مح٢ ج

Introduction of psychiatry
Part 2
‫عمار يوسف القدسي‬.‫ د‬:‫اعداد‬
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT MENTAL ILLNESS
• Mental illness is caused by supernatural power and is the result of a curse or

possession by evil spirit: because of past sins or misdeeds in previous life.
• Mentally ill people are dangerous: People who have or had a mental illness are
viewed with suspicion and as dangerous persons.
• Mental illness is something to be ashamed of: This idea arouses an
unsympathetic, cruel attitude towards a mentally ill person. This is the reason
why many people hide mental illness in the family.
• Mental illness is not curable: People object to have normal relationship with
mentally ill people, or to give them employment even after being cured.
• Mental illness is contagious: The fear that it is contagious is the main false
notion which leads people to view suspiciously, or object to marital relations with
a person belonging to the household of the mentally ill.
• Mental illness is always hereditary: It is not a rule that children of mentally ill
patients should also will become mentally ill.
• Marriage can cure mental illness: A mentally ill person can get worse if he gets
married when he is ill, as marriage can become an additional stress. A patient who
has recovered can get married and live a normal life like any other person.
• Mental hospitals are places where only dangerous mentally ill individuals are
treated and restraint is a major form of treatment therefore, people seek help
from mental hospitals only as a last resort.
• The psychiatric drugs may will cause addiction.
What is the difference between a PSYCHOSIS and a NEUROSIS?
PSYCHOSIS NEUROSIS
Schizophrenia. Anxiety disorders, panic disorders.
Manic depression (bipolar). Post-traumatic stress.

Whole of personality affected. Part of personality affected.
Lacks insight – Does not recognize they have Has insight (recognizes they have a problem).
problem.
Loses contact with reality. Retains contact with reality.
No obvious cause. Often begins as a response to a Stressors.
Hallucinations and delusions. Absent.
Not normal behavior. Exaggeration of normal behavior.
Treated mainly by physical methods. Treated mainly by psychological methods.
CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS

At present there are two major classifications in psychiatry, namely, ICD 10 and
DSM 5.
I. ICD 10 (International Statistical Classification of Disease and

Related Health.
II. American Psychiatric Association’s (Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders DSM–5).
Features of Mental Illness

The features of mental illness are classified under four headings
1. Disturbances in bodily functions
2. Disturbances in mental functions
3. Changes in individual and social activities
4. Somatic complaints
1.DISTURBANCES IN BODILY FUNCTIONS:
Sleep: Disturbed sleep throughout the night, or no sleep at all, or difficulty in

falling asleep, or waking up in the middle of night and failing to fall asleep again.
lethargy and lack of freshness in the morning.
Appetite and food intake: Increased appetite or decreased appetite, weight loss
or weight gain, nausea, vomiting.
Bowel and bladder movement: Diarrhea or constipation, increased micturition,

bedwetting.
Sexual desire and activity: Decreased interest in sex, premature ejaculation,

impotence or lack of sexual satisfaction. In some conditions there can be
excessive sexual desire or lack of social inhibitions.
2.DISTURBANCES IN MENTAL FUNCTIONS:
Attention and concentration: decrease he may get distracted easily.
Memory: Patient may lose his memory and start forgetting important matters.
Intelligence and judgment: Patient loses reasoning skills and abilities, may not be
able to perform.
simple arithmetic, or commits mistakes in routine work.
Level of consciousness: In some mental illnesses due to possible brain damage
there may be changes in the level of consciousness.
Patient fails to identify his relatives: He can be disoriented to time and place. He
may remain confused or become unconscious.
3.CHANGES IN SOCIAL ACTIVITIES:
 Patients may neglect their bodily needs and personal hygiene.
 The patient may also lose social sense. They behave in an inappropriate manner
in social situations and embarrass others.
 They behave strangely with their family members, friends, colleagues and
others. They may insult, abuse/ assault them.
4.SOMATIC COMPLAINTS:
Patient may complain of aches and pains in different parts of the body, fatigue,
weakness, involuntary movements, etc.
MENTAL HEALTH TEAM.

The multidisciplinary team includes:
• A Psychiatrist
• A Psychiatric nurse
• A Clinical psychologist
• A Psychiatric social worker
• An Occupational therapist or an Activity therapist
• A Pharmacist and a dietitian
• A Counselor
When should I see a psychiatrist?
If you have any of the following symptoms or experiences, you may want to
consider seeing a psychiatrist or telling your primary healthcare provider:
 Inability to manage or control your emotions.

 Continuous or frequent episodes of anger or rage.
 Excessive or irrational fears.
 Engaging in risky behavior.
 Excessive worrying and/or sadness.
 Significant changes in sleep patterns.
 Substance use.
 Eating disorders.
 Declining performance in school or work.
 Withdrawal from social situations.
 Thoughts of self-harm.
Remember, there’s no shame in having or seeking help for a mental health

condition. The sooner you seek help and treatment; the sooner you’ll feel better.

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Introduction of psychiatry

• Mental illness is caused by supernatural power and is the result of a curse or

Manic depression (bipolar). Post-traumatic stress.

CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS

I. ICD 10 (International Statistical Classification of Disease and

Features of Mental Illness

1. Disturbances in bodily functions

2. Disturbances in mental functions

3. Changes in individual and social activities

Sleep: Disturbed sleep throughout the night, or no sleep at all, or difficulty in

Bowel and bladder movement: Diarrhea or constipation, increased micturition,

Sexual desire and activity: Decreased interest in sex, premature ejaculation,

MENTAL HEALTH TEAM.

When should I see a psychiatrist?

 Inability to manage or control your emotions.

Remember, there’s no shame in having or seeking help for a mental health

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