AP Psychology Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

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Answer Key: AP Psychology Answer Key

1. Jane is hired by a company to help improve their workplace. Over a few months,
Jane helps boost employee morale, designs new and efficient systems to improve
productivity, and develops a rewards system to reduce turnover rates. Jane is most likely
a…? (1.1)
A) Educational psychologist
B) Industrial-organizational psychologist
C) Counseling psychologist
D) Community psychologist
E) Psychiatrist

2. This individual is known as the “father of psychology”. They are credited with
opening the first psychology laboratory in at the University of Leipzig and creating the
school of thought known as structuralism. This person is…? (1.1)
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Mary Whiton Calkins
E) Wolfgang Köhler

3. The mean score on a test showing a normal distribution is 85 with a standard

deviation of 5 points. Parker gets his test back and sees he scored a 95. What percent of
students made a lower score than, or equal to, Parkers? (1.5)
A) 50%
B) 77.5%
C) 84.1%
D) 97.7%
E) 99.9%

4. After a neuron triggers an action potential, there is a period in which the neuron
cannot fire. During this period of time, the neuron repolarizes and returns to a resting
potential. This is known as…? (2.4)
A) A resting period
B) A neural break
C) A refractory period
D) Depolarization
E) Reuptake

5. Will is being taken to the hospital. He is having difficulty speaking and swallowing. In
addition, he reports a lot of pain in various parts of his body. After a quick blood test, the
doctors also determine that Will has hypercalcemia which they explain to him is the
overabundance of calcium in his blood. What structure in Will’s body is likely
malfunctioning? (2.2)
A) Hippocampus
B) Pineal Gland
C) Thyroid Gland
D) Parathyroid Gland
E) Adrenal Gland

6. A split-brain patient is asked to look at a red dot at the center of a monitor. While
doing so, an image of a cat is flashed on the left side of the monitor while an image of a dog
is flashed on the right side. When asked what they saw, what is the patient most likely to
say? (2.7)
A) “A brown dog popped up on the screen.”
B) “I saw a white kitten for a second.”
C) “There was this weird animal that showed up that looked like a cross between a cat and
dog.”
D) “Nothing on the screen changed, did it?”
E) “Oh, I’m afraid I can’t remember.”

7. Mary suddenly experienced a hypnotic jerk while lying down on her couch. This
hypnagogic sensation is characteristic of which stage of sleep? (2.9)
A) NREM-1
B) NREM-2
C) NREM-3
D) NREM-4
E) REM

8. What is the main downside of correlational studies? (1.2)

A) They lack reliability
B) They are subject to many confounding variables
C) They cannot show causal relationships
D) They can be diffiult to perform
E) All of the above

9. Broca's area is a region of the brain responsible for producing speech. Broca's area
is located in which area of the brain? (2.6)
A) Right Temporal
B) Right Frontal
C) Right Parietal
D) Left Temporal
E) Left Frontal
F) Left Parietal

10. A person who has been found taking heroin with the past hour is brought in to have
their endorphin levels tested. What is the most likely result? (2.8)
A) They will have excess endorphins
B) They will not show any change in endorphin levels
C) They will have less endorphins
D) They will have stopped producing endorphins
E) None of the above

11. What dream theory is most likely to agree with the statement, “Dreams are a result
of the brain interpreting meaningless neural noise”? (2.9)
A) Physiological function theory
B) Information-processing theory
C) Activation-synthesis theory
D) Wish-fulfillment theory
E) Cognitive development theory

12. Carter told Jason, “In order for you to notice a difference in the intensity of
stimulus, the stimulus must differ by a minimum percentage, not a minimum amount.”
Jason responded, “Of course, that’s ___.” What should Jason have said? (3.1)
A) The Law of Effect
B) Signal Detection Theory
C) Young-Helmholtz’s Theory
D) Weber’s Law
E) The Flynn Effect

13. The part of the neuron containing the nucleus is known as the…? (2.3)
A) Axon Terminals
B) Axon
C) Dendrites
D) Myelin Sheath
E) Soma

14. Drew is apart of a sleep study for the University of NYC, California, Americaland. His
electroencephalogram shows occasional sleep spindles and K-complexes. What stage of
sleep is Drew most likely in? (2.9)
A) NREM-1
B) NREM-2
C) NREM-3
D) REM
E) None of the above

15. This person is most well known for their research on splitting the brain through
severing of the corpus callosum. (2.7)
A) Roger Sperry
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Wernicke
D) Gustav Fechner
E) William James

