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1
 dk;Zdkjh ny
Sr.No. NAME SCHOOL Mobile number

1 Apurva Dave MGGS Bhinder 7737480020

2 Kusum Ameta GSSS Nandavel 9784953736

3 T K Satish Menon MGGS VallabhNagar 9660335972

4 Rekha Kothari GSSS Bhatewar 9460724844

5 Vishnu Shankar Ameta GSSS Sindhiyon ka Badgaon 9672661000

6 Dr. Man Singh Ninama GSSS Toos Dangiyan 9602205253

7 Sandhya Rao GSSS Mal ki Toos 8619563474

8 Sulochna Rajak GSSS Kedariya 8107177782

9 Bhagirath Mochi GSSS Amliya 9887225569

10 Dr. Raju Kshawan MGGS Kheroda 9414619729

2
 INDEX
SECTION CONTENT PAGE
NUMBER

A UNSEEN PASSAGE 4

READING

GRAMMAR TENSES 15

ACTIVE-PASSIVE 20

DIRECT- INDIRECT SPEECH 25

CONJUNCTIONS 32

RELATIVE PRONOUNS 36

FRAMING QUESTION AND QUESTION TAGS 38

B AND C POETRY EXPLANATION & QUESTION ANSWER FROM TEXT 45

BOOK ( FIRST FLIGHT)
TEXT BOOKS
PASSAGES FROM TEXT BOOKS 60

QUESTION ANSWERS FROM TEXTBOOKS 70

SHORT ANSWER TYPE

D LETTER WRITING PERSONAL, OFFICIAL, EMAIL 99

WRITING
STORY WRITING 109

VISUAL BASED PARAGRAPH WRITING, SHORT 111

PARAGRAPH WRITING

MODAL PAPER ISSUED BY RBSE EXAM 2023 114

3
 READING
Unseen passages
Read the following passages carefully and answer the question that follow ;
Passage-1
Thomas Alva Edison invented electric light. He loved to do experiments and to ask funny
question . Once he asked his teacher how the kites could fly without wings . The puzzled teacher
thought him to be stupid and naughty and turned him out of the school . He was just eight years
old when it happened. Edison’s best teacher was his mother. She answered his questions, helped
and guided him. One day he saw a bird. It ate some worms and flew. Edison prepared a mixture
of the pulped worms and made a maid servant drink it to see if she could also fly. He was
warmed by his mother not to repeat it. Once, he imitated a hen and sat down on her eggs to hatch
them. But he only broke the eggs and spoiled his shorts.
1.What was Edison?
(a)a teacher (b) a statesman(c) a scientist(d) a farmer
2.Who was Edison’s best teacher?
(a) his father(b) his brother (c) his sister (d) his mother
3.Why did the teacher turn Edison out of the school?
4.How did he spoil his shorts?
5.Find the word from the passage which means ‘scientific tests’?
6.Find form the passage the opposite of ‘serious’?
Answer
1.(c) a scientist
2.(d)his mother
3.The teacher turned Edison out of school because he asked funny question ; as how the kites
could fly without wings.
4.He spoiled his shorts by sitting on the hen’s eggs to hatch them like the hen.
5.Experiments
6. funny
Passage-2
Swami Vivekananda’s inspiring personality was well known both in India and in America during
the last decade of the twentieth century. The unknown monk of India suddenly leapt into at the
parliament in Chicago in1893, at which he represented Hindusim. His vast knowledge of Eastern
and Western culture as well as his deep spiritual insight, fervid eloquence, brilliant conversation,
broad human sympathy, colourful personality and handsome figure made an irresistible appeal to
the many types of Americans who came in contact with him. People who saw or heard
Vivekananda even once still cherish his memory after a lapse of more than half a century.
1.Swami Vivekananda had an-
(a) inspired personality (b)inspired personality
(c)discouraging personality (d)insensitive personality
2.Where was the parliament of religious held?

4
(a) in India (b) in Newyork (c) in Chicago (d) in Seatle
3.Which religious did Swamiji represent in America?
4.Mention qualities of Swami Vivekananda.
5.Find from the passage the word which means ‘a period of ten years’.
6.Find from the passage the opposite of ‘shallow’.
Answer
1. (b) inspiring personality
2. (b) in Chicago
3. Swamiji represented Hindu religion in America.
4. Swamiji had deep spiritual insight, fervid eloquence, brilliant conservation, broad human
sympathy, colourful personality and handsome figure.
5.Decade
6.Deep
Passage-3
Some people are fond of chewing betels with tobacco. They spit and spit frequently all around
showing no respect for public property. They forget that they have paid for journey and not for
spoiling the train/bus. They throw all rubbish and leftovers whenever they so desire. Our public
transport, our roads and streets, our public places and buildings are seen littered with all sorts of
stinking refuse that tells upon our health and vigour. In spite of the statutory warning, ”Smoking
is injurious to health “ we do not notice any slump in the sale of cigarettes or bidis. The pity is
the smokers in their own enjoyment do not think of the people around them. Sometimes the
surroundings become unfit for breathing. Passive smoking caused more harm.
1.Who spoil the train/bus?
(a)passengers (b)drivers (c)conductors (d) ticket checkers

2. For whom is the statutory warning written?

(a) for smokers (b) for jobers (c) for workers (d)for blockers
3.What do the people chewing betels with tobacco do ?
4. What are public places and facilities littered with?
5.Find the word from the passage which means ‘decide by law’.
6.Find from the passage the opposite of ‘remember’.
Answer
1.(a) passenger
2.(b) jobers
3. The people chewing betels with tobacco spoil public property by spitting on them.
4. Public places and facilities are littered with all sorts of stinking refuse.
5. statutory

5
 6. Forget

Passage-4
One of the greatest mysteries of bird’s life is travelling. Every year during autumn and early
winter birds travel from northern regions of Asia. Europe and America to the southern warmer
lands. They make the return journey again during spring and early summer. They are very
punctual unless they are delayed by bad weather. They face many dangers and hardships while
travelling long distance through the air over hills, forests, plains and large stretches of water.
Sometimes sudden storms arise and drive them far out of course. Often they are blown right out
to sea and are drowned in the wild waves. At night bright lights attract and confuse the birds.
They cannot fly at their fastest.
1. What is one of the greatest mysteries of bird’s life?
(a) Flying (b) travelling (c) eating (d) nesting
2.They are very punctual unless they are delayed by-
(a) charming weather (b)shiny weather (c) cloudy weather (d) bad weather
3. What do migratory birds do every year?
4. Why can’t they fly at their fastest?
5. Find from the passage the word which means ‘travel’.
6. Find from the passage the opposite of ‘dull’.
Answer
1.(b) travelling
2.(d) bad weather
3. During autumn and early winter they travel from northern regions of Asia, Europe and
America to the southern warmer lands.
4. Because of night bright lights they can’t fly at their fastest.
5. Journey
6. Bright
Passage- 5
We take roads as if they were especially meant for us only. Violation of traffic norms and
driving rashly considered signs of gallantry, through when required, such gallants prove to be the
worst cowards. The modern youth take pride in driving a great speed. They ignore the basic
norms of driving such as how and when to overtake a vehicle, when to take a turn, obeying the
traffic signals, keeping the vehicle in order and smokeless, driving in proper lanes, etc. The result
is danger to life. It affected them as also the others moving around. In fact, the movement on
roads has become so dreaded and unsafe that if affects the nervous system of many a sensitive
being. God knows what calamity may happen the next moment.
1.Who take pride in driving a great speed?
(a) The ancient youth (b) The modern youth
(c) The coward youth (d) The sensitive youth

6
 2. Violation of traffic norms leads to-
(a) safety to life (b) safe driving (c) danger to life (d) safety of others
3. How do we behave on the roads?
4. What affected the nervous system of many a sensitive being?
5. Find the word from the passage which means ‘feared greatly’.
6. Find from the passage the opposite of ‘ancient’.
Answer
1. (b) The modern youth
2. We behave on the roads as if they were meant for us only.
3. Dreaded and unsafe traffic movement affects the nervous system of many a sensitive being.
4. Dreaded
5. Modern

Discursive Unseen Passage : 250 Words

Passage-1
Read the following passages carefully and answer the question that follow :
It has become comman knowledge that yoga is good for you. Currently yoga is being used as a
therapy for cancer, infertility, lung disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, insomnia,
high blood pressure, and joint pain. Yet there is very little awareness and understanding on
exactly how yoga heals, even in the yoga and medical communities. The key is to understand the
relationships between stress, yoga and disease. Medical research estimates that as much as 90
percent of illness and disease is stress related. A few of the many disease and condition that have
been linked to an overactive stress response include : cardio-vascular disease, depression,
anxiety, some types of diabetes mellitus, etc .What we feel as stress, is the product of the
sympathetic nerves system or the “fight or flight” response : an almost instantaneous surge in
heart rate, cardiac output , blood pressure, sweating, shallow breathing and metabolism,
combined with a tensing of muscles. Internally, the “fight or flight” response shuts down
digestion and elimination and reduces blood flow to internal organs. Short term, this stress
reaction is a good thing. The “fight or flight” response prepares us to respond shuts down
environmental threat by fighting against it or fleeing from it. But long term continuous exposure
to stress is harmful, placing excess wear and tear on the body’s system and severely limiting the
body’s natural maintenance and healing abilities. Chromic stress can lead to continuously high
levels or cortisol. This body’s natural maintenance and healing abilities. Chronic stress can lead
to continuously high levels or cortisol. This hormone at normal levels helps to maintain an
active, healthy body(including regulation of metabolism and blood pressure).
1.What is good for us today?
(a) yoga (b) medicines (c) operations (d) disease
2.What should we understand between stress, yoga and disease?
(a) relationship (b) cure (c) medicines (d)procedure
3.What percent of illness and disease is stress related?
(a) 60 percent (b) 70 percent (c) 80 percent (d) 90 percent
4.For which disease is yoga being used as ca therapy?
5.How to long term stress harmful?
6. How is normal level of cortisol hormone useful ?
7. How is short term stress good thing ?

7
8.Find from the passage the word which means ‘sleep disorder’.
9. Find form the passage the opposite of ‘fertility’.
Passage- 2
Forests are considered the ‘green gold’ of a country. The very survival of humans and others
living beings is dependent on trees and plants which are a major source of oxygen—the vital gas
for our respiration. They also act as a ‘sink’ for the carbon dioxide exhaled by humans and
animals and spewed from the chimneys and by the automobiles. Forests play a vital role in
sustaining our life . They provide oxygen without which life is not possible on earth. They
maintain a healthy gaseous balance in the atmosphere. They are great moderators of climate.
Plants increase the humidity of water vapour from their exposed surface by way of transpiration.
Forests extensively control soil erosion and landslides. Forests in the hilly areas keeps the soil of
riverbanks intact with their extensive root system. They also maintain the stability of the
mountain slopes. The aerial parts of the plants intercept rain, decreasing its erosion power.
Ground flora and the thick layer of litter and humans in the forests act as sponge and help to
retain the water received in the form of rain or through the melting of snow, tis prevents floods in
the plains. By decreasing the velocity of water coming down the hills, forests help in greater
absorption of water by the soil in the plains and thus preventing . As the soil retains its moisture,
it is released slowly, giving rise to perennial streams and rivulets. The material advantages
offered by forests needs no mention. Through centuries forests have provided us fuel, fodder and
timber wood; our several industries are based on certain resources which are found in the woods.
1.What are considered ‘green gold’ of a country ?
(a) Forests (b) Colours (c) Fields (d) Flages
2. Which gas is vital for our respiration ?(a)Carbon dioxide (b)Nitrogen
(c)Oxygen (d)Hydrogen
3.For which gas do the trees and the plants act as a sink?
(a)Nitrogen (b)Oxygen (c)Carbon dioxide (d)Hydrogen
4.How do the trees maintain a healthy gaseous balance in the atmosphere?
5.How do forests control soil erosion?
6.How do forests prevent droughts?
7.Mention two material advantages offered by forests?
8.Find from the passage the word which means ‘continuing to live’.
9.Find from the passage the opposite of ‘inhaled’.
Answer
1.(a) forests
2.(c)Oxygen
3.(c) Carbon dioxide
4.Trees inhale carbon dioxide and exhale life giving oxygen. Thus they maintain a healthy
gaseous balance.
5.Forests in hilly areas keep the soil of riverbanks intact with their extensive root system. They
maintain stability of mountain slopes.
6.Forests prevents droughts by helping great absorption of water by the soil in the plains.
7. Two material advantages offered by forests are providence of fuel, fodder and timber, and raw
material for industries.
8.Surviving
9.Exhald.

Passage-3

8
Happiness is not a house that can be built by man’s hands, but a song that you hear as you pass
the hedge rising suddenly and simply into the night and dying down again. Happiness is optional.
It is an inner feeling of contentment and joy. Every man should give a little thought to the duty
of being happy. People generally under-rate and neglect this significant duty. ‘Nothing too
much’ is a good maxim of a Greek philosopher. We should control our desires. We should not be
a slave to our desires. We should learn to stop while we still wish to continue. We should call off
our desires before they are satisfied. ‘Nothing too much’ should be our guiding principle when
we control our desires. Happiness is inside, not outside. It is not in the objects. Everyday a
person should think and realise that he is a soul and he is alone. For this sake, he should spare
some time and realise that nothing belongs to him for ever. He should smile and try to internalise
the effect of his smile. He should try to retain the pleasing effect in the inner recesses of his heart
and in the ideas of his mind. Health is also related to happiness. Walking, light physical exercises
and light food free from harmful components are as useful for health as hobbies and company of
good friends. Company of nature and company of good books create a basis of happy living.
Happiness rooted in activity with devotion is an inner feeling of satisfaction or contentment for
those who are not enslaved by desires. We can happy only when we exist in relation to the social
environment with a positive attitude.
1.What is optical ?
(a)Happiness (b) Sadness (c) Calmness (d) Peaceness
2.What should be control ?
(a)Needs (b)Desires (c) Demands (d) Feelings
3. Where is happiness?
(a) Outside (b) Inside (c) Mid-side (d) Upside
4. What, according to the author, is happiness?
5. Which maxim did a Greek philosopher follow?
6.What should a person think and realise everyday?
7.What things create a basis of happy living?
8.Locate from the passage the word which means ‘satisfaction.
9.Find from the passage the opposite of ‘negative’.
Answer
1.(a) Happiness
2.(b) Desires
3.(b) Inside
4. According to the author happiness is an inner feeling of contentment and joy.
5. A Greek philosopher followed the maxim ‘nothing too much’.
6. everyday a person should think and realise that he is soul and he is alone.
7. Company of nature and of good books create a basis of happy living.
8. Contentment
9.Positive

Passage-4
Very few persons know how to read. Considerable experience with literature is needed before
taste and discrimination can possibly by acquired; and, without these, it is almost impossible to
learn how to read. I say, almost impossible; since there are some rare men who, through a kind of
inherited literary instinct are able to read very well even before reaching the age of twenty-five
years. But these are great exceptions, and I am speaking of the average; for to read the characters
of the letters of the text does not mean reading in the true sense. You will often find yourselves

9
reading words or characters automatically, even pronouncing them quite correctly, while your
minds are occupied with a totally different subject. This mechanism of reading becomes
altogether automatic at an early period of life, and can be performed irrespective of attention.
Neither can I call it reading to extract the narrative portion of a text from the rest simply one’s
personal amusement, or in other words, to read a book “for the story”. Yet most of the reading
that is done in the world is donein exactly this way. Thousands and thousands of book are bought
every year, every month, I might even say every day, by people who do not read at all. They only
think that they read They buy books just to amuse themselves, “to kill time” as they call it; in
one hour or two their eyes have passed over all the pages, and there is left in their minds a vague
idea or two about what they have been looking at; and this they really believe is reading. Nothing
is more common than to be asked, “have you read such a book?” or to hear somebody say, “I
have read such and such a book.”
1.Who, according to author, know how to read?
(a)All the person (b)No persons (c)Very few persons (d) Some persons
2.About which readers is the author speaking ?
(a) Average readers (b) Exceptional readers (c) Habitual
readers (d) Professional readers
3.About whom is this passage?
(a) Speakers (b) Readers (c) Writers (d) Publishers
4. What is needed before taste and discrimination can possible be acquired?
5. What is the mechanism of reading at an early period of life?
6. How is most of the reading done?
7.Which type of readers is the author speaking about?
8. Find from the passage the word which means ‘entertainment’.
9. Find from the passage the opposite of ‘after’.
Answer
1.(c) Very few persons
2. (a) Average readers
3.(b) Readers
4. Considerable experience with literature is needed foe that.
5. At an early period of life the mechanism of reading is this that you will find yourself reading
words while your attention is occupied with a totally different subject.
6.Most of the reading is done in this way—to read a book ‘for the story’ just to get a vague idea.
7.The author is speaking about the average reader, not the exceptional reader.
8. Amusement
9. Before
Passage-5
We want purity—pure food, pure water, pure air. We long for pure surrounding. We yearn for
pure heart and pure love. We prefer pure environment and pure society. We are fond of purity
because purity promotes health. Impurities are injurious to health. Purity provides peace of mind.
Impurities impair the mind. Both for bodily health and mentally health, we need purity. We do
require environmental purity for overall health.
Purity of body is physical health. Purity of speech is unsullied truth. Purity of heart is unselfish
love. Purity of thought is righteous reason. Purity of mind is wholesome peace. Purity of action
is sincere and unselfish service. Purity of society is harmonious unity. Purity of environmental is
soul-elevating serenity.

10
In the Mahabharata, there is an interesting episode to illustrate the nature of purity. The Pandavas
and Kauravas were Drona’s disciples. They were once summoned by the preceptor Drona for a
test. The eldest of the Pandavas, Yudhishthira was asked to bring one bad person from the
society. The eldest of the Kauravas, Duryodhana, was asked to fetch one good person from the
same society in Hastinapur. After a though search both the cousins returned empty- handed. The
pure minded Yudhishthira found everyone to be pious and pure. The impure mind of
Duryodhana found everyone to be evil and impure. As is the mind, so is the vision.
Purity of mind makes our vision, words and deeds pure. It has also the power to purify people.
Evil has on place in the presence of purity. Nor can it face purity, as darkness cannot face the
sun. It only gets changed into purity.
1.Why are we fond of purity?
(a)because it promotes health (b)because it weakness health
(c)because it strengthens weakness (d)because it promotes ill-health
2. What provides peace of mind?
(a)impurity (b)purity (c)environment (d)city
3.What does purity of body give ?
(a)phycological health (b) mental health (c)
physical health (d) None of the above
4.What is the purity of speech and heart?
5. Who was Drona?
6. What is the purity of thought, mind and action?
7. How is the saying ‘as is the mind, so is the vision ‘ true on Duryodhana?
8.Find from the passage the word which means ‘have an intense longing for something?
9.Find from the passage the opposite of ‘absence’.
Answer
1.(a) because it promotes health
2.(b) purity
3.(c) physical health
4.The purity of speech is unsullied truth. The purity of heart is unselfish love.
5.Drona was the ‘guru’ of the Pandavas and the Kauravas princess.
6.The purity of though is righteous reason. The purity of mind is wholesome peace and the purity
of action is sincere and unselfish service.
7. It is so because Duryodhana was bad by mind so didn’t find a single good person in his
kingdom.
8.Yearm.
9.Presence.
Passage 6
After water, tea is the most popular beverage in the world. Its popularity has survived
thousands of years and has played an important role in many cultures. It is enjoyed both hot
and cold, as a refreshing drink, as part of a ceremony, or as a tonic for improved health.2. The
drink of Asia for hundreds of years, tea is believed to have been brought to Europe by the
Dutch. Today, from remote Ladakh in India to Buckingham Palace in. London, tea is
synonymous with cheer. It is rightly said that there will be no agreement on a perfect cup of
tea. Though for tea drinkers the brew is addictive, the preferred method of preparation and
taste differ from person to person and region to region. From traditional black teas, to the
newer, and extraordinarily healthy white teas, and recognisable flavoured teas such as Earl
Grey, to exotic blends such as Rooibos Love, there is a flavour and a blend for everyone.
Today many varieties of tea and tea brands are available in the market. An innovation is the
tea-bag that is easy, quick and less messy than traditional ways of brewing tea. Green tea is

11
popular in China and the Far East.3. In Japan, the tea ceremony is a traditional way of
greeting guests and is a social occasion. Unlike the tea we are familiar with, green tea is not
drunk with sugar or milk. It is an olive-coloured liquid served in porcelain cups. In Morocco,
green tea is infused with freshly plucked mint.
Questions:
1. Who brought tea to Europe?
(a) Greece (b) Dutch (c) Portuguese (d) China

2. Where is ‘Green tea’ popular?

(a) China (b) India (c) Europe (d) France

3. What is the opposite word of “Slow” from the passage?

4. What is similar to “recharging” in the passage?

5. Answer the following questions briefly

A. Who brought tea to Europe?
B. What is the new and convenient way of making tea?
C. Where is the tea ceremony a way of greeting guests?
D. Where is ‘Green tea’ popular

Answers:
1. (b) Dutch 2. (a) China
3. Quick 4. Refreshing
5. Answers-
A.The Dutch brought tea to Europe.
B. New and convenient way of making tea is by using tea bags.
C. In Japan tea ceremony is a way of greeting guest.

D. Green tea is popular in China.

Passage 7
One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers.
They are widely used in industries and in universities. Now there is hardly any sphere of
human life where computers have not been pressed into service of man. We are heading fast
towards the day when a computer will be as much part of man’s daily life as a telephone – or
a calculator.
Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning.
They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts
in order. These machines can be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide
information on the best way to prevent traffic jams. This whole process by which machines
can be used to work for us has been called ‘automation.’ In the future automation may enable
human beings to enjoy more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound
to have important social consequences.
Some years ago an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit, pointed out that it was a mistake to
believe that these machines could ‘think.’ There is no possibility that human beings will be
“controlled by machines.” Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and
improving on their performance, they need detailed instructions from human beings to
operate. They can never, as it were, lead independent lives or “rule the world” by making
decisions of their own.
Questions:
1. What is the greatest advancement in modern technology?
(a) Computer (b) Telephone (c) Calculator (d) Water heater

2. The process by which machines can be used to work for us called………..

(a) Automation (b) Calculation (c) Invention (d) Animation

12
3. What is the opposite word of ‘ancient’ from the passage?
4. Answer the following questions briefly
A. What is the greatest advancement in modern technology?
B. What complicated works are computers capable of doing?
C. What is the opposite word of ‘ancient’ from the passage?
D. What is automation?
E. Why can’t computers lead independent lives or rule the world?
F. What did Sir Leon point about computers?

Answers:
1. (a) Computer 2. (a) Automation 3. Modern
4. Answers
A. The greatest advancement in modern technology is the invention of computers.
B. Computers are capable of solving mathematical problems and put thousands of
unrelated facts in order.
C. Modern
D. Automation is the process by which machines can be used to work for us. E.
Computers need detailed instructions from human beings to operate/ cannot make
decisions of their own. Therefore computers cannot lead independent lives or rule the
world.
F. Sir Leon pointed that it was a mistake to believe that computers could think.

Passage 8

Morning walk is an exercise with many benefits. A person who goes on morning walk has to
get up early in the morning; thus it teaches self-discipline. As one begins one’s walk in the
peace of the morning, he begins to feel the freshness of the morning. The pure air goes into
his lungs which purifies his blood. It has been proved scientifically that those who go for
morning walk everyday tend to be more energetic throughout the day. morning walk has been
found extremely effective in promoting the health of the heart. It is also good in maintaining
proper blood pressure. Everyday morning walk target achieved gives a boost to self
confidence and upbeat mood. Besides making you feel cheerful it also brings you close to
nature and sensitive to its beauty. In order to avail so many benefits, we all must go for
morning walk every morning.
Questions:
1. What is an exercise with many benefits?
(a) playing (b) morning walk (c) dancing (d)jumping

2. The pure air goes in to our lungs which purifies our ………….
(a) mind (b) blood (c) heart (d) soul

3. What is the opposite word of “insensitive” from the passage?

4. Answer the following questions briefly

A. How does morning walk teach self-discipline?
B. How does morning walk help in purifying blood?
C. How is the morning walk good for health?
D. What does a person feel in the morning?
E. What has been proved scientifically?
F. Write the similar word for ‘joyful’ from the passage

Answers:
1. (b) morning walk 2. (b) blood 3. Sensitive
4. Answers:
A. A person who goes on morning walk has to get up early in the morning; thus it
teaches self-discipline.

13
 B. During morning walk the pure air goes into his lungs which purifies his blood. C.
Morning walk has been found extremely effective in promoting the health of the
heart. It is also good in maintaining proper blood pressure.
D. Every day morning walk boost to self-confidence and it makes one feel cheerful. E. It
has been proven scientifically that those who go for morning walk everyday tend to be
more energetic throughout the day.
F. Cheerful
Passage 9
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born to a Hindu family on October 2, 1869, in India. He
was a lawyer, politician, social activist and writer who became the leader of the nationalist
movement against the British rule of India. Today he is best known for being a symbol of
peace, humility and willful poverty.
At thirteen Gandhi was married to a girl who was the same age as he. He travelled to London
in 1888 to study law and graduated in 1891. After attempting but failing to practice law in
Bombay, India, Gandhi accepted a job offer in South Africa. He spent more than two decades
there. This is also where he found his true passion for advocating civil rights.
In South Africa, where the Indian population mainly worked as poor labourers, Gandhi
experienced the oppression and racism in this country at first hand. He was thrown off a train,
barred from hotels reserved “for whites only,” and assaulted by a white mob. Like his fellow
Indians, he was not even allowed to walk on the pavement!
Questions:
1. When was Gandhi ji born?
(a) 1868 (b) 1869 (c) 1870 (d) 1970

2. At what age did he got married?

(a) Twenty (b) Thirty (c) Thirteen (d) Twelve

3. What is the opposite of “Unmarried” from the passage?

4. Answer the following questions briefly
A. When was Gandhi ji born?
B. What he is best known for?
C. At what age did he got married?
D. What happened in 1891?
E. What was his experiences in South Africa?
F. Write the similar word for ‘poorness’ from the passage.
.
Answers:
1. (b) 1869 2. (c) Thirteen 3. married
4.Answers:
nd
A. Gandhi ji was born on 2 October.
B. He is best known for being a symbol of peace, humility and wilful poverty.
C. At the age of thirteen Gandhi ji got married
D. Gandhi ji was graduated in 1891.
E. Gandhi ji experienced the oppression and racism in South Africa.
F. Poverty

14
 GRAMMAR
Correct Forms of Verbs
Tenses Correct form of the Verbs Adverbials

Present Affirmative V1 / V1 + s/es Always, often, daily, regularly, seldom,

Indefinite never, generally, frequently, occasionally,
rarely, hardly, scarcely, in the
Negative do/does+Not+
morning/evening, every/each day/week /
month/year/ on Sunday/Monday, once a
day/week/
V1 In the following type of sentences Present
Interrogative Indefinite tense is used:
Universal Truth /Scientific Truth /
Habitual Facts/ Proverbs
Do/Does+V1

Present is/ am/ are + V1+ing today / now/at this time/ at this moment/
Continuous at present / now-a-days/ in these days/
still / look!, see!, listen!

Present Perfect has/ have + V3 just , just now, already, yet, so far,
recently, lately

Present has/ have +been + V1+ing since/for + time

Perfect
Continuous

Past Indefinite Affirmative V2 Yesterday, one day, once, ago, that day,
as soon as, when, as, last +
week/month/year, the other day, in
Negative / did +V1 2001, 1999 …….
Interrogative

Past was / were + V1+ing at that time, at that moment, in those

Continuous days, while

Past Perfect had + V3 V2 + after + had + V3

had + V3 + before + V2

Past Perfect had +been + V1+ ing when / as / before+ V2 ….., since / for +time
Continuous

Future shall /will + V1 tomorrow , next + day / week/month/

Indefinite years, the coming day, the following day,
in future

Future shall /will +be + V1+ing at this time / at this moment + tomorrow ,
Continuous next + day / week/month/ years, the coming
day, the following day, in future

Future Perfect shall /will +have + V3 by + time

15
Future shall /will have been + V1+ing for + time + by + time
Perfect
Continuous

TENSES
TENSE EXERCISE:- 1
Choose the correct option:-
1. He…………(get up) in the morning He when an alarm clock ........... (ring).
(1) is get up, rings (2) got up, ranging (3) gets up, rings (4) gets up, rang Ans.( 3 )
2. They often…………(go) to the picture on Saturdays.
(1) went (2) is going (3) are going (4) go Ans.( 4 )
3. His tricks......... (amuse) everybody.
(1) amuses (2) amuse. (3) is amusing (4) has amused Ans.( 2 )
4. Everybody..................(not succeed.) in life.
(1) does not succeed (2) do not succeed
(3) did not succeed (4) has not succeed Ans.( 1)
5. She................ (have) a sharp knife in her pocket.
(1) had (2) have (3) has (4) is Ans.( 3)
6. Where…………… he………? (live)
(1) do live (2) lives (3) lived (4) does live Ans.( 4)
7. …………you……. (have) any book on English Grammar?
(1) do (2) does (3) has (4) have Ans.( 1)
8. There…………(be) no books on Tagore in the library.
(1) is (2) are (3) have (4) has Ans.( 2 )
9. Where.................. he (be) these days?
(1) is (2) are (3) was (4) have Ans.( 1 )
10. The president.................. (act) on the advice of the cabinet.
(1) acted (2) has been acting (3) is acted (4) acts Ans.( 4 )
11. He.............(agree) with me on this point.
(1) has agree (2) agrees (3) agreed (4) none Ans.( 2 )
12. An honest person never.......................... (dceive) anybody.
(1) deceives (2) deceived (3) deceive (4) none Ans.( 1 )
13. He..........(weight) fifty kilograms.
(1) is weight (2) weight (3) weights (4) has weighted Ans.(3)
14. A collector is a person who…………..(collect) revenue.
(1) collected (2) collects (3) has collected (4) collect Ans.( 2 )
15. Flies................ (carry) germs of diseases on their feet.
(1) carry (2) carries (3) has carried (4) has carried Ans.( 1 )

16. He........ (take) this medicine twice a day.

(1) took (2) has taken (3) takes (4) take Ans.( 3 )
17. Hanuman …………(go) toLanka........... (find) out Sita, ………….(set) fire to Lanka and
.................(come) back to Ram.
(1) went, found, set, comes (2) goes, finds, sets, comes
(3) goes, finds, set, came (4) went, finds, sets, came Ans.( 2 )

18. I .......... (take) some water, …..... (put)some salt into it, and ......... (shake) the bottle.
(1) take, put, shake (2) took puts, shook
(3) takes, puts, shakes (4) took, put, shakes Ans.( 1 )
19. The Gita...........(say) that the soul is im-mortal.
(1) said (2) say (3) says (4) had said Ans.( 3 )
20. Who...........(not know) her?

