Machine Protection Setting Exercises

Exercise 1: Single line diagram

3 110 kV, 50 Hz

7UM62 .
side 1 iL1,2,3

300/1A, 20VA 5P20, Rct=1.2 -T1 50 MVA, YNd11 110 52.5% / 11 kV uT(1) = 8 % 300/1A, 20VA 5P20, Rct=1.2
11 kV 3 0.1 kV 3 0.1 kV 3

Q7

IEE2

sensitive current input only!! Q8 uL1,2, 3

Ucontr . Umeas .

3000/1A, 20VA 5P20, Rct=12 -G1 46.6 MVA 11kV 7.5% 50Hz 3000/1A, 20VA 5P20, Rct=12
11 kV/ 3 500V

7XR6004

TD1 TD2 TD3

(REF) (REF) (<Excit.)

G 3~

7XT71

Excit.
3PP1326

side 2 iL1,2,3
7XT33 20Hz Gen.

7XT34 400/5A

~
5/2

UE IEE1

SEF (20Hz) SEF (20Hz)

Exercise 1: Neutral transformer circuits

Protection cubicle
20 Hz Bandpass 7XT34 max. 3A (20Hz)
1B1 1A4 660 1B4 4A1

20 Hz Generator 7XT33

.. mA

11 kV/ 3 500V
400/5A 1FS5 15VA P2 S2 P1 S1

RL
1A1

660 330 1A2 1A3 4A3

20Hz

7UM62. Burden < 0.5

R13 R14 J8 J7 UE

IEE1

Exercise 1: Required protection elements

-64G-1 64G-2 64R 87 46 40 49 24 21 78 Threshold supervision (for Decoupling) 90% Stator Earth Fault U0> (calculated) 100% Stator Earth Fault (20Hz principle) Rotor Earth Fault (1-3Hz principle) Differential Protection Unbalanced Load (negative sequence) Under excitation Thermal Overload (Stator) Overexcitation (V/Hz) Impedance Protection 1) Out of Step (loss of synchronism)

1) Option

Exercise 1: Device configuration (partly)

for Decoupling

for Decoupling

Exercise 1: Power System Data 1 (1/4)

1)

0275 Factor R SEF = (ratio Neutral Transf.) 2

2

ratio (U divider ) ratio (CT)

11000V/ 3 5/2 0275 Factor R SEF = 500V 400/5 = 5.04

1) Neutral transformer is high resistive

Exercise 1: Power System Data 1 (2/4)

Exercise 1: Power System Data 1 (3/4)

Refer to Setting Options for the UE Input and their Impact on the Protection Functions (refer to slide No. 10)

0224 Factor UE =

U VTprim U Esec

U NTprim U NTsec /ratio(U divider )

0224 Factor UE =

11000 V/ 3 = 31.7 500 V/(5/2)

Exercise 1: Power System Data 1 (4/4)

Setting Options for the UE Input and their Impact on the Protection Functions

Exercise 2: Generator Electrical Data (1/2)

Exercise 2: Generator Electrical Data (2/2)

Exercise 2.1: Calculation of load resistor and neutral transf. (1/3)

90% (K=0.1)
11 kV/ 3 500V

ULV

CK

UHV

1L1 1L2

RL

1L3

CG

IE prim

CL

CTr

UE
7UM62.

equivalent circuit CK CE RL prim IC prim

CK = 10 nF UHV = 110 kV ULV = 11 kV UE0 protected zone (stator) = 90% K = (100%-90%)/100% = 0.1

CE = CG + CL + CTr RL prim << 1/(CK)

neglected

Exercise 2.1: Calculation of load resistor and neutral transf. (2/3)

Formula symbols and definitions used: UE0 Fe ICprim ICsec CK f TRNT Displacement voltage on HV side of unit transformer Earthing factor, here: solid earthed Fe = 0.8 Interference current on neutral transformer primary side Interference current on neutral transformer secondary side Total capacitance (3x phase capacitance) between HV and LV side of unit transformer (coupling capacitance) Rated frequency Transformation ratio of the neutral transformer

