SL - Chapter - 5 - Worked - Solutions MATH IB

5 Core: Geometry and trigonometry
Worked solutions
These are worked solutions to the colour-coded problem-solving questions from the exercises in
the Student’s Book. This excludes the drill questions.
Exercise 5A
16
Surface Area 4𝜋𝑟
4𝜋 7.5 cm
225𝜋 cm
707 cm
17
Curved Surface Area 2𝜋𝑟
2𝜋 3.2
Circle Face Area 𝜋𝑟
𝜋 3.2
Total Surface Area 3π 3.2
96.5 cm
18
Base Area 𝜋𝑟
𝜋 1.6
1
Volume Base Area height
3
1
2.56𝜋 3.1
3
8.31 m
19
2
Volume 𝜋𝑟
3
128
𝜋
3
134 cm
20
4
Volume 𝜋𝑟
3
4
𝜋 9.15
3
3 210 cm
Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 1

© Paul Fannon, Vesna Kadelburg, Ben Woolley, Stephen Ward 2019
Worked solutions
21 Converting all measurements to cm.
Cylinder:
Curved Surface Area 2𝜋𝑟𝑙
2 𝜋 5 100
1000𝜋
Base Surface Area 𝜋𝑟
𝜋 5
25𝜋
Volume 𝜋𝑟 𝑙
𝜋 5 100
2500𝜋
Cone:
Curved Surface Area 𝜋𝑟 𝑟 ℎ

𝜋 5 √125
25𝜋√5
1
Volume 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
1
𝜋 5 10
3
250
𝜋
3
Total Surface Area 𝜋 1000 25 25√5
3400 cm
250
Total Volume 𝜋 2500
3
8120 cm
22 Cylinder height is 59 cm
Cylinder Volume 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
𝜋 14 59
11 564𝜋
2
Hemisphere Volume 𝜋𝑟
3
5 488
𝜋
3
5 488
Total Volume 11 564 𝜋
3
42 100 cm 4.21 10 cm
23 a 𝑟 √17 12 12.0 cm

b
Worked solutions
Curved Surface Area 𝜋𝑟𝑙
𝜋 12.0 17
643
Base Surface Area 𝜋𝑟
145𝜋
456
Total Surface Area 643 456
1 100 cm
24 a 𝑉 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
503.7 𝜋𝑟 12.3
503.7
𝑟
12.3𝜋
3.61 cm
b 3 12.3 36.9 cm
Tip: Remember that a tapered solid has one third the volume of a prism the same height and
base area, so a tapered solid with the same volume and base area would be three times the
height.
25 a
1
𝑉 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
192 cm
b 𝑉 𝜋𝑟 192
3
𝑟 192
4𝜋
3.58 cm
26 a Height of cone ℎ 35 23 12 cm
Radius 𝑟 9 cm
Slant height 𝑙 9 12
15 cm
b Curved SA of cone 𝑆 𝜋 9 15 135𝜋 cm
Side SA of cylinder 𝑆 2𝜋 9 23 414𝜋 cm
Base area of cylinder 𝑆 𝜋 9 81𝜋 cm
Total SA 630𝜋 cm 1980 cm
27 a A side face is isosceles with base 12 cm and perpendicular distance
15 6 3√21 cm
1
Side face area 12 3√21 82.5 cm
2

b Base area 12 12 144 cm
Worked solutions
Total surface area 4 18√21 144 474 cm
c Diagonal of the base has length 12√2 cm so half the diagonal is 6√2 cm
Pyramid height ℎ 15 6√2 √153 cm
1
𝑉 144 √153
3
594 cm
28 For the complete cone:
1
𝑉 𝜋 2 6 8𝜋 cm
3
After the hole is bored, the volume removed is 𝜋 1 𝜋
So the end volume is 8 𝜋 23 cm
Slant length 𝑙 √2 6 √40 cm