16. An office worker doesn’t notice his coworker has switched out a picture of the man’s
family with a picture of the cast of “The Sopranos”. What concept best explains this
phenomenon? (3.2)
A) Transduction
B) Change blindness
C) Inattentional blindness
D) Difference threshold
E) Weber’s law

17. The process of a neuron taking in excess neurotransmitters from the synapse is
known as…? (2.4)
A) Absorption
B) Reuptake
C) Neuroplasticity
D) Aphasia
E) REM rebound

18. Matthew has recently begun to suffer “sleep attacks”. At seemingly random times of
the day he feels extremely tired for no apparent reason. On a few occasions, he has even
fallen asleep in the middle of routine tasks and woken up minutes later on the floor. He
goes to see a doctor. What diagnosis is the doctor most likely to make? (2.9)
A) Sleep Apnea
B) Insomnia
C) Bruxism
D) Restless Leg Syndrome
E) Narcolepsy

19. Which of the following structures play a role in maintaining balance? Choose all that
apply (3.7)
A) Reticular Formation
B) Cerebellum
C) Semicircular Canals
D) Cochlea
E) Basal Ganglia
F) Ossicles
G) All of the above

20. Joanne is conducting a case study. Which of the following statements best describes
what she will do? (1.2)
A) Joanne will ask around her local area for participants
B) Joanne will study a person of interest
C) Joanne will observe a person of interest as they go about their normal routine
D) Joanne will compare data from multiple age groups
E) Joanne will research a criminal case with the local police department

21. The smallest bones in the body are found in the…? (3.5)
A) Fingers
B) Ear
C) Foot
D) Neck
E) Eye

22. Which of the following most accurately describes the process of repolarization? (2.4)
A) The neuron becomes more positively charged and fires an action potential
B) The neuron becomes more positively charged during its refractory period
C) The neuron becomes more negatively charged and fires an action potential
D) The neuron becomes more negatively charged during its refractory period
E) None of the above

23. The muscle in the eye responsible for eye color is known as…? (3.3)
A) Cornea
B) Sclera
C) Iris
D) Lens
E) Retina

24. How long does echoic memory last? (5.1)

A) Microseconds
B) Milliseconds
C) Seconds
D) Minutes
E) Hours

25. Reagan wants to perform a study on the effect of certain new drugs on rats. Which
of the following organizations will Reagan need to contact to perform this study? (1.6)
A) IRB
B) IACUC
C) APA
D) FDA
E) DSM

26. Harmony is being examined by doctors after being found on the side of the road.
Harmony appears energetic and in a state of heightened emotions, suggesting a stimulant
dr0g being the culprit. In addition, she is making remarks to people who are not present.
What drug has Harmony most likely taken? (2.8)
A) Heroin
B) Caffeine
C) Cocaine
D) LSD
E) Ecstasy / MDMA

27. Alex T.’s favorite online game uses a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement. Which
of the following statements is most likely true? (4.3)
A) Every time Alex T. logs onto the game, it rewards him with 15 gold coins
B) Once a week, the game offers 2x EXP as an incentive for Alex T. to play more
C) After Alex T. has completed 10 quests, the game rewards him with an exclusive item
D) Alex T. opens daily loot crates to try an unlock his favorite character
E) All of the above are equally likely to be true

28. Which of the following are binocular cues of depth perception? Choose all that
apply. (3.4)
A) Retinal disparity
B) Binocular vision
C) Interposition
D) Convergence
E) Perceptual adaptation

29. This psychologist was best known for measuring the capacity of short-term memory
to be approximately 7 plus or minus 2 bits of information. (5.1)
A) George Miller
B) Elizabeth Loftus
C) Hermann Ebbinghaus
D) James Flynn
E) William Stern

30. The shortest form of memory is…? (5.1)

A) Long-term memory
B) Sensory memory
C) Short-term memory
D) Working memory
E) Nondeclarative memory
 31. The first woman to earn a PhD in psychology was…? (1.1)
A) Margaret Washburn
B) Mary Whiton Calkins
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Diana Baumrind
E) Jane Austen

32. Diana Baumrind identified four parenting styles. Which of the following is NOT a
parenting style identified? (6.2)
A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Authentic
D) Negligent
E) Permissive

33. Which stage of sleep would a person be most easily awakened from? (2.9)
A) Pre-NREM
B) NREM-1
C) NREM-2
D) NREM-3
E) REM

