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Living Science 2020,

2021 Solutions for
Class 7 Science
Chapter 8 - Physical
And Chemical Changes
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Textbook Solutions  Class 7  Science

 Physical And Chemical Changes

Living Science 2020, 2021 Solutions for Class

7 Science Chapter 8 Physical And Chemical
Changes are provided here with simple step-
by-step explanations. These solutions for
Physical And Chemical Changes are extremely
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Page No 83:

Question 1:

In which of these do the molecules of

substances undergo changes–physical change
or chemical change?

ANSWER:

In chemical change molecules of substances

undergo changes, as in a chemical change
molecules reacts with other molecules.
Sometimes they combine with other molecules
and sometimes they degenerate into smaller
molecules. While in a physical change, only
the shape size, and color of the substance
changes, which does not affect the molecular
structure of the substance. Hence, we can say
in a chemical change, molecules of the
substance undergo changes.

Page No 83:

Question 2:

What kind of change does this represent?

Reactants → Products

ANSWER:

Reactants → Products

The following representation shows a chemical

reaction, in which reactants are converting into
products.

Page No 83:

Question 3:

What kind of reaction is

a. melting of wax
b. burning of wax?

ANSWER:

(a) Melting of wax is an example of physical

change.
In a physical change, the substance
undergoes only change in physical properties
such as shape size, colour, and state.

(b) Burning of wax is an example of chemical

change.
In a chemical change, reactants get converted
to give new products/substances.

Page No 88:

Question 1:

Two chemicals in solution form react, forming

an insoluble solid that settles down. What is
the settled solid known as?

ANSWER:

When two chemicals react in their solution

form, an insoluble solid is formed which settles
down to the bottom. That insoluble solid is
known as a 'precipitate'.

Page No 88:

Question 2:

In which reaction will heat be released–

exothermic reaction or endothermic reaction?

ANSWER:

Heat is released in exothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are those reactions in

which heat is released.
For eg. C + O 2 → CO2 + Heat

Endothermic reactions are those reactions in

which heat is absorbed.
For eg.
C + 2S + Heat → CS 2
C + 2S → CS 2 − Heat

Page No 88:

Question 3:

Nitrogen + oxygen → nitrogen dioxide:

What type of reaction is this?

ANSWER:

Following reaction is an example of a

combination reaction.
When two or more elements combine together
to give a compound, then it is known as a
combination reaction.
Eg. N2 + 2O 2 → 2 NO 2

Page No 88:

Question 4:

What is the characteristic of the reaction:

MN + PQ → MQ + PN
What is the general name given to such
reactions?

ANSWER:

Following reaction is an example of double

displacement reaction.
MN + PQ → MQ + PN
In double displacement reaction, compounds
react by exchanging their elements or groups.
All neutralization reactions are an example of
double displacement reaction.

Page No 88:

Question 5:

Which of the following is true for a substance

that is oxidized in a chemical reaction–oxygen
is added to it, hydrogen is removed from it, or
both are true?

ANSWER:

Oxidation can be defined as the addition of

oxygen or removal of hydrogen from the
substance. So, both are true for the oxidized
substance in a chemical reaction.

Page No 90:

Question 1:

The atoms or molecules of a solid are always

arranged in a regular pattern. Do you agree?
Give reasons.

ANSWER:

Yes, atoms or molecules are arranged in a

regular pattern.
Solids have a regular arrangement of atoms,
they are tightly arranged and are not free to
move.

Page No 90:

Question 2:

You are given a solution of a solid and a liquid.

How can you obtain the solid from it?

ANSWER:

We can separate a solid from a liquid by the

process of 'Evaporation'. This process is
based on the fact that liquids vaporize easily
while solid do not. In this process, a solution of
a solid and a liquid is heated, molecules of
liquid start evaporating and solid substance
starts to settle down in the jar. After complete
evaporation of liquid, the solid substance can
easily be extracted.

Page No 90:

Question 3:

What is the process of obtaining crystals of a

substance from its solution in water called?

ANSWER:

The process of obtaining crystals of a

substance from its solution in water is called
crystallization.

Page No 91:

Question 1:

Which of these is a chemical change?

(a) A substacne with different chemical

properties is formed.
(b) A substance in a different state but similar
chemical properties is formed.
(c) The molecules of the substances do not
undergo any change.
(d) A substance with a different shape and size
but similar chemical properties is formed.

ANSWER:

(a) A substance with different chemical

properties is formed.
A chemical change occurs when two
substances react chemically to form new
substances with different chemical properties.

Page No 91:

Question 2:

Which of these is an irreversible physical

change?

(a) rusting of iron

(b) freezing of water
(c) a double decomposition reaction
(d) breaking of a glass tumbler

ANSWER:

(d) breaking of a glass tumbler

Breaking of a glass tumbler is an irreversible
physical change. Rusting of iron is a chemical
change. Freezing of water is a reversible
physical change. A double decomposition
reaction is a chemical change.

Page No 91:

Question 3:

An arrow pointing downwards in a chemical

reaction shows

(a) evolution of gas

(b) formation of precipitae
(c) oxidation
(d) displacement

ANSWER:

(b) formation of precipitate

In a chemical reaction, an arrow pointing
downwards shows the formation of a
precipitate and an arrow pointing upwards
shows the evolution of a gas.

