International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)

Vol. 12, No. 4, December 2023, pp. 416~428

ISSN: 2252-8792, DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v12.i4.pp416-428  416

A novel voltage lifting technique of switched-inductor cell based

modified LUO converter topology for water pumping system

Aseela Sweatha1, Balasubramanian Baskaran1, P. Duraipandy2

1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
2
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, J. B. Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: The persistent exhaustion of traditional energy sources with their impacts on
the environment has been initiating a significant interest in a selection of
Received Jan 22, 2023 renewable-energy sources (RES) based water-pumping system. Among
Revised Aug 1, 2023 several renewable sources, solar-PV is the most promising and practical
Accepted Aug 16, 2023 source for water-pumping applications that can be easily installed on a
building's roof. The available solar-PV energy is integrated to AC electric
motor through front-end DC-DC boost converter topology. Among the
Keywords: various DC-DC converter topologies, a novel switched-inductor type
modified LUO converter has been proposed for solar-PV powered water
Modified LUO converter pumping system. The proposed switched-inductor type modified LUO
Solar-PV system (SI-MLUO) converter have simple structure which delivers high voltage
Switched-inductor cell gain with low leakage currents, low current ripples, reduced voltage spikes,
Voltage-lifting technique low dv/dt stress and high efficiency over the several conventional DC-DC
Water-pumping system converters. The operating modes and performance of proposed SI-MLUO
converter topology is verified by using MATLAB/Simulink tool, simulation
results are validated with conventional topologies.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Aseela Sweatha
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Annamalai University
Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu-608002, India
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
Water has become more important than ever before as population growth has increased the demand
for it. In rural areas, the significant energy source for lifting water from canals, rivers, ponds has become
increasingly important in recent days [1]. The stand-alone solar-PV operated water-pumping system has been
widely installed in rural areas for irrigation, household and drinking purposes. It excludes the usage of
traditional diesel-operated pumping systems because of increased oil prices in global markets, environmental
implications, high maintenance cost, low efficiency, short life-time and forced to adopt new alternative [2].
The renewable energy sources (RES) have extensive potentiality to limit the severe causes coming
from diesel-operated pumping system. Also, many researchers or engineers are highly focused towards the
renewable energy driven pumping system [3]. Globally, sincere efforts are being made to adopt renewable
energy for social and economic growth. Among several renewable sources, solar-PV is the most promising
and practical source for water-pumping applications that can be easily installed on a building's roof [4]–[6].
The solar-PV powered water pumping system is established to be eco-friendly, more economical, more
reliable with low maintenance factor, high life span it can produce 20% to 38% of more energy compared to
traditional pumping system [7]–[9]. The generalized block diagram of solar-PV powered water pumping
system is shown in Figure 1.