16
(1) did not know (2) is not known
(3) does not know (4) do not know Ans. ( 3 )
21. Water …………..(freeze) at "O" degreecentigrade.
(1) freezes (2) freeze (3) freezed (4) has freezed Ans.( 1 )
22. The .................... (stand) on the Jamuna.
(1) stand (2) stood (3) stands (4) has stood Ans.( 3 )
23. She….......(look) at the newspapers atpresent.
(1) looked (2) looks (3) is looking (4) has looked Ans. (3)

24…….....you……… (do) anything at thepresent moment?

(1) is do (2) are doing (3) is doing (4) has done Ans.( 2 )
25. What you………..(do) these days?
(1) do (2) does (3) are doing (4) has done Ans.( 3 )
26. You can't see her. She still.............(sleep)
(1) sleeps (2) is sleeping (3) slept (4) has slept Ans.( 2 )
27. You ……. always........(put) my booksin disorder. (Shows irritation)
(1) has put (2) puts (3) put (4) are putting Ans.( 4 )
28 ........ you ………..(listen) to what I ……….(say)?
(1) are, listening, am saying (2) was, listened, said
(3) has, listened, is said (4) do, listens, say Ans.( 1 )
29. Please give me something to eat. I …………(die) with hunger.
(1) died (2) has died (3) am dying (4) is died Ans.( 3 )
30. My son…………(go) to school onfoot every morning.
(1) went (2) go (3) goes (4) is going Ans.( 3 )
31. The baby………..(cry) because it is hungry now.
(1) is cried (2) is crying (3) cries (4) cried Ans.( 2 )
32. A person who........(write) novelsis called a novelist.
(1) wrote (2) write (3) is writing (4) writes Ans.( 4 )
33 My mother often………(go) for awalk on Sundays.
(1) goes (2) went (3) is going (4) has gone Ans.( 1 )
34. Look! They……..(swim) againstthe current.
(1) swim (2) has swim (3) are swimming (4) none Ans.( 3 )
35. Gold.................. (be) a precious metal.
(1) are (2) is (3) has (4) has been Ans.( 2 )
36. My father......... (work) in a factory and usually .......... (not come) home for lunch.
(1) works, does not come (2) has worked, did not come
(3) worked, did not come (4) had worked, did not come Ans.( 1 )
38. She often……….(carry) an umbrella.She........(carry) one even now.
(1) is carrying, is carrying (2) carries, carries
(3) carries, is carrying (4) is carrying, carries Ans. (3)
39. If I ……………..a bird, I could fly in the sky.
(1) was (2) had (3) were (4) am Ans. (3)
40. If I _____ a tiger, I would run for my life.
(1) had seen (2) seen (3) see (4) saw Ans. (4)
Tense exercise:- 2
1. Although the police ______ every precaution, the robber managed to escape.
(A) take (B) takes (C) has taken (D) had taken
2. The boys ______ television every night unless they have homework.
(A) watch (B) watches (C) watched (D) watching
(3) Seema …………….an appointment to see the doctor. It is at 10:00 tomorrow.
(a) make (b) makes (c) made (d) has made
4. They …………….. when they are ready.
(a) come (b) came (c) will come (d) have come

17
5. Rekha ………………watching horror films although she has nightmares afterwards.
(a) like (b) likes (c) liked (d) will like
6. It………………….every afternoon for the past week. The weather forecast predicts rain for the
next week too.
(a) is raining (b) was raining
(c) has been raining (d) had been raining
7. I …………….the door before I realized that the keys were inside the house.
(a) lock (b) locked (c) has locked (d) had locked
8. when Rashmi……………her first pay, she bought presents for her parents.
(a) receive (b) received (c) has received (d) had received
9. It’s lovely to wake up in the morning and …………..birds singing.
(a) hear (b) hears (c) heard (d) hearing
10. Aroon …………800 rs. For that bag.
(a) pay (b) paid (c) pays (d) paying
11. When I went back to my hometown three years ago, I found that a lot of
changes…………………..
(a) are taken place (b) were taken place
(c) have been taken place (d) had taken place
12. Look! A cat ……………… a mouse.
(a) chased (b) is chasing (c) was chasing (d) has chased
13. I am sorry the house is not available any longer. It …………to a timber tycoon
(a) is sold (b) was being sold (c) has been sold (d) will be sold
14. Manish …………….. to Delhi last year.
(a) is transferred (b) was transferred
(c) has been transferred (d) should be transferred
15. Passengers …………… to smoke in the train.
(a) are not allowed (b) was not allowed
(c) had not allowed (d) will not allow
16. Firemen who battled the fire ………….under control after forty minutes.
(a) is brought (b) was brought (c) can be brought (d) has been brought
17. The students ………to leave the building immediately.
(a) ordered (b) will order (c) have ordered (d) have been ordered
18. The price ……….., but I doubt whether it will remain so.
(a) went down (b) will go down (c) has gone down (d) was going down
19. My mother ………. Sweets from JMB sweet shop once a week.
(a) is buying (b) has bought (c) buys (d) will have bought
20. The groom, together with his parents …………the guests at this time.
(a) is greeting (b) have greeted (c) are greeting (d) were greeting
21. None of the new equipment ………………….. yet.
(a)Has arrived (b) have arrived (c) were arriving (d) are arriving
22. …………she………..a lot of friends at the party yesterday?
(a) does, make (b) did, make (c) did, made (d) do, make
23. No body …………… the telephone an hour ago.
(a) is using (b) were using (c) was using (d) has used
24. If I ……..some money I would not have to borrow now.
(a) am saving (b) have saved (c) saved (d) had saved
25. A river …………… downstream.
(a) flows (b) sill flow (c) is flowing (d) was flowing
26. She ……………………. A maid by next year.
(a) employs (b) employed (c) has employed (d) will have employed
27. He………….never……………since he nearly……………..
(a) has , swum, drowned (b) had, swum, was swimming
(c) was, swimming (d) did, swum, had drowned
28. We ………….jungle- trekking.

18
(a) are liking (b) has liked (c) dislike (d) were liking
29. The members …………… for a new committee in the meeting now.
(a) Were voting (b) are voting (c) have voted (d) had voted
29. They ………….ready for his moment for weeks.
(a) Get (b) are getting (c) will get (d) have been getting
30. ………….. Sam and Tony ………..the rules?
(a) Were, knowing (b) does, knows (c) are, knowing (d) do, know
31. The old lady ………………………for a long time, before she …………..away.
(a ) Had been suffering, passed (c) was suffering, had passed
(b) Is suffering, passed (d) has suffered, was passing
32. I …………………an appoint with the dentist soon.
(a) Make (b) made (c) will make (d) have made
33. The clerk ……………….………..money from the bank by one o-clock.
(a) Is withdrawing (c) has withdrawn
(b) Has been withdrawing (d) will have withdrawn
34. If you…………..hard, you will pass the exam.
(a) Worked (b) working (c) work (d) works
Answer:- 1D 2A 3D 4C 5B 6C 7D 8B 9A 10B 11D 12B 13C 14B 15A 16B 17D 18C 19C 20A
21A 22B 23C 24D 25A 26D 27A 28C 29B 30D 31D 32A 33C 34D 35C

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets:
1. Honesty …….. the best policy. (be)
2. The Prime Minister …………..our college next month. (visit)
3. Listen! Someone …........... to open the gate. (try)
4. She ……….. all the clothes so you can wear that. (iron)
5. I ……….. to Jaipur yesterday. (go)
6. We ……….. to school tomorrow. (go)
7. When I ………….. her first time she was young. (see)
8. I ………….. a story while Hari was writing a letter. (read)
9. Ram …………. his work. (do)
10. They …………… the house before evening. (leave)
11. If you don't work hard work you ……………… this year. (not pass)
12. Ram ……………. a house recently. (buy)
13. These boys ………… cricket match on Monday. (play)
14. He ………… tea twice a day. (take)
15. I ………… all sweets so there is nothing to eat. (eat)
16. Our class teacher always …………… on time. (come)
17. Look! An old man is …………. After the bus to catch it. (run)
18. She ……….. him few days back. (meet)
19. My mother ……………. food at this time. (cook)
20. We ………… to the picture last Sunday. (go)
21. If you run fast, you ……………. the bus. (catch)
22. She cooked food and ………. it to her children. (serve)
23. I always ……….. early in the morning in my childhood. (get up)
24. I ………… at this time tomorrow. (sleep)
25. India ………. Freedom in 1947. (get)
26. He …………. a letter to his father last Monday. (write)
27. Somebody ………….. outside when I was sleeping. (shout)

19
28. The train ……….. before I reached the station. (start)
29. Sohan ………… his course before the examination began. (not finish)
30. Two and two ………… four. (make)
31. I …………… English these days. (learn)
32. Earth ……….. around the Sun. (move)
33. He ……….. test at 7 a.m. tomorrow. (take)
34. We …………. The zoo last month. (visit)
35. The police ……….. after the robbers had run away. (come)
36. We ……….. to school tomorrow. (go)
37. He …………. when they came back. (sleep)
38. They ………… T.V. at this time yesterday. (watch)
39. She ……….. her purse while she was running. (lose)
40. The baby …………. because it is hungry. (cry)
41. They ……….. in the garden next morning. (water)
42. I ………… the course by the end of the month. (revise)
43. The weather ……….. very pleasant last week. (be)
44. They …………. cards, when the postman came. (play)
45. We ………….. home before it rained. (reach)
46. The boys …………….. a football match. (play)
47. She …………… her homework yet. (not complete)
48. They …………. T.V. now. (watch)
49. India …………. the World Cup 2011. (win)
50. The accident …………. at 10:30 last evening. (occur)

Answer Key :-
(1) is (2) visits (3) is trying (4) has ironed (5) went (6) will go (7) was seeing (8) was
reading(9) has done (10)will have left (11) will not pass (12) has bought (13) will play (14)
takes (15) have eaten (16) comes (17) is running (18) met (19) is cooking (20) went (21) will
catch (22) served (23) got up (24) shall be sleeping (25) got (26) wrote (27) was shouting (28)
had started (29) had not finished (30) makes (31) am learning (32) moves (33) will be taking
(34) visited (35) came (36) will go (37) had slept (38) were watching (39) lost (40) is crying
(41) will be watering (42) shall have revised (43) was (44) were playing (45) had reached (46)
are playing (47) has not completed (48) are watching (49) won (50) occurred

ACTIVE PASSIVE
Active ls Passive es cnyus ds lkekU; fu;e
 Active sentence ds Object dks Passive sentence dk Subject cuk nsrs gSA
 Be verb (is/am/are/was/were/being/been) dks Tense ds vuqlkj iz;ksx dj 3rd form of Main
verb dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
 In the end use By agent (by ds lkFk Subject dks Object es cnydj iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA)
 Points to be remembered
 While transforming into passive voice type of sentence should not be
changed.
 Type of tense should not be changed.

20
 Pronoun dks cnyuk%&
Active voice Passive voice

I Me

We Us

You You

He Him

She Her

They Them

Note:- According to the chart Subject into Object and Object into Subject is changed vice
versa (mijksä pkVZ ds vuqlkj drkZ dks deZ ,oa deZ dks drkZ esa cnyk tkrk gSA½
Active ls Passive cukrs le; verb fuEukuqlkj cnyrh gS%&
V1+ s /es is,am,are+V3

Do not, Does not + V1 is,am,are+not+V3

V2 was,were+V3

did not + V1 was,were+not+V3

is,am,are+V1+ing is,am,are+being+V3

was,were+V1+ing was,were+being+V3

has,have,had+V3 has been, have been, had been+V3

21
 will, shall ,can, could, may, might, must will, shall ,can, could, may, might,
must+be+V3

will have/ shall have will have been/ shall have been

Unimportant Subject- ;fn Active voice esa dk sbZ , slk subject gks ftldk egRo ugha gks rks passive
voice cukrs le; mls NksM+ nsrs g SaA ize[q k unimportant subject fuEufyf[kr g S&They, We, People, All
of them, indefinite Pronouns tSls someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, one, no one
nobody etc.
Eg. People speak English all over the world.
English is spoken all over the world.
Somebody has stolen my purse.
My purse has been stolen.
Interrogative sentences dk passive voice. cukuk
Interrogative sentence nks i zdkj ds gk srs gSa
1- Those start with Auxiliary verbs (Is/am/are/was/were/do/does/did/has/have/had)
Or (Modal verbs can/will/shall/may/would etc)
2- Wh. Word ls “kq: gksus okys ¼what\when/where/why/who/whom/how etc½

Helping verbls “kq: gksus okys dk passive voice.cukuk

Helping verb +object+V3 +by+subject?

Eg.1 Do the boys play cricket? (Active voice)

Is cricket played by the boys?(Passive voice)

Can you lift the box? (Active)
Can the box be lifted by you? (Passive)

Wh. word ls “kq: gksus okys okD;ksa dk passive voice cukuk

Wh. word+ Helping verb +Object +V3+by+sub?
Eg.2 Why should you not believe me? (Active voice)

Why should I not be believed by you? (Passive voice)

Who ls “kq: gksus okys okD;ksa dk passive voice.cukuk

1- By Whom ls passive voice.vkjEHk djks

2- By Whom ds ckn helping verb yxkosA

3-fQj objective + V3 yxkos A

22
 Eg. Who can teach you?

By whom can you be taught?

Whom ls “kq: gksus okys okD;ksa dk passive voice.cukuk

1. Who ls passive voice.vkjEHk djks

2. Who ds ckn helping verb yxkos
3. fQj objective + V3 yxkos

Eg. Whom do you like?

Who is liked by you?
Imperative sentences dk passive voice. cukuk
Imperative okD;ksa dh igpku
1- Verb dh first form ls “kq: gksrs gS aA
2- Do ;k Do not ls “kq: gksrs gS aA

passive voice dk Formula

Let+ object+be+V3
Eg.3 Open the window. (Active voice)
Let the window be opened. (Passive voice)
Eg.4 Do not play games in the evening. (Active voice)

Let the games not be played in the evening. (Passive voice)

Please vkSj Kindly ls “kq: gksus okys okD;ksa dk passive voice cukuk
Active Formula:- Please+verb+object
Passive Formula:- You are requested +to+verb+Object
Eg.5 Please, give me your pen. (Active voice)
You are requested to give me your pen. (Passive voice)
Exercise:Change these sentences into passive voice.
1- Ram eats a mango.
2- He writes a letter.
3- They play cricket.
4- Mr. Sharma is teaching English.
5- Children have eaten food.
6- Mohan wrote a story.
7- They did not play cricket.
8- The boys are playing football.
9- They will have built the bridge.
10- Sita will write a book.
11- Mr. Sharma taught us English.
12- People take tea in the morning.
13- Some one is waiting for you in the school.
14- Do the boys eat apple?
15- Was sita cooking food?
16- Did she write a letter?

23
 17- When will you return my book?
18- Why was he laughing at sita?
19- What is he reading?
20- Who do you like most?
21- Who can solve this paper?
22- Who broke this beautiful cup?
23- Are you playing games?
24- Have you written a book?
25- Open the window.
26- Shut the door.
27- Do not play football on the road.
28- Please, give me your car.
29- Please, keep off the grass.
30- Nobody can do it.

ANSWER:-
1- A mango is eaten by Ram.
2- A letter is written by him.
3- Cricket is played.
4- English is being taught by Mr. Sharma.
5- Food has been eaten by children.
6- A story was written by Mohan.
7- Cricket was not played.
8- Football is being played by the boys.
9- The bridge will have been built.
10- A book will be written by Sita.
11- English was taught to us by Mr. Sharma.
12- Tea is taken in the morning.
13- You are being waited in the school.
14- Is apple eaten by the boys?
15- Was food being cooked by Sita?
16- Was a letter written by her?
17- When will my book be returned by you?
18- Why was Sita being laughed at by him?
19- What is being read by him?
20- By whom is liked most by you?
21- By whom can this question be solved?
22- By whom was this beautiful cupbroken?
23- Are games being played by you?
24- Has a book been written by you?
25- Let the window be opened.
26- Let the door be shut.
27- Let football not be played on the road.
28- You are requested to give me your car.
29- You are requested to keep off the grass.
30- It cannot be done.

24
 DIRECT- INDIRECT SPEECH
_____RV_____, “______RS_______”

Tense laca/kh changes

Note:- Reporting verbs PRESENT or FURE esga Srks Reported Speech ds tense esa No
change.
 If the reporting verb is in present or future tense then there is no change in the
tense of Reported speech but there is change in pronouns and other words of time
and place.
Eg. 1 Ram says , “ Children like to play .”
Ram says that children like to play.
Eg. 2 Arti will say , “ Bharti was honest.”
Arti will say that Bharti was honest.

Note:-If Reporting verb has Past tense then the tense of Reposted Speech will change accordingly:
(;fn Reporting Verb Past Tense me gks rks Tense fuEu izdkj cnysxkA)
Changes of Tenses

1. Simple Present Tense - Simple Past Tense

{VI} : {VII}

DIRECT : Shyam said, “Hari grows plants”.

INDIRECT : Shyam said that Hari grew plants.

2. Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense
{is/am/are+VI+ing} {was/were+VI+ing}
DIRECT : She said, “Anita is writing a story”.
INDIRECT : She said that Anita was writing a story.
3. Present Perfect Tense Past perfect Tense
[has/have+VIII] : [had+VIII]
DIRECT : I said, “Asha has learnt English”.
INDIRECT : I said that Asha had learnt English.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Has been / have
been V1 ing+ : (Had been + VI +ing+since/for+time) since/for+time )
DIRECT : You said, “Snow has been falling since Monday”.
INDIRECT : You said that snow had been falling since Monday”.
5. Simple Past Tense Past Perfect Tense

(VII / did + VI ) : (Had + VIII)

DIRECT : Hari said, “Anita went there”.
INDIRECT : Hari said that Anita had gone there. 5. Past Continuous Tense Past
6. Perfect Continuous Tense (was /were+VI +ing) : (had been + VI +ing)
DIRECT : Vishal said, “Kuldeep was obtaining good marks”.
INDIRECT : Vishal said that Kuldeep had been obtaining good marks
7. Past Perfect Tense No change
(had+VIII ) : (had+VIII)

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 DIRECT : Mahendra said, “Ram had married”.
INDIRECT : Mahendra said that Ram had married.
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense No change.
(had been+VI+ing ) : (had been+VI +ing)
DIRECT : He said, “She had been teaching since 2001”.
INDIRECT : He said that she had been teaching since 2001.
9. Modal verbs: Will-Would, Shall-Should, Can-Could, May-Might
DIRECT : He said, “I shall work hard”.
INDIRECT : He said that he would work hard.
DIRECT : Sita said, “Preeti will get the job.”
INDIRECT : Sita said that Preeti would get the job.
Note:- If Reporting verb is in Past tense and the sentence of Reported Speech expresses
Universal Truth, historical fact, proverbs / Idioms, or Sience and mathes rules then the tense
of Reported Speech will not be changed. (;fn Reeporting verb past tense esa gks vkSj
Roported Speech esa ,slk okD; gks tks “kk”or lR;] ,frgklhd rF;] dgkors ;k eqgkojsa ;k xf.kr ;k foKku
ds fu;eks dks n”kkZus okyk gks rks Reeported Speech okys okD; dk Tense ugha cnyk tkrk gSaA)

Ex. DIRECT: The teacher said, “The earth is round.”

INDIRECT: The Teacher said that the earth is round.
Eg. The teacher said , “ India got freedom in 1947.”
The teacher said that India got freedom in 1947.
Eg. The teacher said , “ Fortune favours the brave.”
The teacher said that fortune favours the brave.

CHANGE OF PRONOUNS

RS 1st 2nd 3rd

RV Subject Object No change

Note:-
1. If RS (Reposrte Speech) has 1st person of Pronoun then it will change according
to the subject of RV (Reporting verb).
2. If RS (Reposrte Speech) has 2nd person of Pronoun then it will change according
to the objrct of RV (Reporting verb).
3. If RS (Reposrte Speech) has 3rd person of Pronoun then it will not be changed.

26
 Personal Pronouns
Subjective Possessive Objective Reflexive
Case Case Case Pronouns

First Person Singular I my / mine Me Myself

Number

Plural Number We Our / ours Us Ourselves

Second Singular & You Your / yours You Yourself /

Person Plural Number yourselves

Third Person Singular He His Him Himself

Masculine

Singular She Her/hers Her Herself

Feminine

Singular It Its It Itself

non -
personal

Plural They Their / theirs Them Themselves

Rule 2.Reporting verb PAST TENSE es gks rks reported speech Hkh PAST TENSE esa gksxh
Reported speech Change in reported speech

Do / does + V1 Did/V2

Do / does not Did not

Is/ am / are Was / were

Has / have Had

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 Did + V1 Had+V3

Was / were Had been

Can Could

Will Would

Shall Would

May Might

Must Must / had/ to (past)

B. Reporting verb and Conjunction laca/kh change

Sentence Reporting Verbs Conjunction

Assertive Say to / Says to / Said to That

Tell / Tells /Told

Interrogative Ask / asks / asked If / whether/ wh

Imperative Told / asked / advised To V1

Ordered / requested /forbade not to (Don’t+V1

Optative Wished / blessed / cursed That

Exclamatory Ex claimed with sorrow / Joy / surprise That

(II) Distance and time lca/kh ifjorZu

This - that Today - that day

These - those Tomorrow - the next day

Here - there Next day - the following day

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 Now - then Yesterday - the previous day

Ago - before Last week - the previous week

CHANGE DIRECT INTO INDIRECT

1. STATEMENTS / ASSERTIVE SENTENCES- DIRECT SPEECH

1. He says, “Hari is not well.”

2. He will say, “Ram writes a letter.”
3. Mohan said to me, “Sohan tells a lie.”
4. She said to me , “Sita is writing a letter.”
5. The boy said , “Mahi has done his work.”
6. They said, “The boys have been living in the house for five months.” 7.
Rita said, “Sheela wrote a letter.”
8. I said, “She did not go home.”
9. He said, “It was raining.”
10. He said, “Ram had gone there.”
11. He said , “ Kiran can do that work.”
12. The teacher said, “The boys may go home.”
13. She said, “Ritu must see the picture.”
14. I said, “ I Shall go to Agra.”
15. They said, “The clerk will not attend office.”
16. I said, “I am not a thief.”
17. We said, “We have done our work.”
18. He says, “You read my book.”
19. She said, “He shall see my letter.”
20. They said, “We shall help our friends.

ANSWER KEY-1
INDIRECT SPEECH
1- He says that Hari is not well.
2- He will say that Ram writes a letter.
3- Mohan told me that Sohan told a lie.
4- She told me that Sita was writing a letter.
5- The boy said that Mahi had done his work.
6- They said that the boy had been living in the house for five months.

29
 7- Rita said that Sheela had written a letter.
8- I said that she had not gone home.
9- He said that it had been raining.
10- He said that Ram had gone there.
11- He said that Kiran could do that work.
12- The teacher said that the boys might go home.
13- She said that Ritu had to / must see the
picture. 14- I said that I would go to Agra.
15- They said that the clerk would not attend the
office. 16- I said that I was not a thief.
17- We said that we had done our work.
18- He says that you read his book.
19- She said that he would see her letter.
20- They said that they would help their friends

Imperative Sentences

(a) Please / kindly imperative sentences

DIRECT: Raj said to the teacher, “Please mark me present.”
INDIRECT: Raj requested the teacher to mark him present.
DIRECT: The old woman said to the boy, “Kindly help me.”
INDIRECT: The old woman requested the boy to help her.
EXERCISE 2.CHANGE INTO INDIRECT SPEECH

Imperative Command, Request, Advice

1. Ram said to me, “Let’s sing together. “
2. The tiger cried, “ Let the cage be opened.”
3. She said, “Would you like to have tea.”
4. He said, “What about going home.”
5. He said, “Thank you.”
6. He said, “Happy Holi.”
7. He said, “Liar.”

ANSWER KEY -2 INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Ram suggested to me that they should sing together. 2.

The tiger requested that the cage should be opened. 3.
She invited me to have tea.
4. He suggested going home.
5. He thanked me.
6. He wished me a Happy Holi.
7. He called me a liar.
EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES

, sls okD;ksa d s vUr esa foLe;cks/kd gksrk g SA ,sls okD; izk;% What, How, Hurrah !, Alas !, O !, Oh

30
vkfn 'kCnksa ls vkjaHk gksrs gSA Exclamatory dgykrs g SA

Exclamatory with Surprise ¼;fn okD; How, What ls “kq: gks½

Exclamatory with Sorrow ¼;fn okD; Alas, O, Oh ls a ”kq# agks rks½
Exclamatory with Joy ¼;fn okD; Hurrah ls “kqq: gks½
Direct: The captain said, “Hurrah! We have won match”
Indirect: The captaind exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
Direct: She said, “Alas! My dog is dead”
Indirect: She exclaimed with sorrow that her dog was dead.
Direct: The boy said, “ How beautiful scenery is this!”
Indirect: The boy exclaimed with surprise that it was very beautiful scenery.

EXERCISE3. CHANGE THE SENTENCE INTO INDIRECT SPEECH

1. He said to her, “Good bye, my sister!”
2. She said “May god bless Hari with a son!”
3. The boys said, “Hurrah! We shall have a Jolly holiday tomorrow.”
4. He said, “How well she sings! “
5. Sita said, “Alas! my house is on fire.”

ANSWER KEY -3 INDIRECT SPEECH

1. He bade good bye to his sister.

2. She prayed that god might bless Hari with a son.
3. The boys exclaimed with delight that they would have a jolly holiday the next day.
4. He exclaimed with joy that she sang very well.
5. Sita exclaimed with sorrow that her house was on fire

Interrogative sentences

Rule 1. ;fn reported speech helping verb/Auxliary verb okys interrogative gks rks
reporting verb dk s ask esa cny nsrs g S rFkk tksM+us ds fy, if or whether (conjucton) dk
iz;ksx djsaxsa
Rule 2.Wh – group okys interrogative Sentences : Reporting verb or reported speech d s
tksM+us esa wh-group okys 'kCn gh dke vk;sxkA
Direct:- He said, “Do you sing a song?”
Indirect :- He asked if I sang a song.
Direct:- He said, “Why are you runnig after him?”
Indirect :- He asked me why I was running after him.

EXERCISE 4. CHANGE INTO INDIRECT SPEECH

Questions or Interrogatives

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 1. He said to me, “Are you reading a book?”
2. She said to me, “Do you know Sohan?”
3. He said to me, “Did you lend me your book ?”
4. I said to her “Who are you”?
5. He said me “Where do you live?
6. He said to me “Why did you come to me?”
INDIRECT ANSWER KEY 4.

1. He asked me if I was reading a book.

2. She asked me if I know Sohan.
3. He asked me if I had lent him my book.
4. I asked her who she was.
5. He asked me where I lived.
6. He asked me why I had come to him.

CHANGE INTO INDIRECT SPEECH 5

OPTATIVE SENTENCE
Rule 1 izkFkZuk, ]a vkf”kokZn dkeuk vkfn ds okD; Optative okD; dgykrs gSaA ,sls okD;ks ds Hkko ds
vuqlkj Said to ds LFkku ij Wished, Prayed, Cursed vkfn dk iz;ksx djsaxsA
Rule 2 Reporting verb ds object dks gVk nsaxs ‘That’ Conjunction dk iz;ksx djsa

1. He said to me, “May God bless you!”

. He prayed that God bless me.
2 .I said to her, “May you live long!”
I wished that she might live long.
Conjunctions
1. Combining Sentences with ‘and’
Type 1-य द दोनो वा य म Subject असमान ह
Rule -1.Subject के तुरंत बाद and लगा दो । 2. अब दूसरा subject लगाओ अथात दोन subject के
बीच म and आयेगा । 3 Helping Verb अथवा मु य verb plural आयेगा । 4. object य द singular
ह तो plural object आयेगा ।
Eg.1 Kran is a student. Som is a student.
Kran and Som are students.
Eg.2 You are my brother. Pavan is my brother You and Pavan are my brothers.
Type 2 .य द दोनो वा य म subject समान ह
Rule 1. थम वा य के अंत म fullstop[.] को हटा दो और and लगा दो । 2. दोनो subject समान है
इसिलए दूसरे वा य का subject हटा दो। 3. शेष वा य उतार दो।
Eg.1 Babita took her bag. She went to school. Babita took her bag and went to school.
2. Combining Sentences with 'as well as'
Rule -1 थम वा य का Subject उतारो। 2 as well as लगाओ । 3 ि तीय वा य का Subject
उतारो। 4 थम वा य के Subject के बाद वाले भाग को पूरा उतार दो ।
Eg.1. Ram plays games. Shyam plays games. Ram as well as Shyam plays games.
3. Combining Sentences with -'Not only.................but also'
Type 1. य द दोनो वा य म Subject समान ह

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Rule -1- पहला वा य जहां तक समान हो उसके तुरंत बाद not only लगाकर वा य पूरा कर दो। 2-
दूसरे वा य म जहां तक समान हो वह भाग छोड दो। 3. उसके बाद but also लगा कर शेष वा यांश
उतार दो ।
Eg.1 She will cook food. She will cook rice.
She will cook not only food but also rice.
Eg.2 She is tall. She is beautiful.
She is not only tall but also beautiful.
Type 2.य द दोनो वा य म Subject असमान ह
Rule -1 Not only से वा य आर भ करो और इसके साथ के वल subject को ही उतारो, शेष पहला वा य
छोड़ दो 12 दूसरे वा य को but also से आर भ करके पूरा वा य उतार दो । 3. इन वा य मे verb बाद
वाले subject के अनुसार आयेगी ।
Eg.1 Ram went to school. Mohan went to school.
Not only Ram but also Mohan went to school.
Eg.2 The boys are making a noise. The monitor is making a noise.
Not only the boys but also the monitor is making a noise.
4. Combining Sentences with 'both...... and’
Type 1. य द दोनो वा य म subject समान ह
Rule 1- सबसे पहले देखो क दोनो वा य कहां तक समान ह। 2- पहला वा य जहां तक समान है, उसके
तुर त बाद both लगा दो और शेष वा यांश उतार दो। 3- अब दूसरा वा य जहां तक कॉमन है, वहां तक
का वा यांश छोड़ द। 4- अब इसके बाद and लगा दो और शेष वा यांश उतार दो।
Eg.1 I am a tailor. I am a teacher.
I am both a tailor and a teacher. Eg.2 She is beautiful. She is wise. She is both beautiful and
wise.
Type 2 .य द दोनो वा य म Subject असमान ह
Rule 1- Both से वा य ार भ करो। 2- इसके बाद थम वा य का के वल subject उतारो शेष वा यांश
छोड़ दो। 3- and लगाओ 4- दूसरा वा य पूरा उतारो ले कन verb plural कर दो। 5- अंत का noun भी
plural कर दो।
Eg.1 Tina sang well. Fatima sang well.
Both Tina and Fatima sang well. Eg.2 Monika has a dog. Kamla has a dog. Both Monika
and Kamla have dogs.
5. Combining Sentences with 'either......or' Type 1 य द दोनो वा य म subject समान ह
Rule 1- सबसे पहले देखो क दोनो वा य कहां तक समान ह। 2- पहला वा य जहां तक समान है, उसके
तुर त बाद either लगा दो और थम शेष वा यांश उतार दो। 3- अब दूसरा वा य जहां तक कॉमन है,
वहां तक का वा यांश छोड़ द। 4- अब इसके बाद or लगा दो। और दूसरा शेष वा यांश उतार दो ।
Eg.1 She is reading a story. She is reading a novel
She is reading either a story or a novel. Eg.2 Sita plays football. She plays cricket. Sita plays
either football or cricket.
Type 2 य द दोनो वा य म subject असमान ह ।
Rule 1- Either से वा य ार भ करो। 2- इसके बाद थम वा य का के वल subject उतारो शेष वा यांश
छोड़ दो। 3- or लगाओ 4- दूसरा वा य पूरा उतारो ले कन verb बाद वाले subject के अनुसार लगा दो।
Eg.1 Ramesh learns this poem. Mohan learns this poem.

