COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Year of
CST COMPUTER Category L T P Credit
Introduction
303 NETWORKS
PCC 3 1 0 4 2019

Preamble: Study of this course provides the learners a clear understanding of how computer
networks from local area networks to the massive and global Internet are built, how they allow
computers to share information and communicate with one another. This course covers the
physical aspects of computer networks, layers of OSI Reference model, and inter-networking.
The course helps the learners to compare and analyze the existing network technologies and
choose a suitable network design for a given system.

Prerequisite: Nil

Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course, the student will be able to

CO# Course Outcomes

Explain the features of computer networks, protocols, and network design

CO1 models (Cognitive Knowledge: Understand)

Describe the fundamental characteristics of the physical layer and identify the
CO2 usage in network communication (Cognitive Knowledge: Apply)

Explain the design issues of data link layer, link layer protocols, bridges and
CO3 switches (Cognitive Knowledge: Understand)

Illustrate wired LAN protocols (IEEE 802.3) and wireless LAN protocols (IEEE
CO4 802.11) (Cognitive Knowledge: Understand)

Select appropriate routing algorithms, congestion control techniques, and

CO5 Quality of Service requirements for a network (Cognitive Knowledge: Apply)

CO6 Illustrate the functions and protocols of the network layer, transport layer, and
application layer in inter-networking (Cognitive Knowledge: Understand)

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Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO1
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO12
1

CO1

CO2

CO3

CO4

CO5

CO6

Abstract POs defined by National Board of Accreditation

PO# Broad PO PO# Broad PO

PO1 Engineering Knowledge PO7 Environment and Sustainability

PO2 Problem Analysis PO8 Ethics

PO3 Design/Development of solutions PO9 Individual and teamwork

Conduct investigations of complex

PO4 PO10 Communication
problems

PO5 Modern tool usage PO11 Project Management and Finance

PO6 The Engineer and Society PO12 Lifelong learning

Assessment Pattern

End Semester
Test 1 (Marks in Test 2 (Marks
Bloom’s Category Examination (Marks in
percentage) in percentage)
percentage)

Remember 40 30 30

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Understand 50 50 50

Apply 10 20 20

Analyze

Evaluate

Create

Mark Distribution

ESE
Total Marks CIE Marks ESE Marks
Duration

150 50 100 3

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test : 25 marks
Continuous Assessment Assignment : 15 marks

Internal Examination Pattern:

Each of the two internal examinations has to be conducted out of 50 marks. The first series test
shall be preferably conducted after completing the first half of the syllabus. The second series
test shall be preferably conducted after completing the remaining part of the syllabus. There
will be two parts: Part A and Part B. Part A contains 5 questions (preferably, 2 questions each
from the completed modules and 1 question from the partly completed module), having 3
marks for each question adding up to 15 marks for part A. Students should answer all questions
from Part A. Part B contains 7 questions (preferably, 3 questions each from the completed
modules and 1 question from the partly completed module), each with 7 marks. Out of the 7
questions, a student should answer any 5.

End Semester Examination Pattern:

There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contains 10 questions with 2 questions from
each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should answer all questions. Part B
contains 2 questions from each module of which a student should answer anyone. Each
question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carries 14 marks.

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Syllabus

Module - 1 (Introduction and Physical Layer)

Introduction – Uses of computer networks, Network hardware, Network software. Reference

models – The OSI reference model, The TCP/IP reference model, Comparison of OSI and
TCP/IP reference models.

Physical Layer – Modes of communication, Physical topologies, Signal encoding, Repeaters and
hub, Transmission media overview. Performance indicators – Bandwidth, Throughput, Latency,
Queuing time, Bandwidth–Delay product.

Module - 2 (Data Link Layer)

Data link layer - Data link layer design issues, Error detection and correction, Sliding window
protocols, High-Level Data Link Control(HDLC)protocol. Medium Access Control (MAC)
sublayer –Channel allocation problem, Multiple access protocols, Ethernet, Wireless LANs -
802.11, Bridges & switches - Bridges from 802.x to 802.y, Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches,
Routers and Gateways.

Module - 3 (Network Layer)

Network layer design issues. Routing algorithms - The Optimality Principle, Shortest path
routing, Flooding, Distance Vector Routing, Link State Routing, Multicast routing, Routing for
mobile hosts. Congestion control algorithms. Quality of Service (QoS) - requirements,
Techniques for achieving good QoS.

Module - 4 (Network Layer in the Internet)

IP protocol, IP addresses, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), Address Resolution

Protocol (ARP), Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP),
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Open Shortest Path First(OSPF) Protocol,
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Internet multicasting, IPv6, ICMPv6.

Module – 5 (Transport Layer and Application Layer)

Transport service – Services provided to the upper layers, Transport service primitives. User
Datagram Protocol (UDP). Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Overview of TCP, TCP
segment header, Connection establishment &release, Connection management modeling, TCP
retransmission policy, TCP congestion control.