Page No 91:

Question 4:

A chemical reaction in which heat is given out

is called

(a) exothermic reaction

(b) endothermic reaction
(c) decomposition reaction
(d) neutralization reaction

ANSWER:

(a) exothermic reaction

Exothermic reactions are accompanied with
release of heat. Endothermic reactions are
accompanied with absorption of heat.

Page No 92:

Question 5:

In a combination reaction how many products

are formed?

(a) two only

(b) one or two only
(c) one only
(d) number cannot be specified

ANSWER:

(c) one only

In a combination reaction, a compound is
formed from its elements. For example, water
and oxygen combine to form water.

Page No 92:

Question 6:

What happens in a displacement reaction?

(a) A more reactive element replaces a less

reactive element.
(b) A less reactive element replaces a more
reactive element.
(c) An element replaces one which is equally
reactive.
(d) Any element can replace any other element
with no relation to reactivity.

ANSWER:

(a) A more reactive element replaces a less

reactive element.
In a displacement reaction, a more reactive
element replaces a less reactive element from
its compound.

Page No 92:

Question 7:

A neutralization reaction is a

(a) decomposition reaction.

(b) displacement reaction.
(c) combination reaction.
(d) double displacement reaction.

ANSWER:

(d) double displacement reaction.

A neutralisation reaction is a double
displacement reaction in which an acid reacts
with a base, and the radicals are exchanged,
to form salt and water.

Page No 92:

Question 8:

An oxidation reaction involves addition of

(a) oxygen only

(b) hydrogen only
(c) oxygen or removal of hydrogen
(d) hydrogen or removal of oxygen

ANSWER:

(c) oxygen or removal of hydrogen

An oxidation reaction involves addition of
oxygen or removal of hydrogen from a
substance.

Page No 92:

Question 9:

If which of the following reaction is there only

one reactant?

(a) combination reaction

(b) decomposition reaction
(c) single displacement reaction
(d) double displacement reaction

ANSWER:

(b) decomposition reaction

In a decomposition reaction, a compound
(reactant) breaks up into two or more
substances (products).

Page No 92:

Question 10:

If A is more reactive than B, which of the

following is true?

(a) A will replace B from a salt of B.

(b) B will replace A from a salt of A.
(c) Both can displace each other from their
salts.
(d) Both cannot displace each other from their
salts.

ANSWER:

(a) A will replace B from a salt of B.

The given reaction is an example of
displacement reaction in which a more reactive
element replaces a less reactive element from
its salt solution.

Page No 92:

Question 1:

In which changes do substances undergo

chemical transformation-physical or chemical?

ANSWER:

In chemical changes, substances undergo

chemical transformation to form new
substances.

Page No 92:

Question 2:

Rush is a mixture and does not have a

chemcial formula. True of false?

ANSWER:

False.
Rust is a compound. Its chemical formula is
Fe2O3.H2O.

Page No 92:

Question 3:

The process of depositing zinc on iron to

prevent rusting is called__________

ANSWER:

The process of depositing zinc on iron to

prevent rusting is called galvanization.

Page No 92:

Question 4:

Which gas is given off when calcium carbonate

is heated?

ANSWER:

When calcium carbonate is heated, calcium

oxide is formed and carbon dioxide is evolved.
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

Page No 92:

Question 5:

When two soluble substances in solution react

to give an insoluble substance, a _________ is
formed.

ANSWER:

When two soluble substances in solution react

to give an insoluble substance, a precipitate is
formed.

Page No 92:

Question 6:

Heat is absorbed in an _________ reaction.

ANSWER:

Heat is absorbed in an endothermic reaction.

Page No 92:

Question 7:

If an equation has '+ heat' written on its right-

hand side, what type of reaction is it?

ANSWER:

'+ heat' sign signifies that the reaction is

accompanied with the evolution of heat. The
reaction is exothermic.

Page No 92:

Question 8:

Identify what kind of reaction each of the

following is:

(a) X + Y → XY
(b) XY → X + Y
(c) AB + XY → AY + XB
(d) AB + X → AX + B
(e) AB + CD → AD + BC
(f) Acid + base → salt + water

ANSWER:

(a) Combination reaction

(b) Decomposition reaction
(c) Double displacement reaction
(d) Single displacement reaction
(e) Double displacement reaction
(f) Neutralisation reaction

Page No 93:

Question 9:

An oxidizing agent provides ________ or

removes _________ from a substance.

ANSWER:

An oxidising agent provides oxygen or

removes hydrogen from a substance.

Page No 93:

Question 10:

What method will you use to get a pure liquid if

it has dissolved impurities present in it?

ANSWER:

We will use crystallisation method to obtain a

pure liquid if it has dissolved impurities in it.

Page No 93:

Question 11:

Salt is obtained from sea water by

crystallization. True or false?

ANSWER:

False.
Salt is obtained from sea water by
evaporation.

Page No 93:

Question 12:

A supersaturated solution of a solid in a liquid

crystallizes easily. True or false?

ANSWER:

True.
A supersaturated solution contains more solute
than it can remain dissolved in water. It is
highly unstable and crystallises easily.

Page No 93: