RVS EDUCATIONAL TRUST’S GROUP

OF INSTITUTIONS
DINDIGUL-624 005

REGISTER NO: …………………………

Certified that this is a bonafide record of work done by

Mr. / Ms. ……………………………………………………………. In VI semester

AE8612 COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION LABORATORY in the department

of aeronautical during the academic year 2020 – 2021.

STAFF IN-CHARGE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

SUBMITTED FOR ANNA UNIVERSITY PRACTICALS EXAMINATION CONDUCTED

ON …………………….

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 CONTENTS

S.NO DATE NAME OF THE PAGE MARKS SIGN

EXPERIMENT
1 GRID INDEPENDENCE
STUDY AND
CONVERGENCE TEST
2 SIMULATION OF FLOW
OVER A BACKWARD
FACING STEP
3 SIMULATION OF KARMAN
VORTEX TRAIL (VORTEX
SHEDDING) USING
CIRCULAR CYLINDER
4 EXTERNAL FLOW
SIMULATION OF
SUBSONIC AND
SUPERSONIC AEROFOIL
5 INTERNAL FLOW
SIMULATION OF
SUBSONIC AND
SUPERSONIC FLOW
THROUGH NOZZLES
6 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
OF BARS, BEAMS AND
TRUSSES
7 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
OF TAPERED WING
8 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
OF FUSELAGE
STRUCTURE
9 ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE
LAMINATE STRUCTURES
10 HEAT TRANSFER
ANALYSIS OF
STRUCTURE
Ex. No: 1
Date:

GRID INDEPENDENCE STUDY AND CONVERGENCE TEST

USING A CYLINDER
AIM:
To study grid independence and convergence test using a cylinder
System Required:
 Ansys 10
 Windows XP OS
OPEN ANSYS WORKBENCH:
We are ready to do a simulation in ansys workbench by going to
Start Ansys 10 workbench
SET UP PROJECT:
To begin we need to tell Ansys what kind of simulation we are doing. Tool box
window is in the left the startup window. Take a look through different section. We
will be using FLUENT to complete solution.
CO-ORDINATES FILE:
There are five columns in Ansys. Co-ordinate data of those columns are:
First column : Group number
Second column: Group ID
Third column : X co-ordinates (-0.5 to 0.5)
Fourth column : X co-ordinates (A= Pi*r2)
Fifth column : X co-ordinates (0)
CREATE GEOMETRY:
Go to create geometry and by using vertices method enter co-ordinates and join
them by using 3 vertices triangle method and then copy the geometry by using the
angle method and then copy the geometry in the z direction. Then using loft
command we can complete backward facing step.
Now enable the normal/vector of the geometry and transform in one direction.
Check for errors and then proceed with the case set up and enter the simulation
parameters, initialization and boundary conditions.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION PROCEDURE

Governing equations

A single circular cylinder subjected to a uniform upstream air flow in an open

atmosphere is the physical model of the problem. Flow over the cylinder is
governed by the partial differential equations derived from the laws of
conservation of mass (continuity equation) and momentum (Navier–Stokes
equations)

Computational domain

The governing equations have been applied in the computational domain of the
physical model. The application of appropriate boundary conditions at the cylinder
surface and at the outer boundary is crucial for accurate simulation.

GRID INFLUENCE

Grid independency was achieved in this study according to the procedure outlined
by Yunus A. cengel and Michael A. Several meshes, with increasing refinement,
were tested to ensure that the solution was independent of the mesh. These meshes
and the drag coefficient (CD) predictions are reported.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION:

 Under solution method > spatial discretization

Set gradient to least square based
Set flow to second order upwing
 Under solution > moniters
Residuals
Set all residual convergence criteria to 1 e-6
 Under solution > solution initialization
Select standard initialization and compute from inet.
 Under run calculation
Set number of iteration to 150
Calculate
Grid independence study of cylinder

Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2
Result:
Thus the grid independence study and convergence test of a cylinder is performed.
Ex. No: 2
Date:

