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    Copy of Isabella Licata - Biotechnology Project

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    Copy of Isabella Licata - Biotechnology Project

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    Copy of Isabella Licata - Biotechnology Project

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    of 23

    Biotechnology

    Project Part 1
    Use the links provided to answer the questions about each type of biotechnology. Add at least
    one picture related to each concept.
    DUE: 10/11
    DNA Fingerprinting
    https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dna-fingerprinting-overview
    ● Definition: a chemical test that shows the genetic makeup of a person or other
    living things.
    ● How much of each person's genome is identical?: 99.6%
    ● How does DNA fingerprinting reveal unique parts of the genome? How is it
    displayed?: Uses chemicals to separate strands of DNA and reveal the unique parts of your
    genome. The results show up as a pattern of stripes that can be matched against other
    samples.
    ● What are 6 uses of DNA fingerprinting?: A chemical test that shows the genetic
    makeup of a person or other living things
    ● Where can DNA be extracted from? Blood
    ● What causes the strips of DNA to separate? What are they separated by?:
    helicase attaches to and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between the bases on the
    DNA strands
    Who is most likely the father to the offspring?

    Male 1

    Who is most likely committed the crime?

    Suspect 1
    PCR
    https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Polymerase-Chain-Reaction
    -Fact-Sheet
    What does PCR stand for?: Polymerase chain reaction
    What is PCR?: A fast and inexpensive technique used to “amplify”- copy - small segments of DNA.
    What are some uses of PCR? DNA fingerprinting, detection of bacteria or viruses (particularly
    AIDS), and diagnosis of genetic disorders.

    Make bullets show the steps of PCR.


    -Heated so the DNA denatures, or separates into two pieces of single-stranded DNA
    -An enzyme called "Taq polymerase" synthesizes - builds - two new strands of DNA, using the original strands as
    templates

    -Each of the strands can be used to create new copies two new copies.

    -Repeat.
    https://www.osfhealthcare.org/blog/pcr-vs-rapid-covid-19-test-whats-the-difference
    /#:~:text=The%20PCR%20test%20takes%20a,PCR%20test%20will%20detect%2
    0it.

    How is the PCR COVID test different from the antigen test? (Compare benefits
    and drawbacks)
    Unlike the PCR test, the antigen test can only determine if you have an active virus in your body.
    The rapid test can't detect small amounts of the virus or asymptomatic cases as accurately as the
    PCR test can.
    Cloning

    You will use the following website to complete the tasks:


    https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/
    WHAT IS CLONING?

    Click WHAT IS CLONING:


    What are clones? Organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every single bit of
    their DNA is identical.

    What was the first animal cloned? Her name? Dolly the Sheep
    Why Clone?
    Click Why Clone?.
    List 6 reasons to use cloning and an example of how it has been used. (3 on the slide and 3 on next slide)

    Reason Example

    Making animal models to study and learn Mice


    about human diseases.

    Making stem cells Bone marrow transplant?

    Reviving endangered or extinct species The Bucardo Goat


    Why Clone? continued
    Reason Example

    Reproducing a deceased pet CC and Rainbow the cats

    Drug production Injecting a gene from a drug into the cows


    DNA

    Creating more livestock Cloning more animals that produce milk and
    meat (cattle and pigs)
    Gene Therapy
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxEoX6TkitY

    What is gene therapy? The introduction, removal, or change in genetic material

    How many genes to humans have? Between 20,000-25,000

    What are 3 ways that genes can be mutated? Errors in DNA replication during cell
    division and exposure to mutagens and/or a viral infection.
    How are genes inserted into cells? A vector is used to deliver the genes into the
    cell

    What is a vector? What vector is commonly used in gene therapy? A method of


    delivering gene into cell, and i virus vector is used.

    What is the difference between in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy? In vivo is
    whenever a cell in a patient’s body when the genes are added and ex vivo is when
    the cell is taken out of the body and the genes are added into the cell.
    Describe 4 risks of using gene therapy. Immune responses, off target effect,
    unforeseen mutations, long term consequences.

    What are some diseases that have shown some success using gene therapy?
    Certain types of inherited blindness, hemophilia.
    Stem Cells
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-marrow-transplant/in-depth/ste
    m-cells/art-20048117

    What are stem cells? Stem cells are the bodies raw materials

    Describe were stem cells come from. Embryos that are 3-5 days old, adult tissues,
    and amniotic fluids.
    How does stem cell therapy work? A form of regenerative medicine designed to
    repair damaged cells within the body by reducing inflammation and modulating the
    immune system.

    What treatment have shown success? Some types of cancers


    GMOs
    Research GMOs using the following websites. Then, complete the next few slides.
    ● https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/gmo-pros-and-cons?scrlybrkr=f601d4c0#
    definition
    ● https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324576?scrlybrkr=0e71705a#ho
    w-to-identify-gmo-foods
    ● https://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/gmo-crops-animal-food-a
    nd-beyond
    What are GMOs?
    Define: GMO- Any organism whose DNA has been modified using genetic
    engineering technology.

    Give at least 5 different examples (crops, livestock, medicines). Improving their


    growth, nutritional content, sustainability, pest resistance, and ease of farming.

    .
    Pros and Cons of GMOs (list at least 5 for each)
    Pros/Benefits Cons/Problems

    - Increased attractiveness to consumers - Allergic reactions


    - Cancer
    - Enhanced flavor
    - Antibacterial resistance
    - Longer shelf life therefore less waste - Changes in human DNA
    - Toxicity for body organs
    - Greater resistance to viruses and other
    diseases

    - Greater tolerance to herbicides


    What are your thoughts on GMOs?
    Write at least 5 sentences describing how you feel about GMOs. Use your
    research to support your thoughts.

    I feel like GMO would be good for the environment as it would have less waste
    since food products would last longer. There would also be less animals needed to
    be slaughtered daily for produce. But the GMO isn’t safe for good for the human
    body especially if it's consuming daily. It might be better if it was an alternative but
    there are still improvements being made. It’s kind of a 50/50 situation for me it is
    good but also bad as well.
    CRISPR
    https://crisprtx.com/gene-editing/crispr-cas9#:~:text=CRISPR%2FCas9%20%E2%
    80%93%20a%20specific%2C,precise%20regions%20of%20our%20DNA

    What is CRISPR? A segment of DNA containing short repetitions of base


    sequences involved in the defense mechanisms of prokaryotic organisms to
    viruses.

    How does it work? Edits genes by precisely copying DNA and then harnessing
    natural DNA repair processes to modify the gene in the desired manner.
    https://www.labiotech.eu/best-biotech/crispr-technology-cure-disease/

    List potential uses of CRISPR to cure diseases and disorders. Give a brief
    description of each.

    Can cut a specific DNA sequence by simply providing it with an RNA template of
    the target sequence. This allows scientists to add, delete or replace elements
    within the target DNA sequence.
    https://www.synthego.com/blog/crispr-agriculture-foods

    List 6 ways CRISPR is used in agriculture. Tomatoes, mushrooms, rice, citrus


    fruits, chocolate, and wheat all improves consumption.

    List 4 ways in which CRISPR could be used in the future of agriculture. Apples,
    cabbage, coffee, and corn.
    Biotech Argument Poster

    Project Part 2 You will be assigned one of the 7 forms of


    Biotechnology and given a stance (for or
    against).
    DUE: 10/12 You will create ONE slide defending your
    stance. Make sure to include the following:
    Assigned Biotechnology:
    Stance: 1. Clear Stance
    2. Explanation of your given biotech
    3. Pros (For) or Cons (Against)
    4. Catchy Slogan
    Against CRISPR

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