22MCA0260 Master Thesis
22MCA0260 Master Thesis
22MCA0260 Master Thesis
M.C.A
Department of Computer Applications
by
Master Thesis Title: Developing A Web Based Application Using Mern and Restful API
Integration.
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Developing Web-based Application using Mern
Technology ” submitted by me, for the award of the degree of Specify the name of the degree
VIT is a record of bonafide work carried out by me under the supervision of Dr.Uma k.
I further declare that the work reported in this thesis has not been submitted and will not be
submitted, either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma in this institute
or any other institute or university.
Date: 03-04-24
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Developing Web-based Application using Mern
Technology submitted by Deepak Tiwari (<22MCA0260>) <School Name>VIT, for the award
of the degree of MCA is a record of bonafide work carried out by him under my supervision.
The contents of this report have not been submitted and will not be submitted
either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma in this institute or
any other institute or university. The Project report fulfils the requirements and regulations of
VIT and in my opinion meets the necessary standards for submission.
Place: Vellore
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OFFER LETTER :
Table Of Content
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1Overview Of Organization
1.5 Objectives
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Conclusion
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Chapter 1
Introduction
The Organization prides itself on its commitment to exemplary service, offering round-the-
clock support to address any IT challenges clients encounter. With a focus on reliability,
innovation, and client satisfaction, they stand as a trusted partner for businesses seeking to
leverage IT for growth and success.
1. Complexity of Technology Stack: MERN stack involves learning and working with
multiple technologies simultaneously. Each component (MongoDB, Express.js,
React.js, Node.js) has its own intricacies and learning curve. Interns may find it
challenging to grasp the fundamentals of each technology and understand how they
integrate with one another.
2. Asynchronous Programming: Asynchronous programming, particularly in Node.js,
can be challenging for newcomers. Understanding concepts like callbacks, promises,
and async/await is crucial for developing scalable and efficient applications. Interns
may struggle with handling asynchronous operations effectively, leading to issues
such as callback hell or race conditions.
3. Frontend Complexity: Frontend development with React.js involves managing state,
handling routing, and implementing complex user interfaces. Interns may find it
challenging to structure React components efficiently, manage application state, and
debug issues related to rendering or state management.
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4. Backend Development: Backend development with Node.js and Express.js involves
building RESTful APIs, handling authentication and authorization, and integrating
with databases like MongoDB. Interns may face challenges in designing efficient API
endpoints, implementing middleware for request processing, and ensuring security
best practices are followed.
5. Database Management: Working with MongoDB requires understanding NoSQL
database concepts and querying data using MongoDB's query language. Interns may
encounter challenges in designing database schemas, optimizing queries for
performance, and handling data consistency and integrity.
6. Version Control and Collaboration: Collaborating with team members using
version control systems like Git can be challenging, especially for interns who are
new to collaborative development workflows. Issues such as merge conflicts,
branching strategies, and code review feedback may pose challenges for interns.
7. Project Complexity: Interns may be assigned to work on projects with complex
requirements and tight deadlines. Managing project scope, prioritizing tasks, and
breaking down complex problems into manageable chunks can be challenging for
interns, especially if they lack prior experience in project management.
8. Continuous Learning: Web development is a rapidly evolving field with new tools,
libraries, and best practices emerging frequently. Interns need to continuously update
their skills and stay abreast of the latest trends and technologies, which can be
overwhelming for beginners.
1.3Internship Plan:
Role: Web Developer
Duration: 6 months
Plan:
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2. Component Redesign: A significant part of the internship will involve redesigning
components of both frontend and backend aspects of the Roamrise & Flyflex projects.
This includes analyzing existing components, identifying areas for improvement, and
implementing redesigned solutions.
3. Understanding Project Structure and Design: It's essential to gain a deep
understanding of the project's structure and design. This involves studying existing
codebases, architecture, and design patterns.
4. Skill Enhancement in Technologies: The internship provides an opportunity to
enhance skills in technologies like MERN stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js,
Node.js) and other React frameworks. This includes delving into the nuances of these
technologies, understanding best practices, and applying them to real-world projects.
