International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)

Vol. 11, No. 4, December 2022, pp. 319~324

ISSN: 2252-8792, DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v11.i4.pp319-324  319

ANFIS based AZSPWM methods for reduction common mode

voltage in asynchronous motor drive

R. Lingangouda1, Pradeep B. Jyoti2

1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rao Bahadur Y Mahabaleshwarappa (RYM) Engineering College, Ballari, India
2
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Proudhadeveraya Institute of Technology (PDIT), Hospet, India

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is a popular technique in
the field of variable frequency induction motor drives. It gives better
Received Aug 16, 2021 working and good direct current bus utilization in comparison to the
Revised Aug 14, 2022 sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) method. However, it decreases harmonic
Accepted Aug 20, 2022 fluctuations and generates high common mode voltage (CMV) fluctuations,
which results in common mode currents inside the motor. Hence, the
performance of the motor may be deteriorated. To reduce the CMV, this
Keywords: paper presents a family of active zero state PWM (AZSPWM) methods
using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS). The proposed
ANFIS approach uses a five-layer hybrid learning algorithm for training the
AZSPWM network. The training data is obtained from the classical SVPWM method.
CMV To analyze the proposed PWM methods, simulation is carried out using
SPWM MATLAB and evaluated.
SVPWM
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
R. Linganagouda
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Rao Bahadur Y Mahabaleshwarappa (RYM) Engineering College
Cantonment, Ballari-583104, Karanataka, India
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
The variable frequency induction motor drive (IMD) has become well known in various speed
control applications with the help of pulse width modulation (PWM) methods. A detailed survey on the
performance of various PWM methods was conducted in [1] and concluded that space vector pulse width
modulation (SVPWM) gives good performance at all modulation indices over the SPWM method. The
implementation of SVPWM was discussed in detail in [2] for the generation of pulses for the inverter.
However, the SVPWM generates high common mode voltage (CMV) fluctuations because of the null voltage
vectors. The CMV results in circulating the common mode currents (CMC), which results in leakage or
bearing currents in the motor. The modelling of this current and CMV is addressed in [3]–[5], and the effects
of CMV and CMC are described. The CMV can be reduced by using active and passive filters, which raise
the cost and weight of the structure [6].
To mitigate CMV without using the passive and active filters, various PWM methods were
developed in [7]–[13]. These PWM methods use only active vectors for the generation of pulses. These
PWM methods use different combinations to maintain the volt-time balance. Among various combinations,
one popular approach is to use two opposite active states to create an effective zero voltage. This approach is
known as the active zero state approach. By using the different combinations, three PWM methods can be
derived as explained in [13]. In all active zero state PWM (AZSPWM) methods, the modulating signals are

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320  ISSN: 2252-8792

the same as in the SVPWM method. But, the selection of the carrier signal will be different from sector to
sector.
In recent years, the usage of fuzzy and neural networks has been increasing in various applications,
as explained in [14]. In this, the modulating signals of SVPWM are derived by using the neural network
approach. The combination of fuzzy and neural networks, which is known as adaptive neuro-fuzzy
interference system (ANFIS) applications, has also increased in recent years. The implementation of
SVPWM using the ANFIS was described in [15]. In this paper, the signal variations for SVPWM and
AZSPWM methods are obtained by using the concept of ANFIS, and then the pulses are derived for
SVPWM and AZSPWM methods.

2. AZSPWM METHODS
For a 3-phase, 2-level inverter, eight voltage vectors are possible among which, two are zero states
(V0 and V7) and remaining are active states (V1 to V6) as shown in Figure 1. The allusion voltage vector
(𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 ) in Figure 1 equivalent to the required value of the fundamental components for the output voltages,
which is sampled in each slice time period (𝑇𝑠 ). In each sector with the help of corresponding active and zero
states, average voltage vector is produced for each and every sampling time period. This can be represented
as given in (1) for first sector.

𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑇𝑠 = 𝑉1 𝑇1 + 𝑉2 𝑇2 + 𝑉0 𝑇0 + 𝑉7 𝑇7 (1)

Then, the active and zero state times can be derived as given in (2), (3) and (4).

2√3 𝑝𝑖
𝑇1 = 𝑀𝑖 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( − 𝛼)) 𝑇𝑠 (2)
𝜋 3

2√3
𝑇2 = 𝑀𝑖 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼)𝑇𝑠 (3)
𝜋

𝑇𝑧 = 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 (4)

Where 𝑀𝑖 is known as modulation index and defined as 𝑀𝑖 = 𝜋𝑉ref ⁄2Vdc . The CMV is defined as the
potential difference between neutral point to middle point of dc supply of the inverter as shown in Figure 2
and given by as in (5).
𝑉𝑎𝑜 +𝑉𝑏𝑜 +𝑉𝑐𝑜
𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑚 = (5)
3

As the VSI generates pulsed voltages, the instantaneous CMV will not be zero. The CMV
magnitudes will be ± 𝑉𝑑𝑐 ⁄6 and ± 𝑉𝑑𝑐 ⁄2 for active and zero states respectively. As the SVPWM technique
uses two zero states in each 𝑇𝑠 , it generates high CMV variations. Hence, to mitigate the CMV, the proposed
AZSPWM methods will not use zero states and in order to create effective zero state, two converse active
vectors will be used. The application of voltage vectors in each sector is given in Table 1 for SVPWM and
AZSPWM methods.