33
Either Ramesh or Mohan learns this poem.
Eg.2 My father has gone to Kota. His friend has gone to Kota.
Either my father or his friend has gone to Kota.
6. Combining Sentences with 'neither......nor’ Type 1 य द दोनो वा य म subject समान
ह
Rule 1- पहला वा य जहां तक समान है, उसके तुर त बाद not के थान पर neither लगा कर शेष
वा यांश उतार दो। 2 अब दूसरा वा य जहां तक कॉमन है, वहां तक का वा यांश छोड़ द उसके तुर त
बाद nor लगा कर शेष वा यांश उतार दो। 3 िजन वा य म do not, does not or did not आया हो उ ह
हटाकर कया को उस tense के अनुसार बदल दो ।
Eg.1. She is not reading a story. She is not reading a novel.
She is reading neither a story nor a novel.
Eg. 2. Ram does not play football. He does not play cricket Ram plays neither football nor
cricket.
Type 2 य द दोनो वा य म subject असमान ह ।
Rule 1 Neither से वा य चालू होगा और पहले वा य का के वल subject ही लो, शेष वा य छोड दो।
दूसरे वा य के आर भ म nor रख कर शेष वा यांश उतार दो। अ दर से not हटेगा । 3. Verb बाद वाले
subject के अनुसार लगाओ।
Eg. 1. Ram does not play games. Mohan does not play games.
Neither Ram nor Mohan plays games.
7. Combining Sentences with 'so...that'
Type 1 too-to को हटाना उसके थान पर so... that लगाना
Rule 1- 100 को हटा दो और उसके थान पर 80 लगा दो। 2- 100 के तुरंत बाद वाले श द को उतार दो।
3- इसके बाद to को हटा दो और उसके थान पर that लगा दो। 4- इसके बाद Subject के Pronoun क I
Form [ I, we,you, they she,he ] आव यकतानुसार अव य ही आयेगी । 5- इसके बाद Tense के
अनुसार cannot या could not लगा दो। शेष वा यांश उतार दो ।
Eg.1. Ram is too old to run fast.
Ram is so old that he cannot run fast.
Eg. 2. The news is too good to be true.
The news is so good that it cannot be true.
Type 2 अगर वा य म too...to हो और इसके बीच म for हो
Rule 1- too को हटा दो और उसके थान पर so लगा दो। 2- for के थान पर that लगा दो। 3-for के
बाद pronoun का objective case दया गया है। उसे pronoun के subjective case म change कर द। 4-
to को हटा दो और आव यकता अनुसार cannot अथवा could not लगा दो। 5- य द वा य के अंत म it
अथवा them हो तो उसे हटा दो।
Eg. 1. The question was too difficult for him to solve.
The question was so difficult that he could not solve.
8.Combining Sentences with too---to'
Type 1 जब दोन वा य के subject समान हो।
Rule 1- थम वा य म very को हटा कर too लगा दो, और पूरा वा य उतार दो। 2- दूसरे वा य म से
cannot अथवा could not तक का वा यांश हटा दो। 3- शेष वा य to लगाकर उतार दो ।
Eg. 1. He is very old. He cannot learn English.

34
He is too old to learn English.
Type 2 जब दोन वा य के subject अलग अलग हो
Rule 1- थम वा य म very को हटा कर वह too लगा दो और पूरा वा य उतार दो। 2- दूसरे वा य का
subject य द कोई noun है तो for लगाकर उतार दो। य द subject- pronoun का subjective case है,
तो for + pronoun का objective case लगा दो। 3- cannot, could not को हटा दो और to लगाकर शेष
वा य उतार दो ।
Eg. 1. It is very dark. We cannot see anything.
It is too dark for us to see anything.
9. Combining Sentences with Though / Although'
Rule 1- वा य के आर भ म Though / Although और पूरा वा य उतार दो। 2- वा य क समाि पर
full stop (.) को हटा दो, और comma (, ) लगा दो। 3- शेष दूसरा वा य उतार दो।
Eg. 1. He is poor. He is honest.
Though he is poor, he is honest.
10. Combining Sentences with --- ‘While’
Rule 1- थम वा य के अंत म while लगा कर दूसरा वा य उतार दो ।

Eg. 1. I was reading. He was playing.

I was reading while he was playing.
Eg. 2. He went out. His wife was cooking food.
He went out while his wife was cooking food.
11. Combining Sentences with 'Yet'
Rule 1- थम वा य को पूरा उतार दो। full stop (.) को हटा दो, और comma (, ) लगा दो। तथा फर
yet लगा दो। दूसरे वा य को पूरा उतार दो ।
Eg. 1. He is poor. He entertains his guests well.
He is poor, yet he entertains his guests well. Eg. 2. Vinod was late. The teacher did not
punish him. Vinod was late, yet the teacher did not punish him.

EXERCISE

1. Prachi is intelligent.She is beautiful.[not only ……but also]

2. She prepared tea.Her mother prepared tea.[not only ……but also]
3. Anoop is not a doctor.Anoop is not a teacher.[neither ……nor]
4. Rajesh works in a bank.Umesh works in bank.[either ……or]
5. You should work hard.You should leave the job.[either ……or]
6. He is clever.He is greedy. [both ……and]
7. I am taking tea.You are taking tea. [both ……and]
8. The patient is too serious to live. [so ……that]
9. The tea is too hot to be drunk. [so ……that]
10. English is very difficult.I cannot read it.[too…….to]
11. The stone is very heavy.Sita cannot lift it.{too……..to]
12. Krishna is very fat.She can run very fast.[though…………although]
13. Laxmikant killed a dog. He was driving his car.[while]
14. Hari is cruel to his wife.He is curel to his friends.[as well as]

35
15. I got a prize.I got a job. .[as well as]
16. The problem was complicatd.I solved it.[yet]
17. He is loved.He is respected.[both……..and]
18. He is very small.He cannot touch the ceiling.[too…to]
19. Rahul is very weak.He cannot pass this year.[so………that]
20. Mohan is very intelligent.Mohan is a good player.[not only …….but also]

ANSWER
1. Prachi is not only intelligent but also beautiful.
2. Not only she but also her mother prepared tea.
3. Anoop is neither a doctor nor a teacher.
4. Either Rajesh or Umesh works in a bank
5. You should either work hard or leave the job.
6. He is both clever and greedy.
7. Both you and I are taking tea.
8. The patient is so serious that he cannot live.
9. The tea is so hot that it cannot be drunk.
10. English is too difficult for me to read.
11. The stone is too heavy for Sita to lift.
12. Though/ although Krishna is very fat,she can run very fast.
13. Laxmikant killed a dog while he was driving his car.
14. Hari is cruel to his wife as well as friends.
15. I got a prize as well as a job.
16. The problem was complicatd, yet I solved it.
17. He is both loved and respected.
18. He is too small to touch the ceiling.
19. Rahul is so weak that pass this year.
20. Mohan is not only very intelligent but also a good player

Relative Pronouns
(Who, Which, Whose, Whom, Where, When, What That)
> 'Who' का use ि य के िलए होता है।
यद र थान के पूव कोई noun या pronoun आव तथा र थान के बाद helping verb
(am/is/are/was/were/has/have.) या main verb आव तो relative pronoun 'who'का योग करते है।
(i) The woman…... ..came in this hospital is a patient. (who)
(ii) I saw a boy............was trying to get into my office. (who)
> 'Which' का use जानवर तथा व तु के िलए होता है।
यद र थान के पूव कोई व तु अथवा जानवर का नाम हो तथा र थान के बाद ायः helping
verb/verb हो तो which का योग होता है।
य द कसी preposition के बाद र थान आव तो ायः which आता है।
(1) Seema was given a prize............was very fine. (which)
(2) Geeta has a cow...............gives five litres milk. (which)
(3) This is the house in......... .we live, is very costly. (which)
> 'Whose' का use ि य के िलए होता है।

36
यद र थान के पूव कोई pronoun (he, she, they, I, we, you) अथवा my brother, your, sister,
his friend या proper noun ( ि वाचक सं ा) teacher, doctor, boy,girl,student, man हो। र
थान के बाद कोई noun आव तो र थान म whose आयेगा ।
व तु जानवर के िलए भी whose का उपयोग होता है य द र थान पूव नगर, नदी, पवत, समु ,
जानवर के नाम हो तथा र थान के noun हो तो whose का उपयोग होता है। य द र थान पूव
नगर, नदी, समु , पवत, जानवर के नाम हो तथा र थान म noun हो तो whose का उपयोग होता
है।
(i) This is the man.........scooter was stolen yesterday. (whose)
(ii) This is the story of the students...........teacher is a scientist. (whose)
(iii) He sold his horse............tail was very short. (whose)
(iv) We went to Bikaner..........people are very good. (where)
>'Whom' का verb तथा preposition के object के प म उपयोग होता है।
यद र थान के पूव कोई ि या pronoun दया हो तथा र थान के बाद noun और pronoun
आवे तथा उसके बाद verb/ Helping verb आवे तो र थान म whom आयेगा।
(i) Kalu........I helped in the examination is a weak student.(whom)
(ii) The boy.........Sheela taught, got first division.(whom)
(iii) Pinky...........he trusted very much,turned out to be enemy spy.(whom)
'Where' का उपयोग थानसूचक श द के प म होता है। र थान के पहले कोई थानसूचक श द (जैसे
garden,school,hospital, house, village, city...) हो तो र थान म where आयेगा ।
(i) This is the village............I was born.(where)
(ii) I know the school.............Hari reads. (Where)
'When का उपयोग समयसूचक श द के प म होता है। य द र थान के पूव समय सूचक श द आवे
तो उसके तुर त बाद when का योग होता है। समय सूचक ष द िन है clock time,day's name,
name of
months,years (2020,2021,2001) morning, evening, today, yesterday etc.
(i) It was Monday............she was married. (when)
(ii) It was night........... ..my mother cooked food. (when)
(iii) I shall go to jaipur in March...........I get money.(when)
> ‘What' का उपयोग अ ात व तु , बात अथवा घटना के िलए होता है, इसका योग subject और
object
दोन के िलए होता है। िन ि थितय म इसका उपयोग होता है।
(a) वा य के ार भ म र थान होने पर
(b) Verb के बाद र थान होनेपर
(c) Verb+object के बाद र थान होने पर
(i) ......you say is not right. (What)
(ii) I do not believe..........you says. (What)
(iii) Tell me............your answer will be (what)
> 'That' का उपयोग ि य , व तु , जानवर सभी के िलए होता है।
य द Interrogative pronoun से वा य चालू हो who, which, what तो that का योग करते है।
Superlative degree + noun के बाद that का उपयोग करते है ।

37
Only, some,all,nothing,little….vkfn “kCnks ds ckn that dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA fjä LFkku ds iwoZ esa
O;fä@oLrq@tkuoj gks rks That dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

EXERCISE
Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns:-
1. I saw the man……..made this table.
2. This is the house………he bought yesterday.
3. This is the school………I read.
4. I called the boy……….came yesterday to see the principal.
5. It was Monday………..She died.
6. She was twenty years old………..she was married.
7. I bought a car…………is very old.
8. The man………I met yesterday lend me money.
9. We went to Sunita’s party………..we enjoyed very much.
10. I gave her all the money…………I had.
11. Abid is the man………..son has won the match.
12. A dictionary is a book…………gives you the meaning of words.
13. The horse……….. she bought is very fine.
14. There is nothing……….I can do for you.
15. The house is very fine………..I am staying.
16. Babita works in a factory…………makes washing machines.
17. He cannot say……….he said.
18. It was raining………..he came to my house.
19. That is the school……….he teaches English.
20. The fish………..you caught yesterday, was very big.

ANSWER

1. Who 2.Which 3. Where 4. Who 5. When 6. When 7.That 8.Who 9.Where 10. Whose 11.
Whose 12.Which 13.That 14.that 15.Where 16. That 17. What 18. When 19. Where 20. That

FRAMING QUESTIONS

दो कार के होते ह।
(1) Helping verbs से शु होने वाले । (2) Wh- से शु होने वाले ।
1.Helping verbs से शु होने वाले -
(is, are, am, was, were, did, do does, has, have, had, will, shall, would, should, may might,
can, could, must, ought to, dare to, used to, need to)
RULES-
> जब उ र yes अथवा no के प म दया आ हो तो helping verb से बनाना चािहए। बनाते
समय yes या no को छोड दया जाता है। No से दये गये उ र म वा य म बीच म not भी आता है

38
बनाते समय No तथा Not दोन को हटा देते है। िजन उ र म helping verb दया आ हो, उनका
उसी helping verb dks subject ds igys j[kdj cuk;k tkrk gSA (Helping verb + subject + verb)
Example
1. Yes, she is coming with Radha.
Q. Is she coming with Radha?
2. No, Anil had not repaired the table. Q. Had Anil repaired the table?
3. Yes, she has played well.
Q. Has she played well?
िजन उ र म कोई helping verb नह दी गई होती है उनम दी गई main verb म से िन िलिखत
कार helping verb िनकलेगी ।। इस helping verb को subject के पहले रखगे व प रव तत main
verb अपने थान पर ही रहेगी। Verb क । form से do + verb क I form, verb क I form + s/es
से does + verb क I form verb II Form
Example
1. Yes, he writes stories.
Q. Does he write stories?
did + verb I form
2. No, he doesn't write letters. Q. Does he write letters?
3. Yes, she goes to temple daily. Q. Does she go to temple daily? 4. Yes they work
hard.
Q. Do they work hard?
5. Yes Rani Completed her homework. Q. Did Rani complete her home work? 6.
No, Radha didn't sleep well.
Q. Did Radha sleep well?
7. Yes, they have seen the Taj Mahal. Q. Have they seen the Taj Mahal?
8. No, I don't sleep alone.
Q. Do you sleep along?
9. No, she doesn't do her work at night Q. Does she do her work at night?
10. Yes, she does her work.
Q. Does she do her work?
11. Yes, they do the job sincerely.
Q. Do they do the job sincerely?
12. Yes, I did my work before sunrise.
Q. Did you do your work before sunrise.
कु छ दये गये कथन के Subject -1, we तथा you म से हो सकते ह। इ ह बनाते समय बदल दया
जाता है। इसी कार से my, me या my self हो तो इ ह your, you या yourself म बदलते ह, तथा our
us, या ourselves हो तो इ ह your, you या your selves म बदलते है।
Example
1. Yes I have seen the museum.
Q. Have you seen the museum ? ( I को you म बदला गया है ।)
2. Yes, we have done our work.
Q. Have you done your work ? (we को you म, our को your म बदला गया है।

39
3. Yes, you have broken the glasses.
Q. Have I broken the glasss? (You को I म बदला गया है ।)
4. Yes, you should do your work your selves.
Q. Should we do our work our selves?
5. Yes, I am doing my work.
Q. Are you doing your work?
> ‘Have’ verb जब helping verb के प म यु होता है तो interrogative बनाते समय इसी को
helping verb के प म योग होता है।
1. I have put the things.
Q. Have you put the things? 2. She has got her pen.
Q. Has she got her pen?
 क तु जब "have" का योग कसी वा य म main verb के प म होता है तो ऐसे वा य का
Interrogative sentence वा य के tense के अनुसार बनाया जाता है।
1. Yes, I have breakfast at 8 a.m.
Q. Do you have breakfast at 8 a.m.? (have = do + have)
2. Yes, she has dinner in the evening.
Q. Does she have dinner in the evening? (has = does+ have)
3. Yes, they had comfortable days.
Q. Did they have comfortable days? (had = did + have)
EXERCISE
Frame question to get the following answes :-
Q.1………………………………?
Ans. Yes, I have visited Jaipur.
Q.2……………………………….?
Ans. Yes, I am going to celebrate my birthday.
Q.3…………………………………?
Ans. Yes, I will join you after lunch.
Q.4……………………………………?
.Ans No, she does not know how to cook food.
Q.5…………………………………….?
Ans Yes, my father purchased ten shops last year.
ANSWER
1. Have you visited Jaipur?
2. Are you going to celebrate your brithday? 3. Will you join me after lunch?
4. Does she know how to cook food?
5. Did your father purchase ten shops last year?
2. WH से शु होने वाले
Who
Examples-
1 Ramesh and Vimla will go to school today.

40
Q- Who will go to school today?
2 I was looking at this book.
Q- Who was looking at this book?
3. Sita killed a snake.
Q- Who killed a snake?
Whose
Examples-
1 Ans- She purchased your car yesterday.
Q-Whose car did she purchas yesterday?
2 Ans. I know her sister.
Q-Whose sister do you know?
Whom
Examples-
1 Ans- I saw Sita in the garden. Q-Whom did you see in the garden? 2 Ans-I like him.
Q-Whom do you like?
What
Examples
1 Ans- He wrote a letter to his sister.
Q-What did he write to his sister?
2 Ans- Mr. Gupta teaches us English.
Q-What does Mr. Gupta teach you?
3 Ans-I am playing.
Q-What are you doing?
>Where
Examples-
1 Ans- I sleep on the roof.
Q-Where do you sleep?
2 Ans-She went to Agra.
Q- Where did she go?
3 Ans-You can find it in the box.
Q-Where can I find it?
When
Examples-
1.Sita sleeps at eleven O'clock.
Q-When does Sita sleep?
2.You take tea in the morning.
3.Q-When do I take tea?
Why
Examples-
1. We work hard to pass.

41
Q-Why do you work hard?
2 I sold my old house to pay off my debt.
Q-hy did you sell your old house?
Which
For subject
Examples-
1. Suman is more beautiful of the two girls.
Q-Which of the two girls is more beautiful?
For object Examples
1. I like mango most.
Q-Which fruit do you like most?
How
Examples-
1. He was crying loudly.
Q-How was he crying?
2. He goes to school on foot.
Q- How does he go to school?
➤ How Many
Examples-
1.I sold ten scooters yesterday.
Q-How many scooters did you sell yesterday?
2. She has five books.
Q-How many books does she has?
How Much
Examples-
1. He drank two liter milk in the morning.
Q-How much milk did he drink in the morning?
2. I collected five hundred rupees today.
Q- How many rupees did you collect today?
How Long
Examples-
1. He was on the surface for a moment.
Q-How long was he on the surface?
2. This room is twenty feet long.
Q-How long is this room?

TAG QUESTIONS
Tag Question म िवशेषता यह होती है ये ' वत ' (Independent questions) नह होते है,
वरन् ये 'कथन' (statement) के अंत म ही योग कये जाते है।

42
Tag Question ges”kk Short Form esa yxrh gSA

RULES -
 जब कथन ( Statement) समा हो जाता है तो उसके बाद comma लगाना आव यक होता है। 2.
इसके तुर त बाद आव यकतानुसार कोई helping verb आना आव यक है। 3. य द statement म
कोई helping verb हो तो question tag म उसी helping verb का योग होगा। य द
Statement म कोई H. V नह दया हो तो अपनी ओर से आव यकतानुसार do, does या did का
योग करे Positive statement हो तो helping verb + not लगाते है 4. इसके बाद वा य म
subject का pronoun आयेगा 5. अंत म वाचक िच ह लगाना आव यक है। 6. य द statement
नकारा मक हो तो question tag सकारा मक बनेगा ।
Example: -
1. She is too young, isn't she?
2. Sita went to Jaipur, didn't she?
3. That girl is not very intelligent, is she?
4. He can play football, can't he?
5. He cannot play football, can he? 6. She is a clever girl, isn't she?
7. You are a lazy boy, aren't you?
8. I am writing a story, aren't I? (I aren't I з)
10. He plays football, doesn't he?
11. She kicked a dog, didn't she? 12. Ram is a good boy, isn't he?
13. My sister can do it, can't she?
> य द वा य के आर भ म (अथात् कथन का Subject िन िलिखत श द हो everyone, everybody,
someone, somebody तो इसके िलए tag question म 'they' pronoun योग होगा ।
Example:-
1. Everyone likes money, don't they?
2. Everybody was laughing, weren't they?
3. Someone has broken this mirror, haven't they?
➤ ;fn okD; esa fuEufyf[kr “kCn nothing, never none, nobody few, little, hardly, seldom, rarely,
scarcely तो इनका tag question positive बनेगा ।
Examples:
1. She never comes here, does she?
2. This book is no use to Raju, is it?
3. He has nothing to say, has he?
4. I hardly reached the station, did I?
> ‘a few’ तथा ‘a little' - Negative श द नह ह, अतः Tag Question Negative बनेगा, क तु ‘few’
तथा 'little' negative |
Example:-
1. He has a little money, hasn't he?
2. A few students failed, didn't they?
> Imperative वा य य द positive हो तो question tag चाहे positive म बना हो अथवा चाहे negative
म बना हो दोन ही correct ह

43
1. Open the window, will you? Or Open the window won't you?
2. Please help me, will you? Or please help me, won't you?
क तु Imperative ( ाथना अथवा आदेश का) वा य य द negative. म हो question tag हमेशा positive
म 'will you'
1. Don't make a noise, will you?
2. Please don't tease her, will you?
य द वा य let's (let us) से ार भ हो तो question tag 'shall we' बनेगा। 1. Let's play football,
Shall we?
2. Let's fly kites, shall we?
3. Let's cook our food today, shall we?
य द let से वा य आर भ हो तो question tag ायः 'Will you से बनता है।
1. Let the student go now, will you?
2. Let her cook food for us, will you?
य द वा य म 'used to' का योग हो तो question tag म usedn't अथवा didn't कसी का भी योग कर
सकते
है दोन ही correct है क तु आजकल didn't का योग अिधक कया जाता है,
1. She used to get up early in the morning, usedn't she?
Or she used to get up early in the morning, didn't she?
2. Raju used to go for a morning walk, used n't he? Or Raju used to go for a morning walk,
didn't he?
EXERCISE
Frame the questions to get the following answer:-
Q.1 When………………………………?
Ans We shall go there after 4 p.m
Q.2 Who…………………………………..?
Ans Anshuman is sitting behind me.
Q.3 Why…………………………………..?
Ans The horse was angry because the camel didn't do anything.
Q.4 Where…………………………………..?
Ans Wanda sat in the corner of the room.
Q.5 What…………………………………..?
Ans They wanted to tell her that they were sorry.
Q.6 Whose………………………………….?
Ans That's my car.
Q.7 How………………………………….?
Ans The storm clouds were huge.
Q.8 How many…………………………..?
Ans There are forty students in my class.
Q.9 How far……………………………..?
Ans Delhi is 200 km for from our town.

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Q.10 How much,…………………………..?
Ans I want one litre milk.
ANSWER
1. When will you go there?
2. Who is sitting behind you?
3. Why was the horse angry?
4. Where did Wanda sit?
5. What did they want?
6. Whose car is that?
7. How were the storn clouds?
8. How many students are there in your class?
9. How far is Delhi from your town?
10. How much milk do you want?
EXERCISE
Add Question tags to the statements given below -
1. The doctor was a kind man,……………?
2. A camero is a good gift to all,…………….?
3. I am not a liar,………….?
4. Please keep quiet,,…………….?
5. He often writes to his parents,.
6. Open the door,………………….?
7. He and his sons always help others,…………………..?
8. The students of our class have made a fine model,…………………?
9. I did not like all this,…………………?
10. Mohan will go to school,……………?
ANSWER
1. Wasn't he? 2. Isn't it? 3. Am I? 4. Will you? 5. Does n't he? 6. Will you? 7. Don't they? 8.
Haven't they? 9. Did I ? 10. Won't he?

First Flight [Poetry]

1. Dust of snow
The way a crow
Shook down on me
The dust of snow
From a hemlock tree

 Reference :- These lines have been taken from the poem “Fire and Ice” from our book
First Flight. Composed by Rbert Frost

 Context:- In these lines the poet tells a very simple but very important incident that
took place with him.
 Explanation:- In this stanza the poet explains that he was sitting under a hemlock tree where he
was thinking something then a crow sat on a poisonus tree named hemlock and showered some

45
 snow particls which wakes him up. Both the crow and hemlock tree are symbol of sadness of the
poet. And falling of snow which gives him natural joy.

 Critical Note:- Language of the poem is simple but it has deep meaning. Falling of
snow gives him some joy to do work which he was wasting. The poet has used crow
and hemlock tree for symbol which shows that the poet is in sad mood.

Has given my heart

A change of mood
And save some part
Of a day I had rued
 Reference :- These lines have been taken from the poem “Dust of snow” from our book
First Flight. Composed by Rbert Frost

 Context:- The poet says that the small incident of falling of snow particles changes
his mood and it saves his time. The poet tells that how a simple incident proves to
be very important.
 Explanation:- In this stanza the poet explains that as soon as the snow particle fall upon him
that changes his mood before it he was wasting his energy and time. He was sitting idle. But
falling of snow changes his mood and motivates him to work. Thus the day which he had lost
doing nothing now some part of it was saved so he is happy now.

 Critical Note:- This is a symbolic poem. Language of the poem is simple but it has
deep meaning. Falling of snow gives him some joy to do work which he was
wasting. The poet has used crow and hemlock tree symbolically which shows that
the poet is in sad mood.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Q. 1. How did the crow change the poet’s mood?
Ans. The poet was going somewhere in a snowy morning. He was upset. All the trees were
covered with snow dust. A crow sitting on a hemlock tree shook the tree in such a way that
some dust of snow fell on the poet. This changed his mood and he became happy and relaxed.
Q. 2 How does the poet react to crow and hemlock tree?
Ans. Crow and hemlock tree are considered inauspicious in the west. They are generally
taken bad omen. But the poet did not take them in negative way. They saved his day. His
negative outlook changed to the positive one.
Q.3 How has the poet observed nature in the poem, ‘Dust of Snow’?
Ans. The poet has observed nature as a positive medium of change for him. The poet had
been in the sorrowful and depressive mood in the poem. But then the way a crow shook snow
dust off, it changed his mood. Nature gave him the inspiration to behave in a positive manner.
Q.4 What side of nature do ‘crow’ and ‘hemlock’ represent?
Answer: ‘Crow’ is a black, harsh-voiced bird and ‘hemlock’ is a tree with poisonous bitter
fruit. Both are not beautiful. They represent the dark, depressive, sorrowful and bitter side of
nature.

Poem 2 Fire and Ice

Some say world will end in fire
Some say the world will end in ice
From what I have tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire

Reference :- These lines have been taken from the poem “Fire and Ice” from our book First
Flight. Composed by Robert Frost
Context: In these lines the poet says that the world will end in fire or ice. And he expreses his

46
own desire the world to be destroyed. The theme of the poem is the destructiveness of love and
hate.
Explaination:- In the first two lines of this poem ‘Some say the…. in ice’, the poet says that
some people say that the world will end in fire, while some others say that it will end in ice. So,
here he considers the age-old question of whether the world will end in fire or in ice. This is like
another age-old question: whether it would be preferable to freeze to death or burn to death. In
the next two lines that is, ‘From what I have…… who favor fire’ he says that, from what he has
known of desire, he agrees with those who hold the opinion that the world is to be consumed by
Fire, that is the fire of desire.

Critical Note:- Fire and ice in the poem do not refer to actual fire and ice. The poet has used
figure of speech like Alliteration : “fire,favour” and “world will”. The poet has personified Fire and
Ice which are capable of distruction.

But it had to perish twice,

I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
Reference :- These lines have been taken from the poem “Fire and Ice” from our book First
Flight. Composed by Robert Frost
Context: In these lines the poet says that the world will end in fire or ice. He presents his
views in these lines.
Explaination:- In the lines poet has used satire because the world cannot end twice for if it is
gone, it is gone here ice is compared to hatred. He says that he has left enough hatred in his
life. He tells us that this form of distruction is also a great way to cause end to the world. He
tells us that no matter which course we take, the last result will be same. He says that once the
world ends with fire (desire) it will be destroyed by hate too the next time.
Critical Note:- Fire and ice in the poem do not refer to actual fire and ice. The poet has used
figure of speech like Alliteration : “fire,favour” and “world will”. The poet has personified Fire and
Ice which are capable of distruction.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Q.1.What is two different views about the end of the world in the poem ‘Fire and Ice’? Ans.
The two different views of people regarding the end of the world are—Fire and Ice Fire
stands for desire and ice stands for hatred.

Q.2 What does the poet think about the end of the world?
Ans. The poet thinks about the end of the world that people think fire is the main cause of
destruction. But by the end of the poem he says that both Fire and Ice are equally destructive.
Both have the same power of causing destruction

Q.3 What is the central idea of the poem”Fire and Ice”?

Ans. The poem tells us about the unending desires and the endless hatred. These are there in
the heart and mind of the man.Desire is like fire and hate is like ice.
Q.4 What type of life does a man lead according to the poem?
Ans. A man should lead a life where hate and desire has no place.These are the root cause of
evils so a satisfied life is the only solution.