Overall, the internship plan aims to provide a comprehensive learning experience in web
development, focusing on practical application and skill enhancement in relevant
technologies. Through hands-on projects like Roamrise & Flyflex, I will not only deepen in
technical knowledge but also develop problem-solving and collaboration skills essential for
success in the
1.4 OBJECTIVES:
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Chapter 2
Tech Stack and Tool Used
2.1 TECH STACK USED:
Frontend:
1. React.js: A JavaScript library for building user interfaces, providing a fast and
interactive experience for users.
2. Redux: A predictable state container for managing application state, ensuring
consistency across components.
3. React Router: A library for handling client-side routing in React applications,
enabling navigation between different pages.
4. Styled-components: A CSS-in-JS library for styling React components, offering
scoped styles and enhanced readability.
5. Axios: A promise-based HTTP client for making AJAX requests to the backend
server.
Backend:
1. JSON Web Tokens (JWT): A compact and self-contained mechanism for securely
transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.
2. Passport.js: A popular authentication middleware for Node.js, providing
authentication strategies for various authentication providers.
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Payment Processing:
1. Stripe: A payment gateway service for processing online payments securely and
seamlessly.
2. PayPal: Another payment gateway service offering secure payment processing for e-
commerce transactions.
2.2 TOOLS USED:
Development Tools:
1. Visual Studio Code (VS Code): A lightweight and versatile code editor with built-in support
for JavaScript, React, and Node.js development.
2. Git: A distributed version control system for tracking changes in the project codebase,
enabling collaboration among developers and facilitating code management.
3. GitHub or GitLab: Web-based platforms for hosting Git repositories, providing features like
issue tracking, pull requests, and project management.
4. Postman: A collaboration platform for API development, allowing developers to design, test,
and document APIs efficiently.
5. React DevTools: A browser extension for Chrome and Firefox, providing tools for debugging
and profiling React applications.
Testing Tools:
1. Jest: A JavaScript testing framework developed by Facebook, commonly used for writing unit
tests for React applications.
2. React Testing Library: A testing utility for React that encourages testing React components in
a way that resembles how users interact with the application.
Deployment and Continuous Integration (CI/CD) Tools:
1. AWS Elastic Beanstalk: A fully managed service for deploying and scaling web applications
and services developed with popular technologies like Node.js and Docker.
2. Heroku: A cloud platform that enables developers to deploy, manage, and scale applications
quickly and easily.
Monitoring and Logging Tools:
1. Amazon CloudWatch: A monitoring and observability service for monitoring AWS resources
and applications running on AWS.
2. Sentry: An application monitoring platform that helps developers identify and fix errors in
their code, providing real-time error tracking and alerting.
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Chapter 3
Project Description: ROAMRISE
Pull the latest code from the master branch using GIT.
Identify and fix issues then pushing the final code to the master branch.
1. Requirement Analysis:
This initial stage involves gathering and documenting both functional and non-
functional requirements for each component.
Functional requirements specify the desired behavior and functionality of the
component, while non-functional requirements address aspects such as
performance, scalability, and security.
Stakeholder interviews, user surveys, and market research may be conducted
to gather comprehensive requirements.
2. Design:
Once the requirements are identified, the design stage begins, where design
specifications and architecture diagrams are created.
Design specifications outline the structure and behavior of the component,
including interfaces, data flows, and interactions with other components.
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Architecture diagrams visually represent the relationships and dependencies
between different components,and a clear understanding of system's design.
3. Implementation:
With the design in place, the implementation stage involves writing code for
both the frontend and backend components of the system.
Developers adhere to coding standards and best practices to ensure
maintainability, readability, and scalability of the codebase.
Frontend components are developed using technologies such as HTML, CSS,
and JavaScript (e.g., React.js), while backend components are implemented
using server-side languages (e.g., Node.js) and frameworks (e.g., Express.js).
4. Testing:
Testing is an integral part of the development process, ensuring the quality and
functionality of each component.
Unit tests are written to validate individual units of code, while integration
tests verify the interactions between different components.
End-to-end tests simulate real-world scenarios and user interactions to validate
the system as a whole.
