma = 8 x 3

= 24 sweets
number of sweets for Godfrey = 12 x 3

= 36 sweets
number of sweets for Tina = 15 x 3

= 45 sweets

1 3 2
5 Divide 370 oranges amongst Thoko, Joyce and Stanley in the ratio of ∶ ∶ . How
2 8 3
many oranges does each learner get?
Answer
Thoko Joyce Stanley
1 3 2
2 8 3
1 3 2
Total parts = + +
2 8 3
1 3 2
+ +
2 8 3
12 + 9 + 16
24
37
24
1 37
Thoko = ÷ x 370
2 24
= 120 oranges
3 37
Joyce = ÷ x 370
8 24
= 90 oranges
2 37
Stanley = ÷ x 370
3 24
= 160 oranges

6 A train covered 50km in 15 minutes. Find the speed of the train.
Answer
distance
Speed = time
50km
= 15 minutes
= 3.3km/minute
7 A bus leaves Lilongwe at 7 am and arrives Zomba at 10:30 am. It covered 300km.
Find the speed of the bus.
Answer
distance
Speed = time
From 7 am to 10:30 am = 3 hours 30 minutes

300km
∴ Speed = 3hrs 30 mins
300
= 1
3
2
300
== 7
2
300 7
= ÷2
1
300 2
= x7
1
600
= 7
= 85.7km/hr
Ratio is used when comparing two or more numbers or quantities. Ratios can express
comparisons of a part to a whole.
A rate is a comparison of the measures of two different things or quantities with different units.
A proportion is a statement of equality between two ratios. It describes how related any two
ratios are.

UNIT 10: PERCENTAGES
EXERCISE 10A: EXPRESSING PERCENTAGES AS FRACTIONS
Express the following percentages as fractions:
1 80%
Answer
80
80% = 100
4
=5
2 47%
Answer
47
47% = 100
3 96%
Answer
96
96% = 100
24
= 25
4 2%
Answer
2
2% = 100
1
= 50

5 18%
Answer
18
18% = 100
9
= 50
6 120%
Answer
120
120% = 100
6
=5
1
= 15
7 6%
Answer
6
6% =
100
3
= 50
8 147%
Answer
147
147% = 100
47
= 1100
9 84%
Answer
84
84% = 100
21
= 25

10 50%
Answer
50
50% = 100
1
=2
EXERCISE 10B: EXPRESSING FRACTIONS AS PERCENTAGES

Express the following fractions as percentages:
1
1 5
Answer
1 1
= 5 x 100%
5
= 20%
3
2 4
Answer
3 3
= 4 x 100%
4
= 3 x 25
= 75%
1
3 25
Answer
1 1
= 25 x 100%
25
= 4%

1
4 12
Answer
1 1
12 = 12 x 100%
3
= 2 x 100%
= 3 x 50
= 150%
4
5 3
Answer
4 4
= 3 x 100%
3
400
= 3
= 133.33%
2
6 83
Answer
2 2
83 = 83 x 100%
26
= x 100%
3
2600
= 3
= 866.67%
4
7 5
Answer
4 4
= 5 x 100%
5
= 80%

1
8 204
Answer
1 1
204 = 204 x 100%
81
= x 100%
4
= 2025%
3
9 20
Answer
3 3
= 20 x 100%
20
=3x5
= 15%
17
10 100
Answer
17 17
= 100 x 100%
100
= 17%
EXERCISE 10C: EXPRESSING PERCENTAGES AS DECIMALS

Express the following percentages as decimals:
1 41%
Answer
41
41% = 100
= 0.41

2 28%
Answer
28
28% = 100
= 0.28
3 150%
Answer
150
150% = 100
= 1.5%
4 99%
Answer
99
99% = 100
= 0.99
5 80%
Answer
80
80% = 100
= 0.8
6 265%
Answer
265
265% = 100
= 2.65

7 275%
Answer
275
275% = 100
= 2.75
8 11%
Answer
11
11% = 100
= 0.11
9 7%
Answer
7
7% = 100
= 0.07
10 211%
Answer
211
211% = 100
= 2.11
EXERCISE 10D: EXPRESSING DECIMALS AS PERCENTAGES