Cone curved SA 𝜋 2 √40
Hemisphere curved SA 2𝜋 1 2𝜋 cm
Base ring area 𝜋 2 1 3𝜋 cm
Total SA 5 2√40 𝜋 cm
55.4 cm
29
2
Total volume 𝜋 8 10
3
3170 mm
Curved area 2𝜋 8 10
328𝜋 mm
Ring area 𝜋 10 8 36𝜋 mm
Total SA 364𝜋 mm
1140 mm
30 Main cone:
1
𝑉 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
1
𝜋 8 30
3
640𝜋 mm
Curved SA 𝜋𝑟𝑙
𝜋 8 8 30
248.4𝜋 mm

Removed cone:
Worked solutions
12
𝑟 8 3.2 mm
30
1
𝑉 𝜋 3.2 12
3
40.96𝜋 mm
Curved SA 𝜋 3.2 3.2 12

39.7𝜋 mm
Frustum 𝑉 640𝜋 40.96𝜋
1880 mm
Frustum SA 248.4𝜋 39.7𝜋 𝜋 8 3.2
889 mm
31 a Let 𝑥 be the length of one side of the base, so that the base area is 𝑥
1
𝑉 𝑥 ℎ
3
3𝑉 3 1352
𝑥 169
ℎ 24
𝑥 13 cm
b Let 𝑙 be the altitude of one of the isosceles triangle faces.
𝑙 ℎ 0.25𝑥
24 6.5
24.86 cm
Then the area of one of the triangles 𝐴 is given by
1
𝐴 𝑙𝑥 162 cm
2
So the total surface area is 4𝐴 𝑥 815 cm
32 𝑉 𝜋𝑟 354
3 354
𝑟 4.39
4 𝜋
3𝑉
𝑆𝐴 4𝜋𝑟 242 m
𝑟
33 a Cylinder:
Curved SA 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
2𝜋 2 8
32𝜋 mm
𝑉 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
𝜋 2 8
32𝜋 mm

Hemispheres:
Worked solutions
Curved SA 4𝜋𝑟
4𝜋 2
16𝜋 mm
4
𝑉 𝜋𝑟
3
4
𝜋 2
3
32
𝜋 mm
3
Total:
SA 48𝜋 mm 151 mm
128
𝑉 𝜋 mm 134 mm
3
b Require 𝑟 1.8 mm and 𝑉 0.9 134 121 mm
4𝑟
𝑉 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
Rearranging:
𝑉 4𝑟
ℎ
𝜋𝑟 3
9.45 mm
So the total length of the new tablet is 9.45 2 1.8 13.1 mm
34 a Converting all lengths to cm for consistency of calculation:
Cylinder height ℎ 180
Spike height ℎ 10
Cylinder: 𝑉 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
𝜋 4 180
2880𝜋 cm
1
Spike: 𝑉 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
1
𝜋 4 10
3
160𝜋
cm
3
2
Hemisphere: 𝑉 𝜋𝑟
3
2
𝜋 4
3
128𝜋
cm
3
Total: 𝑉 2976𝜋 cm
9349 cm
For a thousand posts, the volume of metal required would be 9 349 000 cm 9.35 m

b Paint volume needed could be calculated by multiplying the surface area of the entire
Worked solutions
shape by 0.4 mm:
Unpainted Spike: slope length 𝑙 √10 4 10.8 cm

So unpainted spike SA 𝜋𝑟𝑙 4𝜋 10.8 135.3 cm
Unpainted cylinder SA 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 2𝜋 4 180 4523.9 cm
Unpainted hemisphere SA 2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋 4 100.5 cm
Total unpainted SA 4759.8 cm
Then approximate volume of paint is 4759.8 0.04 190 cm
This method is imprecise as it takes no account of how the paint accommodates to
angles surfaces, but given the shape concerned, this is immaterial.
Alternatively, we can estimate the volume of paint as the increase in volume when the
original calculations use 𝑟 4.04 instead of 4 and spike length 10.04 instead of 10.
Total shape volume, from part a, is given by
1 2
𝑉 𝜋𝑟 ℎ 𝜋𝑟 ℎ 𝜋𝑟 9349 cm
3 3
Using 𝑟 4.04, ℎ 180 and ℎ 10.04, this gives
𝑉 9539.4
The difference is accounted for by the paint, so the approximate volume of paint is
190 cm
For 1000 posts, the total paint needed is 190000 cm 0.190 m
Exercise 5B
34
4
𝑦
tan 35°
𝑥 4 𝑦 tan 55°
4 tan 55°
𝑥 4
tan 35°
4.16 cm