A Tiger in the Zoo

He should be snarling around houses
At the jungle’s edge,
Baring his white fangs, his claws,
Terrorising the village!
Reference - Thease lines have bbeen taken from the poem “A tiger in the Zoo ”. From our book First
Flight. This poem is composed by Leslie Norris.
Context:- In these linnes the poet tells us about the tiger in the jungle. The poet is describing the activites of
the tigr that lives in a jungle.

47
Explanation: The poet then gives another suggestion that the tiger should be sitting at the
jungle’s edge in close vicinity of a village. He should be terrorising the people passing that way
by its sharp teeth, baring its claws and producing low sound of anger.
Critical Note:- The poet in this poem compares a tiger in a zoo and a tiger in a jungle. in this
stanza he uses personification “Terrorising the village.”

He stalks in his vivid stripes

The few steps of his cage,
On pads of velvet quiet,
In his quiet rage.
Reference - Thease lines have bbeen taken from the poem “A tiger in the Zoo ”. From our book First
Flight. This poem is composed by Leslie Norris.
Context:- In this stanza the poet tells us about the tiger in the zoo who walks in its cage and he presents the
mental condition of the tiger in a zoo.
Explanation: The tiger in the zoo walks in the limited space provided to it in the cage. It takes a few
steps. There are stripes on its body which are quite prominent. Its paws are soft like velvet. No noise is
produced when it walks on its pad of velvet. The tiger is silent but in anger.
Critical Note:- The poet in this poem compares a tiger in the zoo and a tiger in the jungle. in
this stanza the poet uses Oxymoron “quiet rage.”

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each

Q.1.How does the tiger feel in the zoo?
Ans. The felling of the tiger in the zoo,he keeps on moving from one comer to another. “He
stalks in his vivid stripes moving the few steps of his cage”. He is not happy. He expresses
his silent anger.
Q.2 What would the tiger do in a forest?
Ans. In the forest, the tiger can enjoy complete freedom. He would walk around freely
without any fear. He would terrorize the villagers by growling. He would show his teeth and
claws.
Q.3 What does the poet want to convey through this poem?
Ans. The poet wants to convey that like human beings, animals also like freedom. They do
not want to be caged; they cannot live a miserable life.
Q.4 What is the tiger thinking while looking at the stars?
Ans. The tiger thinks about his day of freedom.How freely he spent those days.he also
laments over his present condition.
Q.5 What message does the poet want to give in the line “His strength behind the bars”? Ans.
The poet wants to tell that the natural power and freedom, of the tiger is put behind the
bars.He wants to tell us about freedom of tiger.

4. How to tell wild animals

If ever you should go by chance
To jungles in the east;
And if there should to you advance
A large and tawny beast,
If he roars at you as you’re dyin’
You’ll know it is the Asian Lion…

Reference - Thease lines have bbeen taken from the poem “How to tel wild animal”. From our book
First Flight. This poem is composed by Carolyn Wells
Context:- In this stanza the poet tells us a humorous way to identify an Asian lion.
Explanation : The poet here says if by chance you happen to go to any forest in the east, you are likely to
encounter a huge and terrible animal moving towards you. You will notice that a large beast roars loudly
at you and you feel that you are going to die due to fear, then you will come to know that it is the Asian
Lion.

48
 Or if some time when roaming round,
A noble wild beast greets you,
With black stripes on a yellow ground,
Just notice if he eats you.
This simple rule may help you learn
The Bengal Tiger to discern.

Reference - Thease lines have bbeen taken from the poem “How to tel wild animal”. From our book
First Flight. This poem is composed by Carolyn Wells
Context:- In this stanza the poet tells us a humorous way to identify a Bengal Tiger.
Explanation : The poet says that it is very likely that while roaming in the forest, you are greeted by a
wild beast. His majestic body is covered with black stripes on a yellow hide. The poet cautions if you
notice this beast and if he eats you, then this simple rule will teach you that it is a ‘Bengal Tiger’.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

Q.1 How can you identify the Asian lion and the Bengal Tiger?
Ans. The Asian Lion has a large body and a brownish-yellow coat. It roars loudly when it
attacks it’s prey . On the other hand, the Bengal Tiger has black stripes on its yellow coat. It
silently attacks it’s prey .
Q.2 Write the sum and substance of the poem, “How to Tell Wild Animals”. Ans. The poet,
Carolyn Wells, in the poem suggests some of the dangerous ways to identify the wild
animals. The poem is full of humorous examples when the poet tries to distinguish one
animal from the other. Moreover, the poem educates us by describing the various features of
wild animals.
Q.3 How can you distinguish between a tiger and a leopard?
Ans. A tiger has black stripes on its yellow coat. A leopard on the other hand, does not have
any stripes. It has spots peppered on its body. Moreover, a tiger kills only when it is hungry,
while a leopard can kill for the pleasure of killing by pouncing continuously on its prey.
Q.4 How can you distinguish between a hyena and a crocodile?
Ans. A hyena laughs as it swallows its victim, whereas a crocodile weeps as it swallows its
victim.
Q.5 What does the Bengal Tiger look like? What is so distinct about him?
Ans. The Bengal Tiger roams freely in the forest. It is noble and majestic in stature. It wears
black stripes on a yellow hide. When it notices someone it tries to eat him. The Bengal tiger
attacks its prey very silently and grasps it with his terrifying teeth.
Q.6 How does the poet describe the bear?
Ans. The poet describes the bear in a humorous way. He says that as soon as a bear sees a
human being, it hugs him tightly. It clasps its prey tightly with both its hands and squeezes
him to death. If he is still alive, he gives him another tight hug to kill him.
Q.7 What is so weird about the Hyena and the crocodile?
Ans. Some animals such as the hyena and the crocodile are famous for their weird behaviour.
For example, a laughing hyena’s voice resembles human’s laughing sound. Moreover, a
hyena laughs while swallowing it’s prey, while a crocodile shed tears.

5. The Ball Poem

Explain the following lines with reference to context:
What is the boy now, who has lost his ball,
What, what is he to do? I saw it go
Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then
Merrily over — there it is in the water!
Reference: These lines have been taken from the poem “The Ball Poem” composed by John
Berryman.

49
 Context: In this poem the poet describes the grief of a young boy over the loss of his ball.
Explanation: The poem starts with the poet’s question, which he asks himself. He talks about
a boy who has lost his ball and asks what he will do after losing it. The boy was very happy
and cheerful when the ball was with him. The poet further says that the boy must have lost his
ball while playing with it by throwing it up and down. At that moment, the ball must have
slipped from the boy’s hand and into the street. From there, it fell into the nearby river and
went into the water.

Extract- 1:
I would not intrude on him;
A dime, another ball, is worthless. Now
He senses first responsibility
In a world of possessions. People will take
Balls, Balls will be lost always, little boy.
And no one buys a ball back. Money is external.
Q.I. What does the child sense as responsibility?
Ans. The boy senses his responsibility that loss is an integral part of one’s life. Worldly things
come and go. He learns how to lose things.
Q.II. Why is money external and the ball is internal?
Ans. The boy has played with the ball and develops an attachment with it. So ball is internal and
with money new ball can be bought but he cannot buy attachment.

Answer the following questions in about 20 words.

Q.1. What has happened to the boy in the poet’s opinion?

Ans. The poet said that a boy lost his ball when he was playing. Poet also asked what the boy
would do.

Q.2. What does the poet suggest the boy about the ball?

Ans. The poet suggests the boy about the ball that he should feel sad as there are many other balls
in this world.

Q.3. What was the boy learning, according to the poem?

Ans. The boy was learning how to bear the loss. Everyone has to lose one and the other thing
someday. It is the nature.

Q.4. “Money is external”. What does the poet mean?

Ans. Money does not have any value for emotions. One can buy new things with money. One
cannot buy memories because money is external.

50
 Q.5. What is the message of the poem, “The Ball Poem”?

Ans. Loss of external things happen in life repeatedly. If we learn the art of bearing the loss, we
can live peacefully.

6. Amanda

Explain the following lines with reference to context:

(There is a languid, emerald sea,

where the sole inhabitant is me—

a mermaid, drifting blissfully.)

Did you finish your homework, Amanda?

Did you tidy your room, Amanda?

I thought I told you to clean your shoes,

Amanda!

Reference: These are the opening lines of Robin Klein’s poem “Amanda”.
Context: In these lines the poet describes about Amanda’s conditions and her parents
behavior.
Explanation: Amanda starts getting frustrated by her mother and starts imagining herself to be
in a deep green sea. She imagines how blissful her life would be if she would be a sea god
having a fish tail instead of legs. Then, she would have enjoyed the sea waves and moved
along with the waves up and down in the water. Amanda’s mother is inquiring whether she
has completed her homework or not. Then she asks her whether she has cleaned her room or
not. She is also reminding her to clean her shoes.

Q. I. Why does Amanda’s mother instruct the child?

Ans. Amanda’s mother instructs the child so that she can stop ill behaving. She wants to
develop good habits in the child for her gentleness.

Q. II. What instructions are given to Amanda in these lines?

Ans. Amanda’s mother instructs the child not to bite nails, hunch shoulders and stop
slouching. She should be alert and be happy every time.

Q.I. How is the life of a mermaid in the sea?

51
 Ans. Mermaid lives in a peaceful, emerald sea all alone. She enjoys complete freedom and
drifts blissfully in its placid waters.

Q. II. On the basis of these lines write in your own words why does Amanda think of
mermaid?

Ans. Amanda thinks about the mermaid because she also wants to live in the way of mermaid. She
does not want any disturbance and instructions from parents.

Answer the following questions in about 20 words.

Q.1. Why does Amanda want to be a mermaid?

Ans. She wants to be a mermaid because she drifts blissfully in emrald sea, enjoys complete
freedom and peace of the sea.

Q.2. How does Amanda behave in the poem?

Ans. Amanda behaves sulkily and moodily in the poem. She does not pay attention to what her
mother says. She wants to be an orphan, mermaid or Rapunzel.

Q.3. What is the theme of the poem, “Amanda”?

Ans. The theme of this poem is to find faults of children and nagging of parents at their children.
What impact all these have on them.
Q 4. Write a short note on the title of the poem?
Ans. The title of the poem is Amanda as it revolves around the upbringing of little girl named
Amanda. Her life is full of struggles where she is denied freedom and expression. Amanda is
so much irritate that she escapes reality by living in her imaginative world. Through this
gateway she experiences calmness, away from her nagging parents.
Q. 5 Why does Amanda seem moody most of the times?
Ans. Amanda seems moody most of the times because she is lost in an imaginary world. Her
mother is always scolding her and telling her what should and should not do. So Amanda
escapes into her own world she imagines herself as an orphan, a mermaid or a Rapunzel.
Q.6 Do you consider Amanda’s mother to be a nagging mother?
Ans. Amanda’s mother is indeed a nagging mother. She is all about instructions and finding
faults. No doubt it is her responsibility to instil good values into her daughter, but not at the
cost of her child’s happiness. One should know how to strike a balance between maintaining
responsibilities and taking good care.

Q.7 Is Amanda at fault at all?

Ans. Amanda is not at fault at all. It is too harsh for a small child to understand the concept of
acne and not eating a chocolate. Love of parents is missing from Amanda’s life. It is with pity
that we look towards Amanda. There is nothing worst for a child who wishes to be an orphan.
Amanda just seeks freedom from the overpowering environment around her.

7. Animals
Explain the following lines with reference to context:

52
 I think I could turn and live with animals, they are

so placid and self-contain’d,

I stand and look at them long and long.

Reference: These lines have been taken from the poem “Animals” written by Walt Whitman.
Context: In the poem ‘Animals’ poet Walt Whitman wishes to convey that animals are free
from all types of trivial anxieties.
Explanation: The poet says that he is desirous of living with animals as they are calm and
self-contained. He appreciates the numerous qualities of animals. The self-contained nature of
animals explains that they are happy in their own lives and do not interfere in others’ lives.
They are satisfied with what they have and do not have the greed to earn more than others.
Moreover, animals’ calm nature shows that they do not run after materialistic things like
humans. They are at peace in all situations. The ups and downs in their life do not bother
them. They know how to deal with such situations.

Answer the following questions in about 20 words.

Q.1 Why does the poet like animals?

Ans. The poet likes animals for their self-contained and quiet nature. The fact that animals
are not like human beings and satisfied with their lives appeals to the poet a lot.

Q.2 Why do animals not weep for their sins?

Ans. Animals do not weep for their sins because they do not need to do so. They are innocent
creatures that commit no sins. It is humans, who weep yet commit sins.

Q.3 Differentiate between humans and animals in terms of desire.

Ans. Animals are very different from humans as they have no desire to own things. They are
happy without an unending greed while humans become maniacs in their greed for possessing
valuables.
Q. 4 What does the poet mean by, “Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth”?
Ans. The poet means that animals do not pray to God or to ancestors and all of them are
equal, hence no one is more respectable than the other. The good values of animals and the
lack of social conventions make them happy.
Q.5 What is the theme of this poem ‘Animals’?
Ans. Poet wants to tell human beings that they must remove the discrimination, weaknesses
by learning from animals. They remain calm, self contained ,sinless and indiscriminate.
Q. 6. What are the “tokens” referred here in these lines?
Ans. The “tokens” referred here are the traits of character like love, cheerfulness and
contentment. The animals have all these in abundance.

Q. 7. What do the animals show to the poem?

53
Ans. The Animals have shown the poet their relations of love, equality and fraternity. They
have life of satisfaction and without complaint to show to the poet.

Q.8. Why does the poet think to live with animals?

Ans. Humans are complicated and false. Poet feels good with animals. They are sin less,
sound sleeper, uncomplaining and placid. So he thinks to live with them.

Q.9. What message do we get from the poem, ‘Animals’?

Ans. The message from this poem is to remove human weaknesses that they have, they leave
vices and adopt virtues from animals.

8. The Trees

Explain the following lines with reference to context:

All night the roots work
to disengage themselves from the cracks
in the veranda floor.
The leaves strain toward the glass
small twigs stiff with exertion
long-cramped boughs shuffling under the roof
like newly discharged patients
half-dazed, moving
to the clinic doors.

Reference: These lines have been taken from the poem “The Trees” written by Adrienne Rich.
Context: Here, the poetess has compared the branches with the newly discharged patients,
who move towards the door of the clinic and are still halfdazed.
Explanation: Here the poetess explains the effort put by trees to free themselves from the
boundaries of humans’ houses. The poetess says that the roots of the trees work all night to
separate themselves from the cracks of the veranda floor. The leaves of the tree try to put
pressure on the glass so that they can break the glass ceiling. The small stems of the tree have
become hard due to the continuous effort to free themselves. The long branches of the tree
have shrunken because of the less space available for them to expand under the roof. Trees
move slowly from home and look like newly discharged patients from the hospital. They are a
little confused while moving to the clinic door as they are not able to believe that they are
coming back to their actual home in the forest.

Q. I. What are the noises that poet listens at night?

54
Ans. The poet listens to the noise of glass breaking, stumbling of trees towards out of doors
and rushing of winds in the silent night.

Q. II. Why is all this noise being made?

Ans. All this noise is being made by the leaves, twigs and the tree because they all are trying
to set them free from the long exertion in the house.

Answer the following questions in about 20 words.

Q.1. How are the birds, insects and sun affected by the absence of the trees?

Ans. Birds have no place to sit. Insects cannot find any place to hide and there is no shadow in
the forest by sunlight.

Q.2. What is the central idea of the poem “The Trees”?

Ans. The poem tells us about the conflict between man and nature. Man has brought trees to
decorate their houses, trees inside.

Q 3: Where are the trees at present? What do their roots, and leaves do?

Answer: At present, the trees are in the house. The roots try to free themselves from the
cracks of the veranda floor, and the leaves make efforts to move towards the glass, perhaps in
search of light. The small branches become stiff as they try to pull themselves towards the
light.

Q 4: What is the central idea of the poem, ‘The Trees’?

Answer: The central idea of the poem is the conflict between man and nature. A plant is
brought inside the house when it is a sapling. But as it grows into a tree, it gets suffocated
with the limited space available. So it departs to feel free. The tree is thus, moving out to
occupy the now empty forest, made so by man’s indiscriminate felling of trees. Humans must
understand the negative impact of their actions on nature and mend their ways before it is too
late.

Q 5: Why is the description of the moon different in the beginning and at the end of the
third stanza?
Answer: At the beginning of the third stanza, the poet says that one can see the whole moon
shining in the open sky, but in the end, the moon seems to be broken like a mirror and its
pieces shine in the crown of the tallest oak tree. The change is caused by the shifting of the
trees outside.

Q 6: Why are the trees described in the first stanza not useful for birds or insects? Answer:
The trees described in the first stanza are either decorative plants kept inside a house, or they
are shown only in a painting or picture. Therefore, they are not useful for birds or insects.
Birds cannot sit on their branches. Insects cannot hide in them.

9 Poem -: Fog
Explain the following lines with reference to context:
The fog comes
on little cat feet. It sits looking

55
 over harbour and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.

Reference: These lines have been taken from the poem “Fog” composed by Carl Sandburg.
Context: In this stanza the poet describe the falling of fog on a cat but here Fog is described
as a Cat.
Explanation: The poet is describing the arrival of fog. He says that the fog comes like little
cat feet. Here, the fog has been compared with a little cat. As a cat walks silently on its small
feet and no one can know about its arrival, in a similar way, the fog also sets in. The fog
enters the city very slowly and calmly in such a way that no one can predict its arrival. Then
the poet says, the thick cloud of the fog covers the entire city in a similar way as the cat sits
silently by folding her legs behind itself. The fog engulfs the harbour and the whole city
silently and looks around the places, the way a cat does. After some time the fog leaves the
city and moves on. Here, the poet wants to convey that the fog does not stay for a longer time
duration in a particular place. It disappears after some interval, just like a cat without being
noticed by anyone.

Write answer of these Questions--

Q 1. How does the poet compare the fog with cat?
Ans. The poet uses the metaphor of cat for 'fog'. Both have similar quality of coming
silently and quietly, sitting on their haunches and looking around. Then move away as
quietly as they had come.
Q.2. How does a cat come and go? Compare it with fog with the help of these lines.
Ans. A cat comes and goes silently. Fog also covers harbor and city silently and then
disappears in the same manner.
Q.3. What do you understand by appearing and disappearing of fog?
Ans. Appearing and disappearing of fog indicates that we can pursue the target silently and
then attain it with a view to success.

Answer the following questions in about 20 words.

Q.4. What are the similarity poet has drawn in the poem “Fog”?

Ans. Poet compares fog with a cat. Fog comes silently resting on its haunches as a cat and
disappears in the same manner as a cat does.

Q.5. What effect does a fog make on city and its people?

Ans. Fog affects the life of city people. It disturbs and disrupts their schedule. Fog covers the
harbor and city and then disappears.

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 10. The Tale of Custard the Dragon

Explain the following lines with reference to context:

Now the name of the little black kitten was Ink,

And the little grey mouse, she called him Blink,

And the little yellow dog was sharp as Mustard,

But the dragon was a coward, and she called him Custard.

Reference: These lines have been taken from the poem “The Tale of Custard the Dragon”
written by Ogden Nash.
Context: The tale of custard the Dragon is a funny poem that tells the story of a little girl
Belinda and her pets.
Explanation: In this stanza, the poet tells the name of the pets who were in Belinda’s home. He
says that Belinda has named the little black kitten as Ink and the little grey mouse as Blink. The
little dog was sharp and was yellow in colour as mustard, so she named him Mustard. She
named the dragon Custard, which symbolizes that he was a coward animal and not brave
enough, as the other creatures of the home.
Suddenly, suddenly they heard a nasty sound,
And Mustard growled and they all looked around
Meowch! Cried Ink and ooh! cried Belinda,
For or there was a pirate ,climbing in the winda

Reference ---These lines have been taken from the poem 'The tale of Custard the Dragon
written by 'Ogden Nash'.
Context -----The poet presents contrast in human behaviour in favourable and unfavourable
situations.
Explanation--- All of a sudden, they all hear an unpleasant sound. They all look around.They
see a pirate(sea-dacout) climbing in the window. Mustard growls. Ink cries mew.Belinda
cries 'ooh' with fear.

Belinda still lives in her Little white house,

with her Little black kitten and her little grey mouse,
and her little yellow dog and her little red wagon
and her realio,trulio little pet dragon.

Reference --- These lines have been taken from the poem 'The tell of custard the dragon'
written by 'Ogden Nash'.
Context ---- Belinda is still in her house and with her animal friends.
Explanations---- Belinda is still living in her small house of white colour with her fair
weather friends -small black kitten, small grey mouse and small yellow dog even after the
pirate incident.She has her real and true pet dragon and she still has her small red wagon for
fun.

Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each]

57
 Q.1 What did Custard look like?
Ans. Custard looked really dangerous with spikes on his top and scales underneath.
His mouth was like a fireplace and nose like a chimney. His toes looked like
daggers.

Q.2. Describe the bravery of everyone in the house.

Ans. Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears. Ink and Blink were brave enough to
chase lions away. Mustard’s bravery was like a tiger’s rage. It was only Custard, who
was a coward, everyone else was very brave.

Q.3 What did everyone do when the pirate came?

Ans. When the pirate came, Belinda cried for help and became pale with fear. Mustard
ran away with a terrified cry and Ink trickled to the bottom of the house while Blink
disappeared in his mouse hole. Custard jumped in front of the Pirate to fight him.

Q. 4 Did Custard accept his cowardice and their bravery?

Ans. Yes, Custard seemed like a really humble animal as even after killing the
pirate he accepted that he is a coward and everyone else is braver than him.

Q. 5 ‘But Custard cried for a nice safe cage. ’ Who is Custard? Why did he cry for a
‘nice safe cage’?
Ans. Custard is Belinda’s pet Dragon. He cried for a nice safe cage because he was a
coward, who feared easily and looked for comfort and safety of himself.

Que 6 What is the message of the poem' The tale of custard the Dragon'?
Ans. The message is loud and clear A friend in need is a friend indeed. Never believe false
friends or fair -whether friends. The dragon proved to be the bravest and the best friend.

Que.7.Why was the dragon named custard? Ans. The dragon was named custard because of
his timidity. He always cried for a nice safe cage.Belinda tickled him. Ink, Blink and
Mustard rudely call him Percival.

Que.8. Why is the dragon considered as a 'cowardly dragon' ?

Ans. The dragon is considered as a 'cowardly dragon' because he always cries for a nice safe
cage . Because of his timidity he is addressed as 'custard'.
Q.9. How was dragon treated after the fight?
Ans. Custard the dragon was treated warmly. Belinda embraced him. Mustard licked him. Ink
and Blink took rounds of the drgaon.

Q. 9. Did they express grief over the death of the pirate?

Ans. They all were very happy over the death of the pirate. They did not think about him. They
were all praising custard the dragon.
Q.10. What does custard the dragon say about his bravery?
Ans. Custard the dragon is a real, true brave. He does not say anything about his bravery. He
even praises others that they are more valorous than him.

Q. 11. How was dragon treated after the fight?

58
 Ans. Mustard says that he will be doubly brave if he is not discouraged. Ink and Blink say that
they will be thrice as brave as they have been.
Q. 12. How was the fight between the dragon and the pirate?

Ans. The pirate had pistols in both hands and cutlass in his teeth. Dragon jumps upon him like
an engine. He hit him with his tail and gobbled him.

Q. 13 How is the pirate described in this poem?

Ans. The pirate has a black beard and his one leg was of wood. He has pistols in both right
and left hands. He has a bright cutlass in his teeth.

Q. 14. What is the theme of poem “The Tale of Custard the Dragon”?

Ans. Humorous names, acts, situations and to expose and mock at the fair weather friends is
the theme of this poem.

Q. 15. What was little dog Mustard boast?

Ans. The little dog Mustard boasted that he would have been doubly brave if he had not been
discouraged. He was boldly speaking at that time.

11. For Anne Gregory

Explain the following lines with reference to context:

“I heard an old religious man

But yesternight declare

That he had found a text to prove

That only God, my dear,

Could love you for yourself alone

And not your yellow hair.”

Reference: These lines have been taken from the poem “For Anne Gregory” composed by
William Butler Yeats.
Context: Here the poet wants to say that the true love is only based on the inner beauty of heart,
mind and soul.

Explanation: The poet replies to Anne after listening to her thoughts about love for internal
beauty and not external. He says that he had heard an old religious man saying that only God
can love us for what we are, and he can prove this by the fact mentioned in a religious book.
Humans always look for outer beauty and are carried away by its shine and glitter. They do not
have a deep understanding to look into the soul of a person. Only God can do so and love us for
our inner qualities.

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Q. I. What does the poet tell Gregory?

Ans. The poet tells Gregory that she will be loved because of her outward beauty and not for
her internal beauty.

Q. II. What is the possession of that lady?

Ans. The lady has a valuable possession. She has golden colour hari that makes her beautiful
and attractive.

Answer the following questions in about 20 words.

Q. 1. What text did the old religious man find about God’s love?

Ans. The old religious man found the text in which he found to prove that God loves a human
being.

Q. 2. Do you think that Gregory is satisfied to have beautiful golden hair.

Ans. Gregory is unsatisfied with golden hair. She wants to dye them brown, black or carrot. She
wants to be loved by the interior.

PASSAGES FROM TEXT BOOK (FIRST FLIGHT)

Passage: 1
Not a leaf remained on the trees. The corn was totally destroyed. The flowers were gone from
the plants. Lencho’s soul was filled with sadness. When the storm had passed, he stood in the
middle of the field and said to his sons, “A plague of locusts would have left more than this.
The hail has left nothing. This year we will have no corn.”
That night was a sorrowful one.
“All our work, for nothing.”
“There’s no one who can help us.”
“We’ll all go hungry this year.”

Questions:
1. Tick the correct answers:
(i) The damage costs to Lencho is compared with :
(a) Attack by rats (b) attack by crows
(c ) Plague of locusts (d) None of the above

(ii) Which crop was growing on Lencho’s fields

(a) Corn (b) Barley
(c) Rice (d) Ragi

2. Answer the following questions

(i) Describe Lencho’s feeling as shown in the passage?
(ii) What happened to the crop when the storm had passed?

3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – Balls of ice that falls from the sky.
(ii)Give an opposite word for “preserved”
Answers:
1. (i) c (ii) a

60
 2. (i) Lencho’s soul was filled with sadness.
(ii) The corn was totally destroyed. The flowers were gone from the plants when
the storm had passed.
3. (i) Hail (ii) Destroyed

Passage: 2
That was twenty-four hours ago. Since then nobody had come near him. The day before, all
day long, he had watched his parents flying about with his brothers and sister, perfecting
them in the art of flight, teaching them how to skim the waves and how to dive for fish. He
had, in fact, seen his older brother catch his first herring and devour it, standing on a rock,
while his parents circled around raising a proud cackle. And all the morning the whole family
had walked about on the big plateau midway down the opposite cliff taunting him with his
cowardice.
Questions:
1. Tick the correct answers:
(i) What were his parents teaching his brothers and sister?
(a) To perfect the art of flying
(b) To skim the waves
(c) To dive for fishing
(d) All of the above.
(ii) For how long had the young seagull been alone on his ledge?
(a) 21 hours (b) 22 hours
(c) 23 hours (d) 24 hours

2. Answer the following questions:

(i) Why did the young seagull’s parents circled round raising a proud cackle? (ii)
Why were the young seagull’s families taunting him?

3,(i) Find out the word from the passage which means – To eat greedily,

(ii) Give an antonym for bravery:

Answers:
1.(i) (d) (ii) (d)
2.(i) His older brother catch his first herring and devour it, standing on a rock, while his
parents circled around raising a proud cackle.
(ii) The young seagull’s family was taunting him due to his cowardice for refusing to fly
away.
3. (i) Devour
(ii) Cowardice

Passage: 3
After half an hour the strange black aeroplane was still there in front of me in the clouds.
Now there was only enough fuel in the old Dakota’s last tank to fly for five or ten minutes
more. I was starting to feel frightened again. But then he started to go down and I followed
through the storm.
Suddenly I came out of the clouds and saw two long straight lines of lights in front of me. It
was a runway! An airport! I was safe! I turned to look for my friend in the black aeroplane,
but the sky was empty. There was nothing there. The black aeroplane was gone. I could not
see it anywhere.
Questions

61
 1. Tick the correct answers :

(i).(A)What made the pilot frighten again while following the strange aeroplane:
(a) The density of the storm
(b) The technical problem in the engine
(c) The shortage of fuel
(d) Black aeroplane.

(ii)Did the narrator see the black aeroplane when he was landing
(a) Yes, he did (b) No, he didn’t
(c )Yes, he did, but soon disappear (d) none of the above
2. Answer the following questions:
(i) What did he see when he came out of the clouds?
(ii) How much fuel was left in his old Dakota’s last tank?

3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – having fear
(ii) Give the opposite of - “Familiar”
Answers:
1.(i) (c), (ii) (b)
2, (i) When he came out of the cloud he saw two long straight lines of lights in
front of his. It was an airport.
(ii) There was only enough fuel in the old Dakota’s last tank to fly for five or
ten minutes more.
2 (i) Frightened (ii) Strange
Passage:- 4
Paper has more patience than people. I thought or this saying on one of those days when, I
was feeling a little depressed and was sitting at home with my chin in my hands, pored and
listtess, wondering whether to stay in or go out. Go finally stayed where, I was prooding : yes,
paper does have more patience, and since I'm not planning to let anyone else read this stiff -
backed notebook grandly reffered to as a diary : unless I should ever find a real friend, It
probably won't make a bit or difference.
Now I'm back to the point that prompted me to keep a diary is the first place: I don't have a
friend.
Questions :
Tick () the correct answers.
1. paper has more patience than people : This saying means -
(a) People like to write thies thoughts on paper.
(b) people should learn patience from paper.
(c) Thoughts written on paper are kept secret unless others are allowed by you to read
them.
(d) None of the above.

