CBSE G+10 Forest+and+Widlife+Resources Notes

Forest and Wildlife
Resources
Grade 10
Class Notes
Forest and Wildlife Resources
1 Flora and Fauna in India

1.1 Diversity
1.2 Species under threat
Conservation of Forest and

2
Wildlife in India
2.1 Distribution of forests
Loss of Forest and Wildlife

3
Resources
3.1 Causes of deforestation
3.2 Causes of biodiversity loss
Protection of Forest and Wildlife

4
Resources
4.1 The Indian Wildlife
(Protection) Act
5 Community and Conservation

5.1 Involvement of communities
in forest
02
1 Flora and Fauna in India
1.1 Diversity
India has a wide variety of plants and animal species. These diverse
flora and fauna are so well integrated into our daily life that we take
these for granted. But lately, they are under great stress, mainly due
to insensitivity to our environment.
1.2 Species under Threat
The species under threat are classified by the International Union

for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
They are classified as follows:
Normal species
Normal species are
those whose population
level is considered normal.
E.g.,
• Cattle
• Sal
• Pine
• Rodents
03
Endangered species
• Species that are in
danger of extinction are
known as endangered
species.
• E.g., Lion-tailed Macaque,
Forest Owlet, Bengal Tiger,
Asiatic Lion, Gangetic
River Dolphin, Asiatic
Elephant, Sangai
Vulnerable species
• Species whose populations
have declined and are likely to
be endangered are called
vulnerable species.
• E.g., blue sheep, Asiatic
elephant, Gangetic dolphin,
and more.
Rare species
• Rare species with small
populations may move into
the endangered or
vulnerable category if
negative factors affecting
them continue to operate.
• E.g., Himalayan brown bear,
wild Asiatic buffalo, desert
fox, and hornbill, and more.
04
Endemic Species
• Species that are only
found in some particular
areas usually isolated by
natural or geographical
barriers.
• E.g. Andaman teal,
Nicobar Piegon, Andaman
Wild Pig, etc.
Extinct Species
• Species may be extinct
from a local area, region,
country, continent, or the
entire globe.
• E.g., Cheetah, Pink head
duck, etc.
05
2 Types of Forest and Wildlife Resources
2.1 Distribution of Forests
Reserved forest
Protected forest
Unclassed forest
The government has classified the forests into the

following categories to conserve India's vast forest and
wildlife resources.
Details of Distribution of Forest
Reserved forests
• More than half of India’s
total forest land is reserved.
• Owned and protected by
the government
• Conserves forest and
wildlife resources
06
Protected forests
• One-third of India’s total
forest area is declared
protected forest by the
Forest Department.
• Administer by the
government
• These forest lands are
protected from any
further depletion.
Reserved and protected

forests
• Reserved and protected forests
are also known as permanent
forests.
• Madhya Pradesh has the
largest area under permanent
forests, constituting 75% of its
total forest area.
Unclassed forests
• Remaining forest lands which
is not covered in reserved
and protected forests are
unclassed.
• Owned by government,
individuals, and communities
• E.g., Community forests
07
3 Loss of Forest and Wildlife Resources
3.1 Causes of Deforestation
During the Colonial Period (Pre-independence)
● Expansion of the railways, agriculture,

commercial and scientific forestry, and
mining activities
● Promotion of a few favoured species through

'enrichment plantation'
08
3.1 Causes of Deforestation
Causes of Deforestation since Independence
Slash-and-burn agriculture
Mining
River valley projects
Grazing
Collection of fuel wood
09
3.2 Causes of Biodiversity Loss
Habitat destruction Hunting and poaching
Forest fires Pollution
Poisoning Overpopulation
10
4 Protection of Wildlife and Forest Resources
4.1 The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act
The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
● Establishment of national parks and wildlife

sanctuaries to protect wildlife and forest
cover
● E.g., Kanha National Park – Madhya Pradesh,

Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary - Gujarat
● Wildlife protection projects to protect

threatened species like tigers, one-horned
rhinoceros, blackbuck, and more.
● E.g., Project Tiger, Project Elephant, and

Crocodile Conservation Project
11
5 Community and Conservation
5.1 Involvement of Communities in Forest
● Chipko Movement involved rural villagers,

mainly women, to protect trees and promote
community afforestation.
● Beej Bachao Andolan was started in

Tehri, Uttarakhand, to promote the use of
native seed varieties for crop production
without the use of chemicals.
● Joint Forest Management (JFM) Programme

launched in 1988 involves local communities
in the management and restoration of
degraded forests.
Words of Wisdom
“What we are doing to the forests of the

world is but a mirror reflection of what we are
doing to ourselves and to one another.”
-Mahatma Gandhi
12
Important Questions
Question 1:
What are reserved forests, protected forests, and
unclassed forests?
Question 2:
What is biodiversity? Why is it important for us?
Question 3:
How have communities conserved forests and wildlife
in India?
Question 4:
Write a short note on the following:
(a) Chipko Movement

(b) Beej Bachao Andolan
13

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CBSE G+10 Forest+and+Widlife+Resources Notes

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Forest and Wildlife

1 Flora and Fauna in India

Conservation of Forest and

Loss of Forest and Wildlife

Protection of Forest and Wildlife

5 Community and Conservation

1.2 Species under Threat

The species under threat are classified by the International Union

2.1 Distribution of Forests

The government has classified the forests into the

Details of Distribution of Forest

Reserved and protected

3.1 Causes of Deforestation

During the Colonial Period (Pre-independence)

● Expansion of the railways, agriculture,

● Promotion of a few favoured species through

Causes of Deforestation since Independence

River valley projects

Collection of fuel wood

Habitat destruction Hunting and poaching

Forest fires Pollution

4.1 The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act

The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

● Establishment of national parks and wildlife

● E.g., Kanha National Park – Madhya Pradesh,

● Wildlife protection projects to protect

● E.g., Project Tiger, Project Elephant, and

5.1 Involvement of Communities in Forest

● Chipko Movement involved rural villagers,

● Beej Bachao Andolan was started in

● Joint Forest Management (JFM) Programme

“What we are doing to the forests of the

(a) Chipko Movement

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