35
Worked solutions
𝑦 7 tan 20°
𝑦
𝜃 tan
4
7 tan 20°
tan
4
32.5°
36 a 0,3 and 6,0
b tan 26.6°
37 a
b tan 3 71.6°
38 Cosine Rule:
𝑎 11 12 2 11 12 cos 35°
48.7
𝑎 √48.7 6.98 cm
39

Sine Rule:
Worked solutions
sin 𝑥 sin 43°
5 4
5 sin 43°
𝑥 sin
4
58.5° or 180° 58.5° 121.5°
Third angle 180° 58.5° 43° 78.5° or 180° 121.5° 43° 15.5°
40 Cosine Rule:
9 16 18
𝐶𝐴𝐵 cos
2 9 16
87.4°
41 a Cosine Rule:
10 20 11
𝐶 cos
2 10 20
18.6°
b Sine Rule for area:
1
Area 10 20 sin 18.6°
2
32.0
42 Sine Rule for area:
1
Area 𝐴𝐵 27 sin 70° 241
2
482
𝐴𝐵 19.0
27 sin 70°
43
𝐵𝐷 10 sin 25° 4.226 

𝐴𝐵 10 cos 25° 9.063 
𝑥 𝐵𝐴 𝐵𝐶
9.06 7.72
11.9 cm
𝐴𝐵
𝜃 cos 25
𝑥
15.4°

44 𝑦-intercept is 8, crosses x-axis at 10
Worked solutions
Angle with the 𝑥-axis is tan 38.7°
45 a Intersection: 2𝑥 8 𝑥 1
7
𝑥 7
4
𝑥 4
The lines intersect at 4,0
b Angle between the lines:
Angle of 𝑦 2𝑥 8 is tan 2 63.4°
Angle of 𝑦 𝑥 1 is tan 14.0°
Angle between the lines is therefore 63.4 14.0 49.4°
46 Line 2𝑥 5𝑦 7 has gradient and angle to the horizontal tan 21.8°
Line 4𝑥 𝑦 8 has gradient 4 and angle to the horizontal tan 4 76.0°

Angle between the lines is therefore 21.8 76.0 97.8°
Acute angle is 82.2°
47 Sine Rule:
𝑏 12
sin 60° sin 40°
12 sin 60°
𝑏 16.2 cm
sin 40°
48 Cosine Rule:
𝑎 5 8 2 5 8 cos 45°
5.69 cm
49 Cosine Rule:
6 8 4
𝐴 cos
2 6 8
29.0°
50 Sine Rule:
sin 𝑌 sin 66°
8 10
8 sin 66°
𝑦 sin
10
47.0°

51 Sine Rule:
Worked solutions
sin 𝑄 sin 102°
6 7
°
𝑄 sin 57.0°
So R = 180 – 102 – 57.0 = 21.0°

52 𝐴 180 32 64 84°
Sine Rule:
𝑎 3
sin 84° sin 32°
3 sin 84°
𝑎
sin 32°
5.63 cm
53
Sine Rule in 𝐴𝐵𝐷

9 sin 70°
𝐴𝐵𝐷 sin 57.7°
10
Sine Rule in 𝐴𝐶𝐷
9 sin 110°
𝐴𝐶 𝐷 sin 40.6°
13
Then 𝐵𝐴𝐶 180 57.7 40.6 81.7°
Cosine Rule in 𝐴𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 10 13 2 10 13 cos 81.7°
15.2
1
Area 6 11 sin 𝜃 26
2
52
𝜃 sin 52.0°
66
Cosine Rule:
𝐴𝐵 6 11 2 6 11 cos 𝜃
8.70

