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    Lecture - 21 Instructor 1

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    c.bedolla-hurtado
    Timber Design

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lecture - 21 Instructor 1

    Uploaded by

    c.bedolla-hurtado
    3 views11 pages
    Timber Design

    Original Title

    Lecture_21-Instructor-1

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Timber Design

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views11 pages

    Lecture - 21 Instructor 1

    Uploaded by

    c.bedolla-hurtado
    Timber Design

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Wood Connections

    (Note 4)
    5)

    CE 539 – Wood Connections– Note 4 1


    Wood Connections
    Nail Withdrawal Connections
    • In the basic withdrawal connections, the nail passes through the side member and into the side
    grain of the main member.
    • The NDS provides reference design values for fasteners subjected to “pullout”, but the usual
    recommendation is that withdrawal loading of unthreaded fasteners should be avoided.
    • In “pull through” failure mode, the fastener shank remains embedded and the side member would
    pull away, with the fastener head pulling through the side member.
    • Note that the yield limit model for dowel-type fastener applies only to shear connections, and the
    design values for nails in withdrawal and head pull through are based on empirical test results.
    Nail Withdrawal Capacity (W)
    • NDS Table 12.2C and 12.2D provide reference withdrawal design values, per inch of penetration
    length of nails.

    • Adjusted ASD design value W′:


    W′ = W (CD) (CM) (Ct) (Ceg) (Ctn)
    • Adjusted LRFD design value W′:
    W′ = W (KF) (φ) (λ) (CM) (Ct) (Ceg) (Ctn) 2
    Wood Connections
    Pull Through Capacity (WH)

    If withdrawal capacity is relatively high, the fastener head pulling through the side member may
    occur before withdrawal of the nail shank can occur.
    NDS Section 12.2.5, Table 12.2F or Eq. 12.2-6a and 12.2-6b, provide reference pull through design
    values for fasteners with round heads.

    • Adjusted ASD design value WH′:


    WH′ = WH (CD) (CM) (Ct) Note: (Ceg) (Ctn) do not apply to WH′.
    • Adjusted LRFD design value WH′:
    WH′ = WH (KF) (φ) (λ) (CM) (Ct)
    3
    Wood Connections

    • Nails that are driven into the end grain have very low capacities and exhibit considerable variation
    in withdrawal values. Therefore, the NDS does NOT provide withdrawal design values for nails
    driven into the end grain, Ceg = 0.0 (NDS Section 12.2.3.3)

    Withdrawal from side grain Withdrawal from end grain –


    Not permitted

    • Toenail connection may be loaded in withdrawal as long as the nails penetrate the side grain of the
    holding member. For withdrawal loading, the toenail factor is C tn = 0.67.
    • For a toenail in withdrawal, NDS Section 12.5.4 indicates that the wet service factor need not be
    applied (CM = 1.0 for toenails loaded in withdrawal).

    4
    Wood Connections
    Combined Lateral and Withdrawal Loads – Nail Connection (NDS 12.4.2)

    If the resultant force at the nail connection applies at an angle α to the surface of the main
    member, the combined nail capacity can be calculated using the following formula:

    5
    Wood Connections
    Spacing Requirements in Nail Connections

    The spacing requirements for nail connections given in NDS 12.1.6.5 are rather general:
    Nail spacing shall be sufficient to prevent splitting of the wood.

    Note: Pre-boring (pre-drilling) nail holes may be used to avoid splitting the wood.
    Per NDS, the diameter of the pilot hole to maximum of 90% of the nail diameter for wood
    with specific gravity greater than 0.6 (G > 0.6) ; and 75% of the nail diameter for less
    dense wood (G ≤ 0.6).

    6
    Wood Connections
    Problem 8

    7
    Wood Connections
    Problem 9

    8
    Wood Connections
    Problem 10
    The single-story wood-frame building shown below has a double 2×4 top wall plate of
    southern pine. This top plate serves as the chord and drag struct along Line 1. Seismic load
    (strength level) are WE,T = 191 plf and WE,L = 319 plf. Use CM = Ct = 1.0

    Use LRFD procedure to find the following:

    a) The maximum chord force along Line 1.


    b) The maximum drag strut force along Line 1.
    c) Determine the number of 16d common nails necessary to splice the top plate for the
    maximum force determined from (a) and (b).