34. Trinity is presented with the following string of words: “Apple, Cat, Tornado, Cable,
Gong, Pin”. Which word will Trinity most likely remember a year later? (5.X)
A) Cat
B) Cable
C) Tornado
D) Apple
E) Gong

35. Astigmatism is a condition where a person’s __ is misshaped, leading to blurry or

fogged vision. (3.3)
A) Retina
B) Lens
C) Cornea
D) Pupil
E) Iris
 36. Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa both fall under what category of
psychological disorders? (8.6)
A) Mood disorders
B) Personality disorders
C) Schizotypal disorders
D) Eating disorders
E) Anxiety disorders

37. Carol Gilligan’s criticism of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development mostly centered
around…? (6.6)
A) Kohlberg did not use a double-blind procedure, thus making the results lack validity
B) The sample used by Kohlberg was not representative of the population
C) The sample used by Kohlberg was too small to be valid
D) Kohlberg did not use a placebo, thus making the result lack validity
E) Kohlberg did not use a placebo, thus making the results lack reliability

38. The mean score of a test was 88 with a standard deviation of 8 on a normal
distribution. What is the difference in percentile rank of a person who scored two standard
deviations above the mean and a person who scored two standard deviations below the
mean? (1.5)
A) 50%
B) 68%
C) 70%
D) 95%
E) 99%

39. A spanking would be best classified as…? (4.3)

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Positive punishment
D) Negative punishment
E) Shaping

40. Which of the following are stages in general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? Choose
ALL that apply (7.4)
A) Alarm
B) Fatigue
C) Resistance
D) Evade
E) Exhaustion

41. The gland most associated with the sympathetic nervous system is the…? (2.2)
A) Thyroid gland
B) Parathyroid gland
C) Pituitary gland
D) Hypothalamus
E) Adrenal gland

42. A person who is attracted to members of both sexes is…? (6.7)

A) Heterosexual
B) Homosexual
C) Asexual
D) Bisexual
E) Pansexual

43. The researchers responsible for identifying feature detectors, groups of neurons
critical in visual identification, were…? Choose two answers (3.1)
A) Ernest Weber
B) David Hubel
C) Gustav Fechner
D) Roger Sperry
E) Torsten Wiesel

44. Megan is trying to figure out if aggression changes with age. To do this, she surveys
diverse groups and conducts naturalistic observations while following ethical protocols.
Megan is most likely a…? (1.1)
A) Psychometric psychologist
B) Developmental psychologist
C) Evolutionary psychologist
D) Social psychologist
E) Behavioral psychologist

45. The Free Response Questions (FRQs) on the AP exam measure…? (5.4)
A) Iconic Memory
B) Echoic Memory
C) Recall
D) Recognition
E) Encoding

46. The tendency to favor and belief people who you identify with is known as…? (9.4)
A) Self-serving bias
B) Out-group homogeneity bias
C) Ingroup bias
D) Scapegoat theory
E) Other-race effect

47. Prozac and Zoloft fall under what category of drugs? (8.9)
A) Antianxiety drugs
B) Mood stabilizers
C) Antipsychotic drugs
D) Anti hallucinogenic drugs
E) None of the above

48. William James is best known for…? (1.1)

A) Creating structuralism
B) Becoming the first president of the APA
C) Opening the first psychology university in the U.S
D) Creating functionalism
E) Becoming the first person to earn a PhD in psychology

49. Which of the following bones are found inside the ear? Choose ALL that apply (3.5)
A) Incus
B) Ulna
C) Stapes
D) Talus
E) Lunate
F) Malleus

50. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, what skill will person have
developed at or around the age of 2? (6.3)
A) Conservation
B) Personality
C) Object permanence
D) Theory of mind
E) Abstract thinking

51. While a person is in the NREM-2 stage of sleep, they will most likely show…? (2.9)
A) Alpha waves
B) Beta waves
C) Theta waves
D) Delta waves
E) Gamma waves

52. According to Sigmund Freud, a virtuous man would be most influenced by his…?
(7.6)
A) Conscious
B) Unconscious
C) Ego
D) Superego
E) Id

53. Which of the following actions would be deemed moral by an individual in the
instrumental-exchange orientation of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? (6.6)
A) “I’m going to do this because otherwise I might get in trouble.”
B) “I’m going to do this because I expect something in return.”
C) “I’m going to do this so you will like me.”
D) “I’m going to do this because it’s the law.”
E) “I’m going to do this because its what I believe in.”