55
Worked solutions
Sine Rule in 𝐴𝐵𝐷:
9 sin 40°
𝐴 sin 46.3°
8
𝐶 90 46.3 43.7°
Sine Rule in 𝐵𝐶𝐷:
9 sin 50°
𝑥 9.98
sin 𝐶
56 Let the base length be 𝑏.
Then ℎ 𝑏 tan 40° and 𝑑 ℎ 𝑏 tan 50°
ℎ 𝑏 tan 50° 𝑑
ℎ
tan 50° 𝑑
tan 40°
Rearranging:
tan 50°
ℎ 1 𝑑
tan 40°
𝑑 tan 40°
ℎ
tan 50° tan 40°
57 a 𝑥 ,𝑦
° °
b Since 𝑥 𝑦 8
1 1 4
ℎ 8
tan 30° tan 10° tan 10°
4
8
ℎ tan 10° 3.73
1 1
tan 30° tan 10°

Exercise 5C
Worked solutions
20 ℎ 40 tan 55° 57.1 m
21 a 𝐻𝐵 √5 12 9 15.8
b 𝐵𝐷 √12 9 15
𝐵𝐷
𝐻𝐵𝐷 cos 18.4°
𝐻𝐵
22 a
b Let 𝑋 be the centre of the base, midpoint of 𝐴𝐶.

7√2
𝐴𝑋
2
The pyramid height 𝐸𝑋 √𝐸𝐴 𝐴𝑋 √100 24.5 8.69 cm
c Cosine Rule:
10 10 7√2
𝐴𝐸 𝐶 cos 59.3°
2 10 10
23 Radius 6
9
𝜃 tan 56.3°
6
24 a
b 𝑅𝑇 120 cos 56° 67.1 m

25 a
Worked solutions
b Distance east of the port is 0.8 sin 37° 0.481 km
Distance north of the port is 1.2 0.8 cos 37° 1.84 km
Total distance from port is √1.84 0.481 1.90 km

26 𝐵𝑇 1.6 6.5 tan 62° 13.8 m
27 𝑑 9 tan 78° 42.3 m
28 If the initial distance from the statue is 𝑥 and the height of the statue is ℎ
𝑥 tan 17.7° ℎ 1
𝑥 5 tan 12.0° ℎ 2
ℎ
1 :𝑥
tan 17.7°
tan 12.0°
2 :ℎ 1 5 tan 12.0°
tan 17.7°
5 tan 12.0°
ℎ 3.18 m
tan 12.0°
1
tan 17.7°
29 If the height of the lighthouse is ℎ and the distance of the first buoy from the lighthouse is 𝑥
then
ℎ 𝑥 tan 42.5° 1
ℎ √𝑥 18 tan 41.3° 2
ℎ
1 :𝑥
tan 42.5°
ℎ ℎ
2 : 324
tan 41.3° tan 42.5°
324
ℎ
1 1
tan 41.3° tan 42.5°
324
ℎ 55.6 56 m
1 1
tan 41.3° tan 42.5°

30 a 𝐴𝐺 √7 4 9 12.1 cm
Worked solutions
b 𝐴𝐶 √4 9 9.85 cm
9.85
𝐶𝐴𝐺 cos 35.4°
12.1
c 𝐵𝐴𝐺 cos 41.9°
.
31 a
𝐴𝐺 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷 13
𝐴𝐹 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐸 7
𝐶𝐹 𝐴𝐻 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 11
1 339
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐹 𝐶𝐹
2 2
339
𝐴𝐺 13.02 m
2
b
𝐴𝐶
𝐶𝐴𝐺 cos
𝐴𝐺
13√2
cos
√339
3.11°
32
a 𝐴𝐺 𝐶𝐸 √3 6 4 7.81 cm
b The two lines cross in the centre of the cuboid at point 𝑋, so 𝐶𝐺𝑋 is an isosceles triangle,
with sides 3.91 and base 3.
3.91 3.91 3
𝐶𝑋𝐺 cos
2 3.91 3.91
45.2°