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II How could Anne keep her personal thoughts and feelings secret?
(a) By telling her diary he read only by a real friend.
(b) By keeping her diary hidden from others.
(c) By not recording them is her diary.
(d) None of the above.
2. (i) What inspired Anne to write in a diary?
(ii) What was Annes problem?
(i) Find out from the passage the word which means with no energy or interest.
3 (ii) Give an opposite word for depressed.
Answers :
1. (i) (c) (ii) (a)
2. (i) She was inspired to write her thoughts in a diary so that she could keep them secret
until she allowed someone to read them.
(ii) She didn't have a real friend with whom she could share her private thoughts and
feelings.
3. (i) listless. (ii) Cheerful, glad or blissful.
Passage: 5

My father, the most adorable father I’ve ever seen, didn’t marry my mother until he was
thirty- six and she was twenty-five. My sister,Margot,was born in Frankfurt in Germany in
th
1926. I was born on 12 June, 1929. I lived in Frankfurt until I was four. My father emigrated
to Holland in 1933. My mother, Edith Hollander Frank, went with him to Holland in
September, while Margot and I were sent to Aachen to stay with our grandmother.
Questions
1. Tick the correct answers :
(i) With whom did the author live in Aachen?
(a) Father (b) Mother
(c ) Brother (d) grandmother

(ii) How does the Anne Frank explain his father:

(a) Most angry father (b) Most adorable father
(c ) Most dedicate father (d) None of the above

2. Answer the following questions:

(i) When was the narrator born?
(ii) Why were the narrator and her sister sent to Aachen?

3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – One that leaves one place to settle in
another.
(ii)Give an antonym for hateful

Answers:
1.(i) (d) (ii) (b)
th
2.(i) Narrator was born in 12 June, 1929.

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(ii) The narrator and her sister were sent to Aachen as her father had emigrated to Holland
along with her mother and there was no one to look after them.
3.(i) Emigrated (ii) Adorable

Passage :-6
Usually wanda sat in the seat next to the last seat row in room thirteen. She sat in the corner of
the room where the rough boys who did not make good marks sat the corner of the room where
there was most scuffling of feet most rooms of laughter when anything funny was said and
most mud and there because she was rough and noisy. On the contrary she was very quiet and
rarely said anything at all and nobody had ever heard her laugh out loud. Sometimes she
twisted her mouth into a crooked sort of smile, but that was all.
Questions :
1. Tick () the correct answers.
(1) The corner in which Wanda sat was special because -
(a) It was a peace for place where good students sat
(b) It was noisy place where naughty boys sat
(c) It was well-liquited place
(d) None of the above
(2) Wanda was-
(a) Rough and noisy
(b) Indisciplined and careless
(c) Very quiet and rarely said anything at all
(d) All the above
2. (1) Where did Wanda sit?
(2) What kind of girl was Wanda?
3. Find out from the passage the word that means - Noisy, dragging movements of the feet on
the ground.
(2) Give the opposite of - 'quiet'
Answers :
1. (i) (b) (ii) (c)
2. (i) She sat in the next to the last seat in the last row in room Thirteen.
(ii) She was very quiet, never laughed loudly and sometimes gave a crooked smile.
3. (i) Scuffling of feet.
(ii) Talkative or Noisy.

Passage: 7

64
Wanda didn’t have any friends. She came to school alone and went home alone. She always
wore a faded blue dress that didn’t hang right. It was clean, but it looked as though it had
never been ironed properly. She didn’t have any friends, but a lot of girls talked to her.
Sometimes, they surrounded her in the school yard as she stood watching the little girls play
hopscotch on the worn hard ground.
“Wanda,” Peggy would say in a most courteous manner as though she were talking to Miss
Mason. “Wanda,” she’d say, giving one of her friends a nudge, “tell us. How many dresses
did you say you had hanging up in your closet?”
“A hundred,” Wanda would say.
Questions:
1. Tick the correct answers:
(i) How many dresses Wanda says she had?
(a) One hundred (b) Two hundred
(b) Three hundred (c) Four hundred

(ii) How many friends did Wand have?

(a) Two (b) She didn’t have any friends
(c ) She had a lot of friends (d) None of the above

2. Answer the following questions:

(i) What did Wanda always wear?
(ii) Where did the girls surround her?

3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – ‘a gentle push’
(ii) Give the opposite of – “Impolite”

Answers:
1. (i) a (b) b
2. (i) Wanda always wore a faded blue dress that didn’t hang right. It was clean, but it
looked as though it had never been ironed properly.
(ii) The girl surrounded her in the school yard as she stood watching the little girl play
hopscotch on the worn hard ground.
3. (i) Nudge (ii) Courteous

Passage:- 8
While the class was circling the room, the montior from the principal's office brought Miss
Mason a note. Miss Mason read it several times and studied it thoughtfully for a while. Then
she clapped her hands. "attention, class. Everyone back to their seat".
When the shuffing of feet had stopped and the room was still and quiet, Miss Mason said, "I
have a letter from Wanda's father that I want to read to you."
Miss Mason stood there a moment and the silence in the room grew tense and expectant.
1. (i) The note was brought to Miss Mason by -
(a) another teacher (b) the principal
(c) the monitor (d) Wanda's father
(ii) How did Miss Mason react upon receiving the note?

65
(a) she read it repeatedly and become thoughtful
(b) she read it once and put it away
(c) she did not read it
(d) she asked the montior to read it to the class
2. (i) When did he bring the note?
(ii) Who had sent the note?
3. (i) Find the word from the passage which means : hopeful
(ii) Find the word from the passage which is opposite to 'mother'.
Answer :
(1) 1. (i) (c) (ii) (a)
2. (i) He brought the mote while the class was circling the room.
(ii) Wanda's father had sent the note.
3. (i) Expectant (ii) Father
Passage:- 9
Now it was Christmas time and there was snow on the ground. Christmas bells and a small tree
decorated the classroom. On the last day of school before the holidays, the teacher showed the
class a letter she had received that morning.
"You remember Wanda Petronski, the gifted little artist who won the drawing contest? Well,
she has written me, and am glad to know where she lives, because now I can send her medal. I
want to read her letter to you."
1. (i) The classroom was decorated because it was -
(a) the school's Founder's day
(b) Christmas season
(c) the school's Annual Day
(d) exhibiting Wanda's drawings
(ii) Why was the teacher particularly glad to know Wanda's new address?
(a) so that she could visit her
(b) so that she could write a letter to her
(c) so that she could send her the medal
(d) so that she could send a Christmas card to her
2. (i) What did the teacher show the class?
(ii) When did the teacher show the letter to the class?
3. (i) Find the word from the passage which means: talented
(ii) Find the word from the passage which opposite to 'first'
Answer :
1. (i) (b) (ii) (c)

66
2. (i) The teacher showed a letter she had received that morning to the class.
(ii) On the last day of the school the teacher showed the letter to the class.
3. (i) Gifted (ii) Last
Passage:- 10
Very soon Mij would follow me without a lead come to me when I called his name. He spent
most of his time in play. He spent hours shuffling a rubber ball round the room like a four-
footed soccer player using all four feet to dribble the ball, and he could also throw it, with a
powerful flick of the neck, to a surprising height and distance. But the real play of an otter is
when he lies on his back and juggles with small objects between his paws. Marbles were Mij’s
favourite toys for this pastime: he would lie on his back rolling two or more of them up and
down his wide, flat belly without ever dropping one to the floor.
Qs: 1 Tick ( ) the correct answers:
(i) How did he spend most of his time?
(a) In sleep (b) In play
c) In food (d) All the above
(ii) What were his favourite toys?
(a) Marbles (b) Rings
c) Ball (d) Bat
2. (i) What is the real play of an otter?
(ii) When did Mij follow the narrator?
3. (i) find out the word from the passage which is similar in meaning to – ‘stomach’
(ii) find out the word from the passage which is opposite in meaning to - ‘weak’

Ans. 1. (i) (b) In play (ii) (a) Marbles

2. (i) The real play of an otter is when he lies on his back and juggles with small objects
between his paws.
(ii) Mij followed the narrator when he called his name.
3. (i) belly (ii) powerful

Passage:-11
During our childhood in Goa, the baker used to be our friend, companion and guide, He used to
come at least twice a day. Once, when he set out in the morning on his selling round, and then
again, when he returned after emptying his huge basket, the jingling thud of his bamboo woke
us up from sleep and we ran to meet and greet him. Why was it so? was it for the love of the
loaf? Not at all. The loaves were bought by some Paskine or Bastine, the maid-servant of the
house! what we longed for were those bread-bangles which we chose carefully. Sometimes it
was sweet bread of special make.
Qs.: 1. Tick ( ) the correct answers :
(i) Who used to come twice a day?(a) Beggar (b) Priest (c) Friend (d) Baker
(ii) Why did children run from their sleep?
(a) To see the procession (b) To meet and greet the baker (c) To meet and greet the priest (d)
Due to illness
2. (i) What noise woke the children up?
(ii) Who brought the loaves of bread in the house?
3. (i) Find out the word from the passage similar in meaning to – ‘big’

67
 (ii) Find out the word from the passage opposite in meaning to –‘enemy’

Ans. 1. (i) (d) Baker (ii) (b) To meet and greet the baker

2.(i) The children were woken up by the ‘thud and jingling of the baker’s bamboo’.
(ii) The loaves of bread brought into the house by Paskine or Bastine, the maid servant of the
house.

3. (i) huge (ii) friend

Passage:- 12
Gautama Buddha (563 B.C.-483B.C.) began life as a prince named Siddhartha Gautama, in
northern India. At twelve, he was sent away for schooling in the Hindu sacred scriptures and
four-year latter he returned home to marry a princess. The had a son and lived for ten years as
befitted royally. At about the age of twenty- five, the prince,heretofore shielded from the
sufferings of the world, while out hunting chanced upon a sick man, then an aged man, then a
funeral procession, and finally a monk begging for alms. These sights so moved him that he at
once went out in to the world to seek enlightenment concerning the sorrows he had witnessed.
Qs.: 1. Tick ( ) the correct answers :
(i)Prince Siddhartha had- (a) a son (b) a son and daughter (c) two sons (d) two sons and two
daughter
(ii)When was Siddhartha sent to school? (a) at the age of 12 years (b) at the age of 6 years (c)
at the age of 15 years (d) he never went to school
2. (i) What was the prince shielded from?
(ii) What was the effect of the sights he saw on his way?
3.(i) Find out the word from the passage similar in meaning to – ‘king’s son’
(ii) Find out the word from the passage opposite in meaning to – ‘assaulted’
Ans. 1. (i) (a) a son (ii) (a) at the age of 12 years
2.(i) The prince was shielded with the sufferings of the world. (ii) the sights moved
him very much and he went to seek enlightenment.
3. (i) prince (ii) shielded

Passage: 13
Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread known as the bol, just as a party or a
feast loses its charm without bread. Not enough can be said to show how important a baker
can be for a village. The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her
daughter’s engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other
festivals. Thus, the presence of the baker’s furnace in the village is absolutely essential.
Questions
1. Tick the correct answers :
(i) With what name sweet bread known?
(a) Pader (b) Bol (c) Sandwich (d) Cake

(ii) What are compulsorily prepared during Christmas in Goa?

(a) Sweets (b) Bread
(c) Cakes &bolinhas (d Sandwiches
2. Answer the following questions:
(i) What is must be prepared on a daughter’s engagement by a lady? (ii)

68
 Why is a Beaker necessary in a village?

3 (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – ‘Celebration Meal’ (iii) Give
the opposite of – “Absence”
Answers:
1.(i) b (ii) c
2.(i) The lady of the house must be prepared sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s
engagement.
(ii) A Baker is necessary in a village because different kinds of breads are required by the
villagers for daily use as well as for special occasion.

2. (i) Feast (ii) Absence

Passage : 14

“Well, there’s the one about the Chinese emperor who always boiled water before drinking it.
One day a few leaves of the twigs burning under the pot fell into the water giving it a
delicious flavor. It is said they were tea leaves.”
“Tell me another!” scoffed Pranjol.
“We have an Indian legend too. Bodhidharma, an ancient Buddhist ascetic, cut off his eyelids
because he felt sleepy during meditation. The leaves of these plants when put in hot water
and drunk banished sleep.
“Tea was first drunk in China,” Rajvir added, “as far back as 2700 B.C.! In fact words such
as tea, ‘chai’ and ‘chini’ are from Chinese. Tea came to Europe only in the sixteenth century
and was drunk more as medicine than as beverage.”

1. Tick the correct answers :

(i) Rajvir told about the story of ------- who was responsible for discovering tea (a)
African Emperor (b) Old scientist
(c )Chinese emperor (d) British emperor
(ii) Rajvir told another story of Buddhist monk named
(a) Bodhinanak (b) Bodhidharma
(c )Dalailama (d) Vishwakarma

2. Answer the following questions:

(i) Why did an ancient Budhist cut off his eyelids?
(ii) How was tea drunk in sixteenth century?

3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – ‘Tasty’
(ii) Give the opposite of – ‘Modern’

Answers:
1.(i) c (ii) b
2.(i) An ancient Budhist cut of his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditation
(ii) Tea was drunk in sixteenth century as medicine than as beverage.

3.(i) Delicious (ii) Ancient

Passage: 15

Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are more than willing to recount
numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers. The Coorg Regiment is one of the
most decorated in the Indian Army, and the first Chief of the Indian Army, General Cariappa,
was a Coorgi. Even now, Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms
without a licence.

69
The river, Kaveri, obtains its water from the hills and forests of Coorg. Mahaseer- a large
freshwater fish- abounds in these waters.

1. Tick the correct answers :

(i) The first Chief of the Indian Army is from
(a) Coorg (b) Goa (c) Mysore (d) Kerala (ii) The largest fresh water fish is
___
(a) Whale (b) Mahaseer (c) Dolphin (d) Rohu

2. Answer the following questions :

(i) What is the tradition of Coorgi homes?
(ii) Which people in India are permitted to carry firearms without a licence? 3. (i) Find out
the word from the passage which means – ‘a place covered with trees’
(ii) Give the opposite of – ‘Prohibited’

Answers:

1.(i) (a) (ii) (b)

2.(i) Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality.
(ii) Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearm without a license
3(i) forest (ii) permitted

Passage: 16

At that point he became known as the Buddha (the Awakened or the Enlightened). The
Buddha preached his first sermon at the city of Benaras, most holy of the dipping places on
River Ganges; that sermon has been preserved and is given here. It reflects the Buddha’s
wisdom about one inscrutable kind of suffering.
Kisa Gotami had an only son, and he died. In her grief she carried the dead child to all her
neighbours, asking them for medicine, and the people said, “She has lost her senses. The boy
is dead.”
At length, Kisa Gotami met a man who replied to her request, “I cannot give the medicine for
the child, but I know a physician who can.”
And the girl said, “Pray tell me, sir; who is it?’ And the man replied. ‘Go to Sakyamuni, the
Buddha.’

1 Tick the correct answers :

(i) Buddha preached his first sermon at-
(a) Gaya (b) Benaras

(c ) Ranchi (d) Gorakhpur

(ii) What did Kisa ask for to bring her son back to life?
(a) Medicine (b) Money

(c ) Doctor (d) Prayers

2 Answer the following questions :
(i) What did Kisa Gotami do in grief?
(ii) What did the man say to Kisa Gotami?

3 (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – ‘Speech’ (ii)
Give the opposite of – ‘Joy’

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Answers:

1. (i) (b) (ii) (a)

2. (i)In her grief KisaGotami carried her dead son to all her neighbours for medicine . (ii)
The man said to KisaGotami that he could not give her son medicine but he knew a
physician who would give her medicine.
3. (i) Sermon (ii) Grief

QUESTION ANSWERS TEXT BOOK (FIRST FLIGHT)

1. A LETTER TO GOD

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Q1) What did Lencho hope for?
Lencho was a farmer. The only thing he desired and prayed for were showers for his field of
ripe crops. So that it could harvest well. If the showers did not come, the crop would die, and
it would lead to a big loss.

Q2) How did the rain change? What happened to Lencho's fields?
The seasoned welcomed good rains and Lencho was certain he would get a good harvest this
time. But the rains soon turned into storms and were accompanied by winds and hailstorms.
The harsh weather destroyed his crops completely.

Q3) Who was Lencho? What were his main problems?

Lencho was a hardworking farmer, who lived on the crest of a low hill. Due to the hailstorm
his crops were destroyed, so he needed money to sow his field again and support his family.
These were the main problems of Lencho.

Q4) How did the post master helped Lencho?

The postmaster was determined to help Lencho. He did not want Lencho's faith in God to be
shaken so he asked his employees and friends to help Lencho. He also contributed a part of
his salary for this act of charity.

Q5) Why did Lencho write a letter to God? Who received the letter and what did he do?
Lencho was a hard-working farmer. He was expecting a good harvest. But unfortunately, a
hail storm came and destroyed his crop completely. He had no money to purchase the seed
for sowing. But he had a firm faith in God. He believed that God would help him. He was a
simple man. He wrote a letter to God. He asked God to send him a hundred pesos. He wanted
this money in order to sow seeds again and to live until the next harvest season. Lencho went
to town and posted the letter. At the post-office, a postman took out the letter from the
letterbox. He read the address on it and had a good laugh. He showed the letter to the
postmaster and was greatly impressed by the faith of Lencho. He did not want to shake
Lencho’s faith in God. He collected money from his employees. He put this money into an
envelope and addressed it to Lencho.

Q6) What did the postmaster need to answer the letter? How did he collect it? Lencho’s crop
had been destroyed. He needed God’s help. So he wrote a letter to God. He posted the letter.
At the post-office, a postman took the letter out of the letterbox. He laughed at reading the
address. He showed the letter to the postmaster. The postmaster also laughed. But he praised
Lencho’s firm faith in God. He did not want to shake this faith. He was very kind. He decided
to help Lencho. He and the post-office employees collected some money. The postmaster

71
gave a part of his salary. They put the money into an envelope and addressed it to Lencho.

NELSON MANDELA : LONG WALK TO FREEDOM

TENTH May dawned bright and clear. For the past few days I had been pleasantly besieged by
dignitaries and world leaders who were coming to pay their respects before the inauguration.
The inauguration would be the largest gathering ever of international leaders on South African
soil.
The ceremonies took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheatre formed by the Union
Buildings in Pretoria-for decades this had been the seat of white supremacy and now it was the
first democratic non-racial government.
Answer the following questions
1 (i) The dignitaries and the world leaders were coming to _______ before the inauguration
(a) India (b) America (c) Australia (d) South Africa
Ans (d) South Africa
(ii) The inauguration was held on ________
th th th th
(a) 10 June (b) 20 May (c) 10 May (d) 5 May
th
Ans (c) 10 may
2 (i) What had been the seat of white supremay?
Ans The amphitheatre situated in Pretoria had been the seat of white supremacy.
(ii) Why did people gather there?
Ans People gathered there for the inauguration of South Africa's first democratic non racial
government.
3 (i) Find from the passage the word which means: to be surrounded closely by
Ans besieged by
(ii) Find the word from the passage which is opposite to 'same'
Ans different
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Q.1 When was the inauguration day?
(A) 10 May (b) 10 March (c) 20 May (d) 20 March [ ]
Q.2 It was a celebration of South Africa's first government.
(a) Autocratic racial (b) Democratic, non-racial
(c) Democratic racial (d) Monarch non racial [ ]
Q.3 How many deputy presidents were elected?
(a) Two (b) Three (c) One (d) None [ ]
Q.4 Why did there countries break off diplomatic relations with South Africa?
(a) White nelers (b) Other countries are racial
(c) It is a poor country (d) Apartheid policy [ ]
Q.5 What change brought international leaders to south Africa?
(a) End of Apartheid (b) Humanity (c) Peace (d) Trade Negotiations. [ ]
Q.6 "We thank all of our distinguished international guests for having come to take possession
with the people of our country of what is ofter all, a common victory for?
(a) Justice (b) Peace (c) Human dignity (d) all of the above [ ]
Q.7 What was it that the nation needed to be liberated from?
(a) Poverty (b) Gender discrimination (c) Deprivation (d) all of the above [ ]
Q.8 We have achieved our political emancipation.what is the meaning of emancipation?
(a) Freedom from restriction (b) Enslavement (c) Slavery (d) Both B and C [ ]
Q.9 The spectacular array of South Africa jets was a display of ______.
(a) military's precision (b) military’s loyalty to democracy
(c) Both A and B (d) None of the above [ ]
Q.10 What colours does the new South African flag possess?
(a) Black, red, green, blue & gold (b) Black, red, yellow, blue & gold
(c) Arrange, black, yellow, blue, & green (d) Black, blue, violet, Saffrah & green [ ]

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ANSWER KEY.
th
1. A - 10 may 2. B - Democratic, non-racial
3. A – Two 4. D - Apartheid policy
5. A - End of apartheid 6. D - all of the above
7. D - all of the above 8. A - Freedom from restriction
9. C - Both A and B 10. A - black, red, yellow, blue & gold
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Q.1 Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India that are
made of sandstone?
Ans The Ceremonies took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheater formed by the Union
Buildings in Pretoria.
The Parliament Bhavan in New Delhi, the supreme court of India in New Delhi and Madras
High court in Chennai are some examples of Indian public buildings that are made of
sandstone.
Q.2 What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed, and why?
Ans The highest military general of South Africa deference force and police saluted Mandela
and pledged their loyalty.
Their attitude has changed towards the blacks because of the struggles and sacrifies they have
made for the freedom of South Africa. This struggle for freedom has brought a great change in
the mindsets of many people. So, instead of arresting Mandela, the military generals saluted
him.
Q.3 Why were two national anthems sung?
Ans Two national anthems were sung because they showed two visions of the white and of the
black. The white wanted to show respect to their national anthem and the black to their ones.
This symbolized the equality of blacks and whites
Q.4 What does courage mean to Mandela?
Ans To Mandela courage does not mean the absence of fear but the triumph over it. The brave
man is not the one who does not feel afraid but the person who conquers that fear.
Q.5 What 'twin obligations' does Mandela mention?
Ans According to Mandela every man has to fulfil two obligations. The first one is his duties
towards , his family, parents, wife and children. The second obligation in his duties towards
his community, people and his country.
th
Q.6 Recount in brief the chief events of 10 May 1994.
th
Ans The day of 10 may 1994 was bright and clear-Nelson Mandela was sworned in as South
Africa's first black president- His African National Congress (ANC) party had
won in the first democratic elections of South Africa . The inauguration ceremony took place
in the Union Building's amphitheatre in Pretoria-politicians and dignitaries from nearly 140 or
so countries attended the ceremony. Men, women and children of all races of South Africa
sang and danced with joy.
Q.7 What is the vision of Nelson Mandela for the future of South Africa?
Ans Nelson Mandela said that the people of South Africa share their victory for justice, peace
and human dignity with the rest of the world. The political emancipation has been achieved,
but the problems of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other discrimination remain to
be solved. Also, he declared that never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful
land will again experience the oppression of one by another.
Q.8 What does Nelson Mandela mean by an ‘’extraordinary human disaster’’?
Ans These were the practice of apartheid in South Africa. The black suffered most due to
colour discrimination .The policy of apartheid of white race against the black people is called
an ‘’extraordinary human disaster ‘’by Mandela. The white people ruled South Africa and
snatched the freedom of the black natives of the country .The black people of the country were
not free to discharge their obligations to their families and societies .If they tried do so, they
would be sent to jail and bound to live a life of a slave

2. TWO STORIES ABOUT FLYING

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Q1) Describe the first flight of the young seagull?
The young seagull dived at the fish due to hunger and fell outwards and downwards into
space. He thought of getting drowned but his wings spread outwards automatically. He
moved downwards and outwards and landed safely on the sea and floated on it without any
fear.

Q2) How did seagull's parents try to make him fly?

Seagull's parents tried everything to make him fly. They screamed, scolded and threatened to
let him starve on the ledge unless he flew away.

Q3) Describe author’s feeling while he was flying his aero plane back to England? The
author was very excited while he was flying his aero plane back to England because he
wanted to spend his holiday with his family at home.

Q4) How much fuel was there in the aero plane when the writer started flying? There was
sufficient fuel in the tanks of the aero plane to reach England safely when the writer started
flying.

Q5) Who do you think helped the narrator to reach safely?

The pilot of the black plane asked the narrator to follow him and the writer landed safely.

Q6) Why was the writer shocked after hearing the woman’s word?
The writer was shocked after hearing the woman’s word because she told him that there was
no other aero plane flying that night as she had seen on the radar.

Q7) How did the young seagull get over his fear of sea water and what was his family’s
reaction on it?
The young seagull had made his maiden flight successfully. He was flying straight over the
sea. He observed a vast green sea all around him. He turned his beak sideways and cawed
amusedly. His family was very happy and landed ahead of him. They beckoned to him. When
he landed on the sea, he began to sink but he tried in despair and his belly touched the water
and he sank no further. He was floating on water. This way he got over his fear of seawater
and his family praised him a lot and offered him the dog-fish as a reward.

Q8) “Mother is the first teacher”. Do you agree with this statement? Explain with reference to
the young seagull.
Yes, it is true that mother is the first teacher. It is a well known point for all. A baby takes
birth and first of all sees mother’s face. It is mother who gives him a new life by feeding him.
The mother helps a baby to walk him first step. The mother introduces him to this world,
gives him knowledge of relations. She teaches him how to speak. She gives him power and
strength to face the difficulties of life. The same thing we find in this story, when no one
could encourage the young seagull to fly, his mother thought out a plan and took a piece of
fish near him, but she did not go nearer and her plan worked.

Q9) How did the writer get out of the storm in the night to land safely?
The writer was flying his old Dakota aero plane when he saw the black clouds. He was lost
in the storm. Suddenly, he saw a black aero plane by his side, which had no lights, on its
wings. The pilot instructed the writer to follow as he had lost the way. He obeyed him like a
child. He was very happy to follow him. After some time the pilot of the other plane started
to land. The writer followed him blindly through the storm and came out of the clouds. He
saw the lights of the runway and landed safely.

Q10) Why was the writer happy when he decided to fly in the night?
The writer was very happy when he decided to fly that night because he was going home to

74
his family to enjoy his holiday. When he started, everything seemed to be perfect. The sky
was clear, no clouds could be seen and the stars were shining. It all made it an easy task for
the writer to fly that night over the sleeping countryside of Paris. His assumption of
everything being in place made him happy.

4 FROM THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Q1. What makes writing in a diary a strange experience for Anne Frank?
Ans Writing in a diary was a strange experience for Anne Frank because she never had a
th
diary and it was a gift on her 13 birthday. It seemed to her that nobody would be
interesting later in her musings.
Q.2 Why does Anne want to keep a diary?
Ans Anne was an introvert and had no close friend to share her feeling with. She felt that
paper has more patience than people.
Q.3 What tells you that Anne loved and grandmother?
OR
Anne Frank had a great attachment with her grandmother. Justify your answer.
Ans Anne's birthday was celebrated without her grandmother. Anne was not happy.
Grandmother candle was lit along the rest. The birthday was a make up for others.
This shows that Anne loved her grandmother.
Q.4 Why was Mr. Keesing annoyed with Anne? What did he ask her to do?
OR
How was Anne getting along with her teachers? Why was Mr. Keesing annoyed with
her?
Ans Anne was getting along pretty well with all her teachers. But Mr. keesing was annoyed
with Anne because she talked too much in his period As a punishment he asked her,
write an essay on the topic ‘’Chatterbox’’
Q.5 Why does Anne provide a brief sketch of her life?
Ans Anne provides a brief sketch of her life because she wanted to describe about her family,
school and herself. By reading her diary, it could help the reader to develop some sort
of connection with her and all the activities that were happening around her at that
time.
Q.6 How did Anne justify her being a chatterbox in her essay/
OR
What does Anne write in her first essay?
Ans. As a punishment Mr. Keesing gave Anne a topic 'Chatterbox’' to write an essay. He
thought Anne would stop talking. But Anne justified her habit of talking in the essay.
She wrote that talking is a natural trait in students. She explained that talking was an
inherited trait in her as her mother also talked too much. Thus justified her habit of
talking.
Q.7 What made Mr. Keesing allow Anne the talk in class?
Ans Mr. Keesing was trying to play a practical joke on Anne. He had given a funny topic to
Anne to write an essay on it. She wrote it in a beautiful poem. It was about a mother
duck, father swan with three baby ducklings that were killed by their father
because they talked too much. Mr. Keesing took the joke the reghtway. He praised
Anne. As a result he allowed Anne to talk in class.
Q.8 Anne says teachers are most unpredictable Is Mr. Keesing unpredictable? How?
OR
Why did Anne frank say that teachers are the most unpredictable creatures on earth?
Ans Anne feels that teachers are the most unpredictable creatures. What would they do nest
is always uncertain. Mr. Keesing is too unpredictable. He finds a strange way to punish Anne
Finally he allowed her to talk in the class. Thus Anne finds him an unpredictable.
Q.9 Why does Anne want to keep a diary?

75
Ans. Anne wants to keep a diary because she has no friend to talk and share her feeling with.
And unfortunately this dituation is not going to change. She thinks paper has more patience
than people. Besides, there is no danger of a secret being disclosed as it is in the case of a
friend.
What makes writting in a diary a starange experience for Anne Frank?
Ans.There are two reasons that make writing in a diary a stange experience for Anne Frank.
First she has never written anything before. second, neither she nor anyone else will
interested in the thoughts of a thirteen-year-old school girl.
Why does Anne think that paper has more patience than people?
Ans. A man who has no true friend to share his thoughts with finds one such friend in a diary.
Anne too, has no true friend in whom she could confide her thoughts and feelings. She is
reminded of the saying that paper has more patience than people. Thoughts and feeling are
safely stored on paper, in a diary. A diary does not betray its writer. One's innermost
thoughts, ideas and feelings remain safe and secret until one lets others to read his personal
diary. It patiently keeps your thought to itself.
Highlight the importance of Anne Frank's dairy?
Ans. Besides being a biographical sketch of Anne Frank, her diary is also an authentic record
of racial killings, destruction caused by the War, an intimate account of the daily life under
Nazi occupation, the hellish life at concentration camps and so on. Anne Frank (12 June
1929- ferbruary/March 1945), was a German-born jewish girl, wrote while in hiding with her
family and four friends in Amsterdam during German occpation of the Netherlands in World
War II.

5-6 THE HUNDRED DRESSES I & II

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Q1. How did Peggy and Maddie different from Wanda?
Ans. Both Peggy and Maddie were Americans but Wanda was a polish girl. Peggy and
Maddie were best friends she had no friends. Peggy and Maddie used to tease Wanda but she
never said anything Wanda had only one dress but Peggy and Maddie had many. Peggy is the
most liked girl of the school but it was not so with Wanda.
Q2. How can you say that Wanda liked her old school, its students and teachers?
Ans. Wanda wrote a letter to her old teacher Miss Mason. She wrote that she missed that
school and Teacher and student. She wished Merry Christmas to Miss Mason and every
body. She gifted all the drawings of hundred dresses to all her old friends.
Q3. How did Maddie feel after listening to the note from Wanda’s father?
Ans. After listening to the note from Wanda’s father. Maddie felt greatly hurt. She cannot put
her mind on her work. She considered herself coward. She thought that she could have asked
Peggy not to tease Wanda but she could not do so.
Q4. Why do you think Wanda gave Maddie and Peggy the drawing of the dresses? Why were
they surprised?
Ans. Wanda gave Maddie and Peggy the drawing of dresses because she liked them and had
no prejudices against them. They were surprised because they found their own faces in the
drawings that were given to them.
Q5. Where did Wanda live? What kind of a place do you think it is?
Ans. Wanda Lived at Boggins Heights. I think that the place must be a hut. Wanda’s feet are
always covered with dusty.