Automated testing frameworks and tools, such as Jest, Cypress, and Selenium,
may be employed to streamline the testing process.
5. Review:
Peer code reviews and quality assurance checks are conducted to identify and
address any issues or discrepancies in the codebase.
Code reviews involve examining the code for adherence to coding standards,
correctness, efficiency, and maintainability.
Quality assurance checks ensure that the component meets the specified
requirements and performs as expected.
6. Deployment:
Once the component has been thoroughly tested and reviewed, it is deployed
to development, staging, and production environments using automated
deployment pipelines.
Continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) practices
automate the deployment process, ensuring consistency and reliability across
different environments.
Monitoring and logging mechanisms are put in place to track the performance
and behavior of the deployed components in real-time.
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3.3 MAJOR COMPONENT ASSIGNED:
In the development of the tour management system, several major components are assigned,
each responsible for crucial functionalities within the system. Here's an elaboration on these
components:
1. User Authentication:
This component is responsible for implementing secure user authentication
and authorization mechanisms.
It ensures that only authenticated users can access the system, protecting
sensitive data and functionalities.
User authentication involves processes such as registration, login, logout,
password reset, and account management.
Security measures such as password hashing, session management, and role-
based access control (RBAC) are implemented to safeguard user accounts and
data.
2. Tour Booking Interface:
The tour booking interface serves as the frontend component responsible for
facilitating the booking process for users.
It provides a user-friendly interface for browsing available tour packages,
selecting dates, and making bookings.
Features such as real-time availability, dynamic pricing, and itinerary
customization enhance the user experience.
The interface may include interactive elements such as calendars, search
filters, and visual representations of tour options.
3. Admin Panel:
The admin panel is a backend component that offers comprehensive
management capabilities for tour operators or administrators.
It provides tools for managing tours, accommodations, bookings, and user
accounts, empowering administrators to oversee system operations effectively.
Features may include CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) functionality for
managing data entities, analytics dashboards, and reporting tools.
Access controls and permissions are enforced to ensure that only authorized
personnel can access and perform administrative tasks.
4. Payment Gateway Integration:
This component facilitates the integration of payment gateway services into
the system, enabling secure online payment processing.
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It supports various payment methods such as credit/debit cards, digital wallets,
and bank transfers, ensuring flexibility for users.
Integration with payment gateway APIs allows for seamless transaction
processing, with encryption and tokenization techniques employed to
safeguard sensitive payment information.
Confirmation messages and email notifications are generated upon successful
payment processing, providing users with transaction details and booking
confirmations.
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Chapter 4
Project Description: FLYFLEX
For the development of the FlyFlex flight booking web app, an agile methodology was
adopted to ensure flexibility, adaptability, and efficient delivery of features. The development
process followed the iterative approach of Agile, allowing for continuous feedback loops and
incremental improvements. Here's an overview of the methodology:
1. Planning:
Detailed planning sessions were conducted to identify project goals, define
user stories, and prioritize features.
A product backlog was created and regularly groomed to reflect changing
requirements and priorities.
2. Sprints:
Development was organized into time-boxed sprints, typically lasting two
weeks.
Each sprint began with sprint planning, where tasks were selected from the
backlog based on priority and complexity.
Daily stand-up meetings were held to discuss progress, address issues, and
plan for the day's work.
3. Development:
Developers worked in pairs or individually, depending on the complexity of
tasks.
Test-driven development (TDD) practices were followed to ensure code
quality and maintainability.
Continuous integration and deployment pipelines were set up to automate
testing and deployment processes.
4. Feedback and Iteration:
Regular demo sessions were conducted at the end of each sprint to gather
feedback from stakeholders.
Feedback was incorporated into subsequent iterations to refine features and
improve user experience.
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5. Continuous Improvement:
Retrospective meetings were held at the end of each sprint to reflect on the
team's performance and identify areas for improvement.
Process improvements were implemented iteratively to enhance productivity
and collaboration.
1. Component Identification:
Components were identified based on the application's UI/UX requirements
and functional specifications.
Each component was designed to encapsulate a specific piece of functionality
or user interface element.