33
Worked solutions
The dog runs from lighthouse 𝐿 to 𝐴 and then from 𝐴 to 𝐵.
𝐿𝐴𝐵 42° 180 166 ° 56°
Cosine Rule in 𝐿𝐴𝐵:
𝐿𝐵 220 180 2 220 180 cos 56° 191 m

Sine Rule:
180 sin 56°
𝐴𝐿𝐵 sin 51.4
191
The bearing from 𝐿 to 𝐵 is 51.3 42 93.4°
So the bearing for the return journey from 𝐵 to 𝐿 is 273°
34 If the lighthouse is at 𝐿, the port at 𝑃 and the island at 𝐼 then
𝐿𝑃𝐼 130 35 95°

Cosine Rule:
𝐿𝐼 2.5 1.3 2 2.5 1.3 cos 95° 2.92 km

Sine Rule:
Worked solutions
2.5 sin 95°
𝐿𝐼 𝑃 sin 58.64°
2.92
The bearing from 𝐼 to 𝐿 is 58.64 130 180 8.64°
35 If the apex is at 𝐴, one corner of the base is at 𝐵 and the centre of the base is at 𝑋 then
𝐴𝐵𝑋 42° and 𝐴𝑋𝐵 90°
𝐵𝑋 √230 230 162.63 m
So height of pyramid 𝐴𝑋 162.63 tan 42° 146 m

36 a 𝐵𝑇 19.5 tan 26° 9.51 m
b 𝑑 10.9 m
°
c Cosine Rule:
19.5 10.9 14.7
𝑅𝐵𝑀 cos 48.3 48°
2 19.5 10.9
37 Let the distance of the base of the painting from the floor be 𝑥 and the height of the painting
be ℎ.
𝑥 2.4 tan 55°
𝑥 ℎ 2.4 tan 72°
So ℎ 2.4 tan 72° tan 55° 3.96 m
38 a Volume of a square based pyramid is given by 𝑉 𝑏 ℎ where 𝑏 is the length of the

sides of the base and ℎ is the pyramid’s vertical height.
Therefore, the volume of the Louvre pyramid is 𝑉 34 21.6 8323.2 𝑚 .
We require one unit per 1000𝑚

Hence, 9 units are required.
b Note that we only have to consider the heat loss through the four glass sides exposed to
the outside air.
The surface area of the pyramid through which heat is lost is given by
𝑆𝐴 2𝑎 ℎ 2 34 21.6 1869.14 … m
And the power required to offset this heat loss is simply

192 1869.14 … 359000 W 359 kW
c Consider the triangle formed by the base of the pyramid, the vertical to the pyramid’s
peak, and the side of the pyramid.
We can apply trig. to this triangle to find the elevation, 𝜃.
21.6
tan 𝜃
0.5 34
Hence, the elevation is 51.8 and therefore scaffolding is required.

39 a We have a maximum height ℎ when ℎ tan 35° 2.45 m
Worked solutions
b The area of the face of the prism is given by 𝐴 7 2.45 8.58 m
And so, the volume of the roof space is 𝑉 7 2.45 5 42.9 m
Using proportion: If the maximum height is 2.45 m then the proportion of the width
.
which is over 0.6 m is 1 75.5%
.
d The non-usable volume will be contained in the two identical triangular prisms at the
edge of the roof. Each has height 0.6 m and width 1 0.755 3.5 0.857 m so has
cross-sectional area 0.6 0.857 0.514 m
.
The proportion of the volume that is unusable is therefore 5.99%
.
The proportion of the volume that is usable is 94.0%

