23.definite Integration

23.
D E F I N I T E I N T E G R AT I O N
1. INTRODUCTION
Let f(x) be a continuous function defined on a closed interval [a, b] and ∫ f(x)dx
= F(x) + c then
b b
∫ f(x)dx
= [F(x)]ba or ∫ f(x)dx
= F(b) − F(a) is called the definite integral of f(x) within limits a and b. The interval
a a
[a, b] is called the range of integration. Every definite integral has a unique solution.
b π /2
Note: = F(b) − F(a) also represents the net area of the curve f(x) with x-axis.
∫ f(x)dx ∫ sin2 x dx
a 0
π /2 π /2 π /2
 1 − cos2x  1 sin2x  1 π  π
Sol: ∫ sin2 x dx = ∫   dx = x −  =  − 0 =
0 0  2  2  2 0 2  2  4
1
Illustration 1: If ∫0 (3x
2
0, find the value of k.
+ 2x + k)dx = (JEE MAIN)
∫ 3x + 2x + k dx is already given i.e. 0 hence by using simple integral

2
Sol: Here the answer of the definite integral

0
formulas we can solve it and by comparing it to 0, we will obtain the value of k.
1 2
Here, we have, ∫0 (3x + 2x + k)dx =
0
1
 x3 x2  1
3 + 2 + kx  = 0 ;  x3 + x2 + kx  =0
 0
 3 2  0
(1 + 1 + k) – (0 + 0 + 0) = 0 ; 2 + k = 0 ⇒ k = –2
π
4
Illustration 2: Evaluate: ∫ (2sec
2
x + x3 + 2)dx. (JEE MAIN)
0
b b b
Sol: As we know ∫ {f ( x ) ± g ( x )} dx = ∫ f ( x ) dx ± ∫ g ( x ) dx . Hence by using this method we can solve the given
definite integral. a a a
π π π π
4 4 4 4
We have, ∫ (2sec
2
x + x3=
+ 2)dx 2 ∫ sec2 x dx + ∫ x3 dx + 2 ∫ dx
0 0 0 0
π/ 4
π/ 4  x4   π   ( π / 4)4  π 
= 2 tanx  +  + 2[x]0π / 4 = 2  tan − tan0  +  − 0 + 2  − 0
0
 4  0  4   4   4 
2 3 . 2 | Definite Integration
 π4  π π4 π
= 2(1 − 0) +  − 0  + =2 + +
 45  2 1024 2
 
2. PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Property 1
b b b
∫=
f(x)dx ∫=
f(t)dt ∫ f(u)du
a a a
Here x is a dummy variable; it can be replaced by any other variable t, u,……..

π /2 π /2 π /2
∫= ∫ sint dt ∫=
sin(x)dx = sinudu
0 0 0
10 10 10
This is similar to the summation property ∑
= r2 ∑=
t2 ∑
= u2 ……..
=T 1=T 1=U 1
Property 2
b a
∫ f(x)dx = −∫ f(x)dx
a b
i.e. the interchange of limits of a definite integral changes only its sign.
Property 3
b c b
∫=
f(x)dx ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(x)dx (a < c < b)
a a c
Generally, this property is used when the integrand has two or more rules in the integration interval
b c1 c b
⇒ ∫a f(x)dx
= ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ 2 f(x)dx + ....... + ∫cn f(x)dx where a < c1 < c2 < ……. cn < b.
a c1
4 2x + 8, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
Illustration 3: Evaluate: ∫1 f(x)dx, where f(x) = 6x, (JEE MAIN)
2≤x≤4

b c b
Sol: Here as we know, ∫=
f(x)dx ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(x)dx where (a < c < b) . Hence by using this property and solving by
a a c
using the integral formula we can solve it.
4
We have, I = ∫1 f(x)dx
2 4 2 4
= ∫1 f(x)dx + ∫2 f(x)dx = ∫1 (2x + 8)dx + ∫2 6x dx
2 4
 x2 + 8x  + 3x2  = (2)2 + 8(2) − (1)2 − 8(1) + 3(4)2 − 3(2)2 
=
 1  2    
= 11 + 36 = 47.
2
Illustration 4: Evaluate : ∫ | 1 − x |dx (JEE MAIN)
0
M a them a ti cs | 23.3
1 − x, when 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
Sol: Here |1 – x| =  therefore, similar to the problem above, we can solve it.
x − 1, when 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
1 − x, when 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
|1 – x| = 
x − 1, when 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
1 2 1 2
 x2   x2 
∴ I =∫ (1 − x)dx + ∫ (x − 1)dx = x −  +  − x  = (1/2 – 0) + (0 + 1/2) = 1
0 1  2   2 1
0
Property 4
a a
∫ f(x)dx
= ∫ f(a − x)dx
0 0
Property 5
b b
∫ f(x)dx= ∫ f(a + b − x)dx

a a
b
f(x) b−a
Application: ∫ f(x) + f(a + b − x) dx = 2
a
PLANCESS CONCEPTS
With the help of the above property, the following integrals can be obtained.
π /2 π /2 π /2 π /2
∫ f(sinx)dx = ∫ f(cos x)dx ; ∫ f(tanx)dx = ∫ f(cot x)dx

0 0 0 0
π /2 π /2 1 1
∫ f(sin2x)sinx dx = ∫ f(sin2x)cos x dx ; ∫ f(logx)dx

= ∫ f[log(1 − x)]dx
0 0 0 0
π /2 π /2
sinn x cosn x π
∫ sinn x + cosn x dx
= ∫ cosn x + sinn x dx 4
=
0 0
π /2 π /2 π /2 π /2
tann x cotn x π 1 1 π
∫ 1 + tann x dx
= ∫ 1 + cotn x dx 4 ; =
= ∫ 1 + tann x dx ∫ 1 + cotn x dx 4
=
0 0 0 0
π /2 π /2 π/ 4
secn x cosecn x π π
∫ secn x + cosecnx dx
= ∫ cosecnx + secn xdx 4 ;
= ∫ log(1 + tanx)dx =
8
log2
0 0 0
π /2 π /2
∫ log cot x dx
= ∫ log tanx dx 0
=
0 0
Shrikant Nagori (JEE 2009 AIR 30)
1 −1 1
Illustration 5: Prove that ∫0 cot (1 − x + x2 )dx =2∫ tan−1 x .dx (JEE MAIN)
0
a a
a b
Sol: As we know cot −1   = tan−1   and ∫ f(x)dx
= ∫ f(a − x)dx by using these two formulae we can solve the
b
  a 0 0
given problem.
 1+ x − x 
1 −1 2 1 −1  1  1 −1 1 −1  x + (1 − x) 
∫0 cot=
(1 − x + x )dx ∫ tan
0
=  2
1 − x + x 
∫0 tan=
  ∫ tan
1 − x (1 − x )  0

 − x (1 − x) 
1
 dx
 
1 −1 1 −1 1 −1
= ∫0 tan x dx + ∫ tan (1 −=
0
x)dx 2∫ tan x .dx
0
 −1  a + b  −1 −1 
 tan  =  tan a + tan b 
  1 − ab  
1
1 
Illustration 6: Find the value of ∫ log  − 1  dx (JEE MAIN)
0  x 
a a
1 − x 
Sol: Here log  =  log (1 − x ) − log ( x ) and ∫ f(x)dx
= ∫ f(a − x)dx by using these two formulae we can solve it.
 x  0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 − x 
∫ log  x  dx = ∫ log (1 − x)dx − ∫ log (x)dx = ∫ log 1 − (1 − x )dx − ∫ =
logx dx ∫ logx dx − ∫ logx dx
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1
= ∫ log (x)dx − ∫ log (x)dx = 0
0 0
π /2
asinx + bcos x
Illustration 7: Evaluate: ∫ dx (JEE MAIN)
0
sinx + cos x
a a π /2
asinx + bcos x
Sol: As ∫ f(x)dx
= ∫ f(a − x)dx therefore we can write ∫ sinx + cos x
dx in the form of
0 0 0
π /2
asin( π / 2 − x) + bcos( π / 2 − x)
∫ sin( π / 2 − x) + cos( π / 2 − x)
dx and then adding these two equations we can solve the given problem.
0
π /2
asinx + bcos x
I= ∫ sinx + cos x
dx … (i)
0
π /2 π /2
asin( π / 2 − x) + bcos( π / 2 − x) acos x + bsinx
I ∫ sin(π / 2 − x) + cos(π / 2 − x) dx
= ∫ sinx + cos x
dx … (ii)
0 0
Adding (i) and (ii),

π /2 π /2
(a + b)(sinx + cos x)
∴ 2I = ∫ sinx + cos x
dx = ∫ (a + b)dx = (a + b)π / 2 ⇒ I = (a + b) π/4
0 0
π /2
sin2 x 1
Illustration 8: Show that ∫ = dx log( 2 + 1) (JEE ADVANCED)
0
sinx + cos x 2
Sol: This problem is similar to the problem above.
π /2 sin2 x
Let I = ∫0 dx … (i)
sinx + cos x
By property 4, we have
π /2 sin2 ( ( π / 2) − x ) π /2 cos2 x
I ∫0 sin ((π / 2) − x ) + cos ((π / 2) − x ) dx
= ∫0 sinx + cos x
dx … (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get

2
π /2 sin x + cos2 x 1 π /2 dx 1 π /2 1
2I = ∫0 sinx + cos x
dx ⇒ I = ∫
2 0 sinx + cos x
=
2 2
∫0
(1 / 2)sinx + (1 / 2)cos x
dx
1 π /2 1 1 π /2 1
= ∫ dx = ∫ dx
2 2 0 cos( π / 4)sinx + sin( π / 4)cos x 2 2 0 sin ( x + ( π / 4) )
π /2
1 π /2  π 1   x π  
=
2 2
∫0 cosec  x=

+  dx
4
logtan  +  
2 2   2 8  0
1  π π π  1  tan(3π / 8)  1  cot( π / 8) 
= log tan  +
=  − log tan  log 
=  log  
2 2  4 8 8  2 2  tan( π / 8)  2 2  tan( π / 8) 
2 π 1
= =logcot log( 2 + 1)
2 2 8 2
3π / 4 tanx
Illustration 9: Evaluate : ∫−π / 4 1 + dx (JEE ADVANCED)
tanx
sinx b b
Sol: By putting tanx = and using the property = ∫ f(a + b − x)dx , we can solve the given problem.
∫a f(x)dx
cos x a
3π / 4 tanx 3π / 4 sinx
Let I= ∫−π / 4 1 + dx ⇒ I= ∫−π / 4 dx … (i)
tanx cos x + sinx
b b
On applying = ∫ f(a + b − x)dx we get
∫a f(x)dx a
3π / 4 sin ( (3π / 4) − ( π / 4) − x )
I= ∫−π / 4 dx
cos ( (3π / 4) − ( π / 4) − x ) + sin ( (3π / 4) − ( π / 4) − x )
3π / 4 sin ( ( π / 2) − x )
= ∫−π / 4 dx
cos ( ( π / 2) − x ) + sin ( ( π / 2) − x )
3π / 4 cos x
= ∫−π / 4 dx … (ii)
sinx + cos x
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
3π / 4 sinx 3π / 4 cos x 3π / 4 sinx + cos x

2I ∫−π / 4 dx + ∫ dx = ∫−π / 4 dx
−π / 4
sinx + cos x sinx + cos x sinx + cos x
3π / 4  3π  π    3π π  π
= ∫−π / 4 dx= [x]3−ππ //=
4
4  −  − =   + =π ⇒ I =
 4  4   4 4  2
π /2  4 + 3sinx 
Illustration 10: The value of ∫0 log   dx is
 4 + 3cos x 
(JEE ADVANCED)
π /2
 4 + 3sinx 
Sol: Similar to the problems above, we can write ∫ log  4 + 3cos x  dx as
0
π /2  4 + 3sin ( ( π / 2) − x ) 
∫0 log   dx and then by adding these two equations we can solve the given problem.
 4 + 3cos ( ( π / 2) − x ) 
 
π /2  4 + 3sinx 
Let I = ∫0 log   dx
 4 + 3cos x 
On applying property 5, we get
π /2  4 + 3sin ( ( π / 2) − x ) 
I= ∫0 log   dx
 4 + 3cos ( ( π / 2) − x ) 
 
π /2  4 + 3 cos x  π /2  4 + 3 sin x 
= ∫0 log   dx = − ∫0 log   dx = −I ⇒ I = 0
 4 + 3 sin x   4 + 3 cos x 
π /2  4 + 3sinx 
Thus, ∫0 log   dx = 0
 4 + 3cos x 
π /2 dx
Illustration 11: I = ∫0 (JEE ADVANCED)
4 + 5sinx
x
2 tan
2 x
Sol: Let sinx = and then by putting tan = t , we can solve the given problem.
x 2
1 + tan2
2
π /2 dx π /2 sec2 ( π / 2)dx
I= ∫0 = ∫0
4 + 5 (2 tan(x/ 2) / 1 + tan2 (x/ 2)) 4 + 4 tan2 ( π / 2) + 10 tan( π / 2)
x 1 x
Let tan = t ⇒ sec2 = dt
2 2 2
1
1 2dt 1 1 dt 1 1 1 1 1  t + (1 / 2)  1
⇒ ∫0 2
=
4 + 4t + 10t 2 ∫ (
=
)( )
0 t + (1 / 2) t + 2 3 ∫ (
0 t + (1 / 2)
−
) ( )
t +
=
2
dt
3
ln
 t + 2
= 
0 3
log2
π /3
dx
Illustration 12: Evaluate : ∫ (JEE ADVANCED)
π /6 1 + tanx
sinx b b
Sol: Let tanx = and then using property = ∫ f(a + b − x)dx , we can solve the given problem.
∫a f(x)dx
cos x a
π /3 π /3
dx cos x
∫ = ∫ dx … (i)
π /6 1 + tanx π /6 sinx + cos x
π /3
cos( π / 2 − x) ∴
= ∫ sin( π / 2 − x) + cos( π / 2 − x)
dx [ here a + b = π/2]
π /6
π /3
sinx
= ∫ cos x + sinx
dx … (ii)
π /6
π /3
π /3 π π π π
∴ 2I = ∫ 1dx = [x]π /6 = 3 − 6 = 6 ⇒I=
12
π /6
Property 6
a
 a
∫ f(x)dx =  ∫0
2 f(x) dx if f( −x) =f(x) (even function)
−a 
0 if f( −x) =−f(x) (odd function)
Note: This property is to be used if the integrand is either an even or odd function of x
π /2
Illustration 13: ∫−π /2 cos
2
x dx is equal to (JEE MAIN)
π /2 π /2
Sol: As ∫−π /2 cos
2
x dx = 2∫ cos2 x dx , therefore using property 7 we can solve it.
0
π /2 π /2 π /2
 sin2x  π
Here I = 2 ∫ cos2 x dx { f( −x) =f(x)} ; ∫ (1 + cos2x)dx =
x +  =
0 0  2 0 2
1 x3 sin(1 + x2 )
Illustration 14: ∫−1 dx is equal to (JEE ADVANCED)
1 + x2
 a a
Sol: Here by using the property ∫ f(x)dx =  ∫0
2 f(x) dx if f( −x) =f(x) (even function)
−a 
0 if f( −x) =−f(x) (odd function)
x3 sin(1 + x2 ) x3 sin(1 − x2 )
Here f(x) = & f(–x) = –
1 + x2 1 + x2
∴
f(x) = – f(x)
∴I=0
 a
f(x)dx =  ∫0
2a 2 f(x)dx, if f(2a − x) =
f(x)
Property 7: ∫0

0, if f(2a − x) =−f(x)
Note: The above property is used to halve the limits
2π sin2θ
Illustration 15: Evaluate : ∫0 dθ (JEE MAIN)
a − b cos θ
 a
f(x)dx =  ∫0
2a 2 f(x)dx, if f(2a − x) =
f(x)
Sol: Let ∫0 . Hence by using this property we can solve the given problem.

0, if f(2a − x) =−f(x)
2π sin2θ sin2θ
=Let I ∫0 a − b cos θ
dθ → Let f(θ) =
a − b cos θ
sin2(2π − θ) − sin2θ
f(2π − θ) = = = −f(θ)
a − bcos(2π − θ) a − bcos θ
By property 7, we have
2π sin2θ
\ ∫0 a − b cos θ
dθ =0
2π
Illustration 16: Evaluate ∫0 x sin4 x cos6 x dx (JEE ADVANCED)
Sol: Similar to the problem above.

