32NPIDI Guide

Semi-structured interview- Use of Antibiotics in childhood illness management
An in-person interview will last between 45 min- a 1hour. Questions might be re-phrased, when
necessary and additional topics and probes will be included, based on the responses of the
interviewees, as well as information gathered during other data collection.
In general, all the questions in this guide should be asked, however, the order can be edited to
make the interview more conversational.
Ice breaker
Informed consent
If the first interview conducts a full consent process; if subsequent interview, remind the
participant about the nature of the study and consent process. In cases ask the participant if
they have any questions about the study or their participation in the study
Participant’s Information
Participant ID:
Age/ Gender:
Child age/ Gender:
Occupation: Group:
Interview part 1:Open-ended narrative
[Goal: to gain a narrative of experiences from the participant’s point of view before any
focused questions to gain a picture of what their experiences include.]
1. To start we would like to knowwhatyou do when your child has health problems such
as the common cold, diarrhoea or fever.
[Probe- Self medicate
 What type of medicine do you take?
Take to the hospital/ pharmacy
 Accessibility to the hospital/ pharmacy?
Home Remedy
 What kind of treatment? What if not well by home remedy?
Interview part 2: Perception toward antibiotic use
2. Could you tell me in brief what do you know about antibiotics?

[Potential probes: what is an antibiotic? How does it work? For what kind of
disease/ symptom it is used? What should be taken care of while using antibiotics?
Do you think antibiotics are different from other drugs? Why?
3. What have you heard from your family, friends and neighbors about Antibiotic use?
What are the general perceptions of these people toward antibiotics?
a. Do you know how are these people using antibiotics? How many times have you seen
them using it? What kind of antibiotics have you seen around you?
4. Have you seen or heard of some situations where your friends or family members
requested, or rejected antibiotics, shared antibiotics, keep antibiotics for future use or
stop antibiotics soon after recovery? What’s your opinion of these practices?
5. What do you think about antibiotics use?

a. How effective do you think antibiotics are for childhood illness management?
What difference have you found in the outcome of your child's illness with
antibiotics and without antibiotics? What is that?
b. Do you think antibiotics cure fever earlier than other medicine? Why or why not?
c. How has your perception of antibiotics changed over the past years? please
explain.
Interview part 3: Antibiotic Use and Access

6. Do you remember the last time anyone in the house was given an antibiotic? Who was
it for? And for what?
a. Where did you buy them?
b. Where did you get that prescription?
c. Who gave it to you?
d. How much did they cost? Was it affordable?
e. How easy was it for you to access antibiotics?
(Explore views of accessibility and cost)]?
7. When using antibiotics in consultation with a doctor, do you usually give your
children the medicine at the prescribed time and amount?
a. If your child feels better after taking 2-3 doses of antibiotic do you still
complete the full course of treatment?
b. If not completed, what are the reasons for discontinuing the antibiotics?
c. What do you think will happen when the antibiotic is discontinued without
completing the dose?
[What do you do if your child exists the same symptoms as the previous illness
(Fever, diarrhoea, ARI)?]
8. Have you ever given antibiotics to your child on your own (without consulting a
doctor)?
a. If YES,
i. On what basis do you choose the antibiotic?
ii. How do you calculate the dose?
iii. How do you estimate the duration of treatment?
iv. What makes you decide to stop treatment?
v. How do you store leftovers?
b. If No,
[What do you do if your child exists the same symptoms as the previous illness
(Fever, diarrhoea, ARI)?]
9. Why do you think people choose to get antibiotics without consulting the doctors?
[ probe- Is it expensive to see a doctor? From experience? Advise from family
members and friends?]
Interview Part 4: Attitude toward doctor’s prescription of antibiotic
10. Whenever you are prescribed an antibiotic, does the doctor explain properly about the
antibiotic administration/use? What do they say? Which is easy to follow and which is
difficult to follow
[Probe –dose, frequency, duration, route, special precaution, other special instruction]
11. How do you feel when the doctor sends you back without any antibiotic prescription?
What do you do then?
[Probe- Go to see another doctor? /Advice from salespeople at pharmacy outlet?]
a. How do you feel after receiving an antibiotic from the doctor?
Interview Part 5: Antibiotic Information

12. How do you get information on what antibiotic to use?
[Probe – health care provider (formal consultation), health care provider
(informal consultation)]
a. Where do you get the information about the use of antibiotics? Which one is
the most reliable source for you?
Interview Part 6: Antimicrobial resistance

13. Have you ever heard anything about antimicrobial resistance or antibiotic-resistant illn
esses? What have you heard? Where does this information come from?
What causes antimicrobial resistance?
a. Are you worried about antimicrobial resistance?
b. How do you think we should prevent antibiotic resistance?
c. What might be the role of an individual, society and country to reduce
antimicrobial resistance?
Interview Part 7: Wrap up
14. Is there anything else you would like to add to our discussion related to antibiotic use
and antibiotic resistance?
End interview: Thank you for your time in taking part in this interview. This information will h
elp us to develop awareness among people about the proper use of antibiotics for childhood
illness management in Nepal.

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Semi-structured interview- Use of Antibiotics in childhood illness management

Interview part 2: Perception toward antibiotic use

2. Could you tell me in brief what do you know about antibiotics?

5. What do you think about antibiotics use?

Interview part 3: Antibiotic Use and Access

Interview Part 4: Attitude toward doctor’s prescription of antibiotic

a. How do you feel after receiving an antibiotic from the doctor?

Interview Part 5: Antibiotic Information

Interview Part 6: Antimicrobial resistance

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