Application Layer –File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Domain Name System (DNS), Electronic
mail, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME), Simple Network Management Protocol

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(SNMP), World Wide Web(WWW) – Architectural overview.

Text Books

1. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4/e, PHI (Prentice Hall India).

2. Behrouz A Forouzan, Data Communication and Networking, 4/e, Tata McGraw Hill

Reference Books
1. Larry L Peterson and Bruce S Dave, Computer Networks – A Systems Approach, 5/e,
Morgan Kaufmann.
2. Fred Halsall, Computer Networking and the Internet, 5/e.
3. James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6/e.
4. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks, Addison Wesley, 1998.
5. W. Richard Stevens. TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1, Addison-Wesley, 2005.
6. William Stallings, Computer Networking with Internet Protocols, Prentice-Hall, 2004.
7. Request for Comments (RFC) Pages - IETF -https://www.ietf.org/rfc.html

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome1 (CO1)

1. Compare TCP/IP and OSI reference model.
2. The purpose of physical layer is to transport a raw bit stream from one machine to
another. Justify.
Course Outcome2 (CO2)
1. Write the physical and transmission characteristics of Optical Fibre Cable guided
transmission media.
2. The distance between the sender and receiver systems is about 200 KM. The speed of
transmission is 2GB/s. Find out the propagation time?
Course Outcome3 (CO3)
1. Ethernet frames must be at least 64 bytes long to ensure that the transmitter is still going
in the event of a collision at the far end of the cable. Fast Ethernet has the same 64-byte
minimum frame size but can get the bits out ten times faster. How is it possible to
maintain the same minimum frame size?
2. What do you mean by bit stuffing?
Course Outcome4 (CO4)
1. Draw and explain the frame format for Ethernet.
2. Give the differences between CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocol.
Course Outcome5 (CO5)
1. Consider the given subnet in which distance vector routing is used, and the vectors just
come in to router C as follows: from B: (5, 0, 8, 12, 6, 2); from D: (16, 12, 6, 0, 9, 10);

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and from E: (7, 6, 3, 9, 0, 4). The measured delays from C to B, D, and E, are 6, 3, and
5, respectively. What is C’s new routing table? Give both the outgoing line to use and
the expected delay.

2. Illustrate the leaky bucket congestion control technique.

Course Outcome 6 (CO6)
1. How do you subnet the Class C IP Address 206.16.2.0 so as to have 30 subnets. What
is the subnet mask for the maximum number of hosts? How many hosts can each
subnet have?
2. Give the architecture of World Wide Web.

Model Question Paper

QP CODE: PAGES:
___
Reg No:_______________
Name:_________________
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
FIFTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR
Course Code: CST 303
Course Name : Computer Networks
Max Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART-A
(Answer All Questions. Each question carries 3 marks)

1. What does “negotiation" mean when discussing network protocols in a

layered architecture? Give an example.

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2. Define simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex transmission modes. Give one

example for each.

3. Data link protocols almost always put the CRC in a trailer rather than in a header.
Why?

4. An 8-bit byte with binary value 10101111 is to be encoded using an even-parity

Hamming code. What is the binary value after encoding?

5. Illustrate the Count to Infinity problem in routing.

6. Describe two major differences between the warning bit method and the
Random Early Detection (RED) method.

7. The Protocol field used in the IPv4 header is not present in the fixed IPv6 header.
Why?

8. How many octets does the smallest possible IPv6 (IP version 6) datagram contain?

9. Can Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) be used directly over a network

(e. g. an Ethernet) without using IP? Justify your answer.

10. When Web pages are sent out, they are prefixed by MIME headers. Why?
(10x3=30)

Part B
(Answer any one question from each module. Each question carries 14
Marks)

11. (a) With a neat diagram, explain Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference
Model. (8)

(b) Compare Twisted Pair, Coaxial Cable and Optical Fibre guided transmission
media. (6)

OR

12. (a) Consider two networks providing reliable connection-oriented service. One
of them offers a reliable byte stream and the other offers a reliable message (8)
stream. Are they identical? Justify your answer.

(b) Sketch the waveform in Manchester and Differential Manchester Encoding (6)
for the bitstream 11000110010.

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13. (a) A bit stream 10011101 is transmitted using the standard CRC method. The
generator polynomial is 𝑥𝑥3 + 1. Show the actual bit string transmitted.
Suppose the third bit from the left is inverted during transmission. Show that
this error is detected at the receiver's end.
(8)

(b) Explain the working of High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol.
(6)

OR

14. (a) Explain the working of IEEE 802.11 MAC sublayer. (10)

(b) Distinguish between Bridges and Switches. (4)

15. (a) Illustrate Distance Vector Routing algorithm with an example. (8)

(b) Explain the characteristics of Routing Information Protocol (RIP). (6)

OR

16. (a) A computer on a 6-Mbps network is regulated by a token bucket. The token
bucket is filled at a rate of 1 Mbps. It is initially filled to capacity with 8 (8)
megabits. How long can the computer transmit at the full 6 Mbps?