Figure 1. Voltage space vectors of a 3-phase, 2-level inverter

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Int J Appl Power Eng ISSN: 2252-8792  321

Figure 2. 3-phase, 2-level inverter

Table 1. Volt-time balance sequence of SVPWM and AZSPWM methods

Sector SVPWM AZSPWM1 AZSPWM2 AZSPWM3
1 0127-7210 3216-6123 5122-2215 4211-1124
2 0327-7230 4321-1234 6233-3326 5322-2235
3 0347-7430 5432-2345 1344-4431 6433-3346
4 0547-7450 6543-3456 2455-5542 1544-4451
5 0567-7650 1654-4561 3566-6653 2655-5562
6 0167-7610 2165-5612 4611-1164 3166-6613

3. ANFIS APPROACH FOR PROPOSED AZSPWM METHODS

The schematic diagram of 2-level inverter fed induction motor with the proposed ANFIS approach
is shown in Figure 3. The d, q-axes sampled voltages are the inputs for ANFIS block to generate the
modulating signals of SVPWM method as explained in [15]. The rule procedure and structure of the ANFIS
is explained in detailed in [15]. After obtaining the modulating signals of SVPWM algorithm, these will be
collating with a common triangular signal to obtain the sampling pattern of SVPWM algorithm. Whereas, for
the generation of pulse pattern of AZSPWM methods both positive and negative carrier signals will be used
as given in Table 2 in each sector [13].

Figure 3. Proposed ANFIS based PWM methods

Table 2. Generation of pulse pattern of AZSPWM methods

Methods Phase A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
ASPWM1 A −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖
B +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖
C −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖
ASPWM2 A −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖
B −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖
C +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖
ASPWM3 A +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖
B −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖
C −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 −𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖 +𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑖

4. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

To validate the SVPWM and AZSPWM algorithms, simulation is performed with the help of
MATLAB platform. The study is done with switching frequency of 5 kHz. The IM rating referred for case
study is of 4- KW, 400-V, 1470- rpm, 4-pole, 50 -Hz, 3-phase IM having the following variables: Rs=1.57-Ω,
ANFIS based AZSPWM methods for reduction common mode voltage … (R. Lingangouda)
322  ISSN: 2252-8792

Rr =1.21-Ω, Ls=0.17-H, Lr=0.17-H, Lm =0.165 -H and J=0.089-Kg.m2. The outcomes are presented in
Figures 4 to Figure 7 with the harmonic distortion of IL (Line current). From the results, it is concluded that
the AZSPWM methods will mitigate the CMV with slightly high harmonic fluctuations.

(a) (b)

Figure 4. Steady state graphs and CMV for SVPWM data stand on (a) v/f control IM drive and
(b) spectrum of IL distortion

(a) (b)

Figure 5. Steady state graphs and CMV for AZSPWM1 data stand on (a) v/f control IM drive and
(b) spectrum of IL

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Int J Appl Power Eng ISSN: 2252-8792  323

(a) (b)

Figure 6. Steady state graphs and CMV for AZSPWM2 data stand on (a) v/f control IM drive and
(b) spectrum of IL distortion

(a) (b)

Figure 7. Steady state graphs and CMV for AZSPWM3 data stand on (a) v/f control IM drive and
(b) spectrum of IL distortion

5. CONCLUSION
The SVPWM gives good steady state performance and popular in various applications. But it
exhibits more CMV fluctuations due to the usage of zero state. Hence, to reduce the CMV, in this paper
ANFIS based AZSPWM methods are presented avoiding Zero State. To prove the effectiveness, simulation
Analysis has been done and output are tabulated. From the output results, it is finalized that the AZSPWM
methods give high harmonic fluctuations due to the opposing signals in the V L. But, the AZSPWM methods
give reduced CMV variations compared to SVPWM method.

ANFIS based AZSPWM methods for reduction common mode voltage … (R. Lingangouda)
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

R. Linganagouda Graduated in the year 2009 from VTU Belagavi, Karnataka &
M. Tech from VTU Belagavi, and Karnataka in the year 2012. He is currently pursuing Ph. D
at VTU Belagavi, Karnataka. He is presently working as Assistant Professor in the Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at RYM Engineering college Ballari, Karanataka,
India. His research areas include PWM techniques, and Analysis of common mode voltage of
Induction motor drives. He can be contacted at email: [email protected].

Pradeep B. Jyoti Graduated from Karnataka University Dharwad, Karnataka in

the year 1986, M.E from Gulbarga University, Gulbarga in the year 1989 and Ph.D at
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Indiain the year 2014. He is presently
working as Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, at PDIT,
Hosapete, India. His research areas include SVPWM techniques, and Vector control of
electrical drives. He can be contacted at email: [email protected].

Int J Appl Power Eng, Vol. 11, No. 4, December 2022: 319-324