Systemic Lupus

Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus
A presentation about the Pathophysiology of SLE
Contents
01 02 03 04
Introduction Etiology Predisposing Pathogenesis
Factors
05 06 07 08
Clinical Diagnosis Treatment & Complications
Manifestations Management
09
Prognosis
Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is
the most common type of lupus. SLE is
an autoimmune disease in which the
immune system attacks its own
tissues, causing widespread
inflammation and tissue damage in the
affected organs. It can affect the
joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and
blood vessels.
ETIOLOGY
? The
etiology
of SLE
is
currently
unknown.
Predisposing Factors (Non- modifiable)
Genetics:
Family history plays a significant role,
and certain genes are associated with
an increased risk of SLE.
Gender:
SLE is more common in females,
especially during childbearing years.
Predisposing Factors (Modifiable)
Hormonal influences:
Changes in hormones, particularly
estrogen, can impact the development
of SLE, contributing to its higher
prevalence in women.
Environmental triggers:
Exposure to certain environmental factors,
such as infections, medications (e.g.,
hydralazine, procainamide), and ultraviolet
light, may trigger or exacerbate SLE in
susceptible individuals.
PATHOGENESIS TRIGGERING AGENTS
ABNORMAL IMMUNE
REGULATION
FAULTY
T-CELLS APCs
CLEARANCE
DEFECTIVE B-CELL APOPTOTIC CELLS;

B-CELLS
SUPPRESSION NUCLEAR DEBRIS
AUTO-ANTIBODY
FORMATION
FAULTY IMMUNE COMPLEX TISSUE INJURY

CLEARANCE FORMATION, COMPLEMENT AND DAMAGE
ACTIVATION
FEVER MALAISE ARTHRALGIAS
Clinical LOSS OF
MYALGIAS HEADACHES
Manifestations APPETITE
NON-
WEIGHT
SPECIFIC
LOSS
FATIGUE
Diagnosis
Complete blood count. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
This test measures the number of red This blood test determines the rate at
blood cells, white blood cells and platelets which red blood cells settle to the bottom
as well as the amount of hemoglobin, a of a tube in an hour. A faster than normal
protein in red blood cells. Results may
rate may indicate a systemic disease, such
indicate you have anemia, which commonly
as lupus. The sedimentation rate isn't
occurs in lupus. A low white blood cell or
specific for any one disease. It may be
platelet count may occur in lupus as well.
elevated if you have lupus, an infection,
another inflammatory condition or cancer.
Urinalysis.
An examination of a sample of your urine

may show an increased protein level or red
blood cells in the urine, which may occur if
lupus has affected your kidneys.
Diagnosis
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test.
Chest X-ray.
A positive test for the presence of these
antibodies — produced by your immune system An image of your chest may reveal
— indicates a stimulated immune system. While
abnormal shadows that suggest fluid
most people with lupus have a positive
or inflammation in your lungs.
antinuclear antibody (ANA) test, most people
with a positive ANA do not have lupus. If you
test positive for ANA , your doctor may
advise more-specific antibody testing.
Urinalysis. Echocardiogram.
An examination of a sample of your urine This test uses sound waves to produce
may show an increased protein level or red real-time images of your beating heart. It
blood cells in the urine, which may occur if can check for problems with your valves
lupus has affected your kidneys. and other portions of your heart.
Diagnosis
Biopsy
Lupus can harm your kidneys in many

different ways, and treatments can vary,
depending on the type of damage that
occurs. In some cases, it's necessary to test
a small sample of kidney tissue to determine
what the best treatment might be. The
sample can be obtained with a needle or
through a small incision.
Treatment Regular
Sun Protection
Monitoring
and
Management
Lifestyle
Changes
Medications, such
as: Immuno
NSAIDs
and
Antimalarial Cortico- suppress
Drugs ive
Biologicals steroids
Drugs
Complications
BLOOD LUNGS HEART

Anemia Pneumonitis Myocarditis
Leukopenia Interstitial Lung Endocarditis
Thrombosis Disease Pericarditis
Lupus Vasculitis Pulmonary
KIDNEY
Embolism
Lupus Nephritis
Pulmonary
Hypertension
P
Despite the advancements in therapeutic options of SLE and a
r better understanding of the disease process, SLE patients suffer
from significant morbidity and carry a high mortality. Survival
o rates are 85 to 90% during the first ten years. Leading causes of
mortality include cardiovascular disease, infections, and renal
g disease. Early diagnosis with therapy to prevent organ damage,

monitoring and screening patients for cardiovascular disease and
n
infections with early intervention may improve these outcomes.
Poor prognostic factors in SLE include African American ethnicity,
renal disease (especially diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis),
o male sex, young age, older age at presentation, hypertension, low
socioeconomic status, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome,
s presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, and high overall disease
activity.
i
s
Thank you!
GOD BLESS US ALL

Systemic Lupus

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Systemic Lupus

DEFECTIVE B-CELL APOPTOTIC CELLS;

FAULTY IMMUNE COMPLEX TISSUE INJURY

An examination of a sample of your urine

Lupus can harm your kidneys in many

BLOOD LUNGS HEART

g disease. Early diagnosis with therapy to prevent organ damage,

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