2π 2π
=I ∫0 x sin4 x cos6 x=
dx ∫0 (2π − x) sin4 x cos6 x dx
2π π
2I = 2π∫ sin4 x cos6 x dx ; I = 2π∫ sin4 x cos6 x dx ;
0 0
π /2 π /2
I= 4 π∫ sin4 x cos6 x dx ; I= 4 π∫ cos4 x sin6 x ;
0 0
2π π /2 dt
(sin2x)4 dx ⇒ 2x = t ⇒ dx =
16 ∫0
⇒ I=
2
 π 1 3π 3π2
=⇒ I =
π π 4
16 ∫0
sin t dt
π π /2 4
8 ∫0
sin t dt
π  1 π /2
⇒ I=  ∫
8 2 0
( )
sin4 t + sin4 t dt  = . . =
 8 2 8 128
na a
Property 8: If f(x) = f(x + a) (i.e. f(x) is a function with period a), then ∫0 f(x)dx = n∫ f(x)dx
0
4π
Illustration 17: Evaluate: ∫0 sin8 x dx (JEE MAIN)
Sol: Here sin8 (π – x) = sin8x, therefore by using this property, we can solve the given problem.
π /2
π 8 7.5.3.1 π 35π
I = 4 ∫= sin8 x dx ∫ sin x dx 8=
8= .
0
0
8.6.4.2 2 32
2π
Illustration 18: Evaluate: ∫0 cos5 x dx (JEE ADVANCED)
2π
Sol: Let I = ∫0 cos5 x dx
Let f(x) = cos5x
f(2π – x) = cos5 (2π – x) = cos5x = f(x)
2π π
Then ∫0 cos5 x x dx = 2∫ cos5 x dx
0
Now, f(π – x) = cos (π – x) = (– cos x)3 = – cos5x

5
π 5
= – f(x) ; ∫0 cos x dx = 0
2π
Hence ∫0 cos5 x dx = 0
Property 9
a+nT T
∫ f(x)dx = n∫ f(x)dx (if f(x + T) = f(x), and nÎN i.e. f(x) is a function with period T)
a 0
b +nT T b
∫ (n − m)∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(x)dx

f(x)dx = m,n ∈ I
a+mT 0 a
200 π
Illustration=
19: I ∫ 1 + cos x dx (JEE MAIN)
0
200 π
x x
Sol: I = 2 ∫ cos
2
dx
2
=t
0
100 π π
⇒I= 2 2 ∫ | cos t | dt = 200 2 ∫ | cos t | dt = 400 2
0 0
h(x)
d
Property 10: ∫ f(t) dt = h’(x) f(h(x)) – g’(x) f(g(x))
dx g(x)
h(x)
d
Corollary (1):
dx ∫ f(t) dt = h’ (x) f(h(x)) [a is any constant independent of x]
a
x
d
dx ∫a
Corollary (2): f(t) dt = f(x)
b b
Property 11: ∫ f(x) dx ≤ ∫ | f(x) | dx
a a
b
Property 12: If f(x) ≥ 0 on [a, b], then ∫ f(x)dx ≥ 0
a
This property is also called the domination law.

There are a few more properties which might be helpful in solving problems
b b±c
1. Shift property: ∫ f(x)dx = ∫ f(x)dx
a a± c
b −b
2. Reflection property: ∫ f(x)dx =
− ∫ f( −x)dx
a −a
b b/k
∫ f(x)dx k
3. Expansion/Contraction property: = ∫ f(x)dx ∀ k > 0
a a/k
PLANCESS CONCEPTS
β dx
∫α (x − α )(x − β)
= π if (β > α )
β π
∫α (x − α )(x − β)dx= (β − α )2
8
b x−a π
∫a b−x
dx = (b − a)
2
x
If f(t) is an odd function, then φ(x) = ∫a f(t)dt is an even function.
x
If f(x) is an even function, then φ(x) = ∫a f(t)dt is an odd function.
Every continuous function defined on [a, b] is integrable over [a, b]

Every monotonic function defined on [a, b] is integrable over [a, b]
2 3 . 1 0 | Definite Integration
PLANCESS CONCEPTS
Change of variables: If the function f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and the function x = φ(t) is continuously
differentiable on the interval [t1, t2] and a = φ(t1), b = φ(t2), then
b t2
= ∫ f(φ( t ))φ '( t )dt .
∫a f(x)dx t1
Nitish Jhawar (JEE 2009 AIR 7)
3. SOME SPECIAL INTEGRALS
3.1 Walli’s Formula

π /2 π /2
n n (n − 1) (n − 3)....2
∫ sin x dx
= ∫ cos x dx
=
n(n − 2)....1
(if n is odd positive integer)
0 0
(n − 1) (n − 3).....1  π 
=   (if n is even positive integer)
n(n − 2).....2 2
π /2
Illustration 20: Evaluate ∫ cos7 x dx (JEE MAIN)

0
Sol: By using Walli’s formula we can solve the given problem.
6.4.2 16
=I =
7.5.3 35
3.2 Gamma Function

π /2 Γ ( (m+ 1) / 2 ) Γ ( (n+ 1) / 2 )
∫ sinm x cosn x dx =
0 2Γ ( (m+ n + 2) / 2 )
where Γ(n) is called the gamma function

OR
π /2
((m − 1) (m − 3).....(2 or 1)) (n − 1) ((n − 3)...(2 or 1))
∫ sinm cosn x dx =
0
(m + n) (m + n − 2).......(2 or 1)
(if m and n both are not simultaneously even positive integers)
((m − 1) (m − 3)....(1))((n − 1)(n − 3)....(1))  π 

  (if m and n are both even positive integers)
(m + n)(m + n − 2)....(2) 2
π /2
Illustration 21: Evaluate I = ∫ sin4 x cos5 x dx. (JEE MAIN)
0
Sol: Using the gamma function formula i.e.
π /2 Γ ( (m+ 1) / 2 ) Γ ( (n+ 1) / 2 )
∫ sinm x cosn x dx =
0 2Γ ( (m+ n + 2) / 2 )
We can solve it.
r ( (4 + 1) / 2 ) Γ ( (5 + 1) / 2 ) Γ (5 / 2 ) Γ(3) ((3 / 2).(1 / 2))(=2.1 ) 8

=I = =
2Γ ( (4 + 5 + 2) / 2 ) 2Γ (11 / 2 ) 2 ( (9 / 2).(7 / 2).(5 / 2).(3 / 2).(1 / 2) ) 315
4. NEWTON LEIBNITZ FORMULA

In calculus, Leibnitz’s rule for differentiation under the integral sign named after Gottfried Leibnitz tells us that if
y1
we have an integral ∫ f(x, y)dy then for x in (x0, x1) the derivative of this integral is thus expressible as
y0
d  y1  y1
 ∫y f(x, y)dy  = ∫y0 fx (x, y)dy
dx  0 
provided that f and its partial derivative fx are both continuous over a region in the form [x0. x1] × [y0, y1].
5. SUMMATION OF SERIES BY INTEGRATION (LIMIT AS A SUM)

To find the sum of an infinite series with the help of definite integration, the following formula is used
n−1 1
 r 1
lim
n→ ∞
∑ f  n  n = ∫ f(x)dx
r =0   0
The following method is used to solve the questions on summation of series.

1 r
(i) After writing (r – 1)th or rth term of the series, express it in the form f  .
n n
n−1
1 r
Therefore the given series will take the form as lim
n→ ∞
∑nfn
  r =0
r
(ii) Now write ∫ in place of lim ∑ and x in place of and dx in place of n. We get summation in the form of
n→∞ n
1
integral ∫ f(x)dx .
0
b
b−a  b − a
Also we can write
= ∫ f(x)dx lim [f(a) + f(a + h) + .... + f(a + (n − 1 ) h)]  where h = 
n→ ∞ n  n 
a
 1 1 1
Illustration 22: Evaluate lim  + + ..... +  (JEE MAIN)
n→ ∞ n + 1 n + 2 2n 

n−1 1
 r 1
Sol: By using the summation of series by integration formula i.e lim
n→ ∞
∑ f  n  n = ∫ f(x)dx we can solve it.
r =0   0
n 1
1  1 1 1
Limit = lim ∑ n + r= lim ∑  . = ∫ 1 + x dx= [log(1 + x)]10 = log2
n→ ∞
r =1
n→ ∞  1 + (r / n) n  0
1100 + 2100 + 3100........n100

Illustration 23: lim (JEE MAIN)
n→ ∞ n101
Sol: By observing the given problem, we can say that it’s a sum of an infinite series so by using the summation of
series by integration formula we can solve it.
100 n 100
r1001 r 1 r 1 100 1
Tr =
101
= × 
n n
; S = lim
n→ ∞ n
∑ n  ; = ∫0 x dx =
101
n r =1  
 n n 1 
Illustration 24: Find the value of lim  + + ..... +  (JEE ADVANCED)
n → ∞ (n + 1)

2
(n + 2)2 4n 

n 1 1
Sol: Here tr = = , therefore similar to the problem above, we can solve it.
(n + r)2 n [1 + (r / n)]2
n
1 1 1 1
Therefore the given series = lim
n→ ∞
∑ [1 + (r / n)]2 .
n ∫0 (1 + x)2
= dx
r =1
1 1
1  1  −1 1
Given series = ∫ (1 + x)2 dx = − 1 + x  = 2 + 1 = 2
0 0
Evaluate the following definite integrals as the limit of sums.
b
Illustration 25: ∫a cos x dx (JEE ADVANCED)
b
b−a b−a
Sol: Here
= ∫ f(x)dx lim [f(a) + f(a + h) + .... + f(a + (n − 1 ) h)] where f(x) = cos x and h =
a
n→ ∞ n n
b
b−a
∴ ∫=
cos x dx lim [cosa + cos(a + h) + .... + cos(a + (n− 1)h)]
n→ ∞ n
a
b − a  cos ( a + ((n − 1) / 2 ). h) . sin (nh / 2 ) 

= lim . 
n→ ∞ n  sin(h/ 2) 
 n − 1 (b − a)   n . (b − a) 
cos  a + .  . sin  
b −a  2 n   2n 
= lim   .
n→ ∞  n  b −a
sin  
 2n 
b − a cos ( a + (1 − (1 / n)) / 2) (b − a) ) . sin ( (b − a) / 2 )
= lim 2 . .
n→ ∞ 2n sin ( (b − a) / 2n)
= lim 2 .
( )
cos a + (1 − (1 / n) ) ( (b − a) / 2 ) . sin ( (b − a) / 2 )
n→ ∞ sin ( (b − a) / 2n) / ( (b − a) / 2n)
b +a b −a
= 2cos   sin   = sin b – sin a
 2   2 
2
Illustration 26: ∫1 (x
2
+ x)dx (JEE ADVANCED)
Sol: Similar to the problem above.

b − a 2 −1 1
=h = =
n n n
b
b−a
∫ f(x)dx nlim
=
→∞ n
[f(a) + f(a + h) + .... + f(a + (n− 1)h)]
a
2 2 1
∫1 (x + x)dx = lim [f(1) + f(1 + h) + .... + f(1 + (n− 1)h)]
n→ ∞ n
1 2
= lim [(1 + 1) + {(1 + h)2 + (1 + h)} + .... + {(1 + (n− 1)h)2 + (1 + (n− 1)h)}
n→ ∞ n
1
= lim [12.n + h(1 + 2 + ... + (n− 1)) + 1 . n + 2h(1 + 2 + ... + (n− 1)) + h2 (12 + 22 + ...(n− 1)2 )]
n→ ∞ n
1
Here h =
n
1  1 (n − 1)(n) 2 n(n − 1) 1 (n − 1)n(2n − 1) 
= lim n+ +n+ . + 
n→ ∞ n  n 2 n 2 n2 6 

= lim 1 +
(1 − (1 / n)) (1) + 1 + 2 (1 − (1 / n)) + (1 − (1 / n)) (1) ( 2 − (1 / n)) 
n→ ∞  2 2 6 

1 1 23
= 1+ +1+1+ =
2 3 6
6. INTEGRAL WITH INFINITE LIMITS

If a function f(x) is continuous for a ≤ x < ∞, then by definition,
∞ b
∫a f(x)dx = blim … (i)
→ ∞ ∫a
f(x)dx
If there exists a finite limit on the right-hand side of (i), then the improper integral is said to be convergent;
otherwise it is divergent.
Geometrically, the improper integral (i) for f(x) > 0, is the area of the figure bounded by the graph of the function
y = f(x), the straight line x = a, and the x-axis. Similarly, we can define
b b ∞ a ∞
∫−∞ f(x)dx = alim and ∫=
→− ∞ ∫a ∫−∞ f(x)dx + ∫a f(x)dx
f(x)dx f(x)dx
−∞
7. IMPORTANT RESULTS
b π /2
If f(x) ≥ 0 and a < b, then ∫ f(x)dx ≥ 0, e.g. ∫ sinx dx =
1
a 0
a 0
If f(x) ≥ 0 and a < b, then ∫ f(x)dx ≤ 0, e.g. ∫ cos x dx =
−1
b π /2
a 0
If f(x) ≤ 0 and a < b, then ∫ f(x)dx ≥ 0, e.g. ∫ sinx dx =
1
b π /2
x 1 2 3 x
∫ [x]dx
= ∫ (0)dx + ∫ (1)dx + ∫ 2dx + ... + ∫ [x]dx, where [ ] denotes the greatest integer of x.
0 0 1 2 [x]
π /2 π /2
π
∫ log(sinx)dx = ∫ log(cos x)dx = − log2
2
0 0
π /2 π /2
∫ log(tanx)dx
= = ∫ (cot x)dx 0
0 0
2a a a a a
∫ f(x)dx= ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(2a − x)dx= ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(a + x)dx

0 0 0 0 0
b 1
∫ [x]dx= (b − a)∫ x dx, where [ ] denotes the fractional part of x.

a 0
5 1
5
e.g., ∫= ∫ x dx
[x]dx 5=
0 0
2
f(b) b
Integral of an inverse function is given by ∫ f −1 (y)dy = bf(b) − af(a) − ∫ f(x)dx
f(a) a
Derivation of the given formula is given in the solved examples
8. GEOMETRICAL APPLICATION
y = f2(x)
The area of the figure bounded by the graphs of two continuous functions y = f1(x) and
y = f2(x), f1(x) ≤ f2(x), and two straight lines x= a and x = b is determined by the formula
b
=S ∫a (f2 (x) − f1 (x))dx . It is sometimes convenient to use formulae analogous to x.with
respect to y, i.e., regarding x as a function of y. In particular, the area bounded by the curve
d
x =f(y), the y-axis and the two abscissae y = c and y = d is given by ∫c f (y)dy. The area of
y = f1(x)
the figure bounded by the graphs of two continuous functions x = f1(y) and f2(y) (with f1(y)
Figure 23.1
d
≤ f2(y)), and the two straight lines y = c, y = d is given by ∫c (f2 (y) − f1 (y))dy
b
From the view of geometry we get an important inequality as if m ≤ f(x) ≤ M for a ≤ x ≤ b, then m(b – a) ≤ ∫ f(x)dx
≤ M(b – a) a
FORMULAE SHEET
Important results
b b b b b a
1. ∫ {f(x) ± g ( x ) ± h ( x )} dx= ∫ f(x)dx ± ∫ g(x)dx + ∫ h(x)dx 2. ∫ f(x)dx = −∫ f(x)dx
a a a a a b
b c b a a
3. ∫=
f(x)dx ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(x)dx (a < c < b) 4. ∫ f(x)dx
= ∫ f(a − x)dx
a a c 0 0
a
 a b b
5. ∫ f(x)dx =  ∫0
2 f(x) dx if f( −x) =f(x) (even function) 6. ∫ f(x)dx= ∫ f(a + b − x)dx
−a  a a
0 if ( −x) =−f(x) (odd function)
 a h(x)
d
8. ∫ f(t) dt = h’(x) f(h(x)) – g’(x) f(g(x))
f(x)dx =  ∫0
2a 2 f(x)dx, if f(2a − x) =
f(x)
7. ∫0 dx g(x)

0, if f(2a − x) =−f(x)
a+nT T 10. If f(x) = f(x + a) then

9. ∫ f(x)dx = n∫ f(x)dx (if f(x + T) = f(x), and n∈N i.e. f(x) is a na
∫0 f(x)dx = n∫ f(x)dx
a
a 0 0
function with period T)
b b b b/k
11. 12. =
∫ f(x)dx k ∫ f(x)dx ∀ k > 0
∫ f(x) dx ≤ ∫ | f(x) | dx a a/k
a a
d  y1  y1
13.  ∫y f(x, y)dy  = ∫y0 fx (x, y)dy (Leibnitz formula)
dx  0 
Definite integral of rational functions
∞ dx π xp −1dx
∞ π
1. ∫0 = 2.
x2 + a2 2a ∫0 1 + x sin(pπ) , 0 < p < 1
=
2 π /2 π /2 2 π π / 2 p > 0
∫ sin x dx
3. =
0 ∫=
0
cos x dx
4 4.
∞ sin(px) 
∫0 =
x
dx =
0 p 0
−π / 2 p < 0

2
∞ sin px πp 2x dx 2π
5. ∫0 x 2
=
2
6. ∫0 a + bsinx
=
a2 − b2
∞2 ∞ 2 1 π ∞ sinx ∞ cos x π
∫ sin ax dx
7. =
0 ∫0=
cos(ax )dx
2 2a
8. =
∫0 x dx ∫=
0
dx
2
x
∞ tanx π
9. ∫0 x
dx =
2
Advanced formulas
π 0 m,n int egers and m ≠ n

1. ∫ sin(mx) . sin(nx)dx = 
0
π / 2 m,n int egers and m = n
π 0 m,n int egers and m ≠ n

2. ∫ cos(mx) . cos(nx)dx = 
0
π / 2 m,n int egers and m = n
π 0 m,n int egers and m + n odd