UNTPrim Primary rated voltage of neutral transformer UNTSec Secondary rated voltage of neutral transformer RL K FS Load resistor Protected zone factor Safety factor FS = 2

SNT(20s) Required output of neutral transformer when burdened by RL for 20 s IRLmax Current of load resistor R at 100 % UE

Exercise 2.1: Calculation of load resistor and neutral transf. (3/3)

U E0 = Fe U HV / 3 I C prim = U E0 2 f C K TR NT = U NTprim U NTsec
U E0 = 0.8 110 kV/ 3 = 50.8 kV I C prim = 50800V 2 50s -1 10 10 9 TR NT = I C sec 11000 V/ 3 = 12.7 500 V = 0.16 A 12 .7 = 2.03 A As = 0.16 A V

I C sec = I C prim TR NT RL = K U NTsec Fs I C sec U2 = NTsec [VA ] RL U NTsec RL

S NT(20s)

I RLmax =

0.1 500 V = 12.3 2 2.03 A 500 2 V 2 S NT(20s) = [VA ] = 20.3 kVA 12.3 500 V I RLmax = = 40.65 A 12.3 RL =

Earth fault at generator terminals : U NTsec I E prim = R L TR NT

I E prim =

500 V = 3.2 A < 10A ok 12.3 12.7

Exercise 2.2: Decoupling - Example with Threshold supervision (1/3)

It can be assumed that the Generator will run out of step in case a three-phase short circuit close to the power station will last for (example) more than 150ms. This situation can be described by the following AND logic. If the fault is not cleared immediately the unit will be decoupled from the net after 150 ms.
CFC
MV2<, 8503, 8504

-dP (-50%)

07961 T 0

S R

Q Q 8602: t = 0.15s

MV4<, 8507, 8508

&
07963

04526 External Trip 1

<I2 (<10%)
0113

I>> (3IN, p.u.)

01808

Exercise 2.2: Decoupling - Example with Threshold supervision (2/3)

Exercise 2.2: Decoupling - Example with Threshold supervision (3/3)

Settings: primary values

Exercise 2.3: Settings for 90% Stator Earthfault - U0>calculated (1/2)

L1 L2 L3
90%

UL3

Settings (primary value): 5002: U0prim> = 100% - 90% = 10.0 % 5003: T = 0.30 sec UL1

Fuse Failure Monitor (FFM) to be enabled to block 90% SEF Element via CFC

UL2

Exercise 2.3: Settings for 90% Stator Earthfault - U0>calculated (2/2)

Settings: primary values

Exercise 2.4: Settings for unbalanced load (1/3)

(from Manufacturer)

Exercise 2.4: Settings for unbalanced load (2/3)

Settings in primary values: 1702: I2prim> = I2perm prim / IN Machine = 8.0 % 1704: Kprim = (I2/IN)2t = 20 s 1705: tCooldown = Kprim /(I2perm prim /IN Machine)2 = 20s/0.082 = 3125 s 1706: I2prim>> = 60.0% 1707: T I2>> = 3.00 sec

Conversion to secondary values: 1702: I2sec> = I2prim> IN Machine/IN CT = 8.0% 2446A/3000A = 6.5 % 1704: Ksec = Kprim (IN Machine/IN CT)2 = 20s(2446A/3000A)2 = 20s0.664 = 13.30 s 1706: I2sec>> = I2prim>> IN Machine/IN CT = 60.0% 2446A/3000A 49 %

Exercise 2.4: Settings for unbalanced load (3/3)

Settings: primary values

Exercise 2.5: Settings for under excitation protection (1/4)

Generator capability diagram

Exercise 2.5: Settings for under excitation protection (2/4)

Settings in primary values (from Capability Diagram) 3002: 1/xd1prim = 0.58

tan(1) = 0.7/0.2 = 3.5 , arctan(1) = 1.292 3003: 1 74 3005: 3006: 1/xd2prim = 0.44 2 = 90

Conversion to secondary values:

1 x dsec

1 x dMach

I NMACH U N VTprim U NMACH I N CTprim

UNMACH = 11kV , UN VTprim = 11 kV INMACH = 46600kVA/(311kV) = 2446A IN CTprim = 3000A