76
Q6. Did Wanda have a hundred dresses? Why do you think she said she did?
Ans. No, Wanda did not really have a hundred dresses. I think she said so as she wanted to
impress the other girls and enjoy the situation.

Short Answer type Questions

Q1. Where in the classroom does Wanda sit and why?
Ans. Whan sits in the seat next to the last seat in the last row in Room Thirteen. Nobody knows
exactly why she sits there. But it may be because she comes from Boggins Heights and her feet
are usually covered with dry mud.
Q2 In what way was wanda different from the other children?
Ans. Wanda was different from the other children in many ways. Her name was funny. She did
not have any friends. She came to school alone and went home alone. She always wore a faded
blue dress that did't fit her. It was clean but it had never been ironed properly. Nobody played
with her.
Q3. Did Wanda have a hundred dresses? Why do you think she said she did?
Ans. No, Wanda did not really have a hundred dresses to wear. I think that she wanted to
impress the other girls and enjoy the situation.
Q4. What does Miss Mason think of Wanda's drawing What do the children think of
them? How do you know?
Ans. Miss mason thinks that all the drawings of wanda are very beautiful and different. They
are exquisite. Each one of them is worth winning a prize. The children find them amazing.
They stop short and gasp when they look their beauty and brilliance. We know it through
their reaction of bursting into applause and stamping on the floor joyfully and blowing
whistles.
Answer the following questions in about 80 words each
Q1. Draw a character sketch of Wanda Petronski?
Ans. Wanda petronski is the only Polish girl in her class. She is a Quiet and reserved girl. She
rarely says anything to anybody at all. Nobody has ever heard her laughing loudly. When she
smiles she twists her face. She is a hundred dresses. She has a good sense of humour. She has
only one dress that she wears everydays. But she says that she has hundres dresses all lined up
in the closet.
Q2. What lesson's do you draw from the story, "The Hundred Dressess"?
Ans. We draw a number of lessons from this story. First, We should he creative and good
natured like Wanda. Wanda kept cool despite peggy's teasing of other as peggy was. peggy
gave more importance to wealth and possessions than to qualities of head and heart. Third, we
should not be mute beholders of injustice done to others as Maddie was. We should appreciate
and honour the talent like Miss Mason.
Short Answer type Questions
Q1 What did Mr. petronski's letter say?
Ans. Mr. Petronski's letter said that daughter, Wanda, and his son, Jack, would not come to
school to school any more. They were moving away to big city. No one would now holler
them 'pallack' and ask about their funny name.
Q2. How did Maddie feel after listening to the note from wonda's father?
Ans. After listening to the note from Wanda's father, Maddie feels greatly hurt. She cannot
put her mind on her work. She considers herself coward. She thinks that she could have
asked Peggy not to tease Wanda but she could not do so.
Answer the following questions in about 80 words each
1. Draw a character sketch of Miss Mason?

77
Ans Miss Mason has an important role in the school. She tries at her best to come close to
every student and know his/her feelings and emotions. She has a sympatheic heart. After
reading the letter sent by Wanda's father, she becomes very cautious, she warns students as
they have shown unfeeling behaviour towards Wanda. She calls the incident both unfortunate
and sad. Miss Mason has moral an mental qualities. She tackles all the students in a very
thoughtful manner. When she recieves Wanda's letter on Christmas she draws attention of
the whole class and reads the letter aloud to the students. She sends girls medal to
Wanda.
2. What important decision did Maddie make? Why did she have to think hard to do so?
Ans. Maddie made an important decision that in future she would not stand by and say
nothing when someone was mocking at others or making fun of them. She would speak up
even if it meant losing Peggy's friendship. She had to think hard to do so because in future she
neither wanted to break the heart of anybody nor make anybody unhappy.

7. GLIMPSES OF INDIA
Answer the following question in 20-30 words
Q1. Is bread an important part of Goan life? (Glimpses of India)
Ans. Yes. Bread is an important part of goan life because marriage gifts are meaning less and
a party or a feast loss its charm without bread. Sandwiches are prepared on daughter’s
engagement.
Q2. Where is Coorg? (Glimpses of India)
Ans. Coorg is the smallest district of Karnataka. It is situated midway between Mysore and the
coastal town of Mangalore. It looks like piece of heaven drifted from the kingdom of God.
Q3. What is the Kabai?
Ans. The Kabai is a traditional dress of the baker. It was worn by the baker or bread-seller
during the days of Portugese in Goa. It was a single-piece long frock which reached down to
the knees.
Q4. What do you learn from the financial condition of the bakers of Goa?
Ans. In Goa, bread was an essential part of daily life. Sweet dishes made of bread made of
bread were also essential for various occasions like marriage ceremonies, engagements,
Christmas and others festivals. In this way the profession of baking was a profitable one. The
baker and his family never starved. He and his family and his servants too always looked
happy and prosperous.
Q5. Where were the monthly accounts of the baker recorded?
Ans. Monthly accounts of the baker were recorded on some wall in the house with a
pencil.
Q6. Why does the author tell Coorg a piece of heaven?
Ans. The author tells Coorg a piece of heaven because it has all the qualities of heaven. The
author says that it must drift from the kingdom of God. This is the land of rolling hills, which
is inhabited by a race of martial men and beautiful women.
Q7. Which is the best period for visiting Coorg?
Ans. The best period for visiting Coorg is from September to March.. In the period from
September to March the weather is lovely with some showers. The air is full of invigorating
coffee.

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Q8. Where is Coorg or Kodagu situated?
Ans. Coorg or Kodagu is situated midway between Mysore and the coastal town of
Mangalore. It is the smallest district of Karnataka. It seems to be a piece of heaven drifted
from the kingdom of God.
Q9. What magical effect does tea leaves contain?
Ans. Tea contains the magical effect that it can banish sleep when it is drunk after boiling in
hot water. It works as a medicine. It removes tiredness of mind and body and provides
liveliness.
Q10. What is an Indian Legend about tea?
Ans. An Indian Legend about the discovery of tea is that a Buddhist ascetic cut off his eyelids
because he felt sleepy during meditations. Ten tea plants grew out of the eyelids. These tea
leaves when put in hot water and drunk banished sleep. In this way tea came into existence as
medicine and beverage.
Q11. How are the tea pluckers different from the others from labourers?
Ans. The tea pluckers have to keep a bamboo basket on their backs. They wear plastic
aprons. They pluck the newly sprouted leaves of tea-plants and drop them in them in their
bamboo baskets. On the other hand the other farm labourers don’t have to wear apron. They
don’t carry bamboo baskets on their backs. They have to use sickle or other equipments.
Answer the following question in about 70-80 words
Q1. What do you know about Coorg or Kodagu? (glimpses of India)
Ans. Coorg or Kodagu is the smallest district of Karnataka; this place is home to evergreen
rainforests. spices and coffee plantations are in great quantity. The season of joy starts from
September and continues till the end of March. The air breathes of invigorating coffee.
Coffee-estates and colonial bungalows stand tucked under tree canopies in prime corners.
During the monsoon season the rainfall is excessive here. The visitors do not visit this place in
this season due to excessive rainfall. It is the largest Tibettan settlement of India. One can see
Buddhist monks in different colours which are very attractive.
Q2. What are the legends about the discovery of tea? (glimpses of India)
Ans. There are two stories about tea. The Chinese emperor always drank boiled water. One
day a few leaves of the twigs burning under the pot fell into the water giving it a delicious
flavours. They were tea leaves. There is an Indian legend also. There was an ancient Buddhist
saint who cut of eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditations. Ten tee plant grew out of
his eyelids. The leaves of these plants when put in hot water and drunk banished sleep.

V. Give a pen-portrait of a baker in Goa?

Ans. A baker had an important place in the village life of Goa. Marriage gifts were
meaningless without bol or sweet bread, cakes and bolinhas at Christmas and other festivals.
In the old days, the bakers used to wear a peculiar dress “kabai” a single piece long frock
reaching down the knees. Later they started wearing a shirt and trousers which were longer
than the shorts and shorter than the full length pants. Their family and servants never starved.
Their plump physique was a testimony of their prosperity and good income. He would come
twice a day and then, the children of the house would crowd around his basket to choose the
bread – bangles. Even today, baking and bakers are famous in Goa. They still use traditional
furnaces to bake bread and cakes. These bakers are known as paders in Goa.
VI . Describe the rainforests, the river Kaveri and coffee plantations in Coorg?
Ans. Coorg is a land of rolling hills and rainforests. The rainforests dominate the landscape of

79
Coorg. They cover over thirty percent of Coorg. The rainforests have a lot of rains during the
monsoons. The ideal tourists season starts from September and ends in March. The hills and
rainforests are the sources of the Kaveri. Mahaseer, a large freshwater fish, abound in Kaveri
waters. The forests of Coorg have a rich flora and fauna. Birds, bees, butterflies, Malabar
squirrels, languor’s and wild elephants find their shelter in the rainforests of Coorg. The very
air of Coorg smells of fresh coffee. Coffee estates and colonial buildings are scattered all
around amid the rolling hills.

Ch 8 Mijbil the Otter

Answer the following question in 20-30 words
Q1. How was Mij to be transported to England? (Mijbil the otter)
Ans. Mij was to be transported to England by flight to Paris and from there to London. The
airline insisted to pack Mij in to 18 inches’ square box.
Q2. What group of animals do otters belong to? (Mijbil the otter)
Ans. Otters belong to a small group of animals called Mustellines. The badger. Mongoose.
Weasel. Stoat and mink also belong to this group.

Answer the following question in about 70-80 words

Q1. How did Mij spend most of his time in playing games? (Mijbil the otter)
Ans. Mij spent most of his time in playing games. He would play for hours with ping-pong
balls,marbles, rubber fruit and a terrapin Shell. He spent hours shuffling a rubber ball round
the room like a four footed soccer player. He could threw the ball. I had a tilted suitcase. He
would play the ball on his high end. And then he would dash around to the other end to
ambush its arrival. Marbles were his favourite toys for his pastime.
Q2. What are the general habits of school going children? (Mijbil the otter)
Ans. There are some such habits that the school going children have as compulsive habits.
The general habits of school going children is to place their feet squarely on the centre of
each paving block. They walk as if they are playing a game. The second one is that they are
habitual to touch every seventh upright of iron railings. One more compulsive habit is to pass
to the outside of every second lamp post.

Ch. 9 Madam Rides the Bus

Answer the following question in 20-30 words
Q1. How did Valli save up money for her first journey? (Madam rides the bus)
Ans. Valli saved every coin she got. She controlled her temptation to buy pepper mints. Toys.
Balloons etc. at a village fair she did not even ride the merry –go –round
Q2. What was Valli’s favourite pastime? (Madam rides the bus)
Ans. Valli favourite pass time was standing in the front door way of her house. Watching
what was happening in the street outside.

Answer the following question in about 70-80 words

Q.1 How did Valli gather the information about the bus journey? (Madam rides the bus)
Ans. One of friend of Valli rode on a bus. Valli had a great desire to ride on the bus. She talked
to her friend about her journey. Valli’s friend described her about journey in a very good
manner. Vallilistned to the description of the town from her friend. For over many days and
months she had been listening to conversations carefully between her neighbours and the
people. Those people regularly used the bus. Valli asked all the questions from them. She also
asked about the problems she might face in her bus journey. In this way Valli gathered the
information about her bus journey.
Q2. What did Valli see from the window of the bus? (Madam rides the bus)

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Ans. Valli stood up on her seat so that she could see out of the window. She lifted the canvas
curtain. She saw the natural scenery outside. She saw that the bus was travelling along a
canal. Water was flowing in the canal. The road was very narrow. On one side there was the
canal and on the other side there were palm trees, grasslands, distant mountains and the wide
blue sky. She could see greenery everywhere. She also saw deep ditch on the other side of the
road. There were acres and acres of green fields. She was happy and surprised to see all these
scenes.

10.THE SERMON AT BENARES

Answer the following question in 20-30 words
Q1. Which sights were seen by Siddhartha while he was out hunting? (the sermon at Banaras)
Ans. While Siddhartha was out for hunting he chanced upon a sick man, then an aged man,
then a funeral procession and finally a monk begging for alms.
Q2. What did Buddha asked Kisa Gotami to bring? (The sermon at Banaras)
Ans. Buddha asked Kisa Gotami to bring a handful of mustard seeds from the house where
there was no death.
Q1. Who was Gautama Buddha?
Ans. Gautama Buddha was a prince. His name was Siddhartha. He lived from. At the age of
twelve, he was sent for schooling in the Hindu sacred scriptures. At the age of sixteen, he
married a princess. He had a son. He lived for ten years as a befitted royalty. At the age of
twenty five, he become a monk and went out into the world to seek enlightenment concerning
the sorrows he witnessed.
Q2. Where did Buddha give his first sermon and what did it reflect?
Ans. Buddha gave his first sermon at the city of Benares. It is the holiest dipping place on the
river Ganges. The sermon reflected his wisdom about one inscrutable kind of suffering.
Q3. When her son dies, Kisa Gotami goes from house to house? What does she ask for?
Ans. After the death of her only son, Kisa Gotami was overcome with grief. She carried the
dead body of her son in her arms and went from door to door asking for medicine to cure her
child, but nobody could provide any medicine.
Q4. Why did Gotami not get only a handful of mustard seeds?
Ans. Gotami did not get only a handful of mustard seeds because she was told by the Buddha
to carry a handful of mustard seed but from the house where no one had lost a child, husband,
parent or friend. She did not find such a house
Q5. Why is human life compared with the earthly things?
Ans. Human life is compared with the earthly things because both are made to be destroyed.
As a ripe fruit is early in danger of falling, in the same way a living being is always in danger
of dying.
Answer the following question in about 70-80 words
Q1. How was prince Siddhartha transformed in to GautamaBuddha? (the sermon at Banaras)
(iv) prince Siddhartha was very much moved to see sorrows. When he was 25-year-old. He
removed royalty and went out into the world to seek enlightenment concerning the sorrows he
had witnessed. He wondered for seven years and finally sat down under a peepal terr. After
the seven days of the enlightenment he renamed the tree the Bodhi terr. He became known as
the Buddha.
Q2. What do you know about the first sermon of Buddha? (the sermon at Banaras)

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After his enlightenment Buddha started his journey again. He reached Banaras. He reached
his first sermon in the city of Banaras. It reflects the wisdom of Buddha about one inscrutable
kind of suffering. Kisa Goutami implored Buddha to receive her only son. He sent her to
bring a handful of mustard seed from the house where there was no death. She got none. She
also knew that everyone will die. Death is inevitable to all. In the similar manner all the
sufferings manner all the sufferings are part of life.
Q3. What ultimate truth did Gotami learn?
Ans. Gotami learnt the fate of men. She learnt that their lives are like lights. As the lights
flicker up and extinguish again, so is the life of living beings that flickers up and extinguishes
again. She knowing that we are humans and it is natural for us to die. We do not easily accept
the death of our loved ones.
Q4. Why and how did Siddhartha Gautama become the Buddha?
Ans. Gautama Buddha was born as a prince named Siddhartha Gautama in northern India. At
the age of twelve, he was sent away for learning the Hindu sacred scriptures. Four years later
he returned home to marry a princess. They had a son and lived for ten years as befitted
royalty. Up to the age of twenty five, the prince was shielded from the sufferings of the
world. Then while going out for hunting, he came across by chance a sick man, an aged man,
a funeral procession, and finally a monk begging for alms. These sights moved the prince so
much that he went out into the world to seek a state of high spiritual knowledge concerning
the sorrows of human beings. He wandered for seven years and finally sat down under a
peepal tree. He got enlightenment after seven days. After that he came to be known as the
Buddha.
Q5. How did Buddha make Kisa Gotami understand about the reality of death?
Ans. Kisa Gotami’s only son had died. In her grief she carried the dead child to all her
neighbors, asking them for medicine. Then a man suggested her to go to Sakyamuni, the
Buddha. Kisa Gotami requested Gautama Buddha to give her the medicine that would cure
her son. The Buddha replied that he wanted a handful of mustard seed which must be taken
from a house where no one had lost a child, husband, parent or friend. KisaGotami went from
house to house. People pitied her but she could not find any house where near and dear one
had not died. She thought how selfish she had been in her grief. She realized that death is
common to all human beings.

11.THE Proposal
LOMOV : [Lomov enters, exhausted] My heart’s palpitating awfully. My foot’s gone
to sleep. There’s something that keeps pulling in my side….
NATALYA : Forgive us Ivan Vassilevitch, we were all a little heated. I remember now :
Oxen Meadows…. really are yours.
LOMOV : My hearts beating awfully. My Meadows… My eyebrows are both
twitching ……..
NATALYA : The Meadows are yours. Do sit down. [They sit] we were wrong.
LOMOV : I did it on principle. My land is worth little to me, but the principal……
NATALYA : Yes, the principal, just so. Now let’s talk to something else.
LOMOV : The more so as I have evidence. My aunt’s grandmother gave the land to
your father’s grandfather’s peasants……
NATALYA : Yes, yes let that pass/ [aside] I wish I knew how to get him started
[allowed] Are you going to start shooting soon?

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LOMOV : I’m thinking of having a go at the blackcock, honoured Natalya Stepanovna,
after the harvest. Oh, have you heard? Just think, what a misfortunate I’ve had! My dog
guess, who are know, has gone lame.
NATALYA : What a pity! Why?
LOMOV : I don’t know. Must have got his leg twisted or bitten by some other dog.
[sighs] My very best dog to say nothing of the expense, I gave Mironov 125 roubles for him.
NATALYA : It was too much, Ivan Vassilevitch.
LOMOV : I think it was very cheap. He’s a first-rate dog.
Q1. Tick the correct answers :
(i) Who was the real owner of Oxen Meadows?
(a) Lomov (b) Chubukov (c) Natalya (d) Squeezer
(ii) What was the name of Lomov’s dog?
(a) Squeezer (b) Natalya (c) Chubukov (d) Guess
Q2. (i) Who gave land of Lomov?
(ii) What is a price of Lomov’s dog ?

Q3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which is similar in meaning to—‘doctrine’.(ii)
Find out the word from the passage opposite in meaning to- - ‘fortune’.
Anwsers:
1 (i) (a) Lomov (ii) (d) Guess
Ans 2. (i) Lomov’s aunts grandmother gave the land to natalya’s fathers grandfather’s
peasants.
II. The price of Lomov’s dog is 125 roubles.
3 (i) Principal (ii) Misfortune
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1.What was Lomov suffering from?
(a) Blood pressure (b) Diabetes (c) Palpitations (d) Cancer

2.How was the dress of Lomov?

(a) Formal dress
(b) Informal dress
(c) He was in rags
(d) He does not have a coat.

3.What was Lomov’s age?

(a) 35 years (b) 36 years (c) 38 years (d) 40 years

4.What was the subject of dispute?

(a) The land of oxen meadows (b) Their property
(c)The marriage proposal (d) The words used by Lomo
4.For how long Chubukov was using meadows
(a) 35 years (b) 36 years (c) 38 years (d) 40 years

5.Who gave the meadows to Chubukov according to lomov.

(a. )His aunt (b) His aunt’s father
(c) His aunt’s grandfather (d) His aunt’s grandmother
6. What are the names of the dogs
(a) Harry and Victor (b) Guess and squeezer
(c) Tiger and guess (d) All the above

Answer Key
1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (a)

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4. (a)
5. (d)
6. (d)
7. (b)

8. Why does lomov want to marry immediately?

Ans. Lomov wants to marry immediately because he is getting older day by day. He
has already attained 35 years.

9. What did lomov say about the disputed land ?

Ans Lomov told the land belonged to his aunt’s grandmother. She gave land to peasants
of natalya’s father’s grandfather for free use.

10. Why did lomov jump during his sleep?

Ans Lomov was suffering from a kind of strain in his left side. The pain reaches to his
shoulder and head. He jumped to due to that disease.

11. How can we say that Natalya was in love with lomov?
Ans Natalya says to her father that oxen meadows are of lomov, she calls him back. She
also tells her father to call a doctor when lomov falls unconscious. Thus she was in love with
lomov.

12. What was the first cause of quarrel between Natalya and lomov?
Ans There was a dispute of land between lomov and chubukovs. Lomov said it was his
aunt’s grandmother. Natlaya said it was her grandfather’s great grandfathers.

13. How does the play end?

Ans The play ends with happy note. Both natlaya and lomov married. Chubukov puts
lomovs hands into natlaya’s.

FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET

1. A Triumph of surgery

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

Q.1 How was the figure of Tricki?
(A) White Figure (B) Golden figure (C) Red figure (D) Black spotted figure [ B]

Q.2Who was the mistress of Tricki?

(A) Mrs. Pumphrey (B) Mrs. Herriot (C) Mrs. Elizabeth (D) Mrs. Anthony D’costa [ A ]

Q.3Why was Mrs. Pumphrey ringing a dozen times?

(A)For latest bulletins of Tricki (B) for money
(C) For food of Tricki (D) To Talk about winter [C]

Q.4.What was the name of grey hound?

(A) Tricki (B) Joe (C) Johny (D) Henry [B]

Answer the following questions in 20-30 words :

Q1. What was Mr. Herriot’s reaction when he saw Tricki and his mistress ?

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 Ans. When Mr. Herriot’s saw Tricki and his mistress he was really worried about Tricki at
that time.
Q2. What was difficult for Mrs. Pumphery ?
Ans, Mrs. Pumphrey gave a lot to eat Tricki. When she was told to be striict and cut down
Tricki’s diet. She said it was difficult.
Q3. What did Mr. Harriot see about Tricki’s condition in the car ?
Ans. Mr. Harriot saw that the pathetic little animal was gasping at his side in the car. He
was in very poor condition.
Q4. How didi Tricki manage him food at first ?
Ans. When all the dogs finished their food, Tricki took a walk round the shining bowls. He
licked inside the bowls also.
Q5. What message do you get from the lesson “A Trimph of Surgery”?
Ans. This lesson teaches us to do exercise regularly and eat less so that we can maintain
our health
Q.6 Why is Mrs Pumphery worried about Tricki?
Ans. Mrs. Pumphery is worried about Tricki because he appeared to be tired inactive and
energyless.
Q.7 Why is Mr. Herriot tempted to keep Tricki on as a permanent guest?
Ans. Mr. Herriot is tempted to keep Tricki on as a permanent guest because this ensured a
supply of fresh eggs and bottle of wine from Mrs Pumphrey to his house which he enjoyed
during his meal.
Q.8 What dresses did Tricki had?
Ans. Tricki had a whole wardrobe of coats. There were many coats for the cold weather and
a raincoat for a wet day.
Q.9 When Tricki was being taken out what was the reaction of staff?
Ans. The entire staff was roused and maid rushed in and out bringing bed, day and night bed,
cushions, toys, rubber rings and different bowls.
Q.10 What did Mr. Herriot see about Tricki’s condition in the car?
Ans. Mr. Herriot saw that the pathetic little animal was gasping at his side in the car. He was
in very poor condition.
Q.11 What was difficult for Mr.s Pumphrey?
Ans. Mrs. Pumphrey gave a lot to eat Tricki. When she was told to be strict and cut down
Tricki’s die,she said it was difficult for her.
Q.12. How did Mr. Herriot treat Tricki?
Ans. Mr. Herriot took Tricki with him in his car to his hospital. Tricki was gasping when he
was taken to hospital. Tricki remained motionless on the carpet. He was not given anything to
eat for two days. He was given plenty of water. At the second day he started to show some
interest in his surroundings. In this way there was gradual recovery in Tricki’s health.

Answer the following questions in about 60 words :

Q1. How did Mr. Herriot treat Tricki’s health ?
Ans. Mr. Herriot took Tricki with him in his car to his hospital. Tricki was gasping and remained motionless
on the carpet. He was not given anything to eat for two days. He was given plenty of water. On the second
day he started to show some interest in his surroundings. In this way there was gradual recovery in Tricki’s
health.
Q2. How was the discharge scene of Tricki from hospital ?
Ans. Mr. Herriot informed Mrs. Pumphrey about Tricki’s recovery. Within minutes she came there. When
Tricki saw his mistress he took of from Mr. Herriot’s arms. He jumped and sat into her lap. She gave a
startled ‘Ooh” and do swarmed over her. He licked her face and barked. They both were excited to see each
others. Tears came out of the eyes of Mrs. Pumphrey and she thanked Mr. Herriot.

Q.3 What do you think that Mr.s Pumphrey takes great care of Tricki?

85
Ans. Mr. Pumphery gives rich diet to Tricki. She gives him malt, cod liver oil and Horlicks
when he appears to be tried and inactive.She gives him cream cakes, chocolates. She sends
bottles of wine and fresh eggs for fast recovery of Tricki to Mr. Herriot. She has lots of coats,
cushions; bowls for Tricki.She has emotional attachment also. Tears came out from her eyes
on the departure and meeting of Tricki.
Q.4 Draw a character sketch of Mrs. Pumphery?
Ans :- Mrs. Pumphery is a rich lady, she is an animal lover. She loves Tricki, her dog very
much. She overfed Tricki lovingly Tricki falls ill due to overfeeding. But she doesn’t restrict
his diet and doesn’t give him exercises despite the veterinary surgeon’s warning. She is
greatly concerned about his well being. She has given Tricki comforts with all means.
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2. THE THIEF’S STORY
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Tick the correct answer:
1. How old was Anil?

(a) 20 years (b) 22 years (c) 23 years (d) 25 years

2. What did Anil do to the food cooked by Hari Singh the first day? (a)
Ate it with happiness (b) put it in the refrigerator
(c) Asked the boy to eat it (d) threw it to a stray dog
3. What was Anil doing when Hari Singh met him?
(a) Watching a wrestling match (b) writing an article
(c) Playing badminton (d) going on the road
4. What was Anil’s profession as mentioned?
(a) Wrestler (b) writer (c) Shopkeeper (d) engineer
5. Where did Anil keep the bundle of money?
(a) In the locker (b) under the table
(c) Under his mattress (d) under the pillow
6. What kind of jobs did Hari Singh do for Anil?
(a) Making tea (b) cooking food
(c) Bringing day’s supply (d) all of these
7. How much money did Hari Singh steal?
(a) 400 (b) 500 (c) 600 (d) 700
8. What did Anil promise him to teach?
(a) Write his name (b) cook
(c) Write full sentence (d) all of the above
9 .What was the Hari Singh’s real profession?
(a) servant (b)Theft (c) writer (d) wrestling
ANSWERS
1(d),2(d),3(a),4(b),5(c), 6(d),7(c),8(d),9(b)

Answer the following questions in 20-30 words :

Q1. Why did Hari Singh want to talk to Anil ?

86
 Ans. Hari Singh wanted to Anil because he had determined to make him his next prey
for the purpose of theft.
Q2. What was Anil’s way of earning money ?
Ans. Anil earned money by fits and starts. He used to write for magazines. He borrowed one
week and lend the next week. He worried about his next chques.
Q3. Why was it difficult to rob Anil ?
Ans. It was difficult to rob Anil because he was very careless. He didn’t even notice that he
had been robbed.
Q4. What did he think about his comfort after the theft ?
Ans. He thought that he could live a life like a rich Arab for few days. He could enjoy his
life in a very good way.
Q5. What was he thinking when the train had left the station ?
Ans. He categorized man in three ways, greedy man showed fear, rich showed anger and
poor showed acceptance when their money was theft.

Q.6 Who was Anil?

Ans. Anil was a Writer. He was a young man of twenty five.

Q.7 Who was Hari Singh?

Ans. Hari Singh was a boy of fifteen years old. He was an experienced thief.
Q.8 What did Hari Singh get from Anil in return for his work?
Ans. Hari Singh got food and accommodation from Anil in return for his work.

Q.9 Why did Hari Singh take a new name every month?
Ans. Hari Singh took a new name every month because he was a thief and it kept him ahed of the police and
his former employers.

Q.10 How many rupees did Hari Singh steal from Anil’s room?
Ans. Hari Singh stole six hundred rupees from Anil’s room.
Q.11 Write a character sketch of Anil?

Ans. Anil was a writer. He was kind and easy-going person. He was careless about money.
He helps his servant to read and write. He had no friends. He believed that friends were more
trouble than help.
Q1. Draw a brief character sketch of Hari Singh.
Ans. Hari Singh was an experienced and fairly successful thief. He was quite cunning and
shrewd. He tried to get close to Anil through flattery. He changed his name every month to
escape from police and his former employers. Hari sing was thoughtful. He cheated Anil by
means of his theft. He thought that Anil would never believe anyone. He was very emotional
also.
Q2. Describe the story of Anil and the thief.
Ans. The story opens at the place where Anil was watching a wrestling match, The thief also
reaches there. By flattery and lies he wins Anil’s favour. Anil provides food and teaches
him, One day Anil keeps his money under the mattress. The thief knows it. At night when
Anil sleeps, the thief steals the money and reaches the railway stations to escape but he
thinks about the goodness of Anil and returns to Anil and leaves theft.

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 3. THE MIDNIGHT VISITOR
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
Q.1 Where was the room of Ausable?
(A) On the sixth and top floor ( B) on the fifth and lower floor
(C) On the ground floor (D) on the second floor (A)
Q 2 What was the accent of Ausable?
(A) German (B) British (C) French (D) American (D)
Q 3 How was the figure of Ausable ?
(A) Fat (B) Thin (C) Lean (D) Pigmy (A)
Q 4 Fowler was a……………...?
(A) Romantic writer (B) A spy (C) Waiter (D) A neighbor (A)
Q 5 Max entered Ausable’s room at ……………..
(A) Midnight (B) Noon (C) Morning (D) Evening (A)
Q 6 What did Max have in his hand?
(A) A pistol (B) A flower (C) A book (D) Doctor’s report (A)

Answer the following questions in 20-30 words :

1. What was the aim of Max’s visit to Ausable’s room
Ans. Max opened the door of Ausable’s room with a passkey. His aim was to get the
important report on missiles.
2. Where was Ausable living when the incident of the story took place ?
Ans. Ausable was a secret agent. He was living in a French hotel when the incident of the
story took place.
3. How did Max react when he came to know of the police at the door ?
Ans. When Max heard the knock at the door he was sure of arrival of police. He reached the
window in panic. He jumped down on the imaginary balcony.
4. Write about the personality of Max in your own words.
Ans. Max was quite slender, a little less than tall, His features suggested slightly the crafty
pointed countenance of fox.
5. How did Max react when he came to know of the police at the door ?
Ans. When Max heard the knock at the door he was sure of arrival of police. He reached the
window in panic. He jumped down on the imaginary balcony.