3. ∫ sin(mx).cos(nx)dx =  2 2
0
2m / (m − n ) m,n int egers and m + n even
π /2 π /2 1.3.5....2m − 1 π
4. = 2m
∫ sin x dx ∫= cos x dx 2m
0 0 2.4.6....2m 2
Definite integrals of exponential functions
∞ a ∞ b
1. ∫ e−ax cos bx dx = 2. ∫ e−ax sin bx dx =
2 2
0
a +b 0
a + b2
2
∞ 2 1 π ∞ Γ(n + 1)
3. ∫ e−ax dx = 4. ∫ xne−ax dx =
0 2 a 0
an+1
m+1 ∞ x dx π2
Γ  6. ∫ =
2 2  0
ex − 1 6
5. ∫ xme−ax dx = 
∞
0
2a(m+1)/2
∞ xn−1 1 1 1  ∞ x dx π2
7. ∫ dx =
Γ(n)  + + + .....  8. ∫ =
0 x
e −1 1n
2n
3n

0
ex + 1 12
∞ xn−1 1 1 1  ∞e
− ax
− e−bx 1  b2 + p2 
9. ∫ dx =
Γ(n)  − + − .......  10. ∫ dx = ln  
0 x n n n
e +1 1 2 3  0 x sec (px) 2  a2 + p2 
− ax − ax
∞e − e−bx b a ∞e (1 − cos x) a
11. ∫ = dx arctan − arctan 12. ∫0 dx = arccot a − ln(a2 + 1)
0 x csc(px) p p x 2 2
Solved Examples
JEE Main/Boards π
2 θ
π
= a∫ 2sin = dθ a∫ (1 − cos θ)dθ
0
2 0
Example 1: Evaluate:
a
dx
a
a−x = a(θ − sin θ)0π = a( π) = aπ.
(i) ∫ (ii) ∫ a+ x
dx
(a2 / 4) − ( x − (a / 2) )
2
0 −a π /2
sinx
Example 2: Evaluate ∫ sinx + cos x
dx
dx x 0
Sol: (i) As we know ∫ = sin−1 , therefore by a a
a2 − x2 a
using this formula we can solve the given problem.
Sol: Let ∫ f(x)dx
= ∫ f(a − x)dx .
0 0
(ii) Put x = a cos θ : θ ∈ [0, p] and solve it using the π /2
sinx
appropriate formula. By using this we can write ∫ sinx + cos x
dx
0
a
dx π /2
(i) ∫ sin ( π / 2) − x 
0 (a / 4) − ( x − (a / 2) )
2 2 as ∫ sin ( π / 2) − x  + cos ( π / 2) − x 
dx and by adding
0
a a
 x − (a / 2)   −1 2x − a  we can get the result.
=  sin−1  ; =  sin 
 (a / 2) 0  a 0 π /2 sin ( π / 2) − x 
I= ∫ dx
π sin ( π / 2) − x  + cos ( π / 2) − x 
= [sin 1–sin (–1)] = 2 sin (1) = 2 × = π . (ii)
–1 –1 –1 0
2
π /2
Then dx = –a sin θ dθ. Hence, cos x
= ∫ cos x + sinx
dx
0
a 0
a−x 1 − cos θ
∫ a+ x
dx = ∫ 1 + cos θ
( −asin θ)dθ π /2
sinx + cos x
π /2
π
−a π =
∴ 2I ∫ =
sinx + cos x
dx ∫ dx
=
2
0 0
π 2
2sin (θ / 2) θ θ π
= a∫ . 2sin cos dθ ∴ I=
0 2cos (θ / 2)2 2 2 4
1 3 3
1  1 9
2 −∫3 ∫=
Example 3: Evaluate ∫ log  − 1  dx = = | z | dz | z | dz .
0 x  0
2
2 4
1 − x 
Sol: Here log  =  log (1 − x ) − log ( x ) and (iii) I
= ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(x)dx
a a  x  1 2
∫ f(x)dx
= ∫ f(a − x)dx by using these two formulae we
2 4
0 0
can solve it. = ∫ (4x + 3)dx + ∫ (3x + 5)dx
1 2
1
1   3x2 
4
=I ∫ log  − 1  dx 2
x  = (2x + 3x)12 + + 5x 
0  2 
 2
(Put x = cos2t: cos t > 0; then dx = –2 cos t sin t dt)
= 9 + 28 = 37.
0
− ∫ log (sec2 t − 1) . 2cos t sint dt
= 1.7
2
π /2 Example 5: Evaluate I = ∫ [x ]dx, where [x] is the
π /2 π /2 greatest integer function 0
= ∫ log(tan2 t) . sin2t dt = 2 ∫ sin2t . log(tan t)dt

0 0 Sol: [x2] takes constant values 0, 1, 2 in intervals (0, 1),
π /2 (1, 2), ( 2, 3) respectively. By substituting these
=2 ∫ log(cot t) . sin2t dt values we will get the required result.
0
1 2 1.7
π /2
I = ∫ [x2 ]dx + 2
∫ [x ]dx + ∫ [x
2
]dx
∴ 2I 2
= ∫ log(tan t . cot t)=
× sin2t dt 0
0 1 2
0
1 2 1.7
Example 4: Evaluate:
= ∫ 0 dx + ∫ 1 dx + ∫ 2 dx
0 1 2
π
(i) I = ∫ | cos x | dx = 0 + ( 2 − 1) + 2(1.7 − 2) = 2.4 − 2
0
1 Example 6: Let f(x) be an odd function in the interval

(ii) I
= ∫ | 2x + 1 | dx  T T x
−2  − ,  with period T, prove that F(x) = ∫ f(t)dt is a
 2 2 a
4 4x + 3, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 periodic function with period T.
(iii) I = ∫ f(x)dx, where f(x) =
3x + 5, 2 < x ≤ 4
1
Sol: As f(x) is an odd function.
Sol: (i) Here |cos(π – x)| = |cos x| hence | cos x | =cos x x+T x x+T
therefore using the formula ∫ cos x = sinx we can solve F(x+T)= ∫ ∫ f(t)dt +
f(t)dt = ∫ f(t)dt =
F(x) + I(x)
a a x
it. T
x+T 2
(ii) By putting 2x + 1 =we
z can solve it. where I(x) = ∫=
b c b
f(t)dt ∫=
f(t)dt 0 (since f is an odd
x T
−
(iii) As ∫=
f(x)dx ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(x)dx (a < c < b) 2
a a c function). Hence F(x) is a periodic function with period T.
By using this formula we can obtain the result. π
2
π /2 Example 7: Evaluate ∫ θ sin θ cos2 θ dθ
(i) I = 2 ∫ | cos x |dx 0
0 a a
π /2
π /2
Sol: As we know, ∫ f(x)dx
= ∫ f(a − x)dx , hence by using
= 2 ∫ cos x=
dx 2(sinx)=
0 2(1)
= 2 0 0
0 this formula we can evaluate it.
1
π
(ii)
= I ∫ | 2x + 1 | dx (put 2x +=
1 z) 2
Let I = ∫ θ sin θ cos2 θ dθ
−2
0
π 3π
2 2
= ∫ (π − θ)sin (π − θ)cos (π − θ)dθ 2I = π ∫
4
dθ π
; Put θ = + y
0
π
1 + sin θ 2
π
2 2 4
= ∫ (π − θ)sin θ cos θ dθ π π
0
4 4
dy dy
π
2 2
π
2 2 = π∫ 2π ∫
=
=π∫ sin θ cos θ dθ − ∫ θ sin θ cos θ dθ π
1 + cos y 0
1 + cos y
−
0 0 4
π 2 π
 sin2θ  π/ 4
= π∫   dθ − I π 4
y  y π
sec2 dy = π tan 
2 ∫0
0
2  I= = π tan
2  2 0 8
π π
π 2 π  1 − cos 4θ 
⇒ 2I
=
40∫ sin= 2θdθ
4 ∫0 

2
 dθ

π
JEE Advanced/Boards
π sin 4θ  π2
= θ − = 1
8 4 0 8 x2
Example 1: Show that 1 < ∫e dx < e.
π2 0
∴ I= 2
16 Sol: ex is an increasing function in [0, 1]. Further, e0 ≤
n−1
1 n+r  2
Example 8: Evaluate lim ∑n   ex ≤ e1 ∀ x ∈ [0, 1]
n→∞
r =1 n−r 
1 1 1
2
Sol: Here by using the limit as a sum method we can ∴ ∫ 1 dx < ∫ ex dx < ∫ edx
solve the given problem. 0 0 0
1
n−1 2
1 n+r  or 1 < ∫ ex dx < e.
lim ∑n  
n→∞
r =1 n−r  0
x2 2
1 t − 5t + 4
= lim ∑
n−1
1 1+r /n
= ∫
1+x
dx
Example 2: If F(x) = ∫ 4 + e2t
dt, find the critical
r =1 n 1 − r / n 1−x
n→∞ 0
0 points of F(x).
1
1+x 1 dx 1 x dx
= ∫ dx = ∫0 +∫ Sol: By using Leibnitz rule we can write
2 2 0
0 1−x 1−x 1 − x2
x2 2
t − 5t + 4
= [sin–1x – 1 − x2 ]10
F(x) = ∫ 4 + e2t
dt,
0
π
= [sin–1 1 – 0] – [sin–1 0 – 1] = +1 (x2 )2 − 5x2 + 4
2 as F'(x) = . (2x) = 0.
2
3π 4 + e2x
4
θ By Leibnitz Rule,
Example 9: Integrate
= : I ∫ 1 + sin θ dθ (x2 )2 − 5x2 + 4
π F'(x) = . (2x)
4 2
a a 4 + e2x
Sol: As ∫ f(x)dx F’(x) = 0
= ∫ f(a − x)dx hence we can
0 0
3π 3π
⇒ (x4 – 5x2 + 4) x = 0
4 4
θ π−θ ⇒ (x2 – 4) (x2 – 1) x = 0
write ∫ 1 + sin θ
dθ as ∫ 1 + sin θ
dθ and then
π π ⇒ x = 0, ±1, ±2
4 4
π These are the critical points of F(x).
by putting θ= + y we can solve the given problem.
2
3π 3π
4 4
θ π−θ
=I ∫ =
1 + sin θ
dθ ∫ 1 + sin θ dθ
π π
4 4
π /2
 2(2 + h) (4 + h) 2(2 + h) 
Example 3: Evaluate: ∫ log sin x dx = lim  + (2a + 1) + 2(a2 + a) 
n→∞  6 2 
0
π /2
8 38
Sol: We can write ∫ log sin x dx =
3
+6+4 =
3
0
π /2 b
π 
As ∫ log sin  − x  dx and then by adding these two (ii) I = ∫ sin x dx
0 2  a
integration we can obtain the result.  n 

nh = b – a ; I= lim h  ∑ sin(a + rh) 
π /2 π /2
π  h→0  
 r =1 
I= ∫ log sin x dx = ∫ log sin  2 − x  dx
0 0 h
 n h 
π /2
= lim 2  ∑ 2sin sin(a + rh) 
 
= ∫ log cos x dx h→0 h
sin  r =1
2 
0 2
π /2 π /2 h
∴ 2I = ∫ (log sinx + log cos x)dx = ∫ log(sinx cos x)dx  n  h  h 
= lim 2  ∑ cos  a + hr −  − cos  a + hr +  
0 0
h→0 h   2  2  
π /2 π /2 π /2 sin  r =1
 sin2x  2
= ∫ log 
 2 
 dx = ∫ log sin2x dx − ∫ log2 dx h
0 0 0
  h  h 
π
π /2 = lim 2  cos  a +  − cos  a + nh +  
h 2 2 
= − log2 +
2 ∫ log sin2x dx (Put 2x =
t) h→0
sin   
0 2
π = cos a – cos b
π 1
= − log2 + ∫ log sint dt
2 20 3
Example 5: Evaluate =
I ∫ (| x − 2 | +2[x])dx, where [x] is
π /2
π 1 −1
= − log2 + (2)
2 2 ∫ log sint dt. the greatest integer function.
0
Sol: By putting x − 2 =and
y it is negative in interval -3
π π to -1 and positive in interval 0 to 1.
∴ 2I = – log2 + I ⇒ I =− log2
2 2 3
3
I1= ∫ | x − 2 |dx ; Put x − 2= y
−1
2
Example 4: Evaluate: (i)
= I ∫ (x + x)dx 1 −1 1
b
1
∫ | y |dy =∫ −y dy + 2∫ y dy
−3 −3 0
(ii) I = ∫ sin x dx as limit of a sum.
a 1
= − [y 2 ]−−31 + [y 2 ]10 = 4 + 1 = 5
Sol: By using the limit as a sum method we can solve 2
the problems above. 3
(i) f(x) = x2 + x, a = 1, b = 3, nh = 3 – 1 = 2
I2 = ∫ [x] dx
−1
n
0 1 2 3
=I lim h∑ f(a + rh)
n→∞
r =1
= ∫ −dx + ∫ 0 dx + ∫ dx + ∫ 2 dx = –1 + 0 + 1 + 2 = 2
−1 0 1 2
n
= lim h∑ ((a + rh) + (a + rh)) 2
∴ I = I1 + 2I2 = 9
n→∞
r =1
∞
 n  x log x
= lim h  ∑ r 2h2 + rh(2a + 1) + (a2 + a) 
Example 6: Show that I = ∫ (1 + x2 )2 dx = 0
n→∞   0
 r =1 
Sol: By splitting the given integration into two intervals
 n(2 + h) (4 + h) n(2 + h)  i.e. from 0 to 1 and then 1 to ꝏ we can solve the given
lim h  + (2a + 1) + n(a2 + a)  problem.
n→∞  6 2 
∞ 1 ∞ b
x log x x log x x log x
∫ (1= + x2 )2
dx ∫ (1 + x2 )2 dx + ∫
(1 + x2 )2
dx Example 8: Evaluate ∫ (px + q)dx as a limit of a sum
0 0 1 a
Put x = 1/y in the second integral Sol: Here as f(x) = px + q, therefore using the limit as
∞ 0 1 sum method we can solve the given problem.
x log x y 4 log y y log y
∴ ∫ (1 + x2 )2 dx = ∫ y3 (1 + y 2 )2 dy = −∫
2 2
dy b
1 1 0 (1 + y ) =I ∫ (px + q)dx
a
1 1
x log x y log y
Thus I = ∫ (1 + x2 )2 dx − ∫ (1 + y 2 )2 dy =
0 = lim h[f(a) + f(a + h) +…..+ f(a + (n – 1)h)]
h→0
0 0
= lim h[(pa + q) + {p(a + h) + q} +……+
1 h→0
3 4
x  2x  {p(a + (n – 1)h) + q}]
Example 7: If I = ∫ cos−1   dx, then find
4
1 1−x  1 − x2  = lim h[p(a + a +…….+ a) + ph(1 + 2 +……+ (n – 1))
−
its value. 3 h→0
+ q(1 + 1 +……+ 1)]

2x   −2x  −1 
Sol: We can write cos  2 
as cos−1  
1 − x   1 − x2   1 
= lim h pna + pnh(n − 1) + qn
h→0  2 
 2x 
=  π − cos−1  and then by solving we will get the
 1 + x2   1 
= lim hpna + pnh(hn − h) + qnh …..(i)
result. h→0  2 
1 1
Since, h = (b – a)/n, or nh = b – a, we obtain from (i)
3 4 3
x 2x  −1  x4 −2x 
−1   p 
I= ∫ 1−x 4
cos   dx =
 1 − x2 
∫ 1−x 4
cos   dx
 1 − x2 
I = lim (pa + q)(b − a) + (b − a)(b − a − h)
−
1
−
1 h→0  2 
3 3
p
1 = (pa + q) (b – a) + (b – a)2
3
2
x4
 −1 2x 
= ∫  π − cos
1−x  4  dx
1 + x2  =
p
(b – a) (2a + b – a) + q(b – a)
−
1 2
3
p
1 1 = (b2 – a2) + q (b – a).
3 4 3 2
x x4
π ∫
2I = 2π ∫
dx = dx π
4 4 1 − cos nπ
1 1−x 0 1−x
− Example 9: If Un = ∫ 1 − cos x
dx where n is a positive
3 0
1 integer or zero, then show that Un+2 + Un = 2Un+1.
3
 1  π /2
I = π( −1) ∫ 1 −  dx sin2 nθ nπ
0  1 − x4  Hence show that ∫ 2
sin θ
dθ =
2
0
1
π π 3
1 1 Sol: Here Un = Un+2 – Un+1 therefore by substituting
=– + ∫ 1 − x2 + 1 + x2 dx n+2 and n+1 in place of n and solving we will get the
3 2 0
required result.
1 π
1 − cos nx
=–
π π π π 3
1 1  Un = ∫ 1 − cos x
dx
+ . +
3 2 6 4
∫ +
1−x 1+x
dx 0
0 ∴ Un+2 – Un+1
1
π
π π2 π  |1 + x | 3 {(1 − cos(n + 2)x)} − {1 − cos(n + 1)x}
=– + +  log  = ∫ (1 − cos x)
dx
3 12 4  | 1 − x | 0 0
π
 3 +1 = cos(n + 1)x − cos(n + 2)x
π2 π π ∫ dx
= − + log   (1 − cos x)
12 3 4  3 −1  0
 