54. Meghan wakes up one day and looks down to see her lying in bed. She continues
watching as she appears to get up and go about her routine. What is Meghan most likely
experiencing? (8.5)
A) Dissociative amnesia
B) Borderline personality disorder
C) Dissociative fugue
D) Derealization disorder
E) Depersonalization disorder
 55. When each person in a population has an equal chance of being randomely
selected, what is being demonstrated? (1.3)
A) Random assignment
B) Stratified assignment
C) Experimenter bias
D) Stratified sampling
E) Random sampling

56. Where would nociceptors most likely be found? (3.7)

A) Face
B) Arms
C) Chest
D) Legs
E) All of the above

57. Parkinson’s disease is associated with an increase/decrease of what

neurotransmitter? (2.4)
A) Increase, Acetylcholine
B) Decrease, Acetylcholine
C) Increase, Dopamine
D) Decrease, Dopamine
E) Increase, GABA

58. Claire and Ashley are both studying for their AP Psychology tests. Claire spends 7
hours before the day of the test to learn all the information while Ashley studies for 1 hour
every day for an entire week before the test. Who will have learned the information better
and why? (5.2)
A) Claire will have learned the information better as she utilized the spacing effect to
ensure all the knowledge was fresh in her mind
B) Claire will have learned the information better as she utilized the testing effect to
practice applying the knowledge she learned
C) Ashley will have learned the information better as he utilized effortful processing to
properly encode and store the learned information
D) Ashley will have learned the information better as he utilized the spacing effect to
ensure all the knowledge was fresh in his mind
E) None of the above
 59. Which psychological phenomenon are most responsible for riots? Choose TWO that
apply. (9.4)
A) Social trap
B) Social inhibition
C) Diffusion of responsibility
D) Reciprocity norm
E) Halo effect

60. A psychologist studying the effects of family members on the development of

children throughout different parts of the world would most likely be following the…? (1.1)
A) Humanistic approach
B) Biological approach
C) Evolutionary approach
D) Sociocultural approach
E) Developmental approach

61. After driving by a park she used to play in during his childhood, Kayla shudders with
embarrassment as she recalls a time she threw up in the park when she was young. This is
best explained by…? (5.1)
A) Context-dependent memory
B) State-dependent memory
C) déjà vu
D) Flashbulb memory
E) déjà vu

62. Afferent neurons are found in the…? Choose ALL that apply (2.3)
A) Central nervous system (CNS)
B) Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Autonomic nervous system
E) All of the above

63. A student fails two tests in a row, so they stop paying attention in class because “it’s
impossible to learn”. What psychological phenomena best describes the student’s
behavior? (4.1)
A) External locus of control
B) Internal locus of control
C) Overjustification effect
D) Emotion-focused coping
E) Learned helplessness

64. Nate finds that he only notices his music beginning to get louder after increasing the
volume by 4. For Nate, a volume increase of 4 would be an example of…? (3.1)
A) Subliminal
B) Absolute threshold
C) Difference threshold
D) Perceptual set
E) Weber’s law

65. The endocrine system is controlled by what major gland? (2.2)

A) Thyroid Gland
B) Parathyroid Gland
C) Adrenal Gland
D) Pituitary Gland
E) Pineal Gland

66. A person is unable to properly control their body when their eyes are closed. What
has most likely happened to them? (3.7)
A) Disruption to the vestibular sacs
B) Nerve deafness
C) Loss of proprioception
D) Astigmatism
E) Both A and D

67. A study finds that professional actors show more emotion when acting in front of a
large crowd then when in front of a camera. What psychological phenomenon best
explains this result? (9.4)
A) Normative social influence
B) Informational social influence
C) Attribution theory
D) Halo effect
E) Social facilitation
 68. Brandon is often anxious and insecure about the state of his bedroom. For this
reason, he keeps it spotless and methodically organizes it. Which of the big five personality
factors would Brandon score highly in? Choose TWO that apply. (7.9)
A) Conscientiousness
B) Agreeableness
C) Neuroticism
D) Openness
E) Extraversion

69. In a study, people were asked to guess other people’s careers based on their outfit.
When a person was wearing a suit, the probably of guesses like “lawyer” and “businessman”
rose significantly. What psychological phenomenon best explains this result? (5.8)
A) Representativeness heuristic
B) Availability heuristic
C) Divergent thinking
D) Misinformation effect
E) Deep processing

70. Which type of scan would mostly likely be used in a study looking at the effects of
sleep deprivation on the different stages of sleep? (2.7)
A) Computed axial tomography scan
B) Positron emission tomography scan
C) Magnetic resonance imaging
D) Electroencephalogram
E) Functional magnetic resonance imaging

