Mathematics

NOT

Quarter 2 - Module 5
Relation and Function

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 What I Know

I. Pre Assessment Multiple

Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Select the letter of the best answer from among the
given choices.
1. Which of the following is an ordered pair?
a. 2 and 1
b. 2 or 5
c. (-1, -8)
d. {2,-3}
2. Relation and functions can be represented by the following EXCEPT.
a. Mapping diagram
b. Table
c. Graph
d. Flow Chart
3. Which of the following sets of ordered pairs define a function? a. {(3,2),(-
3,6),(3,-2),(-3,-6)}
b. {(1,2),(2,6),(3,-2),(4,-6)}
c. {(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,-9)}
d. {(4,4),(-3,4),(4,-4),(-3,-4)
4. Identify the domain of this relation. {(8,10),(5,7),(9,-11),(6,-8)} a. {5,6,9,10}
b. {5,6,8,9}
c. {-11,-8,7,10}
d. {-8,7,910}
5. Which of these tables represent a function?

a. X
b. Z
c. Y
d. W

6. Which of these mapping diagrams is a function?

a. W b. Z c. X d. Y

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7. Identify the range of this relation. a. {-6,0,7,9}
b. {7,10,12}
c. {5,7,10,12,13}
d. {-6,7,9}

8. It is a test used to determine if the graph of a relation is a function.

a. Horizontal line test
b. Post line test
c. Vertical line test
d. Hove line test

9. Which graph represents a function?

a. X b. W c. Y d. Z
10. Which of the following graphs is not a function?

a. Y b. W c. Z d. X

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Lesson

1
Lesson
Function and Relation

What I Need to Know

Have you ever asked yourself how the steepness of a mountain affects the speed of a
mountaineer? How family’s power consumption affects the amount of the electric bill? How a dog’s weight
is affected by its food consumption? How the revenue of the company is related to the number of items
produced and sold? How the grade of a student is affected by the number of hours spent in studying?
A lot of questions may arise as you go along but in due course, you will focus on the question:
“How can the value of a quantity given the rate of change be predicted?”. This module will help develop
your skills and comprehension in analyzing how things are related with each other.

Activity # 1: Me and You

SITUATION: Suppose that your father is an engineer of a private company. He earns Php 100 per hour
and he works 7 days in a week.

Description: Given a diagram and table, you will be able to learn how to make a set of ordered
pairs.

Direction: Describe the different ways in representing a relation, and then write the set of ordered
pairs formed below. Solve the income of your father.

Fill in the blank with your answer. A.

Number of
hours 2 4 5 7 9 11 12
worked/day

Income 200

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B.
Number of Income
hours (y)
(x)

2 200

4 ?

5 ?

7 ?

9 ?

11 ?

12 ?

C.

D. (2, ), (4, ),(5, ),(7, ),(9, ),(11, ), (12, )

QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the different ways you represented a relation.

2. How do you find the elements of the second set?

3. How did you make a set of ordered pair?

4. Based on your answer, is the income related to the number of work hours? Why?

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 What Is It

Function and Relation

What is Relation?

A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where x is the input and y is the output value. The
domain is all possible input values of a relation, and the range is all possible output values of a relation.
Relation can be represented in many ways. It can be presented as ordered pairs, in a table, as a
graph, and in a mapping diagram.

A. Ordered Pair
Example 1

The given relation represents the number of boxes of candy sold and the money
earned.
{(1, 4), (2, 8), (3, 12), (4, 16)}
Domain: {1, 2, 3, 4} Range: {4, 8, 12, 16}

Example 2
Relation: Input (X) = the age of the boys Output (Y)
= height in inches

{(7,41),(8,45),(9,49),(10,52),(10,53),(11,55),(12,59)}

(Using the ordered pairs given at Example # 2, here are some ways on how function and relations
being represented)

B. Table C. Mapping diagram

X Y
Age Height
7 41
41
8 45 7
45
9 49 8
49
10 52 9
52
10
10 53 53
11
11 55 55
12
12 59 59

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 D. Graph.

The domain and range of the relation

Domain: {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12} Range {40, 45, 48, 52, 53, 58}

A relation is allowed to have the object x in the first set to be related to more than one object in
the second set. So a relation may not be represented by a function machine because, given the object x
to the input of the machine, the machine couldn't spit out a unique output object that is paired to x.

What’s New
What is a Function?
Some relationships make sense and others don’t. Function is a relationship that makes
sense. A function is a relation that for each input (all possible values of x), there is only one output (all
possible values of y).
Relation can be represented in many ways. It can be presented as ordered pairs, as a table, as a graph,
and a mapping diagram.

RELATION

Function

Note: “All functions are relation, but not all relations are function”.

