Revision Question Booklet for Grade 11 SL Chemistry

1. Ethanedioic acid is a diprotic acid. A student determined the value of x in the formula of
hydrated ethanedioic acid, - , by titrating a known mass of the acid with
a solution of 0.795 g of ethanedioic acid was dissolved in distilled water and made up to a
total volume of 250 cm3in a volumetric flask.
of this ethanedioic acid solution was pipetted into a flask and titrated against aqueous
sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein as an indicator.
The titration was then repeated twice to obtain the results below.

State the uncertainty of the volume of NaOH added in.

1b. Calculate the average volume of NaOH added, in , in titrations 2 and 3, and then
calculate the amount, in mol, of NaOH added.

1c. (i) The equation for the reaction taking place in the titration is:
 − −
Determine the amount, in mol, of ethanedioic acid that reacts with the average volume of
.

(ii) Determine the amount, in mol, of ethanedioic acid present in of the original
solution.

(iii) Determine the molar mass of hydrated ethanedioic acid.

(iv) Determine the value of x in the formula − .

1d. Identify the strongest intermolecular force in solid ethanedioic acid.

1e.Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure of ethanedioic acid, HOOC−COOH.

2a. 0.100 g of magnesium ribbon is added to of sulfuric acid to produce

hydrogen gas and magnesium sulfate.

(i) The graph shows the volume of hydrogen produced against time under these experimental
conditions.

Sketch two curves, labelled I and II, to show how the volume of hydrogen produced (under the
same temperature and pressure) changes with time when:
I. using the same mass of magnesium powder instead of a piece of magnesium ribbon;
II. 0.100 g of magnesium ribbon is added to of sulfuric acid.
 (ii) Outline why it is better to measure the volume of hydrogen produced against time rather
than the loss of mass of reactants against time.

2b.Magnesium sulfate can exist in either the hydrated form or in the anhydrous form. Two
students wished to determine the enthalpy of hydration of anhydrous magnesium sulfate. They
measured the initial and the highest temperature reached when anhydrous magnesium sulfate,
, was dissolved in water. They presented their results in the following table.

(i) Calculate the amount, in mol, of anhydrous magnesium sulfate.

(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change, , for anhydrous magnesium sulfate dissolving in water,
in . State your answer to the correct number of significant figures.
2c.The students repeated the experiment using 6.16 g of solid hydrated magnesium sulfate,
, and of water. They found the enthalpy change, , to be
.
The enthalpy of hydration of solid anhydrous magnesium sulfate is difficult to determine
experimentally, but can be determined using the diagram below.

(i) Determine the enthalpy change, , in , for the hydration of solid anhydrous
magnesium sulfate, .
(ii) The literature value for the enthalpy of hydration of anhydrous magnesium sulfate is
. Calculate the percentage difference between the literature value and the value
determined from experimental results, giving your answer to one decimal place. (If you did not
obtain an answer for the experimental value in (c)(i) then use the value of , but
this is not the correct value.)

2d. Another group of students experimentally determined an enthalpy of hydration of

. Outline two reasons which may explain the variation between the experimental
and literature values.
2e. Hydrochloric acid neutralizes sodium hydroxide, forming sodium chloride and water.

(i) Define the term standard enthalpy change of reaction, .

(ii) Determine the amount of energy released, in kJ, when of
sodium hydroxide solution reacts with of hydrochloric acid
solution.
(iii) In an experiment, 2.50 g of solid sodium hydroxide was dissolved in of water.
The temperature rose by 13.3 °C. Calculate the standard enthalpy change, in , for
dissolving one mole of solid sodium hydroxide in water.

(iv) Using relevant data from previous question parts, determine , in , for the
reaction of solid sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.

2f. Define the term average bond enthalpy.

2f.The following equation represents a combustion reaction of propane, when the
oxygen supply is limited.

(i) Determine , the enthalpy change of the reaction, in , using average bond
enthalpy data from Table 10 of the Data Booklet. The bond enthalpy for the carbon-oxygen
bond in carbon monoxide, CO, is .
(ii) The CO molecule has dative covalent bonding. Identify a nitrogen-containing positive ion
which also has this type of bonding.

3 d.Define the term activation energy, Ea.

3.e.Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber process in which iron is used as a catalyst. Explain
the effect of a catalyst on the rate of reaction.

3.f.Sketch the Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution curve for a reaction, labelling both axes
and showing the activation energy with and without a catalyst.

x y
4. The electron configuration of chromium can be expressed as [Ar]4s 3d .

(i) Explain what the square brackets around argon, [Ar], represent.

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(1)

(ii) State the values of x and y.

x: ..................................................................................................................................

y: ..................................................................................................................................
(1)
 (iii) Annotate the diagram below showing the 4s and 3d orbitals for a chromium atom
using an arrow, and , to represent a spinning electron.

4s 3d
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

13. (i) State whether aqueous solutions of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride are
acidic, alkaline or neutral.
(1)

(ii) State an equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and water.
(1)
(Total 2 marks)

21. The percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshell was determined by adding excess
hydrochloric acid to ensure that all the calcium carbonate had reacted. The excess acid left
was then titrated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.
3 –3
(a) A student added 27.20 cm of 0.200 mol dm HCl to 0.188 g of eggshell. Calculate
the amount, in mol, of HCl added.

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(1)
 3 –3
(b) The excess acid requires 23.80 cm of 0.100 mol dm NaOH for neutralization.
Calculate the amount, in mol, of acid that is in excess.

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(1)

(c) Determine the amount, in mol, of HCl that reacted with the calcium carbonate in the
eggshell.

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(1)

(d) State the equation for the reaction of HCl with the calcium carbonate in the eggshell.

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(2)

(e) Determine the amount, in mol, of calcium carbonate in the sample of the eggshell.

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(2)
(f) Calculate the mass and the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in the eggshell
sample.

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(3)

(g) Deduce one assumption made in arriving at the percentage of calcium carbonate in
the eggshell sample.

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(1)
(Total 11 marks)