Journal homepage: http://ijape.iaescore.com

Int J Appl Power Eng ISSN: 2252-8792  417

Figure 1. Generalized block diagram of solar-PV powered water pumping system

Generally, the solar-PV driven pumping system comprises of several components such as, solar-PV
panel, front-end DC-DC converter, DC-AC inverter, AC electric motor, control unit, sensors, mechanical
pump, storage unit and water outlet, so on. The available solar-PV energy is integrated to AC electric motor
through power-electronic conversion interface, such interface comprises of DC-AC inverter followed by
front-end DC-DC boost converter. The front-end DC-DC converter with high voltage boost capability is
widely used in an energy conversion operation at voltage ranges from millivolts to kilovolts levels [10]–[13].
Generally, it converts low DC to high DC voltage by temporarily stored some energy in inductors or
capacitors and delivers to load at higher levels. Some of prominent basic DC-DC converters are boost
converter [14], CUK, SEPIC, LUO type converters [15] and so on. These basic DC-DC converters are
inappropriate because, which are mostly functioned in high duty ratio’s for producing higher voltage levels.
In recent time, various DC-DC boost topologies have been explored to achieve higher voltage gain by
modernization of basic DC-DC converter topology by including voltage multiplier or sub-module circuits. In
this approach, features, technical analysis, merits and demerits of basic and modern DC-DC converter
topologies for solar-PV powered water pumping system are presented in [16].
The main background of this work is from various literatures, Babaei and Mahmoodieh [17] proposed
the design considerations of SEPIC converter for calculation of ripple factor in output-voltage under certain
range of load resistance and input DC voltage. Varma and Ramkumar [18] proposes the novel modified non-
isolated SEPIC converter for solar pumping system, it produces the high boost voltage without using any
coupled inductors and coupled transformers. Tuvar and Ayalani [19] presents the technical analysis of
interleaved non-isolated modified-CUK converter for high voltage gain application. Along with voltage gain,
this converter reduces the ripple content and low settling time under load variations. Anbarasan et al. [20]
proposes the solar-PV integrated grid connected system by using basic LUO converter topology. Most of
researchers and practitioners are more interested on LUO converter due to simple operation, high voltage
gain, compact structure, greater power density, high efficiency, reduced ripple content and inrush current.
Pansare et al. [21] proposed the positive output modified LUO converter for solar-PV system. This modified
LUO converter topology produces the high voltage gain, greater power capacity by utilizing the inductors
and capacitors which are combined as sub-modules [21]–[23].
The above-studied converter topologies are not suited for this application due to several demerits
such as requires more switching elements; it increases the dv/dt stress, complex design, high switching loss
and reduced efficiency [24], [25]. The major problem in conventional topologies are, coupled inductors,
multi-winding transformers can be adopted but [26], it has high leakage inductance, owing to high current
ripples, more complicated design and requires large number of windings for attaining high-voltage gain. The
proposed solution, an inventive idea of modified LUO converter topology has been developed to overcome
above demerits by employing switched-inductors for lifting the voltage gain at load terminals. In this regard,
a novel switched-inductor type modified LUO converter (SI-MLUO) has been proposed for solar-PV
powered water pumping system. The proposed SI-MLUO converter delivers the high voltage gain, simple
structure, low leakage currents, low current ripples, reduced voltage spikes, low dv/dt stress and high
efficiency over the several conventional DC-DC converters. The operation and performance of proposed
SI-MLUO converter topology is verified by using MATLAB/Simulink tool, simulation results are validated
with conventional topologies.
A novel voltage lifting technique of switched-inductor cell based … (Aseela Sweatha)
418  ISSN: 2252-8792

2. PROPOSED METHOD
The proposed SI-MLUO converter is comes in non-isolated converter category; it transforms low
voltage to high voltage and maintains constant DC voltage at load terminals. The proposed SI-MLUO
converter is designed based on basic LUO converter, the main inductor in LUO converter is replaced with
reduced rating of one switched-inductor cell. In fact, the switched-inductor cells reduce the leakage currents,
low spikes at switches and have major advantages such as simple structure, high voltage gain in low duty
ratio’s, continuous input current, low dv/dt switch stress and high efficiency. The high voltage boosting
capability of proposed SI-MLUO converter is attained by using low switching elements and SI cell, it may
operate either in continuous or discontinuous conduction modes (CCM/DCM) with aero current function in
DCM mode. In reality, the operation of SI-MLUO converter is more significant in CCM because of load
reliance on voltage boost capability, high current ripples, more voltage spikes and low efficiency are the key
issues faced in DCM operation.
The schematic diagram of proposed SI-MLUO converter is shown in Figure 2. It consists of one
MOSFET switch Sa1, one switched inductor cell named as SI cell-1, one boosting capacitor Ca1, one clamping
diode Da3, one output capacitor Co and one output diode Do, respectively which energizes the resistive load Ro.
The SI cell-1 comprises of two inductors named as La1, La2, three diodes named as Da1, Da2, and Da12,
respectively. The proposed converter topology is generally powered by input DC voltage of V in1 and produces
high voltage gain and constant output voltage Vo at load terminals. The high voltage at load terminal is
produced by energizing the respective inductors in SI cell and boost capacitor symmetrically through
sequential switching of switch Sa1 by means of output diode Do and output capacitor Co in a certain manner.