SIMULATION OF FLOW OVER A BACKWARD FACING STEP

AIM:
To simulate the flow over a backward facing step.
System Required:
 Ansys 10
 Windows XP OS
OPEN ANSYS WORKBENCH:
We are ready to do a simulation in ansys workbench by going to
Start Ansys 10 workbench
SET UP PROJECT:
To begin we need to tell Ansys what kind of simulation we are doing. Tool box
window is in the left the startup window. Take a look through different section. We
will be using FLUENT to complete solution.
CO-ORDINATES FILE:
There are five columns in Ansys. Co-ordinate data of those columns are:
First column : Group number
Second column: Group ID
Third column : X co-ordinates (-0.5 to 0.5)
Fourth column : X co-ordinates (A= Pi*r2)
Fifth column : X co-ordinates (0)
CREATE GEOMETRY:
Go to create geometry and by using vertices method enter co-ordinates and join
them by using 3 vertices triangle method and then copy the geometry by using the
angle method and then copy the geometry in the z direction. Then using loft
command we can complete backward facing step.
Now enable the normal/vector of the geometry and transform in one direction.
Check for errors and then proceed with the case set up and enter the simulation
parameters, initialization and boundary conditions.
PHYSICAL MODELS:
In the physical models enable the turbulence modeling and solver should be
selected as RNG-e and put the remaining values as default.
Enter the grid control values and click on apply.
OUTPUT AND POST PROCESSING:
Post variable selection and the output files are default values.
Output data is given as 1000 cycles and the output is stored after 1000 cycles.
Post processing is actually done to get the desired output by running the
simulation.
Flow features of backward facing step flow

Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2
RESULT:
Thus simulation of flow over a backward facing step has been executed
successfully.

Ex. No: 3
Date:
 SIMULATION OF KARMAN VORTEX TRAIL (VORTEX
SHEDDING) USING CIRCULAR CYLINDER
AIM:
To simulate Karman vortex trail (vortex shedding) using circular cylinder.
SYSTEM REQUIRED:
 Ansys 10
 Windows XP OS
OPEN ANSYS WORKBENCH:
We are ready to do a simulation in ansys workbench by going to
Start Ansys 10 workbench
SET UP PROJECT:
To begin we need to tell Ansys what kind of simulation we are doing. Tool box
window is in the left the startup window. Take a look through different section. We
will be using FLUENT to complete solution.
CO-ORDINATES FILE:
There are five columns in Ansys. Co-ordinate data of those columns are:
First column : Group number
Second column: Group ID
Third column : X co-ordinates (-0.5 to 0.5)
Fourth column : X co-ordinates (A= Pi*r2)
Fifth column : X co-ordinates (0)
PHYSICAL MODEL:
i. Diameter of circular cylinder, D= 2m
ii. Distance of inner boundary from the centre of circular cross section= 10 D
iii. Distance of outer boundary from the centre of circular cross section= 20 D
iv. Width of inner and outer boundaries from either side of central plane= 5D
NUMERICAL MODEL:
Mesh:
 In order to adopt triangular elements ‘all triangles methods’ are used.
 In order to increase the number of elements surrounding the cylinder, ‘ edge
sizing’ is implemented at the circular edge.
 Body fitted mesh around the cylinder given.
 Globally, element size 0.025 is adopted.
Material properties:
For both steady state and transient analysis, a working fluid with desirable
properties is created.
Boundary and initial conditions:
The solution is initialized using a hybrid initialization. The boundary conditions
are initialized for both steady state and transient analysis.
Solver:
Pressure based solver with absolute formulation of velocity is adopted. Simple
algorithm formation:
i. Least square cell based discritization for gradients.
ii. Second order discritization for pressure.
iii. Second order upward spatial discretization for velocity.
iv. For transient solver, a time step of 0.1s with a first order implicit temporal
discritization scheme is used.
Karman vortex flow past a cylinder
 Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2

RESULT:
Thus simulation of Karman vortex flow (vortex shedding) using circular
cylinder has been executed successfully.
Ex. No: 4
Date:

EXTERNAL FLOW SIMULATION OF SUBSONIC AND

SUPERSONIC AEROFOIL
AIM:
To simulate external flow of subsonic and supersonic aerofoil.

SYSTEM REQUIRED:
 Ansys 10
 Windows XP OS
OPEN ANSYS WORKBENCH:
We are ready to do a simulation in ansys workbench by going to
Start Ansys 10 workbench
SET UP PROJECT:
To begin we need to tell Ansys what kind of simulation we are doing. Tool box
window is in the left the startup window. Take a look through different section. We
will be using FLUENT to complete solution.
CO-ORDINATES FILE:
There are five columns in Ansys. Co-ordinate data of those columns are:
First column : Group number
Second column: Group ID
Third column : X co-ordinates (-0.5 to 0.5)
Fourth column : X co-ordinates (A= Pi*r2)
Fifth column : X co-ordinates (0)

Launch Design Modeler

Before we launch the design modeler, Right click geometry and select Properties.
In the Geometry Window, select Analysis Type > 2D. Now, double click geometry
to launch the Design Modeler. When prompted, select Meters as the unit of
measurement.
We will create the geometry of the airfoil.

Create Mesh:

Click on Mesh to bring up the Meshing Toolbar

Select Mesh Control > Mapped Face Meshing
Select Geometry > Apply
Go to Mesh Control > Sizing. Next, click the edge selection filter
Once the edges are selected, in the Details View Window select Geometry >
Apply. Next, select Type > Number of Divisions. Change the Number of
Divisions to 50. Select Behavior > Hard.
Give the edge sizing a Bias Factor of 150.
Select Mesh > Generate to generate the mesh

Physics Setup:

We will open fluent and define the boundary conditions of the problem.