71. Cari is being admitted to the hospital for various symptoms including pain,
dizziness, and vomiting. Despite thorough examinations and tests, the doctor’s are unable
to find any physiological cause for her symptoms. Which diagnosis should the doctors
make? (8.5)
A) Acute schizophrenia
B) Somatic symptom disorder
C) Conversion disorder
D) Illness anxiety disorder
E) Hypochondriasis

72. The first president of the American Psychological Association was…? (1.1)
A) William James
B) Wilhelm Wundt
C) Max Wertheimer
D) G. Stanley Hall
E) John B. Watson

73. A biological process responsible for learning and memory is most likely…? (5.6)
A) Long-term potentiation
B) Deep processing
C) Effortful processing
D) Mnemonics
E) Testing effect

74. At her psychologist’s office, Alexa is shown an ambiguous image and asked to tell a
story about it. Which of the following best describes the type of test Alexa is taking? Choose
TWO that apply. (7.10)
A) Rorschach Inkblot Test
B) Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
C) Thematic Apperception Test
D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
E) Projective Personality Test

75. Which of the following neurotransmitters is also a hormone? Select ALL that apply.
(2.4)
A) Acetylcholine
B) Dopamine
C) Serotonin
D) Norepinephrine
E) GABA
F) Glutamate
G) Epinephrine

76. Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating between what two things? (8.4)
A) Hallucinations and Delusions
B) Hallucinations and Depression
C) Depression and Psychosis
D) Depression and Mania
E) Mania and Psychosis

77. The tendency to perceive two perpendicular line segments as a single object is best
explained by what gestalt principle? (3.4)
A) Proximity
B) Similarity
C) Continuity
D) Closure
E) Symmetry

78. This individual is best known for their work on conformity, in which they conducted
an experiment to observe if participants would conform to intentional incorrect answers
given by confederates. This individual is most likely…? (9.3)
A) Philip Zimbardo
B) Leon Festinger
C) Stanley Milgram
D) Irving Janis
E) Solomon Asch

79. In an animal enclosure, every time a button is pressed, a small quantity of food is
dispensed. What reinforcement schedule best describes this system? (4.3)
A) Continuous
B) Partial
C) Fixed-ratio
D) Fixed-interval
E) Variable-ratio

80. A study is done on the effects of a new drug on muscle growth, showing the drug to
cause 34% increase in muscle mass. After its publication, multiple skeptical organizations
attempt to reproduce the original study. What are the organizations attempting to
measure? (1.5)
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Bias
D) Measure of standard deviation in the results
E) P-value
 81. When Macie leaves her baby at daycare for the first time, she is told by the staff that
her daughter immediately started crying. When Macie came to pick her up, she saw her
daughter’s face light up with joy. What type of attachment has likely been formed? (6.2)
A) Avoidant attachment
B) Resistant attachment
C) Secure attachment
D) Insecure attachment
E) Loving attachment

82. The process of the lens changing shape to focus images onto the retina is known
as…? (3.3)
A) Accommodation
B) Amplitude
C) Audition
D) Adjustment
E) Convergence

83. Which of the following best describes the steps of the information-processing model
as it relates to the formation and recall of an explicit memory? (5.1)
A) Sensory memory -> long term memory -> short term/working memory -> recall into
short term/working memory
B) Long term memory -> short term/working memory -> sensory memory -> recall into long
term memory
C) Short term/working memory -> sensory memory -> long term memory -> recall into
short term/working memory
D) Sensory memory -> short term/working memory -> long term memory -> recall into
short term/working memory
E) Sensory memory -> short term/working memory -> recall into short term/working
memory

84. This psychologist is most known for their work studying taste aversion. Who is this
psychologist? (4.1)
A) Edward Thorndike
B) John Garcia
C) John B. Watson
D) Ivan Pavlov
E) Rene Descartes
 85. Which of the following theories of emotion emphasize the role of cognitive
appraisal? Choose TWO that apply. (7.3)
A) James Lange
B) Cannon Bard
C) Schacter Singer
D) Zajonc/LeDoux
E) Lazarus

86. Grayson has been suffering from poor mood, insomnia, and general lethargy for the
past 3 years due to a traumatic breakup. Going to the doctor, he is given a formal diagnosis
and put on medication and therapy. What is the most probable diagnosis that Grayson
received? (8.4)
A) Major depressive disorder
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Social anxiety disorder
E) Persistent depressive disorder