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology

The operating modes and steady-state analysis of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology is
depicted in Figure 3 and explained clearly as below:
− Mode-I (t0-t1): during this operating mode-I, the switch Sa1 is switched-on by giving the gate-pulses
produced by gate-drive circuitry. The input DC voltage Vin1, energizes the boost capacitor Ca1 and also
charging the inductors in SI cell La1, La2 through SI cell diode of Da1, Da2, respectively. It has been stored
some energy through switch Sa1 as parallel charging technique. Then, voltage across two inductors in SI
cell of La1, La2 is VLa1, VLa2 which is equal to the input DC voltage of Vin1. Although, the input DC current
Iin1 is continuously flow towards boost capacitor and inductors of SI cell of C a1, La1 and La2, the current
flow in capacitor and SI cell inductors are iCa1, iLa1 and iLa2 which is linearly increased. So, the input DC
current doesn’t flow to resistive load because of, the output diode D o is in reverse-biased due to switch Sa1
is in conduction region. Thus, the output capacitor Co provides the continuous energy to load Ro and the
maintains output voltage Vo is constant until switch Sa1 comes to non-conduction state. The operating
mode-I of proposed SI-MLUO converter is shown in Figure 3(a).
− Mode-II (t1-t2): during this operating mode-II, the switch Sa1 is switched-OFF by terminating the gate-
pulses produced by gate-drive circuitry. Then the, energy stored in inductors of SI cell-1 La1, La2 and
boost capacitor Ca1 are de-energized through diode of Da12 and output diode Do. It has been delivered
energy to resistive load with input voltage Vin1 as series dis-charging technique. Hence, the voltage across
two inductors in SI cell of La1, La2 is -VLa1, -VLa2 which is equal to the boost capacitor voltage of V C1.

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Int J Appl Power Eng ISSN: 2252-8792  419

Although, the load current IO is continuously flow towards boost capacitor and inductors of SI cell of C a1,
La1 and La2 and decreased linearly and delivers energy to load and output DC capacitor C o. So, the current
continuously flow to resistive load due to output diode D o is in forward-biased and switch Sa1 is in non-
conduction region which produces high voltage gain at load terminals.

(a) (b)

Figure 3. Operating modes of proposed MLUO converter (a) mode-I and (b) mode-II

Thus, the switched inductors and boost capacitor provides the continuous energy to load Ro and
maintains output voltage Vo is constant until switch Sa1 comes to conduction state. The operating mode-II of
proposed SI-MLUO converter is shown in Figure 3(b). The typical waveforms of proposed SI-MLUO
converter are shown in Figure 4. The steady-state analysis of proposed SI-MLUO converter is illustrated by
using voltage-second balance principle, The average value of voltage induced in the switched-inductors are
represented as:

𝑉𝐿𝑎1 = 𝑉𝐿𝑎2 = 0 (1)

during mode-1 (Sa1 ON, ton=DT), the voltage induced and current flow in the switched inductors are
formulated as:

𝑉𝐿𝑎1 = 𝑉𝐿𝑎2 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛1 (2)

𝑉𝐶𝑎1 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛1 (3)

𝑉𝑖𝑛1
𝐼𝐿𝑎1 (𝑡) = 𝐼𝐿𝑎2 (𝑡) = (4)
𝐿

during mode-II, (Sa1 OFF, ton=(1-D)T), the voltage induced and current flow at load terminals are
formulated as (5).

𝑉𝑖𝑛1 − 𝑉𝐿𝑎1 − 𝑉𝐿𝑎2 + 𝑉𝐶𝑎1 − 𝑉𝑂 = 0 (5)

Based on switch-OFF period, the induced voltages are expressed as (6).

3𝑉𝑖𝑛1 − 𝑉𝑂
𝑉𝐿𝑎1 = 𝑉𝐿𝑎2 = (6)
2

According to principle of volt-sec balance principle across the switched inductors La1 and La2 as expressed
as (7).
3𝑉𝑖𝑛1 − 𝑉𝑂
𝑉𝑖𝑛1 𝐷𝑇 + (1 − 𝐷)𝑇 = 0 (7)
2

Therefore, the relation for voltage gain ratio can be expressed as in (8).
𝑉𝑂 4−𝐷
= (8)
𝑉𝑖𝑛1 1−𝐷

The (8) can be simplified and the final voltage gain (VGCCM) is expressed in (9).
A novel voltage lifting technique of switched-inductor cell based … (Aseela Sweatha)
420  ISSN: 2252-8792

Vo 4−𝐷
VGCCM (boost)= = (9)
Vin 1−𝐷

Figure 4. Typical waveforms of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The performance of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology is verified by using MATLAB/Simulink
tool, simulation results are validated with conventional topologies. The MATLAB/Simulink design
specifications of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology are illustrated in Table 1.

Table1. Design specifications

S.No Design specifications Values S.No Design specifications Values
1 Input DC voltage Vin1=65 V 6 Output capacitor Co=470 µF
2 Output DC voltage Vo=500 V 7 Switching frequency Fs=50 KHz
3 Output DC power Po-1 KW 8 Resistive load RL=250 Ω
4 Switched inductors La1=La2 =10 mH 9 Duty ratio D-55%
5 Boost capacitor Co=15µF

3.1. Performance of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology

The simulation results of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology have been presented as shown in
Figure 5 (see Appendix). The proposed SI-MLUO converter topology is energized with input DC voltage Vin1-
65 V for charging the switched inductors to attain required voltage at load terminals as depicted in Figure 5(a).
It delivers the required load voltage of 500 V with a load current of 2 A to drive the resistive load as shown in
Figures 5(b) and 5(c). The switching pulses of switch Sa1 is given by switching frequency of 50 KHz as shown
in Figure 5(d). The switched-inductors La1, La2 of SI cell are charged by switching the switch Sa1 through gate-
pulses, then the inductors are charged linearly in a positive-slope region with an average current iLa1, iLa2 of
0.59 A and voltage across inductor VLa1, VLa2 of 60 A as shown in Figures 5(e) and 5(f).

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Int J Appl Power Eng ISSN: 2252-8792  421

The voltage across diodes and diode currents of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology is shown in
Figure 6 (see Appendix). In mode-I, the switch Sa1 is to be conducted, the voltage appeared across the switch
is zero and maximum current flow during switch-ON of Sa1 of 21 A. Likewise, in mode-II, the switch Sa1 is
to be non-conducted and then the zero current flow and some voltages are appeared across switch S a1 during
OFF-state i.e., 220 V as shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b). In mode-I, the diodes Da1, Da2 are in forward bias
and Da12 are in reverse-bias, thus the average current flow of diodes during these modes is 0.55 A, 0.55 A,
0.6 A, and some voltage is appeared across the diodes is -75 A, -75 A, and -60 A, respectively as shown in
Figures 6(c) and 6(d). The diodes Da3 is in forward bias in mode-I and Da3 is in reverse-bias in mode-II, thus
the average current flow through diode during these modes is 14 A, and voltage appeared across the diode
is -220 A, respectively as shown in Figures 6(e) and 6(f).
The current and voltage across load-side capacitor/diodes of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology
is shown in Figure 7 (see Appendix). The boost capacitor Ca1 is in forward bias during mode-I and reverse
bias in mode-II, thus the average current flow through capacitor these modes are 14 A and voltage appeared
across the diode is 64 A as shown in Figures 7(a) and 7(b). The diode DO is in reverse-bias during mode-I
and DO is in forward-bias during mode-II, thus the average current flow through output diode during these
modes is 2.7 A and the voltage appeared across diode during these modes is -220 V as shown in Figures 7(c)
and 7(d). And also, the maximum current flow through output capacitor during these operating modes is
1.8 A is shown in Figure 7(e).
The comparison of voltage gain (MCCM) vs duty ratio (D) in conventional and proposed SI-MLUO
DC-DC boost converter topology is illustrated in Table 2. The proposed SI-MLUO converter topology
produces high voltage gain over the various conventional basic and modified DC-DC converters. The
comparison of semi-conductor devices and energy storage devices in conventional and proposed SI-MLUO
converter topologies is illustrated in Table 3. The proposed SI-MLUO converter topology requires low semi-
conductor and energy storage devices over the various conventional basic and modified DC-DC converters.

