File in Java

File Handling
The java.io package contains nearly every class you might ever need to perform input and
output (I/O) in Java. All these streams represent an input source and an output destination.
The stream in the java.io package supports many data such as primitives, Object, localized
characters, etc. A stream can be defined as a sequence of data. The InputStream is used to
read data from a source and the OutputStream is used for writing data to a destination.
Examples to Read Write from File are listed below
Reading Character from File
Declare and Create Input File
Used to Read Characters from File
read() method returns the integer

value of the character present in Text
File and returns “-1” to indicate End of
File.
To display character on screen use

(char) Integer Value for typecasting
Output
Writing Character to File
write() method is used to write the

contents to the File
Output
Read and Write to File
Output
Reading Bytes from File
Output
Writing Byte to File
Output
Reading Console Input
Java input console is accomplished by reading from System.in. To obtain a character-based
stream that is attached to the console, you wrap System.in in a BufferedReader object, to
create a character stream. Once BufferedReader is obtained, we can use read( ) method to
reach a character or readLine( ) method to read a string from the console.
1 Reading Characters
To read a character from a BufferedReader, use read( ) method. Each time that read( ) is
called, it reads a character from the input stream and returns it as an integer value. It returns
.1 when the end of the stream is encountered. As you can see, it can throw an IOException.
Output
2 Reading Strings
Writing Console Output
Console output is most easily accomplished with print( ) and println( ). These methods are defined
by the class PrintStream which is the type of the object referenced by System.out. Even though
System.out is a byte stream, using it for simple program output is still acceptable. Because
PrintStream is an output stream derived from OutputStream, it also implements the low-level
method write( ). Thus, write( ) can be used to write to the console. The simplest form of write( )
defined by PrintStream is shown below:
Java .io package

Java.io is a package which contains number of classes by using that classes we are able to sendthe data from
one place to another place.
In java language we are transferring the data in the form of two ways:-
1. Byte format
2. Character format
Stream/channel:-
It is acting as medium by using steam or channel we are able to send particular data from oneplace to the
another place.
Streams are two types:-

1. Byte oriented streams.(supports byte formatted data to transfer)
2. Character oriented stream.(supports character formatted data to transfer)
Byte oriented streams:-

Java.io.FileInputStream
To read the data from the destination file to the java application we have to use FileInputSream class.
To read the data from the .txt file we have to read() method.
Java.io.FileOutputStream:-
To write the data to the destination file we have to use the FileOutputStream.To write the
data to the destination file we have to use write() method.
Ex:- it will supports one character at a time.import
java.io.*;
class Test
{
static FileInputStream fis; static
FileOutputStream fos;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try{
fis=new FileInputStream("get.txt"); fos=new
FileOutputStream("set.txt",true);int c;
while ((c=fis.read())!=-1)
{
fos.write(c);
}
fis.close();
fos.close();
}
catch(IOException io)
{
System.out.println("getting IOException");
}
}
}
Ex:-it will support one character at a time.import
java.io.*;
class Test
{
static FileReader fr;static FileWriter
fw;
{
try{
fr=new FileReader("get.txt"); fw=new
FileWriter("set.txt",true);
int c;
while ((c=fr.read())!=-1)
{
fw.write(c);
}
fr.close();
fw.close();
}
{
}
}
}
Line oriented I/O:-

Character oriented streams supports single character and line oriented streams supports single line data.
BufferedReader:- to read the data line by line format and we have to use readLine() to read the data.
PrintWriter :- to write the data line by line format and we have to use println() to write the data.
import java.io.*;class
Test
{
static BufferedReader br;static
PrintWriter pw;
{
try{
br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("get.txt")); pw=new
PrintWriter(new FileWriter("set.txt"));
String line;
while ((line=br.readLine())!=null)
{
pw.println(line);
}
br.close();
pw.close();
}
{
}
}
}
Buffered Streams:-
Up to we are working with non buffered streams these are providing less performance becausethese are
interact with the hard disk, network.
Now we have to work with Buffered Streams
BufferedInputStream read the data from memory area known as Buffer.
We are having four buffered Stream classes

1. BufferedInputStream
2. BufferedOutputStream
3. BufferedReader
4. BufferedWriter
Ex:-
Test
{
static BufferedReader br;static
BufferedWriter bw;
{
try{
br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("Test1.java")); bw=new
BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("States.java"));String str;
while ((str=br.readLine())!=null)
{
bw.write(str);
}
br.close();
bw.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println("getting Exception");
}
}
}
Ex:-
Test
{
static BufferedInputStream bis; static
BufferedOutputStream bos; public static void
main(String[] args)
{
try{
bis=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("abc.txt")); bos=new
BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("xyz.txt"));int str;
while ((str=bis.read())!=-1)
{
bos.write(str);
}
bis.close();
bos.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e); System.out.println("getting Exception");
}
}
}
Ex:-
Test
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("abc.txt"));String str;
while ((str=br.readLine())!=null)
{
System.out.println(str);
}
}
}
Java.util.Scanner:-
By using Scanner class we are able to divide the String into the number of tokens.To get
the integer value from the keyboard----------------------------- s.nextInt()
To get the String value from the keyboard --------------------- s.next()
To get the floating values from the keyboard------------------- s.nextFloat ();
i mport java.util.*;class
Test
{
{
while (true)
{
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("enter emp no");int eno=s.nextInt();
System.out.println("enter emp name");String ename=s.next();

System.out.println("enter emp salary");float
esal=s.nextFloat();
System.out.println("emp no-------------------------------------- >"+eno);

System.out.println("emp name ------------------------------------ >"+ename);
System.out.println("emp sal -------------------------------------- >"+esal);
System.out.println("do u want one more record(yes/no)");String

option=s.next();
if (option.equals("no"))
{
break;
}
}
}
}
Note :-
hasNext() method return true if the Scanner has another token as its input the return type is
boolean.next() is return next complete token from the Scanner
Ex:-
import
java.io.*;
import
java.util.*;class
Test
{
{
try{
Scanner s=new Scanner(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("abc.txt")));while (s.hasNext())
{
System.out.println(s.next());
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e); System.out.println("getting Exception");
}
}
}

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File Handling

Examples to Read Write from File are listed below

Reading Character from File

Declare and Create Input File

Used to Read Characters from File

read() method returns the integer

To display character on screen use

Writing Character to File

write() method is used to write the

Java .io package

Streams are two types:-

Byte oriented streams:-

Line oriented I/O:-

We are having four buffered Stream classes

System.out.println("enter emp name");String ename=s.next();

System.out.println("emp no-------------------------------------- >"+eno);

System.out.println("do u want one more record(yes/no)");String

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