Set the boundary values of inlet, outlet and the airfoil.

Numerical Solution:

Methods

First, go to Solution > Solution Methods. Flow the selection is Second Order
Upwind.

Monitors

Go to Solution > Monitors. In the Monitors Window, look under Residuals,

Statistic, and Force Monitors. Select Residuals - Print, Plot and press Edit. In
the Residual Monitors Window, we want to change all of the Absolute
Criteria to 1e-6. This will give us some further trust in our solution.

Initial Guess
Go to Solution > Solution Initialization. In the Solution Initialization Window,
select Compute From > Inlet. Ensure the values that appear are the same values
we inputted in Step 5, initialize the solution by clicking ‘Initialize’. To solve Go
to Solution > Run Calculation. Then click on calculate.
External Flow past an aerofoil
 Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2

RESULT:
Thus simulation of external flow of subsonic and supersonic aerofoil has
been executed successfully.
Ex. No: 5
Date:

INTERNAL FLOW SIMULATION OF SUBSONIC AND

SUPERSONIC FLOW THROUGH A CD NOZZLE
AIM:
To simulate internal flow of subsonic and supersonic flow through a CD nozzle.

SYSTEM REQUIRED:
 Ansys 10
 Windows XP OS
PROBLEM SPECIFICATION:
Consider air flowing at high speed through a convergent – divergent nozzle having
a circular cross sectional area, that varies with axial distance from the throat x
according to the formula, A= 0.1+ x2 ; -0.5< x < 0.5
OPEN ANSYS WORKBENCH:
We are ready to do a simulation in ansys workbench by going to
Start Ansys 10 workbench
SET UP PROJECT:
To begin we need to tell Ansys what kind of simulation we are doing. Tool box
window is in the left the startup window. Take a look through different section. We
will be using FLUENT to complete solution.
CO-ORDINATES FILE:
There are five columns in Ansys. Co-ordinate data of those columns are:
First column : Group number
Second column: Group ID
Third column : X co-ordinates (-0.5 to 0.5)
Fourth column : X co-ordinates (A= Pi*r2)
Fifth column : X co-ordinates (0)
CREATE THE GEOMETRY:

 Drag fluid flow (FLUENT) to the project schematic.

 Rename it 2D Nozzle.
 Right click on Geometry > property.
 Ansys type > 2D
 Double click on Geometry to open up design model.
 Select meters as option
 Go to top menu, click on concept > 3D curve
For co ordinate, file > browse and select nozzle coordinate.
 Click on the concept > surface (edges). click on all four edges.
 Generate.

SUPPRESS LINE BODIES:

 Right click on Mesh > Insert > Mapped face Meshing

 Click on face of the geometry > apply
 Right click on Mesh > insert > facing
 Click on select body icon > click on geometry > apply
 Under element size enter 0.025 m
 Generate

NUMERICAL SOLUTION:

 Under solution method > spatial discretization

Set gradient to least square based
Set flow to second order upwing
 Under solution > moniters
Residuals
Set all residual convergence criteria to 1 e-6
 Under solution > solution initialization
Select standard initialization and compute from inet.
 Under run calculation
Set number of iteration to 150
Calculate
Internal flow through diffuser

Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2
RESULT:
Thus simulation of internal flow of subsonic and supersonic flow through
diffuser has been executed successfully.
Ex. No: 6
Date:

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BAR, BEAM AND TRUSS

AIM:

To perform structural analysis of bar, beam and truss.

SYSTEM REQUIRED:

 Pro-e wildfire 2
 Ansys10
 Windows XP
 2 GB RAM, 320 GB HDD

PROCEDURE:

 Design and model bar, beam and truss pro- e part design.
 Save it in .iges format separately.
 Open Ansys and run structural analysis and import wing model from .iges
format to ansys through
File menu > Import >.iges > browser > choose model > import without
modification
 Continue ansys workbench, choose an approximate element type and add a
material properties.
 Mesh the model using free mesh or mesh attribute.
 Through solution fix boundary condition and apply load acting on composite
laminate.
 Solve ‘solution’ is done’.
 Through general post process plot the result and through nodal displacement
we can see the stress distribution.
 Structural analysis of beam

Structural analysis of truss:

 Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2

RESULT:

Thus the structural analysis of bar beam and truss are performed successfully.
Ex. No: 7
Date:

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TAPERED WING

AIM :

To perform a structural analysis of a tapered wing using Ansys – 10

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT :

Pro – E wildfire 2

Ansys – 10,

Windows – XP,

2 – GB RAM, 320 – GB HOD

PROCEDURE :