Table 2. Comparison of voltage gain (MCCM) vs duty ratio (D) in conventional and proposed SI-MLUO
DC-DC boost converters
Type of Converter Voltage Gain Duty Ratio (D)
(MCCM) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Basic SEPIC converter [17] 𝐷 0.11 0.25 0.42 0.66 1 1.5 2.33 4 9
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛
Modified SEPIC converter [18] 1+𝐷 1.35 1.87 2.65 3.88 6 10 18.89 45 190
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷)2 𝑖𝑛
Basic CUK converter [19] 𝐷 0.11 0.25 0.42 0.66 1 1.5 2.33 4 9
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛
Modified CUK converter [19] 1 1.24 1.56 2.04 2.77 4 6.25 11.12 25 100
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷)2 𝑖𝑛
Basic LUO converter [20] 𝐷 0.11 0.25 0.42 0.66 1 1.5 2.33 4 9
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛
Modified re-lift positive-output LUO 2 2.22 2.5 2.85 3.33 4 5 6.66 10 20
𝑉0 = 𝑉
converter [21] (1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛
Proposed SI-MLUO converter 4−𝐷 4.33 4.75 5.28 6 7 8.5 11 16 31
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛

Table 3. Comparison of semi-conductor devices and energy storage devices in conventional and proposed
SI-MLUO DC-DC boost converters
Converter topology Output gain No. of semi-conductor device No. of energy storage devices
Diodes Switches Capacitors Inductors
Basic SEPIC converter [17] 𝐷 1 1 2 2
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛
Modified SEPIC converter [18] 1+𝐷 4 1 4 3
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷)2 𝑖𝑛
Basic CUK converter [19] 𝐷 1 1 2 2
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛
Modified CUK converter [19] 1 3 2 3 3
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷)2 𝑖𝑛
Basic LUO converter [20] 𝐷 1 1 2 2
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛
Modified re-lift positive-output LUO 2 5 1 4 3
𝑉0 = 𝑉
converter [21] (1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛
Proposed SI-MLUO converter 4−𝐷 4 1 2 2
𝑉0 = 𝑉
(1 − 𝐷) 𝑖𝑛

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422  ISSN: 2252-8792

4. CONCLUSION
In this work, a novel switched-inductor cell based modified LUO converter has been proposed and it
is best suited converter for solar-PV powered pumping system. The SI-MLUO is the most significant
converter topology for transforming high voltage gain at load terminals by utilizing reduced switching
devices and energy storage elements. The proposed SI-MLUO converter requires only 1 switch, 4 diodes, 1
SI cell, and 2 capacitors over the conventional basic and modified DC-DC converters as presented in
literature. The proposed SI-MLUO converter topology produces nearly 8 times gain voltage of input DC
voltage operated with a duty ratio of D-0.55, with a calculated efficiency of 92.5%. Moreover, the proposed
SI-MLUO converter have recognized advantages such as, low leakage currents, low spikes, and continuous
input current. The proposed SI-MLUO converter has gained more interest to develop a cascaded connection
of multiple SI-MLUO converters for attaining high voltage gain with low duty-ratio has been proposed
in future.