Express the following decimals as percentages:
1 0.33
Answer
33
0.33 = 100
33
as a percentage
100

33
= 100 x 100%
= 33%
2 0.641
Answer
0.641 = 0.64 to 2 decimal places
64
0.64 = 100
64
as a percentage
100
64
= 100 x 100%
= 64%
3 2.83
Answer
283
2.83 = 100
283
as a percentage
100
283
= 100 x 100%
= 283%
4 9.3
Answer
930
9.3 = 100
930
as a percentage
100
930
= x 100%
100
= 930%

5 6.2
Answer
620
6.2 = 100
620
as a percentage
100
620
= 100 x 100%
= 620%
6 1.577
Answer
158
1.58 = 100
158
as a percentage
100
158
= 100 x 100%
= 158%
7 0.954
Answer
95
0.95 = 100
95
as a percentage
100
95
= 100 x 100%
= 95%

8 0.008
Answer
1
0.01 = 100
1
as a percentage
100
1
= 100 x 100%
= 1%
9 3.41
Answer
341
3.41 = 100
341
as a percentage
100
341
= 100 x 100%
= 341%
10 0.4
Answer
40
0.4 = 100
40
as a percentage
100
40
= 100 x 100%
= 40%

EXERCISE 10E: SOLVING PRACTICAL PROBLEMS INVOLING PERCENTAGES
1 A farmer harvested 4,000kg of maize and sold 3,000kg. What percentage of maize
did she sell?
Answer
Total maize = maize sold + maize left
= 3000kg + 1000kg
= 4000kg
maize sold
∴ Percentage of maize sold = total maize x 100%
3000
= 4000 x 100%
3
= 4 x 100%
= 3 x 25
= 75%
2 Ndola village has 560 adults and 2,240 children. Find the percentage of children in
Ndola.
Answer
Total population = adults + children
= 560 + 2,240
= 2800
number of children
∴ Percentage of children = x 100%
total population
560
= x 100%
2800
560
= %
28
= 20%

3 Chisomo scored 90% in a maths test. If the test was marked out of 20, what marks
did Chisomo get?
Answer
marks scored
Marks Chisomo got out of 20 = x 20
total marks
90
= 100 x 20
=9x2
= 18 marks
4 A district has 856,450 people. If 2% of these are HIV positive, how many people are
HIV positive?
Answer
2
Number of HIV positive people = 100 x 856,450
1712900
= 100
= 17,129 people
5 A tobacco farmer sold 450 bales of tobacco at the auction floors. If 60% of the bales
were sold at K25,000.00 each and the remaining bales were sold at K20,000.00 each,
how much money did he make altogether?
Answer
Total bales sold = 450
60
60% of 450 = 100 x 450
= 6 x 45
= 270 x K25,000
= K6,750,000
Number of remaining bales = 450 – 270

= 180 x K20,000

= K3,600,000
Total amount of money the farmer made = K6,750,000 + K3,600,000
= K10,350,000
REVIEW EXERCISE
1 Express the following percentages as fractions:
a. 58%
Answer
58
58% = 100
29
= 50
b. 225%
Answer
225
225% =
100
9
=4
1
= 24
2 Express the following fractions as percentages:

1
a. 22
Answer
1 1
22 = 22 x 100%
5
= 2 x 100%
= 5 x 50
= 250%

8
b. 17
Answer
8 8
= 17 x 100%
17
800
= 17
= 47.06%
3 Express the following percentages as decimals:

a. 513%
Answer
513
513% = 100
= 5.13
b. 79%
Answer
79
79% = 100
= 0.79
4 Express the following decimals as percentages:

a. 0.4622
Answer
46
0.46 = 100
46
as a percentage
100
46
= 100 x 100%
= 46%

b. 1.12333
Answer
112
1.12 = 100
112
as a percentage
100
112
= 100 x 100%
= 112%
5 A well is 3½ m deep. If it has water up to the depth of 1.75m, what percentage of

the well holds water?
Answer
1
Depth of the well = 32
depth held by water
∴ Percentage of depth held by water = x 100%
total depth
1.75
= x 100%
3.5
= 50%
Compiled by Zikomo Masese Banda 0991295167/0881871947
REFERENCES
MIE (2008) Mathematics Learner’s Book for Standard 7, Domasi; MIE.
MIE (2008) Mathematics Teacher’s Guide for Standard 7, Domasi; MIE.

