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    GENERALAO - Follicular Lymphoma - PPT

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    Rhotzyll Cyrus Generalao
    Follicular Lymphoma Report

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    GENERALAO - Follicular Lymphoma - PPT

    Uploaded by

    Rhotzyll Cyrus Generalao
    5 views18 pages
    Follicular Lymphoma Report

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    GENERALAO_Follicular Lymphoma_PPT

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    Follicular Lymphoma Report

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views18 pages

    GENERALAO - Follicular Lymphoma - PPT

    Uploaded by

    Rhotzyll Cyrus Generalao
    Follicular Lymphoma Report

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Follicular

    Lymphoma
    A Type of an Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

    By: Rhotzyll Cyrus S. Generalao


    What is
    Follicular
    Lymphoma?
    Follicular Lymphoma is an indolent type of non-
    hodgkin lymphoma which is a slow growing
    cancer that often remains localized or causes
    few symptoms.
    ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    Primary lymphoid tissues Lymph nodes
    in the bone marrow, and enter the small, bean-shaped structures, usually
    circulation as mature naïve B cells measuring between 0.2 and 2 cm
    The lymph node can be separated into
    Secondary lymphoid tissues
    three cellular compartments: the cortex,
    naïve B and T cells encounter foreign
    paracortex, and medulla.
    antigens and undergo antigen-
    The cortex contains lymphoid follicles
    dependent maturation in the lymph
    composed mostly of B cells
    nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated
    lymphoid tissue (MALT)
    Lymphatic fluid containing antigens from
    Lymphatic vessels tissues enters the lymph node via the
    present throughout most of the body, afferent lymphatics, and flows into
    and drain excess interstitial fluid from subcapsular, intermediate, and
    tissues, eventually returning the fluid to medullary sinuses, before exiting through
    the circulation via the subclavian veins. the efferent lymphatics.
    ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
    Etiology
    Unkown
    Unlike some cancers, they are not passed down in families.

    Risk Factors
    Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors
    Sedentary Lifestyle
    Age (60 years old and above)
    medications that suppress the immune
    Sex (Woman)
    system
    Congenital
    Infection with certain viruses and
    Immunodeficiencies
    bacteria
    Translocation
    Immune System Disorder
    Race (Caucasians)
    Obesity
    Pathophysiology of
    Follicular Lymphoma
    Pathophysiology

    Congenital immuno Inection with certain


    defiencies viruses and bacteria

    Translocation

    overexpression of an anti-
    apoptotic protein

    affecting proto-oncogenes, cell cycle regulation


    and apoptotic pathways

    Genome damage

    Monoclonal proliferation of B
    lymphoid cell

    Infected B cells gathers in


    lymphoid tissue

    Follicular Lymphoma
    Symptoms

    B-Cell Vascular
    Symptoms Obstructon

    Drenchng
    Fever Weight loss
    Night sweat
    GRADING SYSTEM OF
    FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA
    The grading system depends on the percentage of centroblasts,
    and is as follows:

    grade 1 (follicular small cleaved): 0 – 5


    centroblasts/HPF,
    grade 2 (follicular mixed): 6 – 15 centroblasts/HPF,
    grade 3 (follicular large cell): > 15 centroblasts/HPF
    grade 3A - centrocytes present
    grade 3B - solid sheets of centroblasts
    Diagnostic Tools

    Computed Tomography
    Physical examinatio (CT) Scan

    Positron Emission
    Biopsy Tomography (PET) Scan

    Blood Test

    Immunohistochemistry Bone Marrow Aspiration


    Medical Management
    Grade 3B Grade 1-3A Stage 1

    R-CHOP Radiation Therapy

    Monoclonal antibodies such as


    rituximab (Rituxan) and Relapse
    obinutuzumab (Gazyva).

    Stem cell transplant

    Stage
    Chemotherapy such as
    Tazemetostat (Tazverik)

    Bundamustine with 2-4


    immunotherapy
    Prognosis If Treated
    People with stage I follicular For people with stage II, III, or IV
    lymphoma can achieve long-term disease, the average survival is
    remissions with radiation therapy. greater than 20 years. (Freedman &
    (Freedman & Friedberg, 2023) Friedberg, 2023)

    Researchers have developed a way to


    estimate how long a person with lymphoma is
    likely to live based on what they call the
    "Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic
    Index" (FLIPI) (Freedman & Friedberg, 2023)

    The five factors involved in the FLIPI are:


    Age older than 60 years
    Stage III or IV disease
    Low red blood cell count
    More than four involved lymph node areas
    Lactate dehydrogenase level higher than
    normal (lactate dehydrogenase is a protein
    found in blood whose levels increase when
    tissues have been damaged)
    Prognosis If left untreated

    According to Cleveland Clinic


    (2022), follicular lymphoma could
    transform into more aggressive
    cancer that typically causes new
    and more significant symptoms,
    including spreading cancer into
    other areas of the body.(Follicular
    Lymphoma, 2022)
    Nursing Diagnosis
    Hyperthermia related to the invasion of malignant B cell in the
    lymph nodes secondary to Infection as vidence by temperature
    more than 37.5'C

    Anxiety related to the diagnosis of Follicular Lymphoma as


    evidenced by verbalized fear on having a cancer

    Fatigue related to the demand of the malignant cells for more


    energy as evidenced by an ongoing sense of feeling tired for no
    known cause
    Nursing Diagnosis
    Deficient knowledge related to inadequate and unclear
    symptoms and slow progression of cancer cell as evidenced by
    late consultation to the doctor

    Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements related to the


    demand of the malignant cells for more energy as evidenced by
    weight loss with no known cause

    Ineffective breathing pattern related to vascular obstruction and


    jugular veins distention as evidenced by shortness of breath
    References:
    Follicular Lymphoma. (2022, March 25). Retrieved from Cleveland Clinic:
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22606-follicular-
    lymphoma#:~:text=Transformation%3A%20Follicular%20lymphoma%20can%20chang
    e,have%20follicular%20lymphoma%20develop%20DLBCL.

    Follicular lymphoma. (2020, November 24). Retrieved from Cancer Research UK:
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/non-hodgkin-
    lymphoma/types/follicular-lymphoma

    Freedman, A. S., & Friedberg, J. W. (2023, January 17). Patient education: Follicular
    lymphoma in adults (Beyond the Basics). Retrieved from UpTo Date:-
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/follicular-lymphoma-in-adults-beyond-the-
    basics#:~:text=People%20with%20stage%20II%20to%20IV%20disease%20are%20gener
    ally%20treated,target%20follicular%20lymphoma%20tumor%20cells.
    References:
    Hinkle, J. L., Cheever, K. H., & Overbaugh, K. J. (2022). Brunner & Suddarath's
    Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (15th edition) Volume 1. Philippines: Wolters
    Kluwer.

    Kaseb, H., Ali, M., & Koshy, N. V. (2022, January 27). Follicular Lymphoma. Retrieved
    from StatPearls [Internet].: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538206/

    Peri, C. (2023, March 1). Follicular Lymphoma. Retrieved from WebMD:


    https://www.webmd.com/cancer/lymphoma/follicular-lymphoma

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