2. Component Development:
Components were developed using React, adhering to best practices and
coding standards.
Redux was used for state management to ensure predictable behavior and
efficient data flow.
3. Testing:
Unit tests were written for each component to verify its behavior and ensure
compatibility with different scenarios.
Integration tests were conducted to validate interactions between components
and external APIs.
4. Documentation:
Comprehensive documentation was maintained for each component, including
usage instructions, props/interfaces, and examples.
5. Version Control and Collaboration:
Git was used for version control, allowing for collaborative development and
code review.
Feature branches were created for each new feature or bug fix, and pull
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4.3 MAJOR COMPONENTS ASSIGNED:
This component serves the purpose of providing users with real-time weather updates for
their travel destinations. Here's a breakdown of its functionalities:
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Flight Search Component:
The Flight Search Component enables users to search for available flights based on their
travel preferences. Here's how it operates:
1. Integration with Flight Search APIs: This component integrates with external flight
search APIs, which provide access to a database of flight schedules, availability, and
prices from various airlines. The integration allows users to search for flights by
specifying criteria such as departure city, destination, travel dates, and number of
passengers.
2. Search Filters and Sorting Options: To enhance the user experience and facilitate
decision-making, the Flight Search Component implements various search filters and
sorting options. Users can refine their search results based on factors such as price,
departure time, airline preferences, and number of layovers.
3. Results Presentation: Once the user submits a search query, the component displays
a list of available flights that match the specified criteria. Each flight listing includes
relevant details such as airline name, departure and arrival times, duration of the
flight, and ticket prices.
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In-flight Shopping Component:
This component enhances the in-flight experience by providing users with access to a variety
of products for purchase during their journey. Here's an overview of its functionalities:
1. Integration with Amazon API: The In-flight Shopping Component integrates with
the Amazon API, which grants access to a vast selection of products available on the
Amazon marketplace. This integration enables users to browse and purchase products
directly from within the FlyFlex web app.
2. Product Listings: The component displays product listings categorized into various
sections such as electronics, accessories, books, snacks, and more. Each product
listing includes a product image, title, description, price, and customer ratings to aid
users in their purchasing decisions.
3. Shopping Cart Functionality: Users can add desired items to their shopping cart
directly from the product listings page. The component maintains a virtual shopping
cart where users can review, edit, or remove items before proceeding to checkout.
4. Seamless Checkout Process: Upon completing their shopping, users can proceed to
the checkout process seamlessly within the FlyFlex web app. The component
facilitates secure payment transactions and provides users with order confirmation and
tracking details for their purchased items
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4.4 RESULTS OBTAINED:
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CONCLUSION:
Diverse Project Exposure: Through the internship, you gained hands-on experience
working on two distinct projects - the frontend of Flyflex and the MERN stack
development for Roamrise. This exposure allowed you to tackle different challenges
in web development and broaden your skill set across various technologies and
frameworks.
Specialized Frontend Expertise: Working on the frontend of Flyflex honed your
expertise in frontend development, focusing on designing user interfaces,
implementing search functionalities, and ensuring an intuitive user experience. This
specialized focus equipped you with the skills needed to create visually appealing and
user-friendly web applications.
Comprehensive Full-Stack Understanding: In addition to frontend development,
your involvement in the MERN stack development for Roamrise provided a deep
understanding of full-stack development principles. From building RESTful APIs and
handling authentication to database management with MongoDB, you gained
comprehensive knowledge of both frontend and backend aspects of web development.
Collaborative Learning Environment: Throughout the internship, you collaborated
with experienced mentors and team members, leveraging their expertise to overcome
challenges and enhance your skills. This collaborative learning environment fostered
growth and allowed you to learn best practices, receive constructive feedback, and
refine your development approach.
Preparation for Future Success: The internship experience has prepared you for
future endeavours in the web development industry by providing practical, real-world
experience, and equipping you with the skills and knowledge needed to excel. With a
diverse skill set, specialized expertise, and a solid understanding of full-stack
development, you're well-positioned to tackle complex projects and make valuable
contributions as a web developer.
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