 Design a tapered wing model using Pro – E part design

 Save it in .iges format separately
 Open Ansys and run structural analysis and import wing model
from .iges format to Ansys through

File menu →Impact → .iges → Browes → Chase model → Import without

modificationn

 Coontinue Ansys work bench, choose an approximate element type

without modifaction and add a material property
 Mesh the model wing free mesh or using mesh attitude
 Go to solution and choose analysis type and fix end conditions and
gire load applied on nodes on appropriate nodu like engine load, fuel
load…,etc
 Fix DOF .al one end and free another end.
 Solve . “Solution is done” mestage should come or else repeat for the
correction.
 Open .Gen post processor → plot result → def + under shape
 Go to ger part processor plot result and through nodal displacement
pollution and w can see the stress distribution.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TAPERED WING

Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2

RESULT:
Thus the structural analysis of tapered wing is performed.
Ex. No: 8
Date:

STRUTURAL ANALYSIS OF A FUSELAGE STRUCTURE

AIM :

To perform a structural analysis of an aircraft fuselage using ansys – 10

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT :

 Pro – E wildfire 2
 Ansys – 10
 Windows XP
 2 – GB RAM , 320 GB HDD

PROCEDURE :

 Design an aircraft fuselage model using Pro – E part design

 Save it in .iges format separately
 Open Ansys and run structural analysis and import aircraft fuselage
without modification in .igo format.

File menu → Import → .iges →Browse → choose model → import without

modification.

 Continue Ansys workbench, choose an approximate element type and

add a material properties
 Mesh the model using .free mesh or using mesh attribute
 Go to solution and choose analysis type and fix end conditions and
gire load applied on nodes on appropriate node like passenger load,
luggage, pilot…,
 Fix .Dof at appropriate points and apply boundary condition
 Solve “ solution is done ” mauage should come or clurepat for the
correction.
 Open .gen. post posser → plot result →def +undef.shop

Go to .gen.post processor plot result and through needed solution and w can see the
stress distribution.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF FUSELAGE STRUCTURE

Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2
RESULT:

Thus the structural analysis of fuselage structure is successfully completed.

Ex. No: 9
Date:

ANALYSIS OF A COMPOSITE LAMINATE STRUCTURE

AIM :

To perform structural analysis of composite laminate structure using Ansys.

SYSTEM REQUIRED :

 Ansys – 10
 Windows XP

PROCEDURE :

 Design and model a composite laminate using shell element and give
material properties and real constant
 Assign degree of angle to each laminate and thickness.
 Using .free mesh or mesh attribute perform mesh.
 Through solution, fix boundary condition and apply load acting on
composite laminate.
 Solve “solution is done”
 Through general post processor, see the deformation shape of a
composite laminate and through nodal solution we can see the stress
distribution
 Save the document
ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE LAMINATE STRUCTURES

Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2
RESULT:

Thus the composite laminate structure is analyzed successfully.

Ex. No: 10
Date:

HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE

AIM:

To analyze heat transfer of a structure in ansys.

SYSTEM REQUIRED:

 Ansys10
 Windows XP

OPEN ANSYS WORKBENCH:

 We are ready to do a simulation in ansys workbench by going to
 Start Ansys 10 workbench
SET UP PROJECT:
 To begin we need to tell Ansys what kind of simulation we are doing. Tool
box window is in the left the startup window. Take a look through different
section. We will be using FLUENT to complete solution.
CO-ORDINATES FILE:
 There are five columns in Ansys. Co-ordinate data of those columns are:
 First column : Group number
 Second column: Group ID
 Third column : X co-ordinates (-0.5 to 0.5)
 Fourth column : X co-ordinates (A= Pi*r2)
 Fifth column : X co-ordinates (0)
Solution Phase:
Define Analysis Type
Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static
ANTYPE,0

Read in the Thermal Environment

 Solution > Physics > Environment > Read

Choose thermal and click OK.

If the Physics option is not available under Solution, click Unabridged

Menu at the bottom of the Solution menu. This should make it visible.

Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On
Keypoints

Set the temperature of Keypoint 1, the left-most point, to 348 Kelvin.

Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

SOLVE

Close the Solution Menu

Main Menu > Finish

It is very important to click Finish

Read in the Structural Environment

Solution > Physics > Environment > Read

Choose struct and click OK.

Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoints

Fix Keypoint 1 for all DOF's and Keypoint 2 in the UX direction.

Include Thermal Effects

 Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Temperature > From
Thermal Analysis

Define Reference Temperature

Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Settings > Reference Temp

For this example set the reference temperature to 273 degrees Kelvin.

Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

SOLVE
Post processing:
Post processing is actually done to get the desired output of heat transfer analysis.
HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH A CYLINDER

Performance 5

Report 3

VIVA 2

RESULT:
Thus the heat transfer through a structure is analyzed using ansys.