π 2sin (n + (3 / 2) ) x sin(x/ 2)  x 
= ∫ know   is an odd function
0 2sin2 (x / 2)  2 − cos 2x 
( )
π sin n + (3 / 2) x π/ 4
x
∫ sin(x/ 2) dx
⇒ Un+ 2 − Un+1 = …..(i) therefore ∫ 2 − cos2x
dx = 0.
0 −π / 4
Similarly π
π/ 4
1
sin (n + (1 / 2) ) x
π
Therefore 0 +
4
2 ∫ 2 − cos2x
dx
0
⇒ Un+1 ∫ sin(x/ 2) dx
− Un = ….(ii)
0  
x
from (1) and (2), we get This is because   is an odd function,
 2 − cos 2x 
(Un+2 – Un+1) – (Un+1 – Un)
 1 
whereas   is an even function
π sin (n + (3 / 2) ) x − sin (n + (1 / 2) ) x  2 − cos 2x 
= ∫ sin(x/ 2) π/ 4
0 π dx
π
2cos(n + 1)x sin(x/ 2)  sin(n + 1)x 
π
=
2 ∫ 2 − ((1 − tan x) / (1 + tan2 x))
2
0
= ∫ sin(x/ 2)
dx = 2 
 (n + 1) 0
 =0
0
π/ 4 π/ 4
π (1 + tan2 x)dx π sec2 x dx
∴ Un+2 + Un = 2Un+1 =
2 ∫ 2(1 + tan2 x) − (1 − tan2 x)
=
2 ∫ 1 + 3tan2 x
0 0
Hence proved
Now Un+2 – Un+1 =Un+1 – Un. Now let tan x = t ∴ sec2x dx = dt
1
Similarly implies π2
π dt π
( )
1
⇒ ∫
= = tan−1 3t
Un+2 – Un+1 = Un+1 – Un = Un – Un – 1 = …….. = U1 – U0 2 0 1 + 3t2 2 3 0 6 3
∴ Un – Un–1 = U1 – U0 = π – 0
Example11: Show that
⇒ Un = π + Un–1
1
π dx π
= π + π + Un–2 < ∫ <
6 0 4 − x 2 − x3 4 2
= 2π + Un–2
∴
Un = nπ + U0 ……(3) [ U0 = 0] Sol: Since 0 < x < 1
Un = np 1 1 1
so < <
π /2 π /2
sin2 nθ 1 − cos2nθ 4 − x2 4 − x 2 − x3 4 − 2x2
Hence ∴ = ∫ sin2 θ dθ ∫ 1 − cos2θ
dθ
Hence by using the property:
0 0
dx b b
Put 2θ = x ∴ dθ =
2 If f(x) ≤ g(x) on [a, b], then ∫ f(x)dx ≤ ∫ g(x)dx we
π /2 π a a
sin2 nθ 1 1 − cosnx
Hence ∫ sin2 θ
dθ =
2 ∫0 1 − cos x
dx can solve the given problem.
0
Integrate the above relation
1 1
= U=
n nπ {from (1)} 1 1 1
2 2 dx dx dx
∫ < ∫ < ∫
π/ 4
x + ( π / 4) 0 4 − x2 0 4 − x2 − x2 0 4 − 2x2
Example 10: Solve ∫ 2 − cos2x dx. 1 1
−π / 4  −1 x  1 dx 1  −1 x 
 sin  <
2 0 ∫0 <  sin
2

2 0
π/ 4
x + ( π / 4)  4 − x 2 − x3
Sol: By splitting ∫ dx
2 − cos2x 1
−π / 4 π dx π
6
< ∫ 2 3
<
4 2
.
π/ 4
x π 1
π/ 4 0 4−x −x
= ∫ 2 − cos2x
dx +
4 ∫ 2 − cos2x dx and as we Hence proved.
−π / 4 −π / 4
JEE Main/Boards
Exercise 1 x2
Q.13 If f(x) = ∫ 1 + t2 dt , then find the value of f'(x).
1/2 0
dx
Q.1 ∫ π /2
π + 4x2
x − x2 Q.14 Evaluate
1/ 4
∫ dx.
−π /2 − cos ( | x | +( π / 3) )
π /2
dx
Q.2 ∫ (4 sin x + 5cos2 x)
2
x
log t
0 Q.15 If f(x) = ∫ l + t dt then prove that
1
π /2
sin2 x 1 1
Q.3 ∫ 1 + sinx cos x
dx (lnx)2 2. .
f(x) + f   = (logx)
x 2
0  
1
2t
Q.4 ∫ | 5x − 3 | dx Q.16
0
∫ | logx | dt
1
x
3
2x + 1, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
Q.5 ∫ f(x)dx, where f(x) =  x2 + 1, x sin (n + (1 / 2) ) x
2≤x≤3
1  Q.17 ∫ 2sin(x/ 2)
dx, n ∈ N.
0
π/ 4
Q.6 ∫ | sinx |dx x
−π / 4 Q.18 If F(x) = ∫ (3sint + 4 cos t)dx . Find the
5x
π
x 4
Q.7 ∫ dx  5π 4 π 
(1 + sin2 x) least value of F(x) on the interval  , .
0
4 3 
2 π
2 4
Q.8 Evaluate using limit of a sum: ∫ (x + 1)dx
Q.19 If IA = ∫ tan
n
θ dθ , n ∈ N, then find n(In–1 + In+1)
0
and IB. 0
π /2
Q.9 Evaluate: ∫ | sinx − cos x | dx
0
Q.20 If ‘‘a’’ is a positive integer, solve for ‘‘a’’
a
Q.10 If f and g are continuous function on [0, a]  2  cos3x 3   −a3
satisfying f(x) = f(a – x) and g(x) + g(a– x) = 2 then, ∫   4 4
a + cos x 

+ asinx − 20 cos x 

dx ≤
3
.
0
show that
a
Q.21 If f(x) = sin x, then find its mean value on (–2, 0).
∫ f(x)g(x)dx = ∫ f(x)dx.
0
π
1
100 π Q.22 Evaluate I = ∫ dx.
Q.11 Evaluate: ∫ 1 − cos2x dx 0 x + a2 − x2
0
a a2
 x  dx n(n − 1)(4 π + 1)
Q.12 (i) Show that if f(t) is an odd function then ∫ f(t)dx Q.23 Show
= that I ∫=
  6
, where
0
is an even function w.r.t. x. 0
x [x] is the greatest integer function.
(ii) Can ∫ f(t)dt be an odd function if f(t)dt is an even
nx +λ
a
function?
Q.24 Show that I = ∫ | sinx | dx = 2n + 1 − cos λ , n∈N,
0 ≤ λ < π. 0
x
π π sin2x,sin ( ( π / 2)cos x ) 8 Q.4 ∫0 | cos x |dx equals
Q.25 Show that I = ∫ 2x − π
dx =
x2
.
0 (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.26 Let f and g be function satisfying the following 2

Q.5 ∫−2 | 2x + 3 |dx equals
conditions:
(i) f(0) = 1 (ii) f(x) = g(x), g’(x) = f(x) 25 25 25
(A) (B) 0 (C) (D)
(iii) g(0) = 0 (iv) g(x) ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R 2 4 3
Find f(1). 2
2
Q.6 ∫ |1− x | dx =
Q.27 Show that −2
π (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

(i) ∫ log(1 + cos x)dx =
π log(1/ 2) ;
0
x2 2
t − 5t + 4
(ii) ∫
π /3
dx
=
π Q.7 The point of extremum of ∫ 2 + et
dt are
0
π /6 1 + cot x
12
(A) x = –2 (B) x = 1
Q.28 Prove that (C) x = 0 (D) All of the above
π
dx π π
∫ 1 − 2acos x + x2 − 1 − a2 or
2
a −1
; a > 0, Q.8 The point of intersection
0
x x
According as a < 1 or a > 1. F1(x) = ∫ (2t − 5) dt and F2 (x) = ∫ 2t dt, are -
a 2 0
∫ x dx
Q.29 (i) Evaluate lim 0  6 36  2 4 1 1  1 1 
n→0 α sin α (A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 5 25  3 9 3 9  5 25 
a
dy
(ii) If y = x ∫ ln
logdxdx, Find at x = e.
x
dx Q.9 If f and g are continuous function on [0, a) satisfying
a
Q.30 Find the intervals of increase of f(x) defined by f(x) f(x) = f(a – x) and g(x)+g(a–x)=2,then I = ∫ f(x)g(x)dx =
α a 0 0
2 2
= ∫ (t + 2t) (t − 1)dt. (A) ∫ f(x)dx (B) ∫ f(x)dx
0 0 a
a
Exercise 2 (C) 2∫ f(x)dx (D) None of these

0
Single Correct Choice Type log5

ex ex − 1
Q.10 The value of integral ∫ dx =
1 1 − 2x, x < 0 0 ex + 3
Q.1 ∫ f(x) dx is equal to where f(x) = 
−1
1 + 2x, x ≥ 0 (A) 3 + 2p (B) 4 – p
(A) 4 (B) –4 (C) 2 (D) –2 (C) 2 + p (D) None of these
π
1 |x|
Q.2 ∫−1 e dx equals Q.11 The value of the integral ∫ sin mx sinnx dx for m
≠ n (m, n ∈ I), is - −α
(A) 2e (B) 2e – 1 (C) 2e – 2 (D) e – 2
(A) 0 (B) p (C) π/2 (D) 2p
1
Q.3 ∫0 [x]dx equals ; where [·] is G.I.F.
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1

e Q.20 If [x] stands for the greatest integer

Q.12 ∫ | logx |dx = 10
[x2 ]
1/e function, the value of ∫ [x2 − 28x + 196] + [x2 ] dx is
1  1 4
(A) 1 − (B) 2  1 − 
e  e (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) None of these
(C) e – 1
–1
(D) None of these
3
π Q.21 The value of ∫ (| x − 2 | +[x])dx is ([x]

dx
Q.13 ∫ 1 − 2a cos x + a2 = −1
stands for greatest integer less than or equal to x)
0
π (A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3

(A) (B) π(1 – a2)
2
2(1 − a )
π /2
π sin2 x
(C)
1− a
(D) None of these Q.22 ∫ sinx + cos x
dx is equal to
0
π
1 (A) (B) 2 log( 2 + 1)
2
Q.14 ∫ (1 − x)9 dx =
0 1
1 11 (C) log( 2 + 1) (D) None of these
(A) x (B) (C) (D) 2 2
10 10
π /2
π Q.23 If u10 – ∫ x10 sinx dx then the value of
dx
Q.15 ∫ 3
=
u10 + 90 u8 is
0
 x + x2 + 1 
0
 
 
8 9 9 9
3 1 3 π π π π
(A) (B) (C) − (D) None of these (A) 9   (B)   (C) 10   (D) 9  
8 8 8 2 2 2 2
Q.16 If [x] denotes the greatest integer less Q.24 For any integer n, the integral
5
π
than or equal to x, then the value ∫ [| x − 3 |]dx is - sin2 x
cos3 (2n + 1)x dx has the value
1
∫e
0
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
(A) p (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
π /2
sinx 2
Q.17 ∫ e− cos x dx is equal to - π /2
−π /2 1 + cos x
2 Q.25 The value of ∫ sin(log(x + x2 + 1))dx is
−π /2
(A) 2e–1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these (A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
Q.18 The value of Q.26 The value of α ∈ (-π, 0) satisfying

1/2 2α
  x + 1 2  x − 1 2 
1/2
∫−1/2  x − 1   x + 1  
   +   − 2 dx equal
sin α + ∫ cos2x dx = 0 is
α
  (A) –π/2 (B) –p (C) –π/3 (D) 0
(A) log (4/3) (B) 2 log (4/3) x4
(C) 4 log (4/3) (D) –4 log (4/3) Q.27 If f(x) = ∫ sin t dt, then f–1(x) equals
x2
Q.19 Let f(x) = x – [x], for every real number (A) sin x2 – sin x (B) 4x3 sin x2 – 2x sin x
1 (C) x4 sin x2 – x sin x (D) None of these
x, where [x] is integral pat of x. Then ∫ f(x)dx is
−1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) ½

π
4
Q.2 For any integer n, the integral
Q.28 ∫ x sinx cos x dx = x cos2 x
0 ∫0 e cos3 (2n + 1)x dx has the value (1985)
π π π
(A) (B) (C) − (D) None of these (A) p (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
10 5 5
Q.29 If f(x) = ae2x + bex + cx, satisfies the conditions f(0) Q.3 Let f: R → R be a differentiable function and
f(x) 2t
= –1, f’(log 2) f(1) = 4. Then, the value of lim ∫ dt is (1990)
log 4 x→ 1 4 x −1
39
= 31, ∫ (f(x) − cx)dx = , then (A) 8f’ (1) (B) 4f’ (1) (C) 2f’ (1) (D) f’ (1)
0
2
(A) a = 5, b = 6, c = 3 (B) a = 5, b = –6, c = 3 π /2 dx

Q.4 The value of ∫0 is (1993)
1 + tan3 x
(C) a = –5, b = 6, c = 3 (D) None of these
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) π/2 (D) π/4
π/ 4 x 2
e sec x dx
Q.30 ∫ e2x − 1
is equal to
Q.5 The value of
2π
∫0 [2sinx]dx where [·] represents the
−π / 4
greatest integral function, is (1995)
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) e (D) None of these
5π 5π
(A) − (B) – p (C) (D) –2p
a 3 3
Q.31  1 + x2  dx is equal to
∫ loga  x +  x 1
−1 Q.6 ∫0 f(t)dt + x + ∫x t f(t)dt,then the value of f(1) is
(A) 2 logaa (B) 0 (1998)
1 1
(C) loga2 + log a (D) None of these (A) (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) –
2 2
sin2 x Q.7
3π / 4 dx
is equal to (1999)
Q.32 The value of ∫ (x / π) + (1 / 2) dx, where [x] ∫π / 4 1 + cos x
  −2
1 1
= the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is (A) 2 (B) –2 (C) (D) –
2 2
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 4 – sin 4 (D) None of these
Q.8 If for a real number y, [y] is the greatest integer
x less than or equal to y, then the value of the integral
2
Q.33 If f(x) = ∫ log(1 + t )dt then the value of f’(1) is 3π /2
[2sinx]dx is (1999)
equal to 0 ∫π /2
π π
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) None of these (A) –p (B) 0 (C) − (D)
2 2
x
dx π cos2 x
Q.34 ∫ 1 + 3cos x is equal to Q.9 The value of ∫−π 1 + ax dx, a > 0 , is (2001)
0
π π
(A) p (B) 0 (C) (D) None of these (A) p (B) ap (C) (D) 2p
2 2
π
Q.10 Let f : (0, ∞) → R and F(x) = ∫0 f(t)dt, If
Previous Years’ Questions F(x2) = x2 (1 + x), then f(4) equals (2001)
5
Q.1 The value of the integral (A) (B) 7 (C) 4 (D) 2
4
π /2 cot x
∫0 dx is (1983) x
cot x + tanx Q.11 Let f(x) = ∫1 2 − t2 dt. Then, the real value of x if it
(A) π/4 (B) π/2 (C) p (D) None of these satisfies x2 – f’(x) = 0 are (2002)
1 1
(A) ±1 (B) ± (C) ± (D) 0 and 1
2 2
Q.12 Let T > 0 be a fixed real number. Suppose, f is x
a continuous function such that for all x ∈ R, f(x + T) Q.20 ∫ cot x dx, . denotes the greatest integer
0
= f(x). If I =
T 3+3T
function, is equal to (2009)
∫0 f(x)dx, then the value of ∫3 f(2x)dx,
π π
(2002) (A) (B) 1 (C) -1 (D) −
3 2 2
(A) I (B) I (C) 3I (D) 6I
2
Q.21 Let p ( x ) be a function defined on R such that
x2 +1 − t2 p (=
x ) p (1 − x ) for all p ( 0 ) = 1 p (1 ) = 41 .Then
Q.13 If f(x) = ∫x2
e dt, then f(x) increases in (2003) 1
(A) (2, 2) (B) No value of x (C) (0, ∞) (D) (– ∞, 0) ∫ p ( x ) dx equals. (2010)

0
1 1−x (A) 21 (B) 41 (C) 42 (D) 41

Q.14 The value of the integral ∫0 1+x
dx is (2004)
1 8log (1 + x )
π π Q.22 The value of . is
(A) + 1 (B) − 1 (C) –1 (D) 1 ∫ 1 + x2
dx (2011)
2 2 0
π π
(A) log2 (B) log2 (C) log2 (D) π log2
Q.15 Match the conditions expressions in column I with 8 2
statement in column II (2007)
x
Q.23 If g ( x ) = ∫0 cos 4t dt , then g ( x + π ) equals (2012)
Column I Column II g(x)
(A) (B) g ( x ) + g ( π )
1 dx 1 2 g ( π)
(A) ∫−1 1 + x2 (p) log  
2 3 (C) g ( x ) − g ( π ) (D) g ( x ) .g ( π )
π /3
1 dx 2 dx
(B) ∫0 (q) 2log  
3
Q.24 Statement-I : The value of the integral ∫
1 − x2 π /6 1 + tanx
is equal to π / 6 .
3 dx π
(C) ∫2 1 − x2 (r) b b
3 Statement-II: ∫ f ( x ) dx= ∫ f ( a + b − x ) dx (2013)
a a
2 dx π
(D) ∫1 (s) (A) Statement-I is true; statement-II is true; statement-II
x x −12 2 is a correct explanation for statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is true; statement-II is true; statement-II
2 2 is not a correct explanation for statement-I.
Q.16The value of ∫−2 | 1 − x | dx is….. (1989)
(C) Statement-I is true; statement-II is false.
3π / 4 x (D) Statement-I is false; statement-II is true.
Q.17The value of ∫π / 4 1 + sinx
dx..... (1993)
1
 1  e+
Q.25 The integral ∫  1 + x −  e x dx is equal to (2014)
3 x  x
Q.18The value of ∫2 dx is….. (1994)
5−x + x x+
1
x+
1
(A) ( x + 1 ) e x +c (B) −xe x +c
1 1
sinx cos x
Q.19 Let = ∫ x
dx and J = ∫ x
dx .
(C) ( x − 1 )
x+
1
x +c (D) xe
x+
1
x +c
0 0
Then which one of the following is true? (2008) 4

logx2
Q.26 The integral ∫ logx2 + log 36 − 12x + x2 dx
(A) I >
2
3
and J > 2 (B) I <
2
3
and J < 2 2 ( )
is equal to (2015)
2 2
(C) I < and J > 2 (D) I > and J < 2 (A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) 6
3 3
JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1 Q.7 Let h(x) = (fog) (x) + K where K is any

d sinx
1 constant. If (h(x)) = – then
tan−1 x −1 dx −2
Q.1 ∫e sin (cos x)dx. cos (cos x)
0
compute the value of j(0) where j(x)
f(x)
Q.2 Prove that : f(t)
∫ dt, where f and g are trigonometric functions.
1 g(t)
(β − α )2 x g(x)
(i) ∫ (x − α )(β − x)dx −
8
0
π /2
a 1 − sin2x
(ii) ∫
x−α
dx = (β − α )
π Q.8 ∫ 1 + sin2x
dx
0
β−x 2 0
a 2
dx π Q.9 If the value of the definite integral I = ∫ (3x2 − 3x + 1)
(iii) ∫x = where α, β > 0
0 (x − α )(β − x) αβ 0
cos(x3 – 3x3 + 4x – 2) dx can be expressed in the form as
b
x dx π p(sin q where p, q ∈ N, then find (p + q).
(iv) ∫ = ( α + β) where α < β
0 (x − α )(β − x) 2
3
nπ 2x7 + 3x6 − 10x5 − 7x3 − 12x2
Q.3 (i) Let β(Π) = ∫ 1 − sint dt.
Q.10 ∫ x2 + 2
dx .
− 2
0
Find the value of β(2) – β(1).
Q.11 For a ≥ 2, if the value of the definite integral
(ii) Determine a positive integer n ≤ 5, such that
a
1 dx x
x
∫ e (x − 1)
n
dx = 16 – 6e. ∫ a2 + (x − (1x))2 equals
5050
. Find the value of a.
0 0
π /2
 x x
Q.4 (i) ∫ ex cos(sinx)cos2 + sin(sinx)sin2  dx 2
x2 − x
2 2
π
0  Q.12 ∫ .
x2 + 4
∫ {(1 + x)e } ln x dx.
x −x −2
(ii) + (1 − x)e
0 π/ 4 2
 cos x 
Q.13Let u = ∫   dx and
∞ ∞ ∞  sinx − cos x 
x2 x dx dx 0
Q.5 If P = ∫ 1 + x 4 dx ;Q = ∫ 1 + x 4 and R = ∫ 1 + x4 π/ 4 2
0 0 0  sinx + cos x  v
v= ∫   dx . Find the value of
then prove that 0  cos x  u
π π/ 4
x dx
(i) Q = ,
4 Q.14 ∫ cos x(cos x + sinx)
.
0
(ii) P = R 1
sin−1 x
π
Q.15 ∫ x2 − x + 1 dx
0
(iii) P − 2 Q + R =
2 2
1+ 5
2
(x2 − 1)dx
u 2
x2 + 1
 1
Q.6 ∫ = where u and v are Q.16 ln  1 + x −  dx
1x
2
2x − 2x + 1 v
4 2 ∫ 4
x − x +1  2 x
1
(1000)u
in their lowest form. Find the value of
V
1π π /2
cos x
Q.17 Lim n2 ∫ (2010 sinx + 2012cos x) | x | dx . Q.29 Evaluate ∫ dx .
x →0
−1 π 0
1 + cos x + sinx
Q.18 Find the value of the definite integral π

ln(I + ax)
π Q.30 ∫ dx, a ∈ N.
1 + x2
∫| 2 sinx + 2cos x | dx. 0
0
ln3
π
(cos x + cos2x + cos3x) + 2 2
ex + 1
Q.19 If ∫ Q.31 ∫ dx .
(sinx + sin2x + sin3x) dx2 0 e2x + 1
0
π  a π /2
has the value equal to  + w  . w are positive integer.
k  Q.32 If ∫ x dx = 2a ∫ sin3 x dx , find the value of
Find the value of (k2 + w2). a+1 0 0
∫ x dx .
1 a
1−x dx
Q.20 ∫
0
1 +x x + x 2 + x3 Q.33 Let α, β be the distinct positive
1 roots of the
equation tan x = 2x then evaluate ∫ (sinα x . sinβ x)dx,
π /2 independent of α and β. 0
asinx + bcos x
Q.21 ∫ dx .
π  p+q
0 sin  + x 
4  Q.34 Show that ∫ = 2q + sinp where q ∈ N
| cos x | dx
0
π π
Q.22 A continuous real function f satisfies f(2x) = 3 f(x) &– <p< .
2 2
∀ x ∈ R.
π
Q.35 Show that the sum of the two integrals
If ∫ f(x)dx = 1 , then compute the value of definite
0 2 −π 2/3
2 (x −2x)2
integral ∫ f(x)dx. ∫ e(x +1) dx + 3 ∫e dx is zero.
1 −1 1/3
3 Q.36 Let F(x) = max (sin px, cos px). Find the value of
Q.23 The value of ∫−1 {lx − 2l + [x]} dx , where [x]
π
10
denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x is.

4 2
∫ F(x)dx.
−10
0
2x
Q.24 ∫ sin−1 dx . π /2  1 + sinx + 1 − sinx 
1 1 + x2 Q.37 ∫ tan−1   dx .
0  1 + sinx − 1 − sinx 
1
(ax + b)sec x tanx
Q.25 ∫ dx (a,b > 0) Q.38 Comment upon the nature of roots of the quadratic
0 4 + tan2 x 1
π
equation x2 + 2x = k + ∫ | t + k | dt dependent on the
(2x + 3)sinx
Q.26 ∫ (1 + cos2 x) dx . value of k ∈ R.
0
1
(2x232 + x998 + 4x1668 sinx691 )
π /2
cos x Q.39 ∫
Q.27 Evaluate ∫ cos x + sinx
−1 1 + x666
0
nπ π 
x | sinx | x2 sin2x . sin  cos x 
Q.28 If ∫ I + | cos x |
dx (n ∈ N) is equal to 100 π log 2,
Q.40 π∫
π
2  dx
0
2x − π
then the value of n. 0
π
(x − x )
1/3 x
3
Q.41 Evaluate
1
Q.5 Solve ∫ a2 cos2 x + b2 sin2 x dx
∫ x4
dx 0
1/3
2
π π2
(A) (B)
n=1  k −1  2ab 4ab
1
Q.42 Lim
x →∞ n2
∑ k ∫ (x − k)(k + 1 − x)dx 
 k  π2 π
k =0
(C) (D)
3ab 5ab
π /2
cos x + 4
Q.43 Let I = ∫ 3sinx + 4 cos x + 25
dx and π/ 4
sec x
0 Q.6 ∫ 1 + 2sin2 x
is equal to -
π /2 0
sinx + 3
I= ∫ 3sinx + 4 cos x + 25
dx .
1 π 1 π
0 (A) log( 2 + 1) + (B) log( 2 + 1) −
c c 3 2 2 3 2 2
If 25 I = aπ + b ln where a, b, c and d ∈ N and is
d d
π π
not a perfect square of a rational then find the value of (C) 3 log( 2 + 1) − (D) 3 log( 2 + 1) +
(a + b + c + d). 2 2 2 2
1
x2
Q.44 Let y = f(x) be a quadratic function with f(2) = 1.
Q.7 If ∫e (x − α )dx = 0, then
0
Find the value of the integral (A) 1 < α < 2 (B) α < 0
2 +π
x −2
(C) 0 < α < 1 (D) None of these
∫ f(x).sin 
 2 
 dx .
2 −π π /2
Q.8 ∫ {x − [sinx]}dx is equal to -
b
Exercise 2 (A)
π2
(B)
π2
−1 (C)
π2
−2 (D) None of these
8 8 8
Single Correct Choice Type 100
2
Q.9 The value of the integral ∫ sin{x − [x]}π dx is -
Q.1 ∫ | x2 + 2x − 3 |dx equals b
0
100 200
(A) (B) (C) 100 p (D) 200 p
(A) 5/3 (B) 7/3 (C) 4 (D) 0 π π
∝
π /2
 xlogx
π Q.10 The value of the integral ∫ (1 + x2 )2 dx is -
Q.2 The correct evaluation of ∫ sin  x −  dx is -
 4 0
0
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) None of these
(A) 2 + 2 (B) 2 − 2 (C) −2 + 2 (D) 0 1/n
 1  2  3  n 
π Q.11 lim  1 +   1 +   1 +  ......  1 +   is
Q.3 The correct evaluation of ∫ | sin4 x |dx is -
n→∞ 
 n  n  n  n 
0 equal to -
8π 2π 4π 3π
(A) (B) (C) (D) (A) e/4 (B) 4/e (C) 2/e (D) None of these
3 3 3 8
1.5 Q.12 The solution of the equation

2
Q.4 ∫ [x ]dx, where [·] denotes the greatest integer x
∫log2
1
dx =
π
0 x 6
function, equals - e −1
(A) 2 + 2 (B) 2 − 2 (A) x = log 4 (B) x = log 2
(C) −2 + 2 (D) −2 − 2 1

(C) x = log   (D) None of these
4
Q.13 The value of Q.3 Let f be a non-negative function defined

x
 1 4 9  on the interval [0, 1] . If ∫0 1 − (f '(t))2 dt =
lim  + + + ... + n terms  is -
n→∞  1 + n3 3 3 x
8+n 27 + n  0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and f(0) = 0, then
∫0 f(t)dt, (2009)
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) log2 (B) 0 (C) log3 (D) None of these (A) f   < and f   >
3 3
2 2 3 3
Q.14 lim 1 1 1 1

n→∞ (B) f   > and f   >
2 2 3 3
 n2 n2 n2 
 2 2 3/2
+ + ... +  is 1 1 1 1
 (n + 1 ) (n2 + 22 )3/2 [n2 + (n − 1)2 ]3/2  (C) f   < and f   <
2 2 3 3
equal -
1 1 1 1
1 1 (D) f   > and f   <
(A) − (B) (C) 2 (D) None of these 2 2 3 3
2 2
  Q.4 The value of
Q.15 lim  n + n
+
n
+ .... +
n

n→∞
 n2 (n + 4)3 (n + 8)3 [n + 4(n − 1)]3  log3 x sinx2
∫ log2 sinx2 + sin(log6 − x2 ) dx is - (2011)
is equal -
1  1
(A) 5 − 5  (B) 5 − 5  (C) 5 − 5  (D) 0 1 3 1 3 3 1 3
10     5  (A) log (B) log (C) log (D) log
4 2 2 2 2 6 2
1
  π  2π   3π   nπ   6
Q.16 lim tan   tan   tan   ... tan    n
n
n→∞ 
  2n   2n   2n   2n   Q.5 Let Sn = ∑ n2 + kn + k 2 and
k =0
is equal -
n−1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 2 n
Tn = ∑ n2 + kn + k 2 , for n = 1, 2, 3 ….. , then (2008)
k =0
π π
Previous Years’ Questions (A) Sn <
3 3
(B) Sn >
3 3
π π
1/2 
1 + x  (C) Tn < (D) Tn >
Q.1 The integral ∫  [x] + log   dx equals ( 2002) 3 3 3 3
1/2
  1 − x 
1 1
sinnx
(A) − (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) log   π
2 2
Q.6 If In = ∫−π (1 + πx )sinx dx, n = 0, 1, 2,…, then (2009)
10
1
Q.2 If I(m,n) = ∫ tm (1 + t)n dt, then the expression for
0
(A) In = In + 2 (B) ∑ I2m+1= 10π
m=1
I(m,n) in terms of I(m + 1, n – 1) is (2003) 10
(C) ∑ I2m = 0 (D) In = In+1
2n n m=1
(A) − I(m + 1,n − 1)
m+1 m+1 1
x 4 (1 − x)4
(B)
n
I(m + 1,n − 1)
Q.7 The value(s) of ∫ 1 + x2
dx is (are) (2010)
0
m+1
22 2 71 3π
2n n (A) −π (B) (C) 0 (D) −
(C) + I(m + 1,n − 1) 7 105 15 2
m+1 m+1
m Paragraph for Q.8
(D) I(m + 1,n − 1)
m+1
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
For every function f(x) which is twice differentiable,
these will be good approximation of
b b −a π /3 π + 4x3
∫a f(x)dx =  2  {f(a) + f(b)}, Q.14 Evaluate ∫−π /3 2 − cos (| x | +(π / 3)) dx. (2004)
for more accurate results for c∈(a, b),

c−a b−c Q.15 Evaluate
F(c)
= [f(a) − f(c)] + [f(b) − f(c)]
2 2 π |cos x|  1  1 
∫0 e  2sin  cos x  + 3cos  cos x   sinx dx (2005)
a+b  2  2 
When c =
2
1
b b−a (5050)∫ (1 − x50 )100 dx
∫a f(x)dx
=
4
{f(a) + f(b) + 2f(c)}dx (2006) Q.16 The value of
1
0
(2006)
∫0 (1 − x50 )101 dx
π /2
Q.8 Good approximation of ∫ sinx dx,is (2003)
0 0x f '(t)
Q.17 Let g ( x ) = ∫ 1 + t2 dt , then which of the following
(A) π/4 (B) π( 2 + 1) / 4
0
is true? (2008)
(C) π( 2 + 1) / 8 (D) π/8
(A) g ( x ) is positive on ( −∞ ,0 ) and negative on ( ∞ ,0 )
Q.9 If f’’(x) < 0, “x∈ (a, b), and (c,f(c)) is point of maxima
(B) g ( x ) is negative on ( −∞ ,0 ) and positive on ( 0,∞ )
where c∈(a, b), then f’(c) is - (2009)
(C) g ( x ) changes sign on both ( −∞ ,0 ) and ∴
f(b) − f(a)  f(b) − f(a) 
(A) (B) 3   (D) g ( x ) does not change sign on ( ∞ , ∞ )
b−a  b−a 
 f(b) − f(a)  1
(C) 2   (D) 0
 b−a  Q.18 ∫ g' ( x ) dx = (2008)
−1
(A) 2g ( −1 ) (C) −2g (1 ) (D) 2g (1 )

1
∫ f(x)dx − ((t − a) / 2){f(t) + f(a)} (B) 0
Q.10 If lim a = 0, then
t →a (t − a)3
degree of polynomial function f(x) at most is - (2002) Q.19 The total number of distinct x ∈ 0,1  for which
x
t2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2 ∫ 1 + t 4 dt= 2x − 1 is (2016)
0
Q.11 For any real number x, let [x] denotes the largest Q.20 Let f R → R be a continuous function which satisfies
integer less than or equal to x. Let f be a real valued x
function defined on the interval f ( x ) = ∫ f ( t ) dt . Then the value of f(In5) is (2009)
0
x − [x] if [x] is odd
[–10, 10] by f(x) = 
1 + [x] − x if [x] is even Q.21 Let f be a non-negative function defined on the
x x
( )
2
π2 10 interval 0,1 ∫ 1 − f ' (=
t ) dt ∫ f ( t ) dt 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and
Then the value of f(x) cospxdx is ……. (2010)
10 ∫−10 0 0
f ( 0 ) = 0 then (2009)
tx log
Q.12 For x > 0, let f(x) = ∫ dt . Find the function 1 1 1 1
1 1+ t (A) f   < and f   >
2
  2 3 3
f(x) + f(1/x) and show that f(e) +f(1/e) = 1/2. Here,
ln t = loget (2000) 1 1 1 1
(B) f   > and f   >
2 2 3 3
Q.13 If f is an even function, then prove that 1 1 1 1
(C) f   < and f   <
π /2
f(cos2x)cos x dx = 2 ∫
π/ 4
f(sin2x)cos x dx (2003) 2 2 3 3
∫0 0
1 1 1 1
(D) f   > and f   <
2 2 3 3
Q.22 Match the statements/expressions in column I with the open intervals in column II. (2009)
Column I Column II
(A) Interval contained in the domain of definition of non-zero
 π π
(p)  − , 
 2 2
5  π
(B) Interval containing the value of the integral ∫ ( x − 1)( x − 2)( x − 3)( x − 4 ) dx (q)  0,


2
1
2 π π
(C) Interval in which at least one of the points of local maximum of cos x + sin lies
(r)  , 
8 2
(D) Interval in which tan
−1
( sinx + cox ) is increasing 
(s)  0,
π