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 Recognizing Function

You already know that in identifying relation as a function, the input must be paired exactly to one
element of the output. Suppose that you think of X as a person and Y as a place. Just as a person cannot be
in more than one place at a time, an x-value in a function cannot correspond to more than one y-value.

Example 1
The given relation represents the amount of gas in gallons and the distance travelled in miles from
the amount of gas.

A. Table
Gas (gal) Distance (mi)

10 150

16 240

17 240

20 300

B. Graph

C. Mapping diagram

Domain: {10, 16, 17, 20}

The domain represents: the different amount of gas Range:
{150, 240, 300}
The range represents: the distance travelled

For an input of 10 gallons of gas, there is an output of 150 miles. For an input
of 16 gallons of gas, there is an output of 240 miles.

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 For an input of 17 gallons of gas, there is an output of 240 miles. For an input
of 20 gallons of gas, there is an output of 300 miles.

This relation is a function, because each domain is paired with exactly one range
value.

Example 2

The table represents a sample of ages of people and their shoe size. Domain: {11,

12, 13, 15, 16} ages Age (x) Shoe Size (y)
Range: {7, 8, 10, 10.5, 11} shoe sizes
11 7
This relation is not a function, because age 15 12 8
corresponds to two different shoe sizes, 10 and 10.5. 13 10
15 10
15 10.5
16 11

Example 3:

{ (1,2), (5,2),(5,4),(7,6),(11,6),(11,8)}

The relation is not a function. The domain value 5 is paired

with both 2 and 4. The domain value 11 is paired with both
6 and 8.

Vertical Line Test

A test, called the vertical line test, can be used to determine if a relation is a function. The vertical
line test states that a relation is a function if a vertical line does not pass through more than one point on
the graph of the relation.

a. Draw vertical lines though the graph.

b. Does any vertical line touch more than one point? NO
c. Since a vertical line does not pass through more than one point, the graph passes the vertical line
test, So the relation is a FUNCTION

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 a. Draw a vertical line through the graph.
b. Does any vertical line touch more than one point? YES
c. Since a vertical line does pass through more than one point, the graph fails the vertical line test.
So, the relation is NOT FUNCTION.

What’s More

Activity 2: Show Me

Directions: Answer the following activity.

Express each relation in a table, in a graph, and in a mapping diagram.

1. The relation represents the number of cracker boxes sold and the money earned.

{(1,5),(2,10),(3,15),(4,20),(5,25)}

a. Table

b. Graph

c. Mapping Diagram

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State the domain and range of the function. 4.

2. 3.

Domain: Domain:
Domain:
Range: Range:
Range:

What I Have Learned

Activity # 3

A. State the domain and range of each relation and explain if it’s a function or not.

1. The relation represents the age of each student and

the number of pets the student has.

2. The relation represents the number of hours a person is able to rent a canoe and the cost of
renting the canoe (small boat) for that number of hours.

3. Use the vertical line test to determine if each relation is a function.

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 Lesson

Representations of Relations
2 and Functions

Lesson 2: Representation of Relations and Functions

What I Need to Know

Dependent and Independent Variables

In a Cartesian plane, there are x axis and y axis, and the point of origin which is 0. Variables may be
dependent and independent. Dependent variable depends on the independent variable while the
independent variable controls the dependent variable. The x- values are considered the independent
variables because any integer can be assigned to it. The y-values are considered the dependent variables
because its values depend on the values of x.

Example:

Every summer vacation, Ryan reads a wattpad during his leisure time. He spends the same
amount of time reading every day. The number of hours he spends reading everyday determines how
many days it will take him to finish the book.

h = the number of hours Ryan spends reading everyday d = the

number of days it will take Ryan to finish reading

Which of the variables is independent and which is the dependent variable?

d = the number of days it will take Ryan to finish reading is dependent

h = the number of hours Ryan spends reading every day is independent

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 What’s New

Activity 1. You complete me

Direction: Identify the dependent and independent variable.

Independent variable Dependent variable

Example: Volume Temperature

Temperature and volume of
gas inside the tire
1. Force and acceleration of
the object
2. Mass and acceleration

3. Speed and the distance

travelled by the object
4. Time and distance
travelled

What’s More

Activity 2. Oh My Domain!

Find the Domain of each function

1. y = -√−2x+3 4. g(x)= 3x/ x+6

2. g(x)= x – 7 5. g(x)= √ x + 1

3. g(x)= √𝑥

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 What Is It

Domain and Range of a Function

Activity 2 shows the domain of a function. In the previous section, you have learned how the
domain and range of a relation are defined. The domain of the function is the set of all permissible
values of x that give real values for y. Similarly, the range of the function is the set of permissible values
for y or f(x) that give the values of x real numbers.