(Alternatively, it can be seen that the non-usable triangles together form an isosceles
similar to the overall triangle; since scale factor from whole triangle to unused part is
24.5%, it follows that the proportion of the cross-sectional area not used, and hence the
proportion of the prism volume not used, will be 24.5% 5.99%. Again, the
proportion of the volume that is usable is 94.0%.)
40 𝐵𝐸 √7 9 √130
𝐵𝐺 4 7 √65
𝐸𝐺 4 9 √97
Cosine Rule:
130 97 65
𝐵𝐸 𝐺 cos 43.8°
2√130√97
Sine Rule for area:
1
Area 𝐵𝐸𝐺 √130√97 sin 43.8° 38.9 cm
2
41 𝐴𝐵𝑉 is isosceles with equal sides 23 cm and base 20 cm. Its altitude 𝑀𝑉 √23 10
20.7 cm
Since the pyramid has a square base, 𝑁𝑉 𝑀𝑉 and 𝑀𝑁𝑉 is isosceles.
𝑀𝑁 √200 cm
Cosine Rule:
20.7 20.7 200
𝑀𝑉 𝑁 cos 39.9°
2 20.7 20.7

42
Worked solutions
If Amy starts at 𝐴, then travels to 𝐵, 𝐶 and finally 𝐷:
𝐴𝐵𝐶 70 180 150 100°
Cosine Rule in 𝐴𝐵𝐶:
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 2 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 cos 𝐴𝐵𝐶
120 90 2 120 90 cos 100°

162 m
Sine Rule in 𝐴𝐵𝐶:
120 sin 100°
𝐴𝐶 𝐵 sin 46.8°
162
Then 𝐴𝐶 𝐷 360 250 30 46.8 33.2°
Cosine Rule in 𝐴𝐶𝐷:
𝐴𝐷 110 162 2 110 162 cos 33.2° 92.3 m
Mixed Practice
1 ℎ 50 tan 35° 35.0 m
2 a 𝐴𝐶 16√2 22.6 cm
𝐴𝐺 16√3 27.7 cm
b

Worked solutions
c 𝐶𝐴𝐺 tan tan 35.3°
√ √
3 a 𝐴𝐶 23√2 32.5 cm
b If 𝑋 is the centre of the base, then 𝐴𝑋 0.5𝐴𝐶 16.3 cm
𝑋𝐸 16.3 tan 56° 24.1 cm
.
c 𝐴𝐸 29.1 cm
°
4 𝜃 2 tan 45.2°
5 a 0,6
b Gradient 0.5
c 𝜃 tan 0.5 26.6°

6 a Sine Rule in 𝐴𝐵𝐶:
10 sin 100°
𝐴𝐶 12.9 cm
sin 50°
b Cosine Rule in 𝐴𝐷𝐶:
7 12 12.9
𝐴𝐷𝐶 cos 80.5°
2 7 12
7 Sine Rule:
10 sin 70°
𝑏 12.3 cm
sin 50°
8 Cosine Rule:
𝑎 8 10 2 8 10 cos 15° 3.07 cm

9 Cosine Rule:
5 7 3
𝐴 cos 21.8°
2 5 7
10 Sine Rule:
12 sin 42°
𝑌 sin 32.4°
15
11 Sine Rule:
4 sin 120°
𝑄 sin 22.6°
9
So 𝑅 180 120 22.6 37.4°
12 𝐴 180 32 72 76°
Sine Rule:
10 sin 76°
𝑎 18.3 cm
sin 32°

13 If the initial distance from the base of the tower is 𝑥 then
Worked solutions
𝑥 tan 47.7° ℎ 1
𝑥 20 tan 38.2° ℎ 2
ℎ
1 :𝑥
tan 47.7°
Substituting into 2 :
tan 38.2°
ℎ 1 20 tan 38.2°
tan 47.7°
20 tan 38.2°
ℎ 55.4 m
tan 38.2°
1
tan 47.7°
14
The distance between wall and pillar is 𝑑

41
𝑑 53.0 m
tan 37.7°
The height of the pillar is ℎ so the difference in height between wall and pillar is
53.0 tan 23.5° 23.1 m
So the height of the pillar is 41 23.1 17.9 18 m
15 a

b 𝑦 10 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑥 5
Worked solutions
Intersection where 10 𝑥 𝑥 5
4
𝑥 5
3
15
𝑥 3.75
4
Point is 3.75,6.25
c Angle between 𝑦 and the 𝑥-axis is tan 18.4°
Angle between 𝑦 and the 𝑥-axis is tan 1 45°