 2
(
(t) −π, π )
Q.23 Match the statements in column I with those in column II. (2010)
Column I Column II
8
x−
x − 2 y −1 z +1 3 y=+ 3 z −1
(A) A line from the origin meets the lines = = and = at P and Q
1 −2 1 2 −1 1 (p) -4
respectively. If length PQ = d Then d2 is
3  
(B) The values of x satisfying tan
−1
( x + 3) − tan−1 ( x − 3) =
sin−1  
5
(q) 0
 
        
(C) Non-zero vectors a,b and c satisfy a.c
= 0 b− a . b− c = ( )( )
0 and possible values of are (r) 4
 9x  x
f 0 = 9 and f x
(D) Let f be the function on  −π, π  given by = sin  ( ) () 2
 / sin   x ≠ 0
π   2 (r) 5
2
The value of ∫ f ( x )dx is
π −π
(s) 6
x
1 tlog(1 + n) log3
Q.24 The value of lim ∫ dt is (2010) x sinx2
Q.26 The value of dx is
x → 0 x3
0 t +44
sinx 2
+ sin(log6 − x 2
)
∫
log2
1 1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) (2011)
12 24 64
11 33 11 33 3 1133
4 (A) log
InIn (B) log
InIn (C) log
In (D) log
In In
1 4 (1 − x ) 44 22 22 22 2 6622
x
Q.25 The value (s) of ∫ dx is (are) (2010)
0 1 + x2 ππ/2
/2
 2 ππ++xx
22 2 Q.27 The value of the integral ∫∫ xx2++log
nn  cos
ππ−−xx
cosxdx
xdx
(A) −π (B) −π/2
−π
7 105 is /2
(2012)
2 2 2
π π π
71 3π (A) 0 (B) −4 (C) + 4 (D)
(C) 0 (D) − 2 2 2
15 2
π /2 1
 −1   12 + 9x 2 
∫ ( 2cosecx )
17
Q.28 The following integral dx is equal Q.31 If α =∫  e9x +3 tan x    dx
   1 + x2 
π/ 4 0  
to (2014)
Where tan−1 takes only principal values, then the value
 3π 
(
log 1 + 2 ) of  loge 1 + α −  is (2015)
( ) 4 
16
(A) u −u 
∫ 2 e +e du
0
Q.32 The option(s) with the values of a and L that satisfy
(
log 1 + 2 ) the following equation is(are)
( )
16
(B) ∫ 2 eu + e−u du 4π
0
∫e
t
(sin at + cos at )
6 4
(
log 1 + 2 ) 0
= L? (2015)
(e )
16 π
(C) ∫
u −u
0
−e du
∫e
t
(sin at + cos at )
6 4
0
(
log 1 + 2 ) e4 π − 1 e4 π + 1
( ) (A)=
a 2,L (B)=
a 2,L
16 = =
(D) ∫ 2 e −eu −u
du eπ − 1 eπ + 1
0
e4 π − 1 e4 π + 1
a 4,L
(C)= = a 4,L
(D)= =
Q.29 Match the following: (2014) eπ − 1 eπ + 1
List I List II
Q.33 The correct statement(s) is(are) (2015)
(i) The number of polynomials f x with non ( ) (p) 8
(A) f ' (1 ) < 0
negative integer coefficients of degree ≤ 2
1 (B) f ' ( 2 ) < 0
satisfying f 0 = 0 and( ) ∫ f ( x ) dx = 1 ,is (C) f ' ( x ) ≠ 0 for any x ∈ (1,3)
0
(ii) The number of points in the interval (q) 2 (D) f ( x ) = 0 for some x ∈ (1,3)
 − 13, 13  at which
 
= f x sin x2 + cos x2 () ( ) ( ) Q.34 Let f : R → R be a function defined by
attains its maximum value, is   x  x ≤ 2 
f ( x ) =    where  x  is the greatest integer
2 (r) 4  0 x > 2
3x2
(iii) ∫ dx equals
−2 (1 + e ) x less than or equal to x.
(s) 0 If I =
2
( )
xf x2
dx, then the value of (4I - 1) is
 1/2 1 + x   ∫ 2 + f ( x + 1 )dx
 ∫ cos2.x.log   dx  −1
  1 − x  
 −1/2 (2015)
(iv) equals
1/2
1 + x  π
∫ cos2x.log  1 − x dx  2
x2 cos x
0 Q.35 The value of ∫ 1 + ex
dx is equal to (2016)
π
−
Codes: i ii iii iv 2
(A) r q s p π2 π2
(A) −2 (B) +2
(B) q r s p 4 4
π π
(C) r q p s (C) π2 − e 2 (D) π2 + e 2
(D) q r p s
1  2 
Q.30 The value of 3 d
∫  dx2 1 − x
0
4x

2
( )dx is __________
(2014)
PlancEssential Questions
JEE Main/Boards JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Q.3 Q.8 Q.12 Q.2 Q.7 Q.10
Q.17 Q.21 Q.23 Q.15 Q.22 Q.27
Q.26 Q.28 Q.32 Q.34 Q.44
Exercise 2 Exercise 2
Q.9 Q.12 Q.17 Q.2 Q.7 Q.10
Q.20 Q.23 Q.29 Q.12 Q.15
Q.32 Q.34
Previous Years’ Questions Previous Years’ Questions

Q.4 Q.8 Q.11 Q.1 Q.4 Q.6
Q.7 Q.10 Q.15
Answer Key
JEE Main/Boards
Exercise 1
π π π
Q.1 Q.2 Q.3
6 4 5 3 3
13 34
Q.4 Q.5 Q.6 2 − 2
10 3
π2 14
Q.7 Q.8 Q.9 2( 2 − 1)
2 2 3
Q.11 200 2 Q.12 (ii) Not necessary Q.13 2x 1 + x 4
4π 1 2 π
Q.14 tan−1   Q.16 2 − + 2e log2 Q.17
3 2 e 2
3 1 5 1
Q.18 −2 3 + Q.19 1, − log2 Q.20 a = 1, 2, 3 or 4
2 2 12 2
π e2 + 1
Q.21 –1 Q.22 Q.26
4 2e
1
Q.29 (i) ; (ii) 1+e Q.30 (–∞, –2) ∪ (–1, 0) ∪ (1, ∞)
2
Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type
Q.1 A Q.2 C Q.3 C Q.4 B Q.5 A Q.6 B
Q.7 D Q.8 A Q.9 A Q.10 B Q.11 A Q.12 B
Q.13 C Q.14 B Q.15 A Q.16 B Q.17 C Q.18 C
Q.19 A Q.20 C Q.21 A Q.22 C Q.23 C Q.24 C
Q.25 C Q.26 C Q.27 B Q.28 B Q.29 B Q.30 A
Q.31 B Q.32 C Q.33 C Q.34 C
Previous Years’ Questions

Q.1 A Q.2 C Q.3 A Q.4 D Q.5 A Q.6 A
Q.7 A Q.8 C Q.9 C Q.10 C Q.11 A Q.12 C
Q.13 D Q.14 B Q.15 A → s ; B → s ; C → p ; D → r Q.16 4 Q.17 π( 2 − 1)
1
Q.18 Q.19 B Q.20 D Q.21 A Q.22 D Q.23 B C
2
Q.24 D Q.25 D Q.26 C
JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1
π2 π 1
Q.1 − (1 + log2) + Q.3 (a) 4 (b) n = 3
8 4 2
1 π/2
Q.4 (i) [e (cos 1 + sin 1)–1] (ii) e1+e +e1–e + e–e – ee + e – e–1 Q.6 125
2
Q.7 1 – sec(1) Q.8 ln 2 Q.9 4
π 16 2
Q.10 − Q.11 2525 Q.12 4 2 − 4ln 1 + 2
2 2 5
π π2
Q.13 4 Q.14 log2
ln2 Q.15
8 6 3
π
Q.16 log2
ln2 Q.17 2012 Q.18 2 6
8
π π(a + b)
Q.19 153 Q.20 Q.21
3 2 2
π
Q.22 5 Q.23 90 Q.24
3
(aπ + 2b)π π( π + 3) 1 π /2 1π  π

Q.25 Q.26 Q.27 = x  =  − 0 =
3 3 2 2  0 22  4
1 π  −1 1
Q.28 10 Q.29  − log 2 Q.30 tan
tan−(a)(a). ln. ln1 1
log ++a2a2
2 2 
1  π1  π   9
Q.31  + ln3log3− ln2
+ ln3− −log2
ln2 Q.32 Q.33 0
2  62  6   2
3π2
Q.36 5 Q.37 Q.38 Real and distinct ∀ k ∈ R
16
π+4
Q.39 Q.40 8 Q.41 6
666
π /2
π
Q.42
16
Q.43 62 Q.44 I = 8 as ∫ y sin y dy = 1
0
Exercise 2
Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 D Q.4 B Q.5 A Q.6 A
Q.7 C Q.8 A Q.9 B Q.10 B Q.11 B Q.12 A
Q.13 A Q.14 B Q.15 A Q.16 B

Q.1 A Q.2 A Q.3 C Q.4 A Q.5 A, D Q.6 A, B, C
Q.7 A Q.8 C Q.9 A Q.10 B Q.11 4
11 11 22 11 π/ 4 4π 1
Q.12 f(e) (lne)2=
f(e)++ff == (loge)
(lne) = Q.13 I = 2 ∫ f(sin2t)cos t dt Q.14 tan−1  
ee 22 22 0 3 2
24  1 e 1 
Q.15  ecos   + sin   − 1  Q.16 5051 Q.17 B Q.18 D Q.19 A
5  2 2 2 
Q.20 0 Q.21 C Q.22 A → p, q, s; B → p, t; C → p, q, r, t; D → s Q.23 A
Q.24 B Q.25 A Q.26 A Q.27 B Q.28 A
Q.29 D Q.30 2 Q.31 9 Q.32 A, C Q.33 A, B, C Q.34 ‒2
Q.35 A
Solutions
JEE Main/Boards π /2
sin2 x
Sol 3: ∫ 1 + sinx cos x
dx
Exercise 1
0
π 
π /2 sin2  − x  π /2
1/2
dx
1/2
dx  2  dx or I = cos2 x
Sol 1: ∫ = ∫ I= ∫ 1 + sinx cos x ∫ 1 + sinx cos x
dx
1/ 4 x − x2 1/ 4 1  1
2 0 0
− x − 
4  2 π /2
1
π /2
sec2 xdx
1/2
∴ 2I = ∫ dx = ∫
 1 0
1 + sinx cos x 0 1 + tan2 x + tanx
x −   –1 / 4 
2
= sin−1  = sin–10 – sin–1  1 / 2  x
dt
x
dt
1/2   = lim ∫ = lim ∫
2 2
01+ t +t
x →∞ x →∞ 2
0  1  3
1/ 4
 t +  +  
 2   2 
1 π ∞
= sin–1  2  = 2 2t + 1
  6 = tan−1
3 3 0
π /2 π /2
dx dx
Sol 2: ∫ = ∫ 2 π π 2π
2
4 sin x + 5cos x 2
4 + cos2 x =  − =
0 0 3 2 6  3 3
π /2 π /2
dx 2dx π
= ∫ = ∫ ∴I=
9 cos2θ 1 – tan θ 2
3 3
0 + 0
9+
2 2 1 + tan θ 2
π /2 3/5 1
2
sec θdθ Sol 4:
= 2 ∫ ∫ (3 − 5x)dx + ∫ (5x − 3)dx
0 10 + 8 tan2 θ 0 3/5
3/5 1
π/ 4
2sec2 θdθ
π /2
2cosec2 θ 5 2 5x2
= = 3x – x + − 3x
∫ 10 + 8 tan2 θ
+ ∫ 2
dθ 2 0 2
0 π / 4 10 cot θ+8 3/5
π/ 4 π /2 9 5 9 5  5 9 9
sec2 θdθ cosec2 θ = − × +  – 3 –  × – 
= ∫ + ∫ dθ 5 2 25  2   2 25 5 
0 5 + 4 tan2 θ π / 4 5cot
2
θ+4
9 9 1 9 9
1 0 1 1 = – – – +
dt dt dt dt 5 10 2 10 5
= ∫ 5 + 4t2 + ∫ – 5t2 + 4 = ∫ 5 + 4t2 + ∫ 5t2 + 4
0 1 0 0 18 9 1 9 1 13
= – – = − =
1 1 5 5 2 5 2 10
1 1 t 1 1 t
= × tan−1 + × tan−1
4 5 /2 5 /20 5 2/ 5 2/ 5 0 2 3
Sol 5: ∫ (2x + 1)dx + ∫ (x2 + 1)dx
1 2 1 5 1 2
= tan−1 + tan−1 3
2 5 5 2 5 2 2 x 3
= x2 + x + +x
1 3 2
1  −1 2 2  8 
= tan + cot −1  = (4 + 2 – 2) + (9 + 3) –  + 2 
2 5 5 5 3 
1 π π
= × = 8 8 34
2 5 2 4 5 = 4 + 12 – 2 – = 14 – =
3 3 3
π/ 4 π/ 4  n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 
Sol 6: sinxdx = 2  – cos x
π/ 4  = lim h3 × + hn
∫ sinxdx = 2 ∫  0   n→∞  6 
– π/ 4 0
  1   1   8 (n)(n + 1)(2n + 1) 2 
= 2 –  = lim  + × n
− 1  = 2 1 –  =2− 2 n→∞  n3 6 n 
  2    2
8 ×1× 2 14
= +2 =
π
x
π
π−x 6 3
Sol 7: ∫ (1 + sin2 x) dx = ∫ (1 + sin2 x) dx =I
0 0 π /2
π π /2
Sol 9: ∫ sinx − cos x dx
1 1
∴2I = π∫ dx = 2π ∫ dx 0
2
0 1 + sin x 0 1 + sin2 x π/ 4 π /2
π /2 π /2
= ∫ (cos x − sinx)dx + ∫ (sinx − cos x)dx
1 2
∴I= π ∫ dx = π ∫ dx 0 π/ 4
0 1+
1 − cos2x 0
3 − cos2x
π/ 4 π /2
2 = sinx + cos x + (–cosx – sinx
0 π/ 4
π /2 π /2
dx sec2 xdx
= 2π ∫ = 2 π ∫
(1 − tan2 x) 2  1 1    1 1 
0 0 2 + 4 tan x =  + – 1  – 1 −  +
3−  
1 + tan2 x  2 2    2 2  
 
π /2 1
π  dt
π /2
cosec2 xdx  = 2 –1–1+ 2 = 2 2 –2
π sec2 xdx
= ∫
2  0 1 2 π∫/ 4 1
= ∫ – 
2 1
0 + tan2 x +t cot2 x + 1 
2  2 2  Sol 10: f(x) = f(a – x)
 
1 
  g(x) + g(a – x) = 2
 0
π  1 −1 t  dt 
=  tan −∫  a a
2  1 1  1
  1 t2 + 1 
2
∫ f(x)g(x)dx = ∫ f(a − x)g(a − x)dx =I
 2 2 0  0 0
 
a a
π dt 
1
=  2 tan−1 2 + 2∫  ∴2I = ∫ f(x)g(x) + f(a − x)g(a − x)dx = ∫ f(x) × 2 dx
2  2
0 t + 2
 0 0
1 a
π 2 t  I=
=  2 tan−1 2 +
2
tan−1  ∫ f(x)dx
2 2 0 0
π −1 1  100 π
=  2 tan 2 + 2 tan−1 
2 2 Sol 11: ∫ 1 − cos2xdx
0
π π π2
= × 2× = 100 π 100 π
2 2 2 2 2sin2 xdx = sin2 xdx
∫ 2 ∫
0 0
2
2
Sol 8: ∫ (x + 1)dx Qsin (π– x) = sin x
2 2
0
π π
∴ 2
b−a 2−0 2 I = 100 2 ∫ sin xdx = 100 2 ∫ | sinx | dx
h= = =
n n n 0 0
Also sin ( π − x ) =| sinx |

n n
∴I = lim ∑ hf(a + rh) = lim ∑ h((rh) + 1)
2
n→0 n→0
r =1 r =1 π /2
n ∴I = 200 2 ∫ | sinx | dx
= lim ∑ (r 2h3 + h) 0
n→0
r =1
= 200 2 ( – | cos x |)
π /2
= 200 2
0
Sol 12: (i) f(–t) = –f(t) π /3

