MELC2 Using Knowledge of Text Sructure To Glean Information

Using Knowledge of
Text Structure to
Glean Information
Prepared by: Ma’am Syralyn Ann Sanchez
Let us Pray
Class Rules
• Respect your teachers
and classmates.
• Stay focused and disciplined.
• Participate actively.
• Don’t hesitate to ask questions
on things you don’t understand.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
• identify the structure of academic text;
• differentiate structures of academic text;
• create an academic text that can be applied to a
text structure;
• understand what Critical Reading Strategies are;
and
• apply knowledge of Critical Reading Strategies
What is Text Structure???
• Text structure refers to organization of
information in a passage.
What is Text
Structure???
COMMON TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE
Spatial or Cause and Comparison

Description Effect and Contrast
Chronological Problem-
Order Solution
Spatial or Description
•gives
It a reader a detailed feature that creates
a picture on his/her mind about a topic.
Even if narration
Spatial It can style of writing is
Spatial organization is
organization also be usually arranged
when information in a
can also be used in chronologically, if the
passage is organized
called as fiction author is describing a
in order of space or
descriptive and non setting of a certain
location.
writing. fiction scene, the author is
describing it spatially.
Example:
• Volcanoes can be a source of fear and destruction.
Even though volcanoes are like pressure valve in the
inner earth, they are very beautiful sights. One of
the parts of the volcanoes that cannot be seen all
the time is its magma chamber. It is beneath the
earth’s bedrock and is very hot. Conduit is the one
that runs from the magma chamber to the crater,
which can be seen at the top of the volcano. The
crater is where the magma exits. Volcanoes are very
scenic yet very dangerous.
Cause and Effect
presents the relationship between specific
events, ideas, or concepts.
It can be cause to effect wherein it

explains why something happened and
the effect of it.
It can be also effect to cause wherein it

explains the result of things that
happened and its reasons.
Example
• Many people think that they can acquire
illness by going into cold weather improperly
dressed. However, illnesses are not caused by
temperature. They are caused by germs. So,
trembling outside in the cold probably won’t
strengthen your immune system, but you are
more likely to acquire illness outdoors
because you will greatly be exposed to
germs.
• In the previous example, the
paragraph explains how germs cause
illnesses. The germs are the cause in
the paragraph and the illness is the
effect.
Here is another example of a paragraph that is
written using the cause and effect text structure:
• Students are prohibited to chew gum in my class. While
other students think that I am just being mean, I have a lot
of good reasons for this rule. First, there are some
irresponsible students who can make messes with their
gums. Students may leave them on the bottoms of desks,
drop them on the floor, or put them on other people’s
property. Another reason why I don’t allow students to
chew gum is because it can be a source of distraction while
listening, reading, writing and learning. When they are
allowed to chew gum, students are more worried about
having it, popping it, chewing it, and snapping it. This is
why I don’t allow students to chew gum in my class.
• Identifying a text written using the cause and
effect pattern of organization can be tricky.
Though stories are arranged chronologically,
Cause and Effect pattern is only organized by
the time an event happened that has causal
relationship. Contrarily, cause and effect
passages usually focus on explaining the
reason why something occurs or occurred.
Signal Words for Cause and Effect
• Because
• as a result
• resulted
• caused
• affected
• since
• due to
• effect
Comparison and Contrast
• gives the similarities and differences between
two or more people, events, concepts, ideas,
and the like.
• Comparison and Contrast is a text structure

or pattern of organization that discusses
similarities and differences.
• You should bear in mind that this kind of

structure should discuss both comparing
(similarities) and contrasting (differences).
• Here are some signal words
that may indicate that the
text is written using the
compare and contrast
organizational pattern: like,
unlike, both, neither, similar,
and different.
Example
• Mangoes and durians are both fruits.
They both have seeds inside of them.
Each has a skin, but durian skins are thick
and difficult to peel. Mango skins are
thinner and peel easily. Durians have
distinct stench while mangoes have
sweet smell, but both fruits are delicious.
Chronological Order
Chronological order explains a text by the time an
event occurs. Chrono means time and logic
means order. The events occur along a timeline
even if the author uses flashbacks, or flash
forwards
All stories are organized chronologically, therefore,

every story has a beginning, middle and end .
Non-fiction stories organized chronologically usually

contain dates while fiction passages or narratives
usually have no dates.
Example
• This morning was pretty crazy. I woke up really
late because of wrong setting of my alarm. It
was set PM instead of AM. I just wore any
clothes and ran out the door. I rode my bike as
fast as I could with the thought that I was going
to be late for sure, but when I got there
everyone was outside and there were fire trucks
all lined up in front of school. I guess somebody
pulled the fire alarm before class started. It
worked out though, because nobody really
noticed or minded that I was tardy.
Problem-Solution
Problem – This type of text is
mentions a
Solution is a usually interchanged
problem or
pattern of with cause and
problems,
organization effect type of
identifies
that explains a structure but the
some possible
problem or only thing that they
solutions and
issue and an should remember is
discusses the
attempted that cause and effect
effect of the
solution in the text structure do not
solution
issue. offer a solution
This mentions a problem and then

offers a solution plus the possible
effect of a solution
Example
Bullying has been prevalent these days. These
encounters make it hard for children to
develop confidence and high self-esteem.
Fortunately, bullying has been noticed and is
being addressed by many sectors of the
community. However, these efforts are not
enough. The most effective way to stop
bullying is by nurturing and inculcating good
manners and right conduct within families.
• Activity 2.2 Directions. Read and analyze the
paragraph in each number. Fill out the given
graphic organizers with the correct
information based on the given paragraph.
THANK YOU!!!

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Using Knowledge of

Spatial or Cause and Comparison

It can be cause to effect wherein it

It can be also effect to cause wherein it

• Comparison and Contrast is a text structure

• You should bear in mind that this kind of

All stories are organized chronologically, therefore,

Non-fiction stories organized chronologically usually

This mentions a problem and then

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