APPENDIX

(a)

(b)

Figure 5. Simulink results of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology: (a) input DC voltage and
(b) output DC voltage

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Int J Appl Power Eng ISSN: 2252-8792  423

(c)

(d)

(e)

Figure 5. Simulink results of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology: (c) output DC current,
(d) switching/gate pulses of switch Sa1, and (e) inductor currents of La1, La2 (continue)

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424  ISSN: 2252-8792

(f)

Figure 5. Simulink results of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology: (f) voltage across inductors La1, La2
(continue)

(a)

(b)

Figure 6. Voltage across diodes and diode currents of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology:
(a) switch Sa1 current and (b) voltage across switch Sa1

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Int J Appl Power Eng ISSN: 2252-8792  425

(c)

(d)

(e)

Figure 6. Voltage across diodes and diode currents of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology: (c) diode Da1,
Da2, and Da12 currents, (d) voltage across diodes Da1, Da2, and Da12, and (e) diode Da3 current (continue)

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426  ISSN: 2252-8792

(f)

Figure 6. Voltage across diodes and diode currents of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology:
(f) voltage across diode Da3 (continue)

(a)

(b)

(c)

Figure 7. Current and voltage across load-side capacitor/diodes of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology:
(a) capacitor Ca1 current, (b) voltage across capacitor Ca1, and (c) diode DO current

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Int J Appl Power Eng ISSN: 2252-8792  427

(d)

(e)

Figure 7. Current and voltage across load-side capacitor/diodes of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology:
(d) voltage across diode DO, and (e) capacitor CO current (continue)

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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Aseela Sweatha is a Research Scholar in Electrical and Electronics Department from

Annamalai University since 2017. Graduated Under Graduation and Post Graduation from
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University affiliated College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India during
the year 2008 and 2011 respectively. Worked as an Assistant Professor during the years 2012 to
2018 in Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, affiliated colleges, Hyderabad. Field of
interest is on improved power quality converter and voltage lifting techniques applied to converter
suitable for drive applications used in electric vehicles. Switching devices, power converters, and
its application in various systems for power control. She can be contacted at email:
[email protected].

Dr. Balasubramanian Baskaran presently working as Professor in Department of

Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram. He has obtained his Under Graduation
and Post-Graduation degree from Annamalai University during the year 1985 and 1991 respectively.
He has upgraded with Ph.D. degree in the area of Matrix Converter and their Applications in the year
2012. His field of interest includes improved power quality converter and their applications in the
field of hybrid electric vehicles and renewable power harvesting. He has guided 6 Ph.D. scholars in
the area of voltage lifting techniques applied to ZETA, SEPIC, LUO, interleaved boost converters for
drive applications. He has around 40 international journals to his credit. Presently he is involved in
commissioning of renewable energy based interleaved boost converter fed marine. He can be
contacted at email: [email protected].

Dr. P. Duraipandy completed his B.E. and M.E. in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering and Power System Engineering in the year 2004 and 2006, respectively, from K.L.N
College of Engineering, Madurai and Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Engineering, Krishnankoil.
He is awarded doctoral degree from Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (KARE),
Krishnankoil-626126, Tamil Nadu, India, in January, 2017. He is presently working as Associate
Professor and Head of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, J. B. Institute of
Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. He has published 3 book chapters, 19
papers in international journals (SCI- 6; Scopus-8; UGC-5) and 39 papers in conferences (INC–22
and NC–17). He has 6 patent works as a Co-Inventor Published in Indian Patent Office Journal and 1
patent work granted in Australian Patent Office. His research interest includes power system voltage
stability analysis, smart grid, FACTS, evolutionary algorithms, and artificial neural networks. He can
be contacted at email: [email protected].

Int J Appl Power Eng, Vol. 12, No. 4, December 2023: 416-428