I NMACH U N VTprim 2446 A 11 kV = = 0.815 U NMACH I N CTprim 11k V 3000 A

3002: 1/xd1sec = 0.580.815 0.47 3005: 1/xd2sec = 0.440.815 0.36

Exercise 2.5: Settings for under excitation protection (3/4)

Protection cubicle
7XR6004
A 3 20 k A6 27 19 21 15 17 B1 4 25 Example: LiYCY 4x1.5 contro l K13 + K14 TD2 A1 1 20 k meas. K15 + K16

7XT71

7UM62.
TD1

G 3~

Excit.

1)

B11 20 k

generator shaft

B1 8

20 k

3PP1326
1 500 500 4 9k 3 2

7UM62.
TD3 K17 + K18

10F 250V

3013 : U Exc < 0.5

U EXC 0 ku
+ 9 k )/ 0.5 k = 20

UEXC0 = 45V ku (voltage divider) = (0.5 k + 0.5 k 3013 U Exc = 0.545 V /20 1.13 V

Exercise 2.5: Settings for under excitation protection (4/4)

Settings: primary values

Exercise 2.6: Settings for (stator-) thermal overload (1/5)

(from Manufacturer)

Exercise 2.6: Settings for (stator-) thermal overload (2/5)

Settings in primary values: k-factor: without additional information's the voltage deviation can be taken into account. From Generator electrical data: voltage deviation (-) = 7.5% for nominal load and -7.5% voltage the current will increase to 1.075 p.u. k-Factor (prim.) = 1.07 From generator electrical data: ILoad = 1.3In t(trip) = 60s at IPreload = 1In

1602:

t I Load I Preload kI k I n n ln 2 I Load k I 1 n

2 2

60s 1.3 I n 1 I n 1.07 I 1.07 I n n ln 2 1.3 I n 1.07 I 1 n

2

60s 60s = 255s ln (1.2658) 0.2357

1603: 1604:

thermal time constant = 255 sec thermal alarm stage: setting must be higher than 1/k2 = 1/1.072 = 0.873 thermal alarm stage = 90 %

1610A: Current Overload Alarm Setpoint = 107%

Exercise 2.6: Settings for (stator-) thermal overload

Settings in primary values: 1612A: kt-Factor when Motor Stops = 1.0

(3/5)

(xxxx)

The thermal Overload should not trip for example before Over current protection 1615A: Maximum Current for Thermal Replica = 250% 1616A: Emergency Time = 100 sec 1605: (xxxx)

From Generator electrical data: winding temp. rise Stator = 61 K Temperature Rise at Rated Sec. Curr. = 61 C

Conversion to secondary values: 1602: k-Factor (sec.) = k-Factor (prim.) IN Machine/IN CT = 1.07 2446A/3000A = 0.87

1610A: Current Overload Alarm Setpoint (Sec.) = 1.07 IN Machine IN CT sec/IN CT prim = 2446A1A/3000A = 0.87 A 1605: Temp. Rise (Sec.) = Temp. Rise (Prim.) (IN CT/IN Machine)2 = 61 (3000A/2446A)2 = 92 C C

Exercise 2.6: Settings for (stator-) thermal overload

(4/5)

10000 t [s]

Trip. characteristic for = 255s, k =1.07 and preload = 1In

1000

Trip. characteristic for = 255s, k =1.07 and preload = 0 Trip. characteristic from generator electrical data

100

10

1 1 2 3

I/In

Exercise 2.6: Settings for (stator-) thermal overload

(5/5)

Settings: primary values

Exercise 2.7: Settings for generator over excitation U/f (1/2)

(from Manufacturer)

Exercise 2.7: Settings for generator over excitation U/f

(2/2)

Exercise 2.8: Settings for impedance protection (1/4)

t TEND 1*) T2 T1,T1B X1 0.70X1 Transformer X1 X1 Transformer Z1 (R1,X1) Z Z2 (R2,X2) Z1b (R1b,X1b) 2*)

G 3~

Z< , 7UM6

BI. (activating Z1b)

1*) To be coordinated with net protection 2*) Setting can (must) be higher than the real Z up to the HV C.B.