Q.6 Which languages did Ausable speak passably?

Ans.-Ausable spoke French and German passably.
Q.7 Where did Ausable come to Paris from and when?
Ans.- Ausable came to Pairs from Boston ,America.He came there twenty years ago.

Q.8 Who had entered Ausable’s room and why?

Ans.-Max, a secret agent, had entered Ausable’s room.He wanted to take the report Ausable
was expecting.

Q.9 Who knocked at the door of Ausable’s room?

Ans.- A waiter named Henry knocked at the door of Ausable’s room.
Answer the following questions in about 60 words :
Q1. Draw a character sketch of Ausable.
Ans. Ausable spoke German and French passably. He had never lost the American accent
completely. He bought this accent twenty years ago from Boston, He had great presence of

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mind. He has the ability to think quickly and act calmly and wisely in a situation of danger
and surprise. He threatened max that police was knocking at his door to know about him.
Q2. How did Ausable get rid of Max ?
Ans. Ausable, a secret agent, was to receive a very important report abut some new missiles.
Max, a rival agent wanted to obtain the report from him by force. He entered Ausable’s
room using a pass-key. He threatened to shoot Ausable if he didn’t hand over the report to
him. To get rid of Max, Ausable concocted a false story about a balcony being attached to
his room. Max jumped out of the window to escape the police. As there was no balcony, he
fell to the ground floor. Ausable thus got rid of Max.

Ch 4 Question of Trust
Answer the following questions in 20-30 words :
Q1. What was the work of Horace Danby?
Ans. Horace Danby was a successful locksmith. He was a good and respectable citizen.
Q2. How did Horace Danby pursue his hobby?
Ans. Horace Danby used to rob one safe every year. He bought rare and expensive books
using the robbed amount.
Q3. Why was it not difficult for Horace to open the safe?
Ans. Horace was an experienced lock breaker. He broke a safe every year to meet his hobby
of reading expensive and rare books. So it was not difficult for him to open the safe.
Q4. What was ‘the lady in red’ looked to Horace ?
Ans. ‘The lady in red’ had an impressive look. Her voice was like a mistress. Horace took
her as the mistress of the house.
Q5. What problem was caused that Horace never got the chance to begin with his plan
?
Ans. Horace never got the chance to begin with his plan because he was arrested by
policeman by noon for the robbery of jewellery at Shotover Grange.
Answer the following questions in about 60 words:-
Q1. Draw a character sketch of Horace Danby.
Asn. Horace Danby was a voracious reader. He could not afford expensive books. Book
reading was his habit. He robbed a safe once in a year so that he could buy books and read
them. He robbed only those houses where money was more than enough. He was
respectable but we can not say that he was honest in complete sense. He used wrong way to
do good work.
Q2. What was the reason of Horace’s arrest ?
Ans. Horace Danby was tricked by a lady thief. She came and impersonated herself as the
owner of the house. She told him that she always liked wrong type of people. Horace in
order to help her took off his gloves. She wanted the jewells which were in the safe.
Thinking the lady as owner, Horace broke the safe and gave her jewels. Due to his finger
prints which were left on the safe, he was arrested.

5. FOOTPRINT WITHOUT FEET

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

89
 Tick the correct answer
1. The scientist was always ______ now he became furious
(a) Patient (b)quick tempered (c) Calm (d) none of the above
2. “The two boys started in surprise at the fresh muddy imprints of a pair of _____”
(a) bare feet (b) hands (c) Tyres (d) none of the above
3 .Griffins body became as transparent as ______
(a) Glass (b) ice (c) Air (d) none of the above
4. Griffin the scientist was making
(a) a walking plant (b) a talking plant
(c) Invisible footprints (d) an invisible man
5 For what did Griffin enter the big London store?
(a) for coldness (b) for warmth
(c) for money (d) all of the above
6. What did Griffin do for revenge?
(a) burned himself (b) burned the landlord
(c) burned the house (d) he didn’t do anything for revenge 7. How did
Griffin finally escape?
(a) By hitting them (b) by taking off all his clothes
(c) By running away as fast as he could (d) by hiding
8. Who called the incident “an extraordinary affair”?
(a) Clergyman (b) Clergyman’s wife
(c) Mrs. Hall (d) all of these
ANSWERS
1(b),2(a),3(a),4(d),5(b), 6(c),7(b),8(a)
1. Why was there an empty space above the shoulder even when Griffin was fully
clothed?
Ans. There was an empty space above the shoulders because Griffin’s body was invisible.
He was not wearing anything on his face.
2. What happened to Griffin in London store ?
Ans. Griffin slept in London store and awoke late. He started to run in panic to see the
assistants. He could not run. So he had to come out without clothes in cold air.
3. What was the second try of Griffin?
Ans. Second time Griffin tried in the stock of a theatrical company in Druary Lane. He
wanted to hide the empty space above his shoulders with the clothes he found there.
4. How was Griffin found involved in the burglary at the clergyman’s home?
Ans. When Griffin produced some ready cash for which he had refused earlier, suspicion
grew in him strong at that time about his involvement in the burglary at the clergyman’s
home.
Q5. Why were the two boys in London surprised and fascinated?
Ans. The two boys in London were surprised and fascinated because they saw fresh muddy
footprints of a pair of bare feet. They could not see anyone but only the footprints.

Q.6 What did the Halls see in the scientist's room?

Ans. Halls saw that the bed clothes were cold, showing that the scientist must have been up
for some time. He also found that the clothes and bandages that the scientist always wore
were lying about the room.

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 Q.7 How can it be said that Griffin choose a bad time of the year?
Ans. Griffin had to remove all his clothes to become quite invisible. It was mid-winter. The
air was bitterly cold and it was not possible for him to wander without clothes in the streets.
So it can be said that Griffin choose a bad time of the year.
Q.8 What kind of view did Mrs. Hall have about her guest and why? Ans. Mrs. Hall has the
view that her guest was an eccentric scientist. She thought so because he wanted to be alone
and was always busy with his work. He had strange habits and irritable temper.
Q.9 Why was Griffin suspected of having had a hand in burglary?
Ans. Griffin was suspected of having had a hand in burglary because he suddenly produced
some ready cash, though he had admitted some days before that he had no money.

Q.10 What happened when Griffin did not wake up in time?

Ans. The store, where Griffin was sleeping opened in the morning. Two assistants of the
store approached him. He started running away from there, but they chased him.
Q.11 What problem did Griffin face at the inn?
Ans. The money that Griffin had stolen comes to an end. At the inn he faced the problem of
lack of money.
Q.12 Why was the scientist wandering in the streets?
Ans. When the landlord of the scientist tried to eject him, he set fire to the landlord's house
and left the place. After this, he became homeless so he was wondering in the streets. Q.17
"Griffin was rather a lawless person" Explain.
OR
Write the character sketch of Griffin.
Ans. Griffin was an extraordinary and brilliant scientist. He discovered that the human body
could become invisible and transparent as a sheet of glass.. However, he misused his
discovery only for his personal gains. He committed theft and burglaries and beat and robbed
innocent persons. His activities made him a lawless and an anarchist.

6 Making of a Scientiest
Answer the following questions in 20-30 words :
1. What work of twenty two year old scout excited the world of science ?
Ans. The youth of twenty two year worked on how cell work that excited the science world.
2. What was the readers invited at the end of the book ‘ The Travels of Monarch X’?
Ans. The readers were invited to help in the study of butterfly migration by tagging them
for research by Dr. Urquhart and letting them free.
3. What was presented by Ebright in the science fairing grade VII ?
Ans. Ebright presented slides of frog tissues which he displayed under a microscope when
he was in grade VII.
4. How can you say that Ebright was a versatile men?

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 Ans. He was a debator and public speaker, a good canoeist and all round outdoor person. He
was a good photographer also.
5. How would Ebright get the idea for his new theory about cell life?
Ans. When Ebright was looking at the x-ray photos of the chemical structure of a hormone,
he got the idea for his new theory about cell life.
Answer the following questions in about 60 words :
1. How did Richard Ebright feel and realize after loosing in county science fair?
Ans. He participated in county science fair when he was in VII grade. He felt sad when he
did not get anything while everybody was winning. His entry was slides of frog tissues
which he showed under a microscope. He realized that winners had tried to do real
experiments and they had not made simply a neat display.
2. What was Richard A. Weiherer’s opinion about Rechard Ebright?
Ans. Richard Ebright was a person who debated research for three or four hours at night. He
also did his research with butterflies and his other interests. He wasn’t interested to work
only for winning or get a prize. Rather he was winning because he wanted to do the best job
he could. For the right reasons, he wanted to be the best.

7 THE NECKLACE
Multiple choice questions
1. The husband of the lady worked as a clerk in the
(A)Board of education (B) Electricity board
(C) Bank (D)Post-office Ans. (A)
Q2 Who is the author of the story “The Necklace”?
(A)HG Wells (B) Robert W Peterson
(C) Guy De Maupassant (D)None of the above Ans. (C)
Q3 How does Mme Loisel react when she sees the invitation?
(A)She begins to weep. (B) She Rushes Out the buy herself a new Dress.
(C) She throws the Letter in the fire. (D)She jumps for joy Ans.(A)
Q4 Where does Mme Loisel notice that the necklace is gone?
(A)At home (B) On the steps outside their house
(C) At the party (D)In the Cab Ans. (A)
Q 5 Matilda borrowed the necklace from her friend.
(a) Mme Forestire (b) Mme Jennifer (c) Mme Annie (d) none Ans (A)
Q6 How long do the Loisels wait before buying a new necklace?
(A)A week (B) A Year (C) Two days (D)A months Ans. (A)
Q7 When did Mr. & Mrs. Loisel return from the ball.
(A)At 3 am (B) At 4 am (C) At 2 am (D) At 5 am Ans- (B)
Q8 How long did the Struggle continue pay of loan for necklace?
(A)2 years (B) 10 years (C) 1 year (D)6 Months Ans- (B)

Answer the following questions in 20-30 words :

1. Why does the writer say that Matilda was born as if an error of destiny in the family of
clerks ?
Ans. Matilda was very beautiful and she always thought of elegant dinners and shinning
silvers. So the writer says that she was born as if an error of destiny in the family of clerks.
2. What was the cause of Loisel’s ruin ?
Ans. Loisel lost the necklace. They had to borrow eighteen thousand Francs to buy a new
necklace. So they had to live a miserable life.
3. Why did Matilda seem to be sad as the day of the ball approached?

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 Ans. Matilda was sad as she didn’t have a Jewel with which she could adorn herself. She
would look poor in the party.
4. How was the problem of having no jewellary for the party solved ?
Ans. The problem is solved by borrowing a diamond necklace from the friend of Matilda
who was her schoolmate at convent.
5. What did M. and Mme Loisel do to search the necklace ?
Ans. M. and Mme Loisel tried to search for the lost necklace. He went on the track on foot.
Then he went to the police and gave advertisements in the newspaper, Mme Loisel wrote
letter to her friend.
Answer the following questions in about 60 words :
1. How did Loisel repay for the lost necklace ?
Ans. They repaid for the lost necklace monetarily, physically and mentally. They had
18,000 francs. They borrowed the rest from the usurers and the lenders. In the repayment
years Matilda lost her beauty. Loisel toiled in the evenings. At night he did the work of
copying. She turned from an elegant beauty into a hard, crude woman.
2. What message do you get from the story ‘The Necklace’?
Ans. This story tells us how to avoid false show of richness. We should be content with
what we have. We honestly confess our faults and weaknesses. Maltida did not follow these
all. She strove to show what she did not have. She suffered a lot in her life. In a way she
ruined her carefree life. She was not content with her own life.
Q1. Give a character –sketch of Matilda?
Ans. Matilda is a pretty young woman she is born in a middle class family. She wants to live
a life of luxury. The lack of this makes her sad. She believes in show off. That is why she
borrows from her friend a necklace to wear in a party. Matilda is not satisfied with what she
has got. This ruins her life.
Q2. What lesson do you learn from the story ‘The Necklace’?
Ans. We learn that.
1. we should avoid borrowing things or money as much as possible and should satisfy with
what we have.
2. we should avoid false show of richness because it ultimately returns disgrace. 3. we
should adopt simple living and high thinking because it is the secret of happiness.
Q3 Why did Matilda throw the invitation?
Ans. Matilda threw the invitation because she and her husband were invited to a grand party
and she did not have a dress and jewellery.
Q4 Why was Mme Loisel delighted at the party?
Ans. Mme Loisel looked very pretty in the party. She got lots of admiration. Being very
pleased, she danced to the pleasure of her heart.
Q5 How did Mr. Loisel arrange money to buy a diamond necklace?
Ans. Mr. Loisel had only Eighteen thousand francs. He borrowed the rest thirty six thousand
francs and bought the diamond necklace.
CHAPTER 8 THE HACK DRIVER
Tick the correct answer:
1. What was the profession of the narrator in the story?

93
(a) A junior assistant clerk (c) a senior assistant clerk
(b) An advocate (d) a police officer
2. Where was the narrator sent to?
(a) London (b) New York (c) New Mullion (d) Melborn
3. Whom did the narrator meet at the station ?
(a) An old lady (b) the hack driver (c) Firtz’s the shopkeeper (d) the barber
4. New Mullion was a:
(a) Neat and clean village (c) beautiful and calm place
(b) Dirty and muddy place (d) a tourist place
5. The hack driver introduced himself as:
(a) Jill (b) Bill (c) Gusto (d) Lutkins
6. The hack driver took the lawyer first of all to:
(a) Gusaff’s shop (b) Firtz’s shop (c) Pool room (d) Gray’s shop
7. Who was the hack driver?
(a) Lutkin’s close friend (b) Lutkin’s enemy (c) Oliver Lutkins (d) none of these
8. How far was New Mullion from the office of lawyer?
(a) 40 km (b)40 miles (c) 14 km (d) 14 miles
9. The narrator was:
(a) Satisfied with his job (c)neither satisfied nor unsatisfied with his job
(b) Unsatisfied with his job (d) none of these
10. What type of person was hack driver?
(a) Cunning (b) stupid (b) handsome (d) intelligent
Answers: 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 C 8 B 9 B 10 A
Q. 11 Who befriends him? Where does he take him?
Ans. A hack driver befriends him. He takes him almost all the places of the village in search
of Lutkins. He takes him to Firtz’s shop, to Fustaff’s barber shop, to Gray’s barber shop,
poolroom and to the farm of Lutkins’ mother, three miles away from the village.
Q. 12 Who is Lutkins?
Ans. The hack driver who introduces himself as Bill is none other than Lutkins himself. He
is jolly fellow who befools the narrator.
Q. 13 Why do you think Lutkins’ neighbours were anxious to meet the lawyer?
Ans. Lutkins had befooled the lawyer in the whole village. Almost all people had enjoyed
this joke of Lutkins. These neighbours were the only people who had missed seeing the
lawyer. So they were anxious to meet him.
Q14. Do you think the lawyer was gullible? How could he have avoided being taken for a
ride?
Ans. I do think that the lawyer was gullible. Had he been worldly wise, he would have
avoided being taken for a ride. He should not have trusted a stranger blindly. He could have
been first to inquire about Lutkins not Bill.
Q15. What picture of New Mullion does the narrator present?
Ans. He says that the streets of the village were rivers of mud with rows of wooden shops.
These shops were either painted a sour brown of bare of any paint.

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Q16. Why was the narrator disappointed on reaching New Mullion?
Ans. The narrator had imagined New Mullion to be a simple and sweet village. But on
reaching there, he found the place dirty one. This made him disappointed.
Q17. What must have been the narrator’s feelings on knowing that the hack driver was
Lutkins himself?
Ans. When the narrator knew that the hack driver was Lutkins himself, he must have felt
shocked. He must have felt befooled in the hands of a person whom he trusted and
befriended, he thought him simple and richly.
Q18. Do you think that Lutkins was right in befooling the lawyer and earning money by
using unfair means? What precautions should one take to avoid a situation like one in which
the lawyer was placed?
Ans. Lutkins was not right in befooling the lawyer and earning money by using unfair
means. He was shrewd and showed no respect for law and order. If we are in the lawyer’s
place we should not trust things as they appear. We should be cautious and not trust blindly
the other person’s simple attitude. In fact we should carry out enquires ourselves to see its
validity.

CHAPTER 9 BHOLI
Tick the correct answer
1. What was Bholi's real name?
(a) Sulekha (b) Champa (c) Mangla (d) Lata
2. What damaged some part of her brain?
(a) Falling off the stairs (b) small-pox
(c) falling off a cot (d) falling off a verandah
3. How is the situation of the house described?
(a) poor (b) miserable (c) Prosperous (d) fine
4. What did the Tehsildar ask Ramlal to do?
(a) drop him back to the city (b) have dinner with him
(c) Send his daughter to school (d) none of the above
5. What was Bholi's first reaction on hearing that she was going to school?
(a) She cried with tears of joy (b) she cried with fear
(c) she screamed (d) all the above
6 Why did the girls laugh at Bholi?
(a)at her dress (d) she was excited
(c) at her stammering (b) at her looks
7. Why did Bholi's parents accept Bishamber's marriage proposal?
(a) he has a big shop (b) he has a house
(c) he has good bank balance (d) all of the above
8. Who is the artist's work of art?
(a) Bholi's friend (b) Bholi (c) Bholi's cow (d) Bholi's teacher
9. How did Bholi find the teacher on her very first day in the school?
(a)cruel (b) hard (c)kind and loving (d) all of the above
ANSWERS

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1(a),2(c),3(c),4(c),5(b), 6(c),7(d),8(b),9 (c)
Q10. How did Bholi become a backward child?
Ans. Bholi was the fourth daughter of Ramlal. When she was only ten months old, she fell
off the cot. She fell down on her head Some part of her brain got damaged. That's why she
lost her mental ability, and became a backward child.
Q11. Why was Bholi's father worried about her?
Ans. Bholi was different from other children. She neither had good looks nor intelligence.
Bholi's father was worried about finding a good bridegroom for her.
Q12. For what unusual reasons is Bholi sent to school?
Ans.Bholi's father was a revenue official and government representative in the village. The
Tehsildar told him to send his daughter to school. There for Bholi was sent to school.
Q13. What was the situation in the classroom when Bholi reached the school? Ans. When
Bholi reached the school, she found many children sitting in their classroom. There were
several rooms and in each room girls were sitting. They were reading from books or writing
on slates. She was glad to find so many girls.
Q14. Does Bholi enjoy her first day at school?
Ans. Yes, Bholi enjoyed her first day at school. Initially she was frightened. But, she was
delighted to find so many girls almost of her own age. She hoped that one of these girls
might become her friend.
Q15. Does she find her teacher different from the people at home?
Ans. Yes, she finds her teacher quite different. At home, she is never spoken to in a polite
manner but her teacher spoke to her in a very soft and soothing way. At home, she was
disregarded for stammering but her teacher encouraged her to speak with more confidence.
Q16. Why did the other children make fun of Bholi?
Ans. Bholi had no idea about school. She was made to sit down in a corner of the classroom.
Several girls were also sitting on mats. The teacher asked her name but she stammered and
could not speak. When the other girls heard her voice, they burst into laughter.
Q17. What major changes were visible in the village in a few years?
Ans. Several changes were visible in the village in a few years. The villages had become a
town and the little primary school was converted into a high school. It had a cinema hall
arranged under a tin shed and a cotton ginning will. The village railway station had also
bsecome important. Now the mail train stopped there.
Q18. Why do Bholi's parents accept Bishamber's marriage proposal?
Ans. Bholi's parents accepted Bishamber's marriage proposal because they thought that
Bholi might never get another marriage proposal. Also Bishamber was a well to do grocer
and had not ask for dowry too.
Q.19. Draw a character sketch of Bholi?
Ans. Bholi's real name was Sulekha. She was a backward child as when she was only ten
month old,she fell off the cot on her head and got her brain damaged. She was never given
importance at home. The teacher changed her life and her personality. She made her
outspoken, bold, confident, fearless and courageous. She became an intelligent girl who
could tell what was right or wrong. She stopped stammering and recovered from mental
illness.
Q.20.. What was the role of the school teacher in Bholi's life?
Ans. When Bholi came to school and met her teacher, she was very shy and innocent. Her
brain

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was damaged so she stammered. The teacher changed her life and her personality. Her
teacher encouraged to speak. She made her out spoken, bold, confident, fearless and
courageous. She stopped stammering and recovered from mental illness .Thus her teacher
played a very important role in change in the Bholi's life.

CHAPTER 10 THE BOOK THAT SAVED THE EARTH

Tick the correct answers
1. The twentieth century was often called the era of -
(a) History (b) books (c) golden age (d) food
2. Which book saved the planet Earth from Martian Invasion?
(a) Encyclopaedia (b) Mother Goose (c) Maths (d) history
3. Mother Goose was well known book of-
(a) Forest culture (b) drama (c) history (d) nursery rhymes
4. Who was the ruler of Mars?
(a) Noodle (b) Oop (c) Think Tank (d) scientist
5. The resident of Mars were planning to attack on-
(a) Earth (b) Moon (c) Saturn (d) Jupiter
6. Omega was holding a book in his hand, imagining it is a-
(a)burger (b) Noodles (c) Sandwich (d) Chapati
7. Which rhyme made Think Tank believe that earthlings were after him-
(a) Twinkle Twinkle (b) Big fat hen
(c) Humpty Dumpty (d) Jack and Jill
8. Martians have established a………in their capital city Marsopolies
(a) Library (b) space center (c) school (d) scientific research centeer
9. Finally, who decides not to invade the earth?
(a) Omega (b) Think-Tank (c) Noodle (d) all of the above
ANSWERS
1(b),2(b),3(d),4(c),5(a), 6(c),7(c),8(d),9(b)
Q.10. Why was the twentieth century called the "Era of the Book"?
Ans. The twentieth century was called the "Era of the Book" because in those days, there
were books about everything from anteaters to Zulus. Book taught people how to and when
to and where to and why to. They illustrated, educated, punctuated and even decorated.
Q.11. Why are books referred as man's best friend?
Ans. The books are the treasure of infinite knowledge. We read them and get noble ideas
from them. After reading books we become wise. They motivate and encouraged us for
good deeds.
Q.12. Who is declared the most powerful and intelligent creature in the play?
Ans. Think-Tank is declared as the most powerful and intelligent creature in the play. He is
considered the wisest creature in the universe. He is the commander-in-chief of the Mars
space control.
Q.13. Who was Think-Tank? What did he want? Who were his companions?

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Ans. Think-Tank was the ruler of the planet Mars. He wanted to invade the planet earth.
There were four members as his companions apprentice Noodle, Captain Omega, Lieutenant
Iota, and Sergeant Oop.
Q.14. Who tried to invade the earth in the twenty first century?
Ans. Martians tried to invade the earth in the twenty first century.
Q.15. What guesses are made by Think-Tank about the books found on earth?
Ans. Think-Tank guessed the books, as sandwiches On Noodle's suggestion he guessed
them as communication devices.
Q.16. What was the plan of Martians? Did they succeed in their attempt?
Ans. The Martian planned to capture and invade the earth in 2040. No, they did not succeed
because a single book of rhymes stopped them from invasion.
Q.17. What made Think-Tank realize that the earthlings had reached a high level of
civilization?
Ans. Think-Tank found that the earthlings have even domesticated animals with musical
culture and space technique. Their dogs have a sense of humour. He thought that earthling
was launching as interplanetary attack of millions of cows. Thus he realized that the
earthlings had reached a high level of civilization.
Q.18. Why did Think-Tank order the invasion fleet to evacuate the entire planet of Mars?
Ans. Think-Tank ordered the invasion fleet to evacuate the entire planet of Mars because he
thought that the earthlings were after him. They would kill him and his people. So he took
this decision and ran away to safety.

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 OFFICIAL/FORMAL LETTERS
Letters to Govt. official
Format :

Sender’s Address
122, Ashok Nagar
R.N 10 Udaipur
Date March, 20, 20_ _
Letter No. (if any)…………….
Receiver’s Address
The Editor
Times of India
Jaipur, Rajasthan
Subject:-
Salutation:- Sir/Madam/Dear Sir/Madam
Opening Lines:-
1. I would like to draw to your kind attention to…….
2. As the above mention subject I would like to draw your kind attention…….(for complain lettrs)
3. It would be very kind of you if you publish my views in your esteemed news paper……(for news
paper )
4. Through the esteemed column of your news paper I wish to draw the attention of the authorities
concerned…….(for news paper)
5. Respectfully I beg to say that (for application)
Body of the
letter……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
Courteous Ending:
1. You are requested to look into the matter and take necessary action against/ do the needful
immediately……..
2. It is hoped that the authority concerned will look into the matter and do the needful….
3. Kindly allow us………..
Thanking you.
Yours faithfully/sincerely/obediently/
Sender’s Signature…………….
Sender’s Name………………….
Sender’s Post (if any)…………
Enclosure(s) (if any)1.

99
1.You are Prakash Sethia living at 128, Vyas Colony, Bikaner. Write a letter to the Chairman,
Municipal Board, of your town complaining about insanitary condition in your locality.
Ans.
128 Vyas Colony
Bikaner
16 March 20XX
The Chairman
Municipal Board
Bikaner
Sir
Sub: Insanitary Conditions.
I beg to bring to your kind attention about the insanitary condition of our locality. The sweeper
does not clean regularly. His behaviour is not modest. There are heaps of rubbish and mud soil
here and there. The drains are broken at many places. They are clogged due to rubbish in them.
Dirty water continues to flow on the road. The streets have become muddy. It is very difficult
even to walk on foot. Contagious disease can breakout. Our life is hell here. Would you visit
our locality some day and see the situation yourself ?
Please look into the matter immediately and do the needful.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Prakash Sethia
2.You are Vishnu Purohit living at 137, Adarsh Colony, Colony, Jaipur. Write a letter to the
Mayor, Jaipur Municipal Corporation, Jaipur, complaining about poor lighting in your locality.
Ans.
137 Adarsh Colony
Jaipur
10 February 20XX
The Mayor
Jaipur Municipal Corporation
Jaipur
Madam
Sub. Poor Lighting
Respectfully bring to your kind notice about poor lighting system of our locality. There are
electric poles but no electricity. There is total darkness at night . Many accidents have occurred
due to faint lighting system. There have been many cases of theft. Our life is in danger.
Please look into the matter immediately and do the needful.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Vishnu Purohit

3.You are Rohit living at 15 Ram Nagar, Jaisalmer. Write a letter to the Head Postmaster
complaining against the irregular delivery of letters in your locality.
Ans.
15 Ram Nagar
Jaisalmer
23 March 20XX
The Head Postmaster
Regional Post Office
P.G. Road
Jaisalmer
Sir
Sub:Irregular delivery of letters in Ram Nagar locality.