    9
    th
    DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES – ASD/LRFD (8 edition) Chapter 12 Solutions
    Page 10 of 33

    Problem 12.8 – LRFD

    Strength-level lateral forces to roof diaphragm: wEL = 319 lb/ft, wET = 191 lb/ft
    Factored lateral forces to roof diaphragm: wLu = 1.0wEL = 319 lb/ft; wTu = 1.0wET = 191 lb/ft
    Diaphragm spans: LL = 30 ft; LT = 50 ft
    Single shear top plate splice connection

    a) Factored diaphragm moment due to wET: Mu = (wTu)(LT)2/8 = (191)(50)2/8 = 59,690 lb-ft


    Factored chord force along Line 1: Tu = Cu = Mu/LL = 59,690/30 = 1990 lb

    b) Factored shearwall reaction force due to wEL: Ru = (wLu)(LL)/2 = (319)(30)/2 = 4785 lb


    Factored roof diaphragm unit shear: vru = Ru/LT = 4785/50 = 95.7 lb/ft
    Factored unit shear in shearwall: vwu = Ru/LT = 4785/(10 + 10) = 239.3 lb/ft
    Factored net unit shear diagram: 239.3 – 95.7 = 143.6 lb/ft between ends of wall and 30 ft
    opening
    (– 95.7 lb/ft) along the 30 ft opening
    Factored drag force: varies from 1436 lb to (–1436 lb) at opposite ends of opening

    c) Factored design force for top plate splice: 1990 lb (maximum of chord force vs. drag force)
    Main member: Southern Pine 2x4, G = 0.55, tm = 1.5 in.
    Side member: Southern Pine 2x4, G = 0.55, ls = ts = 1.5 in.
    16d common wire nail: D = 0.162 in., l = 3.5 in., Fyb = 90,000 psi
    (l – ts = 2 in.) > (tm = 1.5 in.)
    ∴ p = tm = 1.5 in.
    (p = 1.5 in.) > (6D = 0.972 in.)
    ∴ lm = p = 1.5 in.
    Rd = KD = 2.2
    Fem = Fes = 5550 psi
    l 1.5
    R = m= = 1.0
    t
    l s 1.5
    Fem 5550
    Re = = = 1.0
    Fes 5550
    Re + 2R e2(1 + Rt + Rt2 ) + Rt2 Re3 − Re (1 + Rt )
    k1 = = 0.4142
    (1+ Re )
    2Fyb (1+ 2Re )D 2
    k2 = −1 + 2(1+ R e) + = 1.092
    3Fem lm2
    2(1 + Re ) + 2F yb(2 + R e)D
    2

    k3 = −1 + = 1.092
    Re 3Fem ls 2

    Mode Im: Dlm Fem = 613 lb


    Z=
    KD
    th
    DESIGN OF WOOD STRUCTURES – ASD/LRFD (8 edition) Chapter 12 Solutions
    Page 11 of 33

    Mode Is: Dls Fes = 613 lb


    Z=
    KD
    Mode II: k1Dls Fes = 254 lb
    Z=
    KD
    k Dl F
    Mode IIIm: = 223 lb
    Z = 1 +2 2Rme )KemD
    (k Dl F
    Mode IIIs: = 223 lb
    Z = 2 3+ Rse )KemD
    ( 2Fem Fyb
    2
    Mode IV: Z= D = 154 lb
    KD 3(1+ Re )
    ∴ Z = 154 lb (minimum Z from all six yield modes)
    Adjustment factors: KF = 3.32
    Φz = 0.65
    λ = 1.0 (for lateral wind or seismic load)
    All other adjustment factors are unity (1.0)
    Zn’ = Z (KF)(Φz)(λ) = 154 lb (3.32)(0.65)(1.0) = 332 lb
    N = 1990/332 = 6.0
    ∴ Use six 16d common wire nails in a 4 ft lap splice

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