π − 4x3
I= ∫  
dx
– π /3 2 − cos | x | + π
x
g(x) = ∫ f(t)dt 
3


a
π /3
–x –a –x dx
g(–x) = ∫=
f(t)dt ∫ f(t)dt + ∫ f(t)dt
∴2I = 2π ∫  
– π /3 2 − cos | x | + π
a a –a  
 3
Qf(t) = odd function
π /3
dx
–a ⇒I = 2π ∫
So ∫ f(t)dt = 0 x π
0 (1 − tan2  + 
a
2− 2 6
–x –x  2x π 
 1 + tan  +  
∴ ∫ f(t)dt = ∫ f(t)dt   2 6 
a –a
x π
Put t = –p π /3 sec2  +  dx
=
2π 2 6
x
∴ 3 ∫ 1 x π
= – ∫ f(–p)dp f(–p) = –f(p) 0 + tan2  + 
a 3 2 6
x π
x
Put tan  +  = t
= ∫ f(p)dp 2 6
a
1 x π
∴g(–x) = g(x) sec2  +  dx =
dt
2 2 6
(ii) f(t) = f(–t) 3
4π dt 4π 3
∴I = ∫ = × 3 tan−1 3t
x –x 3 1 2 3 1/ 3
g(x)= 1/ 3 +t
∫ f(t)dt ; g(–x) = ∫ f(t)dt 3
a a
4 π  −1 4 π  −1  3 − 1  
Put t = –p = tan 3 − tan−1 1 = tan  
3  3  1 + 3 × 1 
x x x
= – ∫ f(–p)dp = – ∫ f(p)dp = – ∫ f(t)dt 4π 1
−a −a −a
= tan−1
3 2
–a
∴ g(–x) = ∫ f(t)dx
x x
logt
∴ g(x) + g(–x) =
x –a –a Sol 15: f(x) = ∫ 1 + t dt
∫ f(t)dt + ∫ f(t)dt = ∫ f(t)dt 1
a x a
1 1
x nx)2 2
To Prove. f(x) + f   = ((logx)
∴ It is not necessary that if f(t) is even then ∫ f(t)dt is x 2
odd a 1 1
Put t = ⇒ dt = – dp
p p2
x2
1
Sol 13: f(x) = 1 + t2 dt log
∫  1
x
p  1 
a =f 
x
∫  1
 − 2  dp
 p 
1 11 +   
f’(x) = 1 + x 4 dx2 = 2x 1 + x 4 p
 
x x
π /3  1 logp logt
π + 4x3dx =f  ∫= dp ∫ t(t + 1) dt
Sol 14: I = ∫ x p(1 + p)

– π /3 2 − cos | x | + π
 1 1
 
 3
x x
 1 logt Sol 18: F(x) =
∴ f(x) + f   =∫ dt ∫ (3sint + 4 cos t)dt
x 1 t 5π / 4
x x
x logt = 3(– cos t) + 4 sint
= (log)2 − ∫ dt 5π / 4 5π / 4
1 t
∴ 2I = (logx)2   1   1 
= 3  –  cos x –   + 4 sinx − 
1 1   2    2
nx)2 2
∴ f(x) + f   = ((logx)
x
  2 3 4
= –3cosx + + 4sinx –
2 2
1 2e
Sol 16: –  4 sinx − 3cos x  1
∫ logxdx + ∫ logxdx = 
5
5 –
1/e 1   2
= – ( xlog x − x )
1
+ (xlog x − x)
2e  5π 4 π 
1/e 1 From interval  ,  sinx < cosx
4 3 
 1 1 1  4π
= – 0 − 1 −  log −   ∴We get min value of x =
3
 e e e 
+ [(2elog2e – 2e) – (0 – 1)] 3 3 1 3 1

∴Min value = – 4 × + – = –2 3–
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
=1– – + 2elog2 + 2e – 2e + 1
e e
π/ 4
2 Sol 19: In = tann θdθ
=2–
e
+ 2elog2 ∫
0
 1 π/ 4
Sol 17: ∫
sin  n +  x

π
2
dx n ∈ N
In–1 + In+1 = ∫ ( tan n−1
θ + tann+1 θ dθ )
0
x
0 2sin
2 π/ 4
= ∫ (tann−1 θ)sec2 θdθ
 1 x
2sin  n +  x cos = sin(nx + 2) + sin(nx) 0
 2  2
tanθ = t ⇒ sec2qdθ = dt
π
1 sinnx + sin(nx + x) 1
=
2 ∫0
dx 1
tn 1n−1
sinx = ∫t =
dt =
0
n n
π 0
1 sin(n + 1)x + sinnx
= ∫ dx 1
20 sinx ∴ n(In–1 + In+1) = n × =1
n
If n is odd π/ 4
π I7 = ∫ tan7 θdθ
1 sinnx − sin(n + 1)x
I= ∫ dx 0
20 sinx
π/ 4 π/ 4
sinnx
π
π = ∫ tan5 θ sec2 dθ – ∫ tan3 θ sec2 θdθ
∴ 2I = ∫ dx = π ⇒I=
0
sinx 2 0 0
π/ 4 π/ 4
If n is even + tan θ sec2 θdθ –
π
∫ ∫ tan θdθ
0 0
sin(n + 1)x π
2I = ∫ dx = π; I =
0
sinx 2 11 11 11 5 1
= – – + + – –log
nn2 2 = – log2
66 44 22 12 2
π /2  2  cos3x 3   = ∑ (n − 1)(2n − 1) = ∑ (2n2 − 3n + 1)

a  + cos x   a2
Sol 20: ∫   4 4   dx ≤ –
3
0  + asinx − 20 cos x  2n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 3n(n + 1)
  = − +n
6 2
π /2
a2
∫{ a2 cos3 x + asinx − 20 cos x dx ≤ – } 3 =
n(n + 1)  4n + 2


− 3 + n =
n(n + 1)(4n − 7)
+n
0 2  3  6
 1 π /2 3 π /2   4n2 − 3n − 7 + 6  n(4n2 − 3n − 1)
= a2  + sin3 x + ( + sinx)  = n  =
 12 0 4 0
 
 6 
 6
π /2 π /2 a2 n(n − 1)(4n + 1)
+ a(– cos x) – 20 sinx ≤– =
0 0 3 6
 1 3 a2
= a2  – +  + a – 20 ≤ – nπ+λ
 12 4  3 Sol 24: ∫ | sinx | dx = 2n + 1 – cosλ
⇒ a2 + a – 20 ≤ 0 0
∴ n ∈ N, 0 ≤ λ < p
(a+5) (a–4) ≤ 0 a ∈ [–5, 4]
∴a is +ve interger λ nπ+λ
LHS = ∫ | sinx | dx + ∫ | sinx | dx
So a = 1, 2, 3 or 4 0 λ
π
λ
Sol 21: f(x) = sin x = – cos x + n∫ | sinx | dx
0
0
Mean value of sin x from [–2, 0) π /2
= –(cosλ – 1) + 2n ∫ sinxdx
0
sinx –1[0 + 2] 0
∴ ∫ dx = = –1
–2
2 2 = 2n + 1 –cosλ
a
1 π 
Sol 22: I = x sin2x.sin  cos x 
∫ dx
Sol 25: I = ∫
π
2 dx ….. (i)
0 x + a2 − x2
x = acosq 0
2x − π
dx = –asinqdq π 
π (π – x)(– sin2x)sin  (– cos x)  dx
a π /2 2 
–asin θdθ
∫ acos θ + asin θ = ∫


sin θ 
 dθ
I= ∫ 2( π − x) – π
….. (ii)
π /2 0  cos θ + sin θ  0
On adding (i) and (ii)
π /2
 cos θ 
= ∫   dθ π 
0  cos θ + sin θ  π (2x − π)sin2x sin  cos x 
 2  dx
2I = ∫ (2x − π)
1 
π /2
1 π π 0
⇒I=  ∫ dθ  =   =
2
 0  2 2 4 π
π 
= ∫ sin2x sin  2 cos x  dx
0
1 4 9 n2 π /2
Sol 23: I = ∫ 0dx + ∫ 1dx + ∫ 2dx.... + π 
∫ (n − 1)dx or I = ∫ sin2x sin  cos x  dx
0 1 4 (n−1)2 0 2 
n n2 π
Let cos x = t
∴∑ ∫ (n − 1)dx 2
n= 0
(n−1)2 π 2
– sinxdx = dt or sinxdx = – dt
∑ (n − 1) (n )
n2 2 π
= ∑ (n − 1)x (n−1)2 = 2
− (n − 1) 2
0 π
2 2t Sol 28: dx
I = – ∫ 2 × sintdt
π π /2 π
∫ 1 − 2acosx + a2
0
π
8
π /2
8 
π /2  dx
= ∫ t sintdt = t(– cos t)
π /2
+ ∫ cos tdt  = ∫  x
π2 0 π2  0
0  0 2a  1 − tan2 
2
8  π /2  8 1 + a2 −  
= 0 + sint = 2 x
2   1 + tan
π  0  π2 2
x
Sol 26: Let f(x) = K1ex + K2e–x π sec2 dx
= ∫ 2
g(x) + f’(x) = K1ex – K2e–x 2 
0 (1 + a ) 1 + tan 2 x   2 x
  – 2a  1 − tan 
 2   2
∴g’(x) = K1ex + K2e–x = f(x)
x
∴f(0) = 1 ⇒ K1 + K2 = 1 π sec2 dx
= ∫ 2
Also g(0) = 0 ⇒ K1 – K2 = 0 x
0 (1 + a2 − 2a) + tan2 (1 + a2 + 2a)
1 2
K 1 = K2 =
2 x
Putting =t
e +ex x 2
∴f(x) = x
2 sec2 dx = 2dt
2
1
e+ 2
∴f(1) = e = e +1 ∞ ∞
dt 1 dt
2 2e ∫ (1 + a)2 t2 + (1 − a)2 =
1+a 2 ∫ 2
0 0 2 1 −a
π t + 
1 + a
Sol 27: (i) ∫ log(1 + cos x)dx
0 ∞
π
1 1+a t
= ∫ log(1 − cos x)dx = I = tan−1
×
0 (1 + a ) | 1 − a |
2 1−a
π 1+a 0
∴ 2I = ∫ log(1 − cos2 x)dx
π 1
0 = If a < 1
π π /2 1−a 2 2
= 2 ∫ logsinxdx = 4 ∫ logsinxdx π 1
0 0 = if a > 1
 –π 
=4×  a −1 2
2
 log2
 2  α
2I = –2plog2 ∫ xdx α2
1 Sol 29: (i) lim 0
= lim
∴ I = –plog2 = plog α→0 α sinx α→0 2α sin α
2
π /3
dx
π /3
dx 1 1 1
(ii) = lim =
∫ = ∫ 2 α→0  sin α  2
π /6 1 + cot x π /6 π   
1 + cot  − x   α 
π /3 2 
dx x
= ∫ ∫ ntdt
π /6 1 + tanx (ii) y = x 1
π /3  xx 
tanx + 1  π π π logy = ∫∫log
ntdt logx
ntdt nx
nx
∴ 2I = ∫  dx = – =  
 1 + tanx  3 6 6 11 
π /6  
x
π 1 dy 1
logtdt
ntdt +(+nx)(
(logx)(logx)
y dx x 1∫
∴I= = nx)
12
x
–3/2 2
= –  x + 3x 
∫ log tdt  2
dy 1
x  + x2 + 3x
= x 1 log2 x + ∫ logtdt  –2 –3/2
dx  x1 
9 9    9 9 
e = –  – – (4 − 6) +  4 + 6 –  –  
dy ∫ log tdt  1
e  4 2    4 2 
= e1 log2 e + ∫ logtdt 
dx x = e  e1  9 9 9 25
= – 2 + 10 + = +8=
4 4 2 2
 1 
= e(eloge − e − ( −1)) log2 e + (eloge − e ( −1)) 2 2
 e  2 2
Sol 6: (B) ∫ | 1 − x | dx =2∫ 1 − x dx
1  –2 0
= e  + 1 =e + 1 1 2 
e  2 2
= 2  ∫ (1 − x )dx + ∫ (x − 1)dx 
 0 1 
x
2 2
Sol 30: f(x) = ∫ (t + 2t)(t − 1)dt 
x3
1
x3
2
1 = 2 x − + −x 
 3 3 
f’(x) = (x2 + 2x) (x2 – 1) > 0  0 
1
x(x + 2)(x – 1)(x + 1) > 0  1 8  1 

= 2 1 − +  − 2  −  − 1  
 3  3   3 
∴x ∈ (–∞, –2) ∪ (–1, 0) ∪ (1, ∞)
2 2 2
= 2 + +  = 4
3 3 3
Exercise 2
 x 4 − 5x2 + 4) 
Sol 7: (D) f’(x) =   × 2x = 0
Single Correct Choice Type  2 
 2 + ex 
0 1
x = 0 or (x2 – 4)(x2 – 1) = 0
Sol 1: (A) ∫ (1 − 2x)dx + ∫ (1 + 2x)dx
–1 0 ∴x = 0, x = ±2, x = ±1
0 1 x x
= x − x2 + x + x2 = 0 – [–1 – 1] + [1 + 1] = 4 Sol 8: (A) F1(x) = = t2 − 5t
–1 0 ∫ (2t − 5)dt 2
2
0 1 = x – 5x – (4 – 10) = x – 5x + 6
2 2
−x x
Sol 2: (C) ∫ e dx + ∫ e dx x
–1 1 F2(x) = ∫ 2tdt = x2
0 1 0
= –e–x + ex – [1– e+1] + [e1 – 1] 6 36
–1 0 ∴x = x2 – 5x + 6 ⇒ x =
2
,y=
5 25
= e+1 + e1 – 2 = 2e – 2
Sol 9: (A) f ( x=
) f (a − x )
3 1 2 3
Sol 3: (C) ∫ [x]dx = ∫ 0dx + ∫ 1dx + ∫ 2dx
0 0 1 2
g ( x ) =−
2 g(a − x )
=0+1+2=3
a a
π /2 π
I= ∫ f ( x ) g ( x ) dx = ∫ f ( a − x ) . ( 2 − g ( a − x ) ) dx
Sol 4: (B) ∫ cos xdx + ∫ – cos xdx 0 0
a a
0 π /2
⇒ 2 ∫ f ( a − x ) dx − ∫ f ( a − x ) .g ( a − x ) .dx
π /2 π
= sinx − sinx = 1 – [0 – 1] = 2 0 0
0 π /2
Put a – x = t
− dx = dt
–3/2 2
0 0
Sol 5: (A) ∫ –(2x + 3)dx + ∫ (2x + 3)dx
⇒ − 2 ∫ f ( t ) dt − ∫ −f ( t ) .g ( t ) dt
–2 –3/2
a a
0 0 π sec2 ( x / 2 ) .dx
⇒ − 2 ∫ f ( t ) .dt + ∫ f ( t ) .g ( t ) .dt ⇒ ∫
a a 0 (1 + a ) (1 + tan ( x / 2)) − 2a (1 − tan x / 2)
2 2 2
a a
⇒ I 2 ∫ f ( t ) .dt − ∫ f ( t ) .g ( t ) dt
=
0 0
Put tan ( x / 2 ) = t
a a a ∞
1 dt
=I 2 ∫ f ( t ) .dt −=
I ⇒ 2I 2 ∫ f (=
t ) .dt I ∫ f ( x ) dx . sec2 ( x / 2 ) dx = dt ⇒ 2 ∫
0 0 0
2 2
0 1−a + 1+a
2
t2 ( ) ( )
∞
(1 + a) t  ⇒ 2 tan−1 ∞ − tan−1 0
log5
ex ex − 1 ⇒
2
1−a
. tan−1 .
(1 − a)  1 − a
( )
Sol 10: (B) ∫ ex + 3
dx
0
0
ex + 3 = t 2 π π
⇒ . ⇒
1−a 2 1−a
exdx = dt
8
t−4 π/ 4
sec x
1
∫ t
dt Sol 14: (B) ∫ dx = ∫ (1 − (1 − x)9 dx
4
0 1 + 2sin2 x 0
t = 4 sec2θ; dt = 8sec2qtanqdq 1
1
9
= ∫ x dx =
π/ 4 π/ 4 10
2 tan θ × 8 sec2 θ tan θ 0
∫ dθ = ∫ 4(sec2 θ − 1)dθ
2
0 4 sec θ 0 ∞
dx
Sol 15: (A) ∫
(x + )
π/ 4 π/ 4 3
= 4 tan θ – 4θ =4–p 0
x2 + 1
0 0
x = tanq
Sol 11: (A) π /2
sec2 θdθ
π /2
cos θ
π π ∫ (tan θ + sec θ) 3
= ∫ (1 + sin θ)3
dθ
∫ sinmx sinnxdx = 2 ∫ sinmx sinnxdx 0 0
–π 0 1 + sinθ =t
π
= ∫ [cos(m − n)x − cos(m + n)x]dx = 0 cosqdθ = dt
2 2
0 dt 1 1 1  3
∫ t3 = – = –  − 1 =
1 e
1 2t 2
1
2 4  8
Sol 12: (B) – ∫ logxdx + ∫ logxdx
1/e 1 5
Sol 16: (B) ∫  x − 3 dx
= –  xlogx − x  + xlogx − x
1 e
 1/e  1
 1
2 3 4 5
 1 1 1 
=– (–1) –  log −   + ( eloge − e ) − ( −1)
∫ 1dx + ∫ 0dx + ∫ 0dx + ∫ 1dx
1 2 3 4
 e e e 
1+1=2
 1 1
= 1 + –  – +e–e+1
 e e
π /2
sinx 2
Sol 17: (C) I = ∫ e− cos x dx
2
2  1 −π /2 1 + cos x
=2– = 2 1 – 
e  e π /2
− sinx 2
I= ∫ e– cos x dx
2
π – π /2 1 + cos x
dx
Sol 13: (C) ∫ 1 − 2a cos x + a2 ⇒2I = 0 ⇒I = 0
0
1/2
  x + 1 2  x − 1 2
1/2 
1 − tan ( x / 2)
2 Sol 18: (C)=I ∫  x − 1   x + 1  
   +   − 2 dx
⇒ Put cos x = –1/2  
1 + tan2 ( x / 2 )
2/2 π/ 4
1/2
x +1 x −1 2  π
= ∫ sec  x −  dx
=I 2 ∫ −
x −1 x +1
dx
2 0  4
0
1/2 π/ 4
1/2 
 x +1 x −1  4x 1  π  π 
= 2 ∫  −  dx = 2 ∫ dx = log sec  x −  + tan  x −  
 x −1 x +1 0 x2 − 1 2   4   4 
0 0
= –4 log (x2 − 1)
1/2
0
= –4 log
3
4
2I =
2 
2 
log ( 2 +1  ⇒ I =
 )1
2
log ( 2 +1 )
1 π /2
Sol 19: (A) ∫ {x − [x]}dx Sol 23: (C) µ10 = ∫ x10 sinxdx
–1 0
1 π /2
x2 0 1 
= –  ∫ (–1)dx + ∫ 0dx  µ8 = ∫ x8 sinxdx
2  –1 0  0
–1
π /2 π /2
= 0 – [–(0 + 1) + 0] = 1 µ10 = x10 (– cos x) – ∫ (– cos x)10x9 dx
0
0
10 10 π /2
[x2 ] π
Sol 20: (C) I = ∫ [(x − 14)2 ] + [x2 ] dx µ10 =   (0) + ∫ cos x10.x9 dx
4 2 0
10
[(14 − x)2 ]  π /2 
I= ∫ [x2 ] + [(x − 14)2 ] dx = 10  ∫ cos x.x9 dx 
4  0 
10  π /2 π /2 
∴2I = ∫ dx = 10 – 4 = 6 ⇒ I = 3 = 10  x9 sinx − ∫ 9x8 sinxdx 
4  0
0 
9
π
3 = 10 ×   – 90µ8
Sol 21: (A) ∫ (| x − 2 | +[x]) dx 2
9
–1 π
∴µ10 + 90µ8 = 10  
2 3 0 2
= ∫ (2 − x)dx + ∫ (x − 2)dx + ∫ (–1)dx
–1 2 –1 π
sin2 x
Sol 24: (C) ∫e cos3 (2n + 1)xdx
1 2 3
0
+ ∫ 0dx + ∫ 1dx + ∫ 2dx π
sin2 x
cos3 ( (2n + 1)π − (2n + 1)x ) dx
0 1 2
I= ∫e
2 3
x2 x2 0
= 2x − + – 2x – 1(0+1) +1 + 2 π
2 2 = – ∫ sin2 x cos3 ( (2n + 1)x ) dx
–1 2
0
 1 9 
= [4 – 2] –  –2 −  +  – 6  – (2 – 4) + 2 ∴2I = 0 ⇒I = 0
 2 2 
π /2
5 3
=2+ − +4=6+1=7 Sol 25: (C) I = ∫ sinlog  x + x2 + 1  dx
2 2  
– π /2
π /2 π /2
sin2 x cos2 x π /2
Sol 22: (C) ∫ dx = ∫ dx = ∫ sinlog  x2 + 1 – x  dx
0
sinx + cos x 0
sinx + cos x  
– π /2
π /2 π /2 π /2
1 1 dx 1
∴ 2I = ∫ sinx + cos x
dx =
2
∫  π
= ∫ sinlog dx
0 0 cos  x −  – π /2 x2 + 1 + x
 4
π /2 = 15a + 6b = 39 ….. (iii)