100
I would like to draw your attention towards the irregular delivery of letters in Ram Nagar
colony. The delayed receipt of the letters is caused great inconvenience to the residents.
The postman says that he is over burdened. The locality is vast. So, please, ensure immediate
posting of another postman.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Rohit

4.You are Asha living at 15, Bajaj Nagar, Jaipur. Write a letter to the Collector of your district
complaining about the frequent electricity failure during exam time.
Ans.
15 Bajaj Nagar
Jaipur
8 March 20XX
The collector
District of Jaipur
Sir
Sub: Frequent electricity failure during exam time.
With due respect, I would like to state that exams of schools are underway and the frequent
electricity failure during exam time spoils the year long labour of the students. It hinders
studies. The students are disturbed physically and mentally. It leaves a bad impact on their
progress.
The authorities of the state Electricity Board have been requested but all in vain.
Kindly, take immediate step to save the career of thousand of students.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Asha

5.Imagine that you are geeta living in Ajmer. Write an application to the Secretary, Board of
Secondary Education, Rajasthan, Ajmer to issue you a duplicate copy of Mark-Sheet
Ans.
157 Madar Gate
Ajmer
12 March 20XX
The secretary
Board of Sec. Education, Rajasthan
Ajmer
Sir
Sub: For issuing a Duplicate Copy of Mark-Sheet
Respectfully I beg to say that last Sunday I was going to my village by night bus. When I was
in a sound sleep my box was stolen. There were my clothes and mark-sheet in it. I need a
marksheet to seek admission in some others school. Kindly, issue me a duplicate copy of my
marksheet. My details are—
Examination : Secondary Exam, 20XX
Roll No. : 126754
Name : (Miss) Geeta
Father’s Name : Shri Bhola Ram
Centre : Maharaja Sr. Sec. School
I am sending herewith a Postal Order No.38765 for Rs.20/- as its fee. Please issue me the
duplicate copy of marksheet at the earliest.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Geeta

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6 Imagine that you are Siddhu, living at 20, Shastri Nagar, Jaipur. Write a letter to the Editor
of local newspaper on keeping Jaipur city clean.
Ans.
20, Shastri Nagar
Jaipur
11 March 20XX
The Dainik Bhaskar
J.L.M. Marg
Jaipur
Sir
Sub :Need for keeping Jaipur city clean.
Jaipur city is now an overpopulated place. Its big markets, multi-storyed residential as well as
office buildings, school and collages, hospitals and houses pose a gigantic challenge to the
municipal administration to keep the city clean. The challenge has to be met at all costs. The
need to keep the city clean can hardly be overemphasised. Public health has to be protected by
keeping private places clean. The present efforts by Jaipur Municipal Corporation to keep the
city clean must be boosted to meet the target.
Thanking you
Yours truly
Siddhu
2.You are Rajkumar Agarwal. Write a letter to the editor of local newspaper about the frequent
breakdown of the water supply in your locality.
Ans.
3/29 Mansarovar
Jaipur
15 March 20XX
The Editor
Dainik Bhaskar
Jaipur
Sir
Sub: Frequent breakdown of the water supply in Mansarovar(Jaipur)
I want to bring to kind notice of the authorities through your prestigious newspaper about the
irregular water supply of Mansarovar colony. Sometimes the supply of water is late and the
children have to go to school without taking a bath. Sometimes the water supplied is unfit for
drinking and small larvae can be seen swimming in it. This causes a great trouble to the people.
We hope the concerned authorities will look into the matter and take remedial steps.
Thanking truly
Rajkumar Agarwal
3.Write a letter to the monthly magazine India Today, New Delhi, about the successful online
teaching programme ‘SMILE’ by the Education Minister of Govt. of Rajasthan for the students
in Govt schools.
Ans.
Youth Hostel
Govt. Sr. Sec. School
Gatore
Jaipur
21May 20XX
The Editor
India Today
New Delhi
Sir
Sub.: Online teaching programme ‘SMILE’ for Govt. school students in Rajasthan.
Hon’ble Education Minister of Rajasthan has initiated the most visionary online teaching
programme 'SMILE’ (Social Media Interface for Learning Engagement) in the govt. schools of

102
 Rajasthan during the COVID-19 period.Students from class 1-12 are given video teaching of
their syllabus and verbal input on mobile. Student learn them and do homework and send it to
their subject teachers. Their homework is printed and kept as record in schools. Thus, the
students are able to keep their study continue. Parents and students are praising the minister.
Would you kindly publish it in your magazine.
Thanking You
Priti Gupta

1.Suppose you are Sumant/Sujata, a student of Govt. Secondary School, Jarkana. Write a letter to
the Headmaster of your school requesting him/her to allow you to play a friendly cricket match
(inter- class ) on the school playground. You are the caption of your term. You may use the
following points:
(i) Day and date along with time.
(ii)Requesting of staff .
(iii) Accessories you need.
Ans.
Cricket Captain
Cricket Team of Class X-A
Govt. Sr. Sec. School
Jarkana
Sir/madam
Sub : Asking for the permission to play a friendly cricket match (interclass) on the school
playground.
I beg to say that the Cricket teams of X-A and X-B want to play a friendly cricket match on the
school playground on the next Saturday 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. The Physically Education
Teacher of our school will be the Chief Referee.
Would you give your permission and oblige?
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Sumant/Sujata (Captain)

2.Write an application to the Headmaster of your school requesting him to exempt you from
submitting the project by 15 Nov. 20XX. Don’t forget to mention the reason.
Ans.
11 J.V. Colony
P.G. Road
Jodhpur
3Nov. 20XX
The Headmaster
Subodh Secondary School
Sitaramji Road
Jodhpur
Sir/madam
Sub: Submission of project Work of English Compulsory For class X
I, Ranjana Sharma Daughter of Mrs. and Mr. Rohan Sharma, Roll no. 51, Class X, am a student
of this school.
Having received written permission from your office, I am going to abroad with my family for
15 days. Would you permit me to submit my project work by 22 Nov.20XX.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Ranjana Sharma
3.Imagine you are Babita reading in a Govt. Secondary School, Pune. You are the monitor of
your class. Your studies suffered much in English and Mathematics as the teacher in the subject

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joined late. There was teacher’s strike also. You need extra coaching him to arrange extra
coaching for the class.
Ans.
48 Nehru Nagar
Pune
12 December 20XX
The Headmaster
Govt. Sec. School
Pune
Sir
Sub: To arrange Extra coaching class.
Respectfully I beg to say that our studies suffered much in English and Mathematics. The
teachers of these subject joined late. There was teacher’s strike also. Our examination are near.
We need extra coaching in these two subjects. Please arrange extra coaching for the subjects.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Babita
Monitor
Class X

Letter Writing
PERSONAL/INFORMAL LETTERS
[To friends, relatives and members of family]

Format of a Personal/Informal

Address.
125 Adarsh Nagar.
Ajmer Rajasthan.
Date:- 20th Apr,20_ _
Salutation:- My/Dear Friend./uncle/brother/sister/Father/mother
Opening lins:-
1. I am well/good here and hope the same for you…….
2. I am hale and hearty here and hope the same for you………
3. I am very glad to know about………….(congratulating ….)
4. I am very glad to inform………..
5. I am very sorry to hear about………..
Body of the letter
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Courteous end:- convey my best regards to dear uncle/aunt/brother/sister/ and love to (for kids)
Yours Loving/Affectionately/sincerely
Name&Sign

104
 Q1. Imagine that you are Kavita/Kunal reading in Govt. Senior Secondary
School Rampur.
Write a letter to your friend Rekha/Tanmay telling her/him about the ‘ Importance of yoga for
health’.
You may touch upon the following points-
(i)Maintains heath and fight from disease.
(ii)Keeps physically and mentally fit.
(iii)International yoga day
(iv)Regular practice.
Ans.
School Hostel
Govt. Sc. Sec. School
Rampur
10 March 20xx
Dear Rekha/Tanmay
Thanks for your letter. You wanted to know about the importance of yoga for health. It is as
under.
Yoga maintains health and fights diseases. It keeps us physically and mentally fit.
The UNO has declared 21 June as International Yoga Day. Regular yogic practice keeps us
healthy.
Rest is O.K.
Your loving friend
Kavita/Kunal

Q2.Yo are Zaara living in Pune. Your friend Radha has won a gold medal in English Debate
Competition. Write a letter to congratulate her. You may take help of the following points :
(i)How did you come to know about it?
(ii)Congratulate her on her success.
(iii)How does she feel about her achievement?
(iv)Good wishes for a bright future?
(v)Invite her for a visit to your place.
Ans.

21Nehru Nagar
Near Bus Stand
Pune
11 february 20xx
Dear Radha
I was extremely glad when your mother informed me that you had won a gold medal in the
state English Debate Competition has concluded recently.
I heartily congratulate you on your grand success.
'You deserve your achievement’ I feel so. You have developed your oratory skills superbly.
I express my heartfelt good wishes for your bright future.
I cordially invite you to visit Pune.
With kind regards to your parents.
Your loving friend
Zaara

Q3. You are Rakesh living in Jaipur. Your friend Anil has invited you to attend his younger
brother’s birthday party. Write a letter to him expressing your inability to attend the function.
You may touch the following point:

105
(i)Your annual exams are at hand.
(ii)it is a long way to go to attend the function.
(iii)Your mother too is not keeping well.
(iv)Your father mostly remains out of station.
(v)Send your good wishes.
Ans
11 Sanjiv Nagar
Ajmer Road
Jaipur
21 Feb. 20xx
Dear Anil
Thanks a lot your cordial invitation to attend your younger brother’s ‘Birthday Party’ on 21
March 20xx at 6:00 p.m. and ownwards at hotel Five Star, Pichhola Lake, Udaipur.
I with my family pray to the supreme God to bless your brother on his pious ‘Birthday’.
I do hope, you won’t mind my inability to attend the function owing to the following reason.
My annual exams are at hand. It is a long way to go to attend the function. My mother too is
not keeping well. My father mostly remains out of station.
Once again I send my good wishes
Your loving friend
Rakesh
Q4. Imagine that you are Nikhilesh living in Govt. Hostel, Jaipur. Write a letter to your father
requesting him for the permission to go for a historical tour. You upon the following points:
(i)The place where will you go.
(ii)Duration of the tour.
(iii)How much money do you need?
(iv)Who are going with you on the tour?
Ans.
21Nehru Nagar
Kota
10 December 20XX
My dear father
I am happy here. Our school is going to organise a historical (educational) tour. About thirty
students and two teachers will go for the tour during the winter vacation. It is ten day’s tour.
We shall leave Kota on 21st December. We shall visit Udaipur, Mt. Abu, Ajmer, Jodhpur and
Jaipur. All my friends are going for this tour. It will give us good historical knowledge about
these places.
So, please, allow me to go for this tour. I need one thousand rupee to join this tour. Expect
you will send me the needful amount with your permission to join the tour.
Please, convey my regards to my respectable mother and love to Kamala.
With regards
Your loving son
Nikhilesh
Q5.Imagineyou are Vineet living in Baroda. Your aunt sent you a dictionary as a birthday gift.
Write a letter to her to thank for the gift. You may touch upon the following :
(i)Thanks for the gift.
(ii)How you celebrated your birthday ?
(iv)The useful the gift.
Ans.
58 Ram Nagar
Air Port
Baroda
27 March 20XX
My Dear Aunt

106
 Thanks a lot for sending a dictionary as my birthday gift. I celebrated my birthday by lighting
fifteen candle-sticks. All the friends and relatives were invited. Music, dance and sumptuous
dishes were the attraction. The party was over at 11:00 p.m.
I received many gifts. But the dictionary, you sent is the best. Your precious gift is most
useful for me because I can find meaning of difficult words and correct pronunciation.
Thanks, once again for this useful gift
With kind regards
Your loving nephew
Vineet

E-Mail [Electronic- Mail]

To [email protected]
CC
Bcc
Subject
Text The message
composition
window
1. Write an email to your Principal informing about the incompletion of the course of Maths and
Science. You are Sanjay/Simmi.
Ans.
To [email protected]
Cc
Bcc
Subject Course of Maths and Science are
incomplete
Sir
With due respect I, the monitor of
class X state that the course of
Maths and Science are incomplete
Exams are at hand. Please take
necessary steps, for the completion
of the syllabus so that there
shouldn't be negative impact on
the performance of the student.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Sanjay/Simmi
Monitor
Class X

107
2.You are Parul of X class. Write an email to your father to send ₹700/- for Board Exam. Fee
.The email address is [email protected].
Ans.

To [email protected]
CC
Bcc
Subject To send ₹700/- for Board Exam
Fee
My dear Father
I am well and healthy here and
hope you to be the same there.
I need ₹700/- for Board Exam.
Fee. Please transfer it using
mobile banking.
Please, convey my best regards
to mom.
Your loving daughter
Parul
3.Write letter to the editor of the times of India expressing your views on the importance of
computer education is our life. E-mail your letter at [email protected]

To [email protected]
CC
Bcc
Subj Importance of computer Education
ect
Sir
Now it is an age of computer. It has occupied an
importance place in every field of our life. Providing
computer education to children is now a necessity.
Without computer literacy, the progress is likely to be
very slow. Machinery saves our manual labour but
computers save our mental labour. They store thoughts
in such a way that they can be revived again. Thus our
mind will have to make little efforts to store knowledge
and facts. Until late computer have not reached all
children. So some parents feel that many school children
will be ignorant because of storage in the facilities of
computers. Let the government, social organisations and
reach individuals come forward to enable every child to
have an access to computers. It will help the country to
have its rapid progress.
Thanking you
Yours truly
Rani Kumari
4.You are Geeta of X class. Write an Email to the monthly magazine India Today about the
precautions against COVID-19. The Email Address is [email protected]

108
Ans:

To [email protected]
CC
Bcc
Subject Precautions against COVID-19
Sir
Through your famous monthly
magazine I would like to draw
the attention of the people to
precautions against COVID-19.
The following three precautions
will save people from COVID-
19.
1.Physical distancing
2.Masking
3.Sanitaization
Please do publish in your
magazine.
Yours Truly
Geeta

5.You are Asha/Anshu of Government Sr. Sec. School, Ajmer. Write a formal e-mail to the
Headmaster of your school at [email protected] requesting to arrange a lecture on ‘How
to Use Computers’.
To [email protected]
Cc
Bcc
Subject For arranging a lecture on
How to Use Computers
Sir/Madam
Almost every student of our
school uses computer but she
or he faces many problems in
its use. That’s Why many of
our school computers become
faulty. Therefore, You are
implored to arrange a lecture
on ‘How to Use Computers’. It
will help the students and the
school.
Thanking You
Yours obediently
Asha/Anshu

109
 STORY WRITING
Write a story using the outline of the story given below. Assign a suitable title and moral to it.
1. Two friends and a bear
Two friends -------- a bear after them --------- one climb a tree --------- the other can't ----------
he lies on ground with bated breathe --------- the bear smells him and leaves --------- the first
friend asks ---------- what the bear did---------- the reply------ you have a false friend

Once there were two friends. They were roaming in a forest when a bear came after them.
One of the friend climbs a tree whereas the other can't .He asks the other friend for the help
but he didn't. So the second friend lies over the ground and stops the breath so that the bear
can think he's dead. And so it was. The bear smells him and leave. When the boy on the tree
comes down and ask what the bear did he replies 'the bear said that you have a false friend
that left you alone to the bear'
Moral: Never trust false friends

2. The Elephant and the Tailor

Elephant in a village ………….. went for a bath to the river every day ………….. passed a
tailor’s shop ………….. tailor gave him something to eat ………….. one day tailor has a
fight with a customer ………….. pricks elephant’s trunk with a needle instead of giving him
food ………….. elephant fills water in his trunk ………….. spoils tailor’s stitched
clothes ………….. tailor sorry ………….. moral.

Once a elephant lived in a village. He got in friendship with a tailor. The elephant used to go
to a river for a bath. After drinking water and taking a bath it would pass by a tailor’s shop
and the tailor would give it something to eat. One day the tailor was in angry mood. Instead of
giving anything to eat, he pricked the elephant’s trunk with his needle. The elephant felt pain.
He made up his mind to teach a tailor a lesson. He went to the river, had his bath and then
filled up its trunk with muddy water. He stopped at the tailor’s shop and throw in all the
muddy water on the garments in the shop. The clothes were spoiled with mud. The tailor
suffered a great loss. He felt sad for his misdeed. But it was too late.
Moral: tit for tat

3. The Cap seller and the Monkeys

A cap seller ……. bundle of caps ………. sleeps under a tree…… monkeys ………. Take
away caps…….. cap seller wakes ……… no caps ……… looks up…….. some monkeys
………. wearing caps ………… thinks of a plan ……. put on his cap ………… monkeys
copy him ………. he throws his cap ……….. the monkeys also throw ………. gathers the
caps.

Once upon a time there was a cap seller. He went form village to village to sell his caps. He
passed through a forest. He was tired. He put down his bundle of caps and slept under a tree.
There were many monkeys in the tree. They came down. They took away the caps from the
bag.
After some time the cap seller woke up. He saw that there was no cap in the bag. He looked
up. He saw the monkeys with his caps. He thought of a plan he put on his cap. The monkeys
imitated. They put on the caps. Now he took of his cap. The monkeys did the same. He threw
his cap to the ground. The monkeys also did the same. He collected his caps. He went away.

110
Moral : Never lose heart.
4. The Bad Company

Son falls into bad company…………. disobeys his parents ………… loses interest in studies
………… father decides to bring the son back to the right path ………… gives him a few
apples ………… places a rotten apple among the good ones ………… after a few days the
good apples also become rotten ………… son understands that one rotten apple spoils all the
apples ………… tries to mend his ways ………… gets transformed………… moral.

A boy fell into a bad company. He father was very sad. He asked his son to give up the bad
company. But the boy said that his friends could not spoil him. He would make them good
boys. One day his father give him few good apples and a rotten one. He asked his son to put
all the good apple in a basket. He then asked him to put the rotten apple in the basket.

Next morning, he asked his son to bring the basket of apples. His son brought it. His son was
sorry to see that all the apples were spoiled. His father showed him that one rotten apple
spoiled all the good apples. The boy realised his mistake. He gave up the bad company

Moral: Bad company spoils the man

5. A Lion and A Mouse

A loin ……….. asleep ……….. a mouse ……….. jumps upon him …….. the lion an angry
……… catches it ………. ready to kill………… begs for mercy ………. lets go off ……….
lion caught in a net …………. a roars …………. the mouse ………. cuts the net ………. lion
is free ………. kindness ……….. thanks.

Once a lion was sleeping under tree. Suddenly a mouse came there. It began to jump upon the
body of lion. The lion woke up. He was very angry. He caught the mouse and was ready to
kill it. The mouse bagged for mercy. The lion was kind. He relieved the mouse.

After some days the lion was caught in the net. He tried to break the net. But the net was very
strong so he couldn’t come out. He roared again and again. The mouse the roars. It ran to the
lion. It cut the net with its sharp teeth. The lion came out of the net. He was now free. He
thanked the mouse.

Moral: Do good and get good

111
 Short Writing Task with Visual aid

Write a paragraph in about 75 words using a visual aid shown in a picture.

1).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 at Rameshwaram in
Tamil Nadu. APJ Abdul Kalam has been a great scientist of India. He has also served as the
11th Indian President. He was also famous as Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. People consider him the
‘Rocket Man of India’. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was a significant believer of ‘Simple Living
High Thinking’. He achieved the highest civilian award of India, The Bharat Ratna.

Sir Abdul Kalam has faced numerous problems throughout his life. His youth was full of
struggles, and he wanted to become a fighter pilot. He was firm on his hard work and
commitment and he, at last, turned into a famous scientist of India. His life is a motivation for
us.

2).

CHILD LABOUR

112
 Child labour in India is a human right issue for the whole world. According to the statistics
given by Indian government there are 20 million child labours in the country. The
Government of India has tried to take some steps to lesson the problem of child labour in
recent years by invoking a law that makes the employment
of children below 14 illegal, except in family owned enterprises. However this law is rarely
adhered to due to practical difficulties. In villages there is no low implementing mechanism
and any corrective action for commercial enterprises violating these laws is almost absent.

(3)

Traffic Jam :A Problem

Today everybody uses his / her on personal vehicle for going one place to another .It causes
heavy traffic on the road .The condition becomes very diplorable when everybody makes
haste. While doing so people do not follow traffic rules it causes
traffic jam . we should use public vehicles as much as possible .The persons who are going to
the same direction can follow carpooling.

4).

113
 Importance Of Cleanliness

The given visual inspires us to keep our surroundings clean and tells us about diseases caused
by water .To keep our body healthy and mind fresh we must keep our surroundings clean .So
many diseases are caused by water .It can cause diseases in both ways -by drinking and water
logging. We must drink clean water to keep us free from disease .Stagnant water causes
diseases like dengue ,malaria, chikungunya, zika viral etc. So we must not let water log in our
surroundings.

Paragraph Writing

1).Good Health Habits -:

It is rightly said that the health is the first pleasure in the world. A healthy minds lives in a
healthy body A healthy person lives cheerful and composed in his life .For this we should
adopt some healthy habits. We should take nutritional food. It will help us in keeping healthy.
We should get up early in the morning We should take morning walk and exercise daily
.Yoga helps in preventing many diseases and keeps us fit and healthy . If we want to remain
fit and healthy, we should spare sometime for our body.

2).How I Cleaned School Campus -:

During the rainy season glass and bushes have grown up in my school ground. To check the
spread of any epidemic the principal and staff of my school decided to clean the campus of
my school. I am the monitor of my class .First I divided the whole class in 5 groups. Every
group was assigned different work. One group to spades and cut bushes. One group collected
dry grass and weeds and burnt them. Other group mowed the grass. One group sprinkled
pesticide. In this way we clean the campus of our school. Everybody praised our work.

3).Mobile Phones -:
Nobody has thought of that one day the mobile phone will become an essential part of our
life.We can talk to anybody whenever and wherever we want.In the same way any person can
also talk to us.It has been very helpful in many critical situations in getting help.Today in
addition to talking we can do a lot of things on a mobile.We can do internet browsing ,surfing,
downloading ,uploading, video conferencing etc. We can also watch TV programmes .It has
become a mini computer thus it has become a multipurpose instrument.

4).Pollution -:
How man is polluting the environment nowadays .The air is being polluted by the harmful
emission of smokes from vehicles and chimneys at factories, millsor workshops etc .It causes
many diseases like asthma ,eye-flu, headache etc.Noise pollution is caused by unwanted
sounds coming out of machines of factories, musical instruments, loudspeakers etc. Water is
polluted by the waste of industries and human.There are three things that can help to tackle
the problem -education, law and economics.

BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION, RAJASTHAN

AJMER MODEL PAPER EXAM.-2023
CLASS – 10
ENGLISH (02)
Time :- 3 Hours 15 Min. Marks :- 80
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO THE EXAMINEES :
1. Candidate must write first his/her Roll No. on the question paper compulsorily.
2. All the questions are compulsory.
3. Write the answer to each question in the given answer book only.

114
 4. Forquestions having more than one part the answers to those parts are to be
written together in continuity.

SECTION – A
(Reading)
1. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below :
These days, it is not unusual to see people listening to music or using their electric gadgets while
crossing busy roads or travelling on public transports, regardless of the risks involved. I have often
wondered why they take such risks, is it because they want to exude a sense of independence or is it
that they want to tell the world to stop bothering them? Or is it that they just want to show how
cool they are? Whether it is a workman or an executive, earphones have become an inseparable
part of our lives, sometimes even leading to tragicomic situations.
The other day, an electrician had come to our house to fix something. We told him in detail what
needed to be done. But after he left, I found that the man had done almost nothing. It later turned
out that he could not hear our directions clearly because he had an ear phone on hundreds of such
earphones addicts commute by the Delhi Metro every day. While one should not be grudge
anyone, their moments of privacy or their love for music, the fact is 'iPOD oblivion' can sometime
be very dangerous.
Recently, I was travelling with my wife on the Delhi Metro. Since the train was approaching the
last station, there weren't too many passengers. In our compartment, other than us, there were only
two women sitting on the other side of the aisle. And then suddenly I spotted a duffel bag. When
we tried to stop him, he looked at us. The bomb scare lasted for several minutes. Then suddenly, a
youth emerged from nowhere and picked up the bag. When we tried to stop him, he looked at us,
surprised. Then he took off his ear pieces, lifted the bag and told as that the bag belonged to him
and that he was going to get off at the next station. We were stunned but recovered in time to ask
him where he was all this while. His answer; he was in the compartment, leaning against the door
totally immersed in the music. He had no clue about what was going on around him. When he got
off, earplugs in his hand, we could hear strains of the song.
1. What is not an unusual to see these days ? 1 (A) listening to music (B) using electronic
gadgets
(C) Both A & B (D) None
2. Who came to our house to fix something ? 1
(A) an electrician (B) a teacher
(C) a doctor (D) a boy
3. What happened when the electrician went ? 1 4. Who was in the compartment ? 1 5. Write
similar word of the following from the passage :- 1 Satchel bag------------------------------------------
--------------------------
6. Write opposite word of the following from the passage:- 1 formerly ---------------------------------
-----------------------
2. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below :
Frankness may be among the most overrated of virtues! And here's why, because unrestricted and
unfiltered frankness is a recipe for breaking relationships, even the closest ones. Such frankness is
understandable, acceptable and even 'cute' only in children under the age of five.
Thinking before one speaks and using restraint are hallmarks of growing maturity and, preparation
for life. Learning to put a filter between thought and spoken Word (and, even more importantly,

115
 written word) is an important life skill. Think is a popular acronym for True, Helpful, Inspiring,
Necessary and Kind. This would do wonderfully well as a filter in our minds.
It is good to speak what's true, but only along with the other attributes in the acronym, particularly
the last one, Kindness. In the righteous glow of speaking what we see as the truth, we often to be
kind. We blurt out 'truths' even when it is totally unhelpful and unnecessary to do so, let alone
inspiring ! Too often, such truth - telling is destructive rather than noble. Only those who do not
care about the consequences can afford the luxury of 'speaking their minds' whenever and
wherever they please. when relationships are at stake, it is essential to choose the time, place and
words appropriately when imparting unpleasant truths. And even then, Only when absolutely
necessary and with the utmost kindness.
Speaking without forethought can be even more dangerous in other circumstances, for example,
when someone has entrusted us with a secret. A sign of maturity is the ability to keep a secret.
Very young children are incapable of understanding the concept of a secret. To them every piece of
information is interesting, new and meant to be shared. As we grow older, we all learn how to keep
a secret.
(i) Unfiltered frankness is a recipe for : 1 (A) breaking relationship (B) making relationship
(C) increasing relationship (D) decreasing relationship
(ii) Hallmarks of growing maturity are : 1 (A) Thinking before one speaks (B) using restraint
(C) Both A & B (D) none
(iii) Learning to put a filter between ............... and spoken word is an important life skill. 1 (A)
thought (B) writing
(C) reading (D) listening
(iv) What can filter our minds? 1 (v) What is good to speak ? 1 (vi) When do we blurt out "truths
?1
(vii) When is it good to speak true ? 1 (viii) Write similar word of the following from the passage :
1 result ---------------------------------------------------------- (ix) Write opposite word of the
following from the passage : 1 helpful --------------------------------------------------------

SECTION - B
(Writing)
3. Imagine that you are the captain of your school volleyball team. You want to take part into the district
level tournament to be held in Maharana. Pratap Secondary School, Beawar. Write an application to
the Principal of your school requesting him to allow you to take part in the tournament. 5
OR
You are Mona/Manish. Write an e-mail to the editor of a newspaper complaining about insanitary
condition in your locality.
4. Write a story with the help of given outlines in about (80-100) words. Give the title and moral to
it. 4
A good boy................. falls in bad company....................... disobeys............ father advises to
shun...................... all in vain................... decides to teach a lesson....................... brings
apples.......................... puts them in almirah............................. notices one soften apple.....................
next day all apples rotten......................... teaches a lesson.
OR
A thief caught.................. brought before the king.................. the king orders him to
hang.........thief................. clever.............says ........................ a secret.............. true with golden
fruit............... king interested....................... thief prepares small pellets of gold................. tells the
king sown by one..... never stolen anything.

116
 5. Write a paragraph of about 75 words using the visual aid provided : 4

OR
Write a paragraph on "My Favourite T
Teacher' in about 80-100 words.

SECTION - C
(GRAMMAR)
6. Choose the correct form of the verbs : 1 (i) I .................(go) to Jaipur yesterday.
(A) went (B) go
(C) have gone (D) had gone
(ii) He usually............... (take) breakfast at 8 a.m. 1 (A) takes (B) took
(C) has taken (D) will take
(iii) We .................(study) in this school for three years. 1 (A) will study (B) have studied
(C) am studying (D) have been studying
(iv) The train...................... (leave) bbefore I reached. 1 (A) left (B) had left
(C) was leaving (D) had been leaving
7. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.
(i) Archi said to me, "I respect you". 1 (ii) Sid said to me, " Do you learn English?" 1 8. Rewrite
the following
wing sentences using connectives in the brackets :
(i) It is very cold. We can't go out. (too
(too-to) 1 (ii) He sells mangoes. He sells oranges. (both-and)
(both 1
(iii) She is very small. She cannot lift it. (so
(so-that) 1 9. Join the following sentences using the
relative Pronoun, given in the brackets :
(i) The boy is going on the road (whose) 1 His father gave you this letter.
(ii) The boy was awarded. (who) 1 He was honest.
10. Change the following sentences into Passive
Passive-Voices,
(i) Prateek will write a letter 1 (ii) Please open your book. 1 11. (i) Frame question of the
following sentence:
How ......................................................
I crossed the river by boat. 1 (ii) Add Question Tag to the statement given below.
Mohan
ohan will go to school........................? 1

117
 SECTION - D
(TEXT BOOK)
12. Read the passage given below and answers given below :
Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread known as the bol, just as a party or a feast
loses its charm without bread. Not enough can be said to show how important a baker can be for a
village. The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter's
engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other festivals. Thus, the
presence of the baker's furnace in the village is absolutely essential.
The baker or bread-seller of those days had a peculiar dress known as the Kabai. It was a single-
piece long frock reaching down to the knee. In our childhood we saw bakers wearing a shirt and
trousers which were shorter than full length ones and longer than half pants. Even today, anyone
who wears a half pant which reaches just below the knees invites the comment that he is dressed
like a pader.
(i) Sweet bread is known as : 1 (A) bol (B) pol
(c) dol (D) roll
(ii) ....................of the house must prepare sandwiches: 1 (A) Lady (B) Maid
(C) Daughter (D) Master
(iii) What is must for Christmas. 1 (iv) What is Kabai? 1 (v) Find out the word from the passage
which means : 1 Presents ---------------------------------------------------
(vi) Find out the word from the passage which has opposite meaning of : 1 Sour ---------------------
--------------------
13. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below :
"The moon was coming up in the east, behind me and stars were shining in the clear sky above
me. There wasn't a cloud in the sky above me. There was not a cloud in the sky. I was happy to be
alone high up above the sleeping countryside, flying my old Dakota aeroplane over France back to
England. I was dreaming of my holiday and looking forward to being with my family. I looked at
my watch: one thirty in the morning.
'I should call Paris Control soon' I thought. As I looked down past the nose of the aeroplane. I saw
the lights of a big city in front of me. I switched on the radio and said, "Paris Control, Dakota DS
088 here. Can you hear me? I am on my way to England Over".
(i) The moon was coming up in the................................... 1 (A) east (B) west
(C) south (D) north
(ii) The stars were shining in the .................... 1 (A) sky (B) room

(C) school (D) house

(iii) Why was the writer happy? 1 (iv) What was the writer flying? 1 (v) Write the similar word

of the following, from the passage: 1 rest ------------------------------------------------------------------

(vi) Write the opposite word of the following, from the passage: 1 dull --------------------------------

---------------------------------

14. Answer any one of the following questions in 70-80 words :

Why does the writer go to Basra? How long does he wait there and why ? [Mijbil the Otter] 5

OR

Write the character sketch of Wanda. [The Hundred Dresses]

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15. Answer any one of the following questions in 20-30 words :

Write the character, which you like most in the play, [The Proposal] 2

OR

Can you imagine what can happen with Lomov in other way in the play after quarrel with Natalya?

[The Proposal]

16. Explain any one of the following stanzas with reference to the context 1x4=4

Some say the world will end in ice.

from what I've tasted of desire.

I hold with those who favour fire..

OR

The way a crow

Shook down on me

The dust of snow.

From a hemlock tree.

17. Answer any two of the following questions in about 20-30 words : 2x2=4

(i) What are the trees in the poem, 'The Tree'? [The Tree]

(ii) Write the identity of crocodiles? [How to Tell Wild Animals]

(iii) What does crow symbolise? [Dust of Snow]

18. Choose the correct answer :

(i) ................is the writer of "A Question of Trust? [A question of trust] 1

(A) Victor Canning (B) H.G. Wells

(C) Robert W. Peterson (D) None

( ii) What is the name of the dog in the lesson namely 'A Triumph of Surgery'? 1

(A) Tricki (B) Hello

(C) Tripi (D)Tommy

19. Answer any one of the following questions. in about 60 words: 1x4=4

(i) "Griffin was rather a lawless person' explain. [Footprints without Feet]

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(ii) What is DNA fingerprinting & what are its uses? [The Making Of A Scientist)

20. Answer any two out of three following questions in 20-30 words. 2x2=4

(i) What was the problem of Name. Loisel? [The Necklace]

(ii) How is Ausable different from other secret agents? [The Midnight Visitor]

(iii) How does Anil think about the thief ? [The Thief's Story]

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