Angle between the two lines is 18.4 45 63.4°
16 If the apex of the pyramid is 𝐸, and the base is 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 with centre 𝑋
𝑋𝐸 26 cm
𝐴𝐸 𝑋 35° and 𝐴𝑋𝐸 90°
26
𝐴𝑋 37.1 cm
tan 35°
𝐴𝐵 37.1√2 52.5 cm
1
Vol base height
3
1
52.5 26 23900 cm
3
17 a 𝐴𝑀 √6 3 √45 3√5
15
𝐴𝑀𝐸 tan tan √5 65.9°
√45
b 𝐻𝑀𝐸 is isosceles with sides 𝐸𝑀 √15 45 √270 and base 6
Cosine Rule:
270 270 6 504
𝐻𝑀𝐸 cos cos 21.0°
2√270√270 540
18 Cosine Rule:
𝑥 4 𝑥 2𝑥 2 𝑥 2𝑥 cos 60°
𝑥 8𝑥 16 𝑥 4𝑥 2𝑥
2𝑥 8𝑥 16 0
𝑥 4𝑥 8 0
𝑥 2 √12
In context, 𝑥 0 so the only solution is 𝑥 2 √12 2 2√3 5.46

Worked solutions
1
84 𝑥 𝑥 5 sin 150°
2
1
84 𝑥 𝑥 5
4
𝑥 5𝑥 336 0
𝑥 21 𝑥 16 0
In context, 𝑥 5 so the only solution is 𝑥 21
20 Let 𝑥 be the distance between the tree and the tower on the ground.
𝑥 30 tan 40° 25.2 m
Let h be the height of the tree.
ℎ 𝑥 tan 35° 17.6 m
21 a 𝑉 𝜋 3.15 131 cm
b 𝑉 𝜋 3.2 26 836 cm
𝑉 4𝑉 313 cm
22 a 𝐴𝐵 √9.5 8 √26.25 5.12 cm

b 𝐸𝐹 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐵
1
𝐹𝑀 𝐸𝐹 2.56 cm
2
𝐵𝑀 𝐵𝐹 𝐹𝑀 √96.8125 9.84 cm
c 𝐴𝑀 √𝐴𝐹 𝐹𝑀 √70.5625 8.40 cm

𝐴𝑀 8.40
𝐴𝑀𝐵 cos cos 31.4°
𝐵𝑀 9.84
23 Part A
a 𝑋𝑀 5 cm
b 𝑉𝑀 √𝑋𝑀 𝑉𝑋 √5 8 √89 9.43 cm
c 𝑉𝑀𝑋 cos cos 58.0°

√
Part B
a Cosine Rule:
𝑑 290 550 2 290 550 cos 115° 722 m 720 m
b Sine Rule for area:

1
Area 290 550 sin 115° 72 300 m
2

c Sine Rule
Worked solutions
180 sin 53°
𝐴𝐵𝐶 sin 38.7°
230
Then 𝐴𝐶 𝐵 180 53 38.7 88.3°
24 a i 22.5 m
ii
b If the centre of 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is 𝑋 then the height of the pyramid is 𝑉𝑋.

𝑉𝑋𝐶 90°
𝑉𝑋 22.5 sin 53.1° 18.0 m
c 𝐶𝑋 22.5 cos 53.1° 13.5 m
𝐴𝐶 2𝐶𝑋 27 m
d 𝐵𝐶 19.1 m
√
e 𝐴𝑃 126 18.0 108 m

Volume of cuboid 𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝐵 108 19.1 39 424 m
1 1
Volume of pyramid 𝐴𝐵 𝑉𝑋 19.1 18.0 2189 m
3 3
Total volume 39 424 2189 41 600 m
f 90% volume 41 600 0.9 37 500 m
Mass of 37 500 m air 37 500 1.2 44 900 kg