(b) Explain how routing is performed for mobile hosts. (6)

17. (a) Explain the address resolution problem using Address Resolution Protocol (10)
(ARP) and Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)with an example
network.

(b) A network on the Internet has a subnet mask of 255.255.240.0. What is the (4)
maximum number of hosts it can handle?

OR

18. (a) How do you subnet the Class C IP address 195.1.1.0 so as to have 10 subnets (6)
with a maximum of 12 hosts in each subnet.

(b) Draw IPv6 Datagram format and explain its features. (8)

19. (a) Distinguish the header formats of Transmission Control protocol (TCP) and (8)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

(b) Explain the principal Domain Name System (DNS) resource record types for (6)

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IPv4.

OR

20. (a) What is the role of Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) in E- mail? (6)

(b) With the help of a basic model, explain the working of World Wide Web (8 )
(WWW).

Teaching Plan

No Contents No of
Lecture
Hrs

Module – 1 (Introduction and Physical Layer) (10 hrs)

1.1 Introduction, Uses of computer networks. 1 hour

1.2 Network Hardware, Local Area Networks (LAN), Metropolitan Area 1 hour
Networks (MAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), Wireless networks, Home
networks, Internetworks.

1.3 Network Software, Protocol hierarchies, Design issues for the layers. 1 hour

1.4 Connection-oriented and Connectionless services, Service primitives, 1 hour

Relationship of services to protocols.

1.5 Reference models, The OSI reference model. 1 hour

1.6 The TCP/IP reference model, Comparisonof OSI and TCP/IP reference 1 hour
models.

1.7 Physical layer, Modes of communication, Simplex, Half-duplex, and Full- 1 hour
duplex, Physical topologies, Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring, Hybrid.

1.8 Signal encoding, Manchester, Differential Manchester. 1 hour

1.9 Transmission media overview, Guided media (twisted pair, coaxial and 1 hour
fiber optic media), Unguided/wireless media (radio, microwave, and
infrared).

1.10 Performance indicators, Bandwidth (in Hertz and in Bits per Seconds), 1 hour

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Throughput, Latency (Delay), Queuing time, Bandwidth-Delay product.

Module 2 – (Data Link Layer) (10 hrs)

2.1 Data link layer design issues. 1 hour

2.2 Error detection and correction, Error correcting codes 1 hour

2.3 Error detecting codes. 1 hour

2.4 Sliding window protocols. 1 hour

2.5 High-Level Data Link Control(HDLC) protocol. 1 hour

2.6 Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer, Channel allocation problem, 1 hour
Multiple access protocols.

2.7 Ethernet, Ethernet cabling, Manchester encoding, Ethernet MAC sublayer 1 hour
protocol, Binary Exponential Backoff algorithm.

2.8 Ethernet performance, Switched Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 1 hour
IEEE 802.2: Logical Link Control.

2.9 Wireless LANs, 802.11 protocol stack, Physical layer, MAC Sublayer 1 hour
protocol, Frame structure.

2.10 Bridges &switches, Bridges from 802.x to 802.y, Repeaters, Hubs, 1 hour
Bridges, Switches, Routers, and Gateways.

Module 3 - (Network Layer) (8 hrs)

3.1 Network layer design issues. 1 hour

3.2 Routing algorithms, The Optimality Principle, Shortest path routing, 1 hour
Flooding.

3.3 Distance Vector Routing. 1 hour

3.4 Link State Routing. 1 hour

3.5 Multicast routing, Routing for mobile hosts. 1 hour

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3.6 General principles of congestion control, Congestion prevention policies, 1 hour

Congestion control in virtual circuit subnets.

3.7 Congestion control algorithms, Congestion control in Datagram subnets, 1 hour

Load shedding, Jitter control.

3.8 Quality of Service, Requirements, Techniques for achieving good Quality 1 hour
of Service.

Module 4 – (Network Layer in the Internet) (9 hrs)

4.1 Network layer in the Internet, Internet Protocol (IP). 1 hour

4.2 IP Addresses, Subnets, Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). 1 hour

4.3 IP Addresses, Network Address Translation (NAT). 1 hour

4.4 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), Address Resolution Protocol 1 hour
(ARP), Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP).

4.5 Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 1 hour

(DHCP).

4.6 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol. 1 hour

4.7 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). 1 hour

4.8 Internet multicasting. 1 hour

4.9 IPv6, Header format, Extension headers, Internet Control Message Protocol 1 hour
version 6 (ICMPv6).

Module 5 - ( Transport Layer and Application Layer) (8 hrs)

5.1 Transport Service, Services provided to the upper layers, Transport service 1 hour
primitives. User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

5.2 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), TCP segment header, Connection 1 hour
establishment &release, Connection management modeling.

5.3 TCP retransmission policy, TCP congestion control. 1 hour

5.4 Application layer, File Transfer Protocol (FTP). 1 hour

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5.5 Domain Name System (DNS). 1 hour

5.6 Electronic Mail, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME). 1 hour

5.7 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). 1 hour

5.8 World Wide Web, Architectural overview. 1 hour

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