Exercise 2.8: Settings for impedance protection (2/4)

kr u T U 2 Trf.LV = N 100% 100% SN Trf

3306 : Z1(prim)
Im (Z) X1b=Z1b X2=Z2 X1=Z1 R2=Z2 R1b= Z1b Re (Z)

k r = Protectionzone reach into transformer (here : k r = 70%) 3307 : T1 = 0.10 sec 3308 : Z1b(prim) u T U 2 Trf.LV = N kx 100% SN Trf

here : k x = 2
R1= Z1

3309 : T1b = T1 3310 : Z2(prim) u T U 2 Trf.LV = N + Z Net 100% SN Trf

Z Net to be coordinated with net protection here : Z Net = 0.0 3311 : T2 to be coordinated with net protection here : T2 = 0.50 sec 3312 : TEND to be coordinated with net protection here : TEND = 3.00 sec

Exercise 2.8: Settings for impedance protection (3/4)

Settings in primary values: 70% 8% 11 kV 2 3306 : Z1(prim) = = 0.136 100% 100% 50 MVA 3307 : T1 = 0.10 sec
8% 11 kV 2 3308 : Z1b (prim) = 2 = 0.387 100% 50 MVA 3309 : T1b = 0.10sec 8% 11 kV 2 3310 : Z2(prim) = +0 100% 50 MVA 3311 : T2 = 0.50 sec 3312 : TEND = 3.00 sec = 0.194

Conversion to secondary values: k 3000A/1A 3306 : Z1(sec) = CT Z1(prim) = 0.136 = 3.71 k VT 11000V/100 V k 3000A/1A 3308 : Z1b (sec) = CT Z1b (prim) = 0.387 = 10.55 k VT 11000V/100 V k 3000A/1A 3310 : Z2(sec) = CT Z2(prim) = 0.194 = 5.29 k VT 11000V/100 V

Exercise 2.8: Settings for impedance protection (4/4)

Settings: primary values

Exercise 2.9: Settings for out of step protection (1/3)

Im (Z)

3505 : Z b(prim) X =
Zd Char. 2 Zc P Za Re (Z) Zd-Zc

' d

U N,Gen 3 I N,Gen

x 'd

3506 : Zc(prim)

k r(OoS) u T U 2 Tr(LV) N, 100% 100% S N,Tr

k r(OoS) = reach of Characteristic 1 intoTransformer (here : k r(OoS) = 85%) Zd(prim) to be coordinated with the net !! I CTpn /I CTsn k CT = k VT U VTpn /U VTsn

Char. 1

here : with k sec = Zd(prim) =

Zb

10 k sec

3507 : Zd(prim) Zc(prim) 3504 : Za(prim) = 0.289 (Z b (prim) + Zc(prim) ) 3508 : P = 90

Exercise 2.9: Settings for out of step protection (2/3)

Settings in primary values:

3505 : Z b(prim) 11000V 0.216 = 0.561 3 2446A 85% 8% 112 kV 2 3506 : Z c(prim) = 0.165 100% 100% 50 MVA k 3000 A/1 A k sec = CT = = 27.27 k VT 11000 V/100 V 3507 : Z d(prim) - Z c(prim) = 0.367 3504 : Z a(prim) = 0.289 (0.561 3508 : P = 90 0.165 + 0.165 = 0.202 ) = 0.210

Z d(prim) =

10 = 0.367 27.27

Conversion to secondary values:

k sec = 27.27 (from above) 3505 : Z b(sec) = k sec Z b(prim) = 27.27 0.561 3506 : Z c(sec) = k sec Z c(prim) = 27.27 0.165 Z d(sec) = 10 3507 : Z d(sec) - Z c(sec) = k sec (Z d(prim) - Z c(prim) ) = 27.27 0 .202 3504 : Z a(sec) = k sec Z a(prim) = 27.27 0.210 = 5.73 = 5.51 = 15.30 = 4.50

Exercise 2.9: Settings for out of step protection

(3/3)

Settings: primary values