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MATHEMATICS

QUESTIONS AND MODEL ANSWERS

BY ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 0999246769

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 1 0999246769/0881871947

STANDARD 7 MATHEMATICS QUESTIONS AND MODEL ANSWERS

2. 30,000,000 27,500,000 ______________ _____________ 20,000,000

EXERCISE 1B: COUNTING IN DIFFERENT INTERVALS UP TO 1,000,000,000

2. 600,000,000 ____________ 700,000,000 750,000,000 _____________

3. 200,000,000 205,000,000 ____________ ___________ 220,000,000

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 2 0999246769/0881871947

2. 365,000,000 285,000,000 291,000,000 327,000,000 295,000,000

3. 800,000,000 650,000,000 750,000,000 850,000,000 700,000,000

4. 102,500,000 103,500,000 101,500,000 102,000,000 103,000,000

5. 45,000,000 50,900,000 40,000,000 47,500,000 42,000,000

6. 802,100,000 802,205,000 801,407,000 801,700,000 802,400,000

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 3 0999246769/0881871947

2. 708,000,000 892,000,000 586,000,000 1,000,000,000 904,000,000

3. 740,990,125 725,642,001 385,000,500 740,990,050 830,860,210

4. 816,002,000 403,000,019 670,100,000 185,750,025 505,340,000

5. 87,060,000 88,500,000 87,500,000 88,050,000 87,005,000

6. 930,450,000 903,054,600 1,000,000,000 999,999,997 989,000,000

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 4 0999246769/0881871947

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 5 0999246769/0881871947

EXERCISE 1F: WRITING NUMBERS IN FIGURES

2. Six hundred and eighty million, twenty thousand and seven

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 6 0999246769/0881871947

5. Eight hundred and forty one million and thirty eight

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 7 0999246769/0881871947

Hindu-Arabic numerals Roman numerals

2 Which Roman numerals represent the following Hindu-Arabic numerals: 1, 5, 10?

EXERCISE 2B: WRITING ROMAN NUMERALS UP TO 20

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 8 0999246769/0881871947

EXERCISE 2C: EXPRESSING ROMAN NUMERALS IN HINDI-ARABIC NUMERALS

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 9 0999246769/0881871947

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 10 0999246769/0881871947

2. XI, IV, II, XIX

3. VI, XIX, XIV, III, V

4. V, XVIII, VI, XI, XX, VII

5. XIII, VII, I, XVII

EXERCISE 2E: ARRANGING ROMAN NUMERALS IN DESCENDING ORDER

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 11 0999246769/0881871947

3. XIII, VIII, XI, XVI

4. III, XII, IX, XV, XIX

5. XVIII, IV, XIX, XI, XX

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 12 0999246769/0881871947

In some cases, two rules are applied to write Roman numerals

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 13 0999246769/0881871947

2. 4,358 + 974 – 2,703

3. 39,492 + 3,420 – 23,425

4. 2,000,000 – 5,000,000 + 4,500,000

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 14 0999246769/0881871947

5. 221,500 – 294,025 + 125,250

6. 70,541 + 14,683 – 69,822

7. 13,589 – 15,273 + 18,500

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 15 0999246769/0881871947

9. 7,500,895 – 3,945,150 + 580,204

10. 856,040,000 – 925,632,125 + 320,862,225

EXERCISE 3B: MULTIPLYING AND DIVING NUMBERS

ZIKOMO MASESE BANDA 16 0999246769/0881871947

2. 30,000,000 27,500,000 __ _ 20,000,000

2. 600,000,000 700,000,000 750,000,000 _

3. 200,000,000 205,000,000 __ _ 220,000,000