87. The secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine occurs in what gland for what
reason? (2.2)
A) Thyroid Gland; Hormone balance
B) Thyroid Gland; Fight or Flight response
C) Adrenal Gland; Hormone balance
D) Adrenal Gland; Fight or Flight response
E) Pituitary Gland; Hormone balance

88. Which of the following ages would most likely be in the fifth stage of Erik Erikson’s
theory of social development? Choose TWO that apply. (6.5)
A) 2
B) 5
C) 14
D) 17
E) 26
F) 33

89. While watching a bird on a tree, Tristan’s field of view is temporarily blocked by a
pedestrian walking by. What perceptual cue will Tristan most likely have used to determine
that the pedestrian is closer than the bird? (3.4)
A) Light and Shadow
B) Blocking Effect
C) Linear perspective
D) Interposition
E) Motion Parallax

90. The idea that humans are “hardwired” to learn language and some basic elements
exist in all human languages was originally proposed by…? (5.11)
A) Benjamin Lee Whorf
B) Howard Gardner
C) Noam Chomsky
D) Lewis Terman
E) George A. Miller

91. A study conducted to determine the effect of comfort on reading ability has
participants randomely selected and assigned to either read a book on a cushioned sofa or
an uncomfortable folding chair. Researchers present behind a one-way mirror observe the
participants and make notes on fidgeting, engagement, etc. After a period of time has
passed, participants take a comprehension test to determine their understanding. What
best describes this study? Choose TWO that apply. (1.2)
A) Double-blind study
B) Experiment
C) Naturalistic Observation
D) Survey
E) Single-blind study
F) Case Study

92. According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, working hard at a job to get
enough money to pay the bills would be considered fulfilling a what need? (7.1)
A) Physiological need
B) Safety need
C) Belonging need
D) Self-esteem need
E) Self-actualization need
 93. This individual was best known for creating a psychological approach centered on
how a person’s experiences are more than the sum of their parts. This approach has little
influence in modern psychology. This individual is most likely…? (1.1)
A) G. Stanley Hall
B) Wolfgang Kohler
C) Max Wertheimer
D) Rene Descartes
E) Dorothea Dix

94. Quincy is the class clown of her school, often doing completely absurd and
ridiculous stunts to gain attention. Having been like this for several years, she is
recommended to a psychiatrist. What diagnosis will the psychiatrist most likely make? (8.6)
A) Avoidant personality disorder
B) Schizoid personality disorder
C) Histrionic personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder
E) Narcissistic personality disorder

95. To train his dog to lie down on command, Jonah begins rewarding his dog whenever
it lies down. Then, he only rewards the dog whenever it stops moving after the command.
Finally, he only rewards the dog whenever it lies down on command. Which of the following
terms apply to Jonah’s actions? (4.3)
A) Reinforcement
B) Shaping
C) Operant Conditioning
D) Law of effect
E) All of the above

96. A week after conception, a developing human is most likely a what in what stage?
(6.1)
A) Zygote; Embryonic Stage
B) Zygote; Germinal Stage
C) Fetus; Fetal Stage
D) Fetus; Germinal Stage
E) Embryo; Embryonic Stage

97. A psychologist hypothesizes that the natural fear reaction to unexpected stimuli has
diminished over time. To confirm this, they conduct studies with individuals from
developing countries and individuals from remote, underdeveloped tribes. What approach
is this psychologist most likely following? (1.1)
A) Biological approach
B) Behavioral approach
C) Socio-cultural approach
D) Evolutionary approach
E) Humanistic approach

98. To increase the efficiency of transferring neural signals through neurons, which of
the following structures has been developed? (2.3)
A) Soma
B) Axon Terminal
C) Node of Ranvier
D) Dendrite
E) None of the above

99. A passionate young artist submit many of their works to amateur competitions,
frequently winning awards and cash prizes. As they grow, however, they begin to win less
and less as competitions become more competitive. Eventually, they stop creating art
entirely as none of their works win anything. Which of the following psychological concepts
best explain this? (4.3)
A) Learned helplessness
B) Problem-focused coping
C) Emotion-focused coping
D) Law of Effect
E) Overjustification effect

100. Nate’s therapist tells him that, alongside taking his antidepressants, he
should
try to smile more. What psychological phenomenon is Nate’s therapist taking advantage of?
(7.3)
A) Tend-and-befriend
B) The Big Five personality factor of Extraversion
C) Self-efficacy
D) Spotlight effect
E) Facial Feedback Hypothesis