25
Worked solutions
Tip: If you know how to find areas using vectors this is a much easier problem to approach.
If we just use the techniques of this chapter and some basic linear algebra, we can find the
intersection points, two side lengths and then find the angle between two lines, then apply the
sine rule for area.
Intersection points of 𝑦 8 𝑥, 𝑦 2𝑥 10 and 𝑦 12.5 5.5𝑥
𝑦 &𝑦 :
12.5 5.5𝑥 2𝑥 10
7.5𝑥 22.5
𝑥 3 so intersection is at 𝐴 3, 4
𝑦 &𝑦 :
8 𝑥 12.5 5.5𝑥
4.5𝑥 4.5
𝑥 1 so intersection is at 𝐵 1,7
𝑦 &𝑦 :
8 𝑥 2𝑥 10
3𝑥 18
𝑥 6 so intersection is at 𝐶 6,2
𝐴𝐵 2 11 5√5
𝐴𝐶 3 6 3√5
Angle made by 𝑦 and the 𝑥-axis is tan 2 63.4°
Angle made by 𝑦 and the 𝑥-axis is tan 5.5 79.7°
Angle between 𝑦 and 𝑦 is 63.4 79.7 143° 𝐵𝐴𝐶
1
Area 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 sin 𝐵𝐴𝐶
2
1
5√5 3√5 sin 143°
2
75
0.6
2
22.5


SL - Chapter - 5 - Worked - Solutions MATH IB

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5 Core: Geometry and trigonometry

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 1

Curved Surface Area 𝜋𝑟 𝑟 ℎ

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 2

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 3

Pyramid height ℎ 15 6√2 √153 cm

So the end volume is 8 𝜋 23 cm

Slant length 𝑙 √2 6 √40 cm

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 4

Curved SA 𝜋 3.2 3.2 12

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 5

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 6

Unpainted Spike: slope length 𝑙 √10 4 10.8 cm

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 7

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 8

𝐵𝐷 10 sin 25° 4.226 

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 9

Angle of 𝑦 𝑥 1 is tan 14.0°

Angle between the lines is therefore 63.4 14.0 49.4°

46 Line 2𝑥 5𝑦 7 has gradient and angle to the horizontal tan 21.8°

Line 4𝑥 𝑦 8 has gradient 4 and angle to the horizontal tan 4 76.0°

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 10

So R = 180 – 102 – 57.0 = 21.0°

Sine Rule in 𝐴𝐵𝐷

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 11

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 12

b Let 𝑋 be the centre of the base, midpoint of 𝐴𝐶.

b 𝑅𝑇 120 cos 56° 67.1 m

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 13

Total distance from port is √1.84 0.481 1.90 km

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 14

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 15

𝐿𝐵 220 180 2 220 180 cos 56° 191 m

𝐿𝑃𝐼 130 35 95°

𝐿𝐼 2.5 1.3 2 2.5 1.3 cos 95° 2.92 km

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 16

So height of pyramid 𝐴𝑋 162.63 tan 42° 146 m

38 a Volume of a square based pyramid is given by 𝑉 𝑏 ℎ where 𝑏 is the length of the

Therefore, the volume of the Louvre pyramid is 𝑉 34 21.6 8323.2 𝑚 .

We require one unit per 1000𝑚

And the power required to offset this heat loss is simply

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 17

And so, the volume of the roof space is 𝑉 7 2.45 5 42.9 m

The proportion of the volume that is usable is 94.0%

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 18

120 90 2 120 90 cos 100°

𝐴𝐷 110 162 2 110 162 cos 33.2° 92.3 m

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 19

c 𝜃 tan 0.5 26.6°

𝑎 8 10 2 8 10 cos 15° 3.07 cm

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 20

The distance between wall and pillar is 𝑑

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 21

c Angle between 𝑦 and the 𝑥-axis is tan 18.4°

Angle between 𝑦 and the 𝑥-axis is tan 1 45°

Mathematics for the IB Diploma: Applications & Interpretation 22

22 a 𝐴𝐵 √9.5 8 √26.25 5.12 cm

c 𝐴𝑀 √𝐴𝐹 𝐹𝑀 √70.5625 8.40 cm

b 𝑉𝑀 √𝑋𝑀 𝑉𝑋 √5 8 √89 9.43 cm