Illustrative Example

Find the domain and the range of the function y = -√−2x+3 in Activity 2.
Solution:
The domain is all values that x can take on. The only problem of this function is that you cannot have
a negative square root. So set the radicand greater than or equal to zero, and solve.

-2x+3 ≥ 0
-2x ≥ -3
2x ≤ 3
x ≤ 3/2

The domain is “all x ≤ 3/2.

The range is “all real numbers”.

What’s More

Illustrative Example

Determine the domain of each function below. Check the solution using calculator. 1. f(x)= 3x
2. f(x)= x2
3. f(x)= √x - 2 4. f(x)= x+1/
x

Solutions:

1. In f(x)= 3x, there is no value of x that makes the function f undefined. Thus, the domain of f(x)= 3x
is the set of real numbers or { x|x ∈ 𝕽}.
2. In f(x)= x2, there is no value of x that makes the function f undefined. Thus, the domain of f(x)= x 2
is the set of real numbers or { x|x ∈ 𝕽}

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 3. In f(x) = √x – 2, the domain of the function is the set of values of x that will not make √x – 2 an
imaginary number. Examples of these values of x are 2, 2.1, 3, 3.74, 4, 5, and so on. However,
x=1 cannot be because it can give the value of the function
√1– 2 = √-1 which is imaginary where the calculator yields an Error or a Math Error. The numbers
between 1 and 2 neither work. Thus, the domain of the function is x is greater than or equal to 2,
or {x|x ≥ 2}. For you to find easily the domain of the function, we say the radicand ≥ 0. That is, x –
2 ≥ 0 which gives x ≥ 2 if simplified.

4. In f(x)= x+1/ x, the domain of the function is the set of values of x that will not make x+1/ x
undefined. The value x= 0 will make the expression x+1/ x undefined. When the answer is
undefined, the calculator yields an Error or a Math Error. Thus, x=0 is not part of the domain. The
domain, therefore, of the function is the set of real numbers except 0, or { x|x ∈ 𝕽, x ≠ 0}. To find
easily the domain of the function, we say denominator is not equal to zero, or x ≠ 0.

Note that the value of the function will not be a real number if it is an
imaginary number or undefined.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3. Let me do it

Direction: Do as directed.
A. State the domain of the function.

1. h(x)= √1 – x
2. x + y= 4
3. x2 + y2 =16

B. Find the range of the following function.

1. 5x + 3
2. √x +9
3. 1/ 7-x

C. Is the domain of f(x)= (x+4)(x-4)/ x-4 equal to the domain of g(x)= x+4? Justify your answer.

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 Assessment: (Post-Test)

I. Multiple Choices:
Direction: Read and answer the questions below. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A relation is a set of inputs and outputs that are related in some way.
b. In a relation, each input has exactly one output.
c. All relations are function.
d. All of these are true statements.
2. Which of the following ordered pairs represents a function? a. {(-
2, 2), (- 3, 2), (-5, 2), (-2, -2)}
b. {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}
c. {(-3, 0), (-3,1), (-3, 2), (-3, 3)}
d. {(1, 5),( 2, 6), (2, 7), (1, 6)}

3. Which table of values represents a function? a.

X -1 -1 -1 -1
Y 1 2 3 4
b.
X 1 2 3 4
Y 2 4 6 8

c.
X 1 1 1 1
Y 5 6 7 8

d.
X 1 2 1 2
Y -1 -2 1 2
4. Which of the following graphs DOES NOT represent a function?

a. b. c. d.

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 5. Which of these relations is a function?
a. {(-1, 6), (2, 5), (2, 3), (1, 4)} c.

b. d.
X 1 2 3 4
Y 11 13 15 17 A X
B Y
C Z

6. A relation is shown. Consider the input 7. What output is it related to? a. 140
b. 7
c. 197 Input Output
d. 7 is not an input in this relation 3 27
5 83
7 140
9 197
11 254
7. Consider the relation represented by mapping diagram. Represent the relation as set of
ordered pairs.
a. {(7, House P),(8,House Q),(5,House R),(9,House S)}
b. {(House P,7),(House Q,8),(House R, 5),(House S,9)}
c. {(House P,5),(House Q,7),(House R,8),(House s, 9)}
d. {(5, House P),(7, House Q),(8, House R),(9,House S)}

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8. Which of the following represents a function?

a. Y b. X c. Z d. W

9. This set of ordered pairs shows the years of some Winter Olympics and the host city in each year.
Represent the relation as a table.
{(1988, Calgary),(1992, Albertville),(1994, Lillehammer),(1998, Nagano),(2002, Salt Lake
City),(2006, Turin),( 2010, Vancouver)}

b. c.

b. d.

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10. This table shows the cost, P Php, of the number of tickets sold, n. Identify the range.

a. {1,2,3,4,5,…}
b. {9,50,19.00,28.50,38.00,47.50,…}
c. {1,2,3,4,5,9.50,19.00, 28.50,38.00,47.50}
d. {1,9.50,2,19.00,3,28.50,4,38.00,5,47.50,…}

11. What is the domain of the function y= √3 - s?

a. the domain is all x ≥ 0.

b. the domain is all x ≥ -3.
c. the domain is all x ≤ 3.
d. the domain is all x ≤ 0.

12. Clark brings plastic bags from home whenever he goes to a store. The number of products on his
plastic bags list influences how many plastic bags he brings to the store. What is the dependent
variable?

a. the number of products on Clark’s plastic bags list

b. the number of bags Clark brings to the store.
c. the number of items in the store
d. the size of the store

13. What is the range of the function y= √3 - s?

a. all y ≥ 0 c. all real numbers c. all values of x

b. all values of y d. y ≥ -3

14. Mr. Lim sets up an experiment to see how the mass of the ball affects the distance rolls off a ramp.
Which of the following is the independent variable?

a. mass of the ball

b. height of the ramp
c. weight of the ball
d. distance travelled by the ball

15. Leiyn is planning to test how the height from which she drops a ball affects how high the ball
bounces. Which of the following is the dependent variable?
a. diameter of the ball
b. force acting on the ball
c. height that the ball bounces
d. height from which the ball is dropped

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 Key to Answers
I. Pre Assessment I. Post-Assessment
1. C
2. D 1. A 11. C
3. B 2. B 12. B
4. B 3. B 13. A
5. C 4. A 14. A
6. B 5. B 15. C
7. A 6. A
8. C 7. A
9. D 8. A
10. C 9. B
10. B
Activity # 1: Me and You
A. Table
Number of
hours 2 4 5 7 9 11 12
worked/day

Income 200 400 500 700 900 1100 1200

B. Mapping diagram
Number of
hours
Income

11 1

12 1

C. Graph

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 D. Ordered Pairs
(2,200), (4,400), (5,500), (7,700),(9,900), (11,1100), (12,1200)
QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the different ways on how you represented a relation. How do you find the
elements of the second set?
Table, mapping diagram, graph and ordered pairs
2. How did you make a set of ordered pair?
Assign first element as x, and second element as y
3. Based on yours answers, is the income related to the number of hours worked? Why?
Yes, the income depends on how many hours of work
Activity # 2
1. The relation represents the number of cracker boxes sold and the money earned.
{(1,5),(2,10),(3,15),(4,20),(5,25)}
a. Table b. Graph c.

State the domain and range of the function.

2. 3. 4.

Domain: { 2,7,8,11,15} Domain: { 57, 68, 93, 99} Domain: {-6,-2,2,4,6,8}

Range: { 5,8,15,12,19} Range: { 9,2} Range: { -6,-4,0,4}

Activity # 3

A. State the domain and range of each relation, and explain if it’s a function or not.

1. The relation represents the age of each student and

the number of pets the student has.

Domain: {10, 12, 13, 15} student ages

Range: {0, 1, 2, 3} number of pets
The relation is not a function. The domain value 10 is paired
with both 1 and 2

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 2. The relation represents the number of hours a person is able to rent a canoe and the cost of
renting the canoe for that many hours.

Domain: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} hours

Range: {11, 13, 15, 17} Cost

This relation is a function. Each domain is paired with exactly one range
value.

Use the vertical line test to determine if each relation is a function.

3. .

The relation not a function.

Lesson 2.
Activ 1. You Complete Me
Independent Dependent
variable variable
1. Force and Force of the Acceleration
acceleration of the object of the object
object
2. Mass and Mass Acceleration
acceleration

3. Speed and the Speed Distance

distance travelled travelled by
by the object the object
4. Time and Time Distance
distance Travelled
travelled

Activity 2. Oh My Domain
• All x ≤ 3/2 2. {x|x ∈ 𝕽} 3.
{x|x ≥ 0}
4. {x|x ∈ 𝕽, x ≠ -6}
5. {x|x ≥ -1}

Activity 3. Let Me Do It
A. B.
1. {x|x ≤ 1} 1. {y|y ∈ 𝕽}
2. {x|x ∈ 𝕽} 2. {y|y ≥ 0}
3. {x|-4 ≤ x ≤ 4} 3. {y|y ∈ 𝕽, x ≠ 7}
C. The domain of the function f is {x|x ∈ 𝕽, x≠ 4} while that of g is {x|x ∈ 𝕽}. At x=4, function f is
undefined while function g is not.
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