= – ∫ sinlog  x2 + 1 + x  dx = –I
– π /2
  ⇒ 9a = 45
a = 5; b = – 6; c = 3
∴2I = 0 ⇒ I=0
π/ 4
π/ 4
e− x sec2 xdx ex sec2 x
2α Sol 30: (A) I = ∫ e–2x − 1
= ∫ 1 − e2x
dx
Sol 26: (C) sinα + ∫ cos2xdx =0 – π/ 4 – π/ 4
α
π/ 4  ex sec2 x ex sec2 x 
1
2α
∴ 2I = ∫  2x −  dx =
0
⇒ sinα + sin2x =0  e2x − 1 
– π/ 4  e −1
2 α
I=0
1
⇒ sinα + [sin4α – sin2a] = 0
2 a
Sol 31: (B) I =  1 + x2 
⇒ sinα + cos3α sinα= 0 ∫ log  x + 
–1
⇒ sinα = 0 or cos3α = −1    
–1 1
⇒ α = nπ, or 3α = (2n+1) π = log   = log  
 2   2 
x− 1+x   1+x −x
π
∴α = – a
3 =  1 + x2 − x 
∫ – log  

–1
a a
Sol 27: (B) f’(x) = sin x 4 dx 4 – sin x2 dx2 2 2
∴ 2I = ∫ log(x + 1 – x ) = ∫ log1 = 0
= 4x3sinx2 – 2xsinx –1 –1
0 2
π π sin2 x sin2 x
Sol 28: (B) 4 4 Sol 32: (C)∫ 1 dx + ∫ 1 dx
∫ x sinx cos xdx = ∫ ( π − x)sinx cos xdx
–2 – 0
0 0
2 2
π 0 2
2 1 − cos2x 2
∴2I = π ∫ sinx cos4 xdx =– ∫ dx + ∫ (1 − cos2x )dx
0 2 –2 1 20
–
2
Let cosx = t 0 2
1 1
–sinxdx = dt = –1[2] + sin2x + 1[2] – sin2x
2 –2
2 0
–1
2I = –π 4 1 1
∫t dt =–2+ [0 + sin4] + 2 – [sin4] = 4 − sin 4
1 2 2
1
4 π
2I = π ∫t dt = [1 + 1] x
–1
5 Sol 33: (C) f(x) = ∫ log(1 + t2 )dt
0
π
∴I =
5 f’(x) = log(1 + x ) 2
1
Sol 29: (B) f(0) = a + b = –1 f”(x) = × 2x
1 + x2
f’(x) = 2ae2x + bex + c ….. (i) 2
∴f”(1) = =1
f’(log2) = 8a + 2b + c = 31 ….. (ii) 2
log 4 log 4
(ae )
π
∫ ( f(x) − (x)) dx = ∫
2x
+ bex dx Sol 34: (C)
dx
∫ 1 + 3cos x
0 0 0
a 2x log 4 a  39
= e + bex = 8a + 4b –  + b  = π
dx
π
dx
2 0 2  2 = ∫ 1 + 3cos( π−x) = ∫ 1 + 3– cos x
0 0
π
3cos x π /2 cos3 x
⇒ I= ∫0 dx …..(i)
= ∫ 1 + 3cos x dx
cos3 x + sin3 x
0
π π 
cos3  − x 
∴2I = ∫ dx =π π /2  2 
0 ⇒I=∫ 0
3π  3π 
dx
π cos  − x  + sin  − x 
∴I =
2 2  2 
π /2 sin3 x
⇒ I= ∫0 dx …..(ii)
sin3 x + cos3 x
π /2
On adding Eqs (i) and (ii), we get 2I = ∫0 1 dx
π /2 cot x π π
Sol 1: (A) Let I = ∫0 cot x + tanx
dx ….(i) =2I [x]
= π /2
0
2
⇒I=
4
1 2A
π /2 tanx Now, ∫0 f(x)dx =
⇒I= ∫0 cot x + tanx
dx ….(ii) π
1
  πx   2A
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ ∫0 A sin  2  + B dx =
π
π /2
2I = ∫0 I dx 1
 2A πx  2A
⇒ − cos + Bx  =
π  π 2 0 π
∴I =
4
2A 2A
⇒ B+ =⇒B=0
π π
π cos2 x
Sol 2: (C) Let I = ∫0 e . cos3 {(2n + 1)x} dx
a Sol 5: (A) It is a questions of greatest integer function.
Using ∫0 f(x)dx We have subdivide the interval π to 2π as under keeping
in view that we have to evaluate [2 sin x]
0, f(a − x) =−f(x)
 Y
=  a/2
2∫0 f(x)dx, f(a − x) =
f(x)
1,/2
cos2 x 3
Again, let f(x) = e .cos {(2n + 1)x}
O
cos2 x X’ X
∴ f(π – x) = (e ) {– cos3 (2n + 1)x} = – f(x) o o
30 30
(0,) (0,2)
∴I=0
-1,3/2
f(x) -1/2,7/6 -1/2,11/6
f(x) 2t ∫4 2t dt Y’
Sol 3: (A) lim
x →1 ∫4 x −1
dt = lim
x →1 x −1 π 1
We known that, sin = ,
6 2
(using L’ Hospital’s rule)
 π 7π 1
sin  π +  = sin =−
= lim 2f(x). f '(x) = 2f(1) . f’(1)  6 6 2
x →1 1
∴ 11π  π 1
= 8f’(1) [ f(1) = 4] sin
π
= sin  2π −  = − sin = −
6  6 6 2
π /2 1
Sol 4: (D) Let I = ∫0 dx 9π 3π
1 + tan3 x sin = sin = −1
6 6
π /2 1
=∫ dx Hence, we divide the interval π to 2π as
0
sin3 x
1+
cos3 x
 7π   7π 11π   11π  Sol 8: (C) The graph of y = 2sin x for π/2 ≤ x ≤ 3π/2 is
 π,  ,  ,  , ,2π  given in figure. From the graphs, it is clear that
 6   6 6   6 
 1  1  1   2, if x = π/2
sin x =  0, −  ,  −1, −  ,  − ,0  
 2  2  2   1, if π / 2 < x ≤ 5π / 6

[2sinx]  0, if
= 5π / 6 < x ≤ π
2sin x = (0, –1), (–2, –1), (–1, 0) −1,if π < x ≤ 7π / 6

[2sinx] x = –1 −2,if 7π / 6 < x ≤ 3π / 2
7 π /6 11 π /6
= ∫π [2sinx]dx + ∫ [2sinx]dx Y
7 π /6
2π
+ ∫11π /6 [2sinx]dx 2
7 π /6 11 π /6 2π 1
=∫ −1 dx + ∫ −2dx + ∫ −1 dx
π 7 π /6 11 π /6

π  4π  π 10π 5π X
/2 5/6 7/6 3/2
= – − 2 − =− =−
6  6  6 6 3 -1
x 1
-2
Sol 6: (A) Given, ∫0 f(t)dt= x + ∫ t f(t)dt
x
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 3π /2
f(x) 1 = 1 – xf(x) . 1
Therefore, ∫π /2 [2sinx]dx
⇒ (1 + x) f(x) = 1 =
5 π /2 π 7 π /6
∫π /2 dx + ∫
5 π /6
0dx + ∫
π
( −1)dx
1
⇒ f(x) = 3π /2
1+x +∫ ( −2)dx
7 π /6
1 1
⇒ f(1) = = 5 π /6 7 π /6 3π /2
1+1 2 =  x  +  −x  +  −2x 
π /2 π 7 π /6
3π / 4 dx  5π π   7 π 
Sol 7: (A) Let I = ∫π / 4 …..(i) = −  + − + π
1 + cos x  6 2   6 
3π / 4 dx
⇒ I= ∫π / 4 1 + cos( π − x)  −2.3π 2.7π 
+ + 
3π / 4 dx  2 6 
I= ∫π / 4 ….(ii)
1 − cos x 5 1  7 7 
= π  −  + π 1 −  + π  − 3
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get  6 2   6   3 
3π / 4  1 1  5 −3  1 7−9 π
2I = ∫  +  dx = π  + π −  + π  = −
π/ 4
 1 + cos x 1 − cos x   6   6  3  2
3π / 4  2  cos2 x
∫π / 4
π
⇒ 2I = dx Sol 9: (C) Let I = ….(i)
 2 
 1 − cos x  ∫−π 1 + ax dx
3π / 4 2
−π cos ( − x)
⇒ I= ∫π / 4 cosec2 x dx = [ − cot x]3ππ/ 4/ 4 = ∫π 1 + a− x
d( −x)
 3π π cos2 x
=  − cot + cot  = – (–1) + 1 = 2 π
ax dx ….(ii)
 4 4 
⇒ I= ∫−π 1 + ax
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
 1 + ax
π  x2 +1 − t2
2I = ∫   cos2 x dx Sol 13: (D) Given, f(x) = ∫ e dt
−π  x  x2
1 + a 
On differentiating both sides using Newton’s Leibnitz
π 2 π 1 + cos2x formula , we get
= ∫=
−π
cos x dx 2∫
0 2
dx
2 +1)2 d 2  −(x2 )2  d 2 
π f’(x) = e−(x  (x + 1) −e  (x )
= ∫0 (1 + cos2x)dx  dx   dx 
2 +1)2 2 )2
π π
= e−(x . 2x − e−(x . 2x
= ∫=
0
1dx ∫ cos2x dx
0
4 + 2x2 +1) 2 +1
x π /2 = 2xe−(x (1 − e2x )
=  x  + 2∫ cos2x dx
0 0 2 +1 4 + 2x2 +1)
[where, e2x > 1, ∀ x and e−(x > 0∀x]
=π+0
∴ f’(x) > 0
⇒ 2I = π ⇒ I = π/2
which shows 2x < 0 or x < 0
π ⇒ x ∈ (–∞, 0)
Sol 10: (C) Given, F(x) = ∫0 f(t)dt
By Leibnitz rule, 1 1−x 1 1−x
Sol=
14: (B) I ∫= dx ∫ dx
F’(x) = f(x) …(i) 0 1+x 0
1 − x2
But F(x2) = x2 (1 + x) = x2 + x3 (given) 1 1 1 x
⇒ F(x) = x + x
∫0 2
dx − ∫
0
dx
1 − x2
3/2
1−x
3 1/2 1 0t
⇒ F’(x) = 1 + x =I sin−1 x  + ∫ dt
2  0 1 t
3 1/2 (where, t2 = 1 – x2 ⇒ t dt = –x dx)
⇒ f(x) = F’(x) = 1 + x [from Eq. (i)]
2
0 π
3 (sin−1 1 − sin−1 0) + t  = − 1
I=
⇒ f(4) = 1 + (4)1/2 1 2
4
3 1 dx
⇒ f(4) = 1 + ×2=4 Sol 15: (A) Let I =
2 ∫−1 1 + x2
x Put x = tan θ ⇒ dx = sec2θ dq
Sol 11: (A) Given, f(x) = ∫1 2 − t2 dt
π/ 4 π
2 ∴ I 2∫ =
= dθ
⇒ f’(x) = 2−x 0 2
1 dx
Also x2 – f’(x) = 0 (B) Let I = ∫0
2
1 − x2
∴x = 2
2−x
Put x = sinθ ⇒ dx = cosθ dq
⇒ x4 = 2 – x2 ⇒ x4 + x2 – 2 = 0
π /2 π
⇒ x = ±1
∴ I
= ∫0 1dθ
=
2
3
3 dx 1   1 + x 
3+3T 1 (C) ∫2 1 − x2 = log  
Sol 12: (C) ∫ f(2x)dx put 2x = y ⇒ dx = dy 2   1 − x 2
3 2
1 6 + 6T 6I 1  4   3  1   2 
= 2 log  −2  − log  −1   = log   
2 ∫6
∴ f(y)dy
= = 3I
2      2   3 
2 dx 2 π π
(D) ∫1 = sec−1 x  = − 0 =
2  1 3 3
x x −1
2 2 π
Sol 16: ∫−2 | 1 − x | dx =
2
( −2 + 2 2)
−1 2 1
= ∫−2 (x − 1)dx + ∫ (1 − x2 )dx π( 2 − 1)
=
−1
2
+ ∫ (x2 − 1)dx 3 x
1 Sol 18: Let I = ∫2 5−x + x
dx … (i)
−1 1 2
 x3   x3   x3 
=  − x  + x −  +  − x  3 2+3−x
 3  −2  3 
−1  3 1 ⇒I = ∫2 dx
(2 + 3) − (5 − x) + 2 + 3 − x
 1 8   1 1
=  − + 1 + − 2  + 1 − + 1 − 
 3 3   3 3 3 5−x
⇒I = ∫2 x + 5−x
dx … (ii)
8 1 
+  − 2 − + 1
 3 3  On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
=4 3 x + 5−x
⇒ 2I = ∫2 5−x + x
dx
3π / 4 x
Sol 17: Let I = ∫π / 4 dx … (i) 3 1
1 + sinx ⇒ 2I
= ∫=
2
1dx 1 ⇒ I=
2
 π 3π 
 + − x
3π / 4 4 4 
⇒ I= ∫π / 4  π 3π 
dx Sol 19: (B)
1 + sin  + − x
4 4  1
sinx
1
x
1
2 2
I =∫ dx < ∫ dx =∫ xdx = x3/2 2
=
 f(x)dxb b  x x 3 2 3
 ∫a ∫a f(a + b − x)dx 
= 0 0 0
2
3π / 4 π−x ⇒I<
3
⇒ I= ∫π / 4 1 + sin( π − x)
dx
1 1
cos x 1
J =∫ dx < ∫ dx |01 = 2
3π / 4 π 3π / 4 x x x
⇒ I= ∫π / 4 1 + sinx
dx − ∫
π / 4 1 + sinx
dx 0 0
∴ J ≤ 2.
dx 3π / 4
π∫
⇒ 1= − 1 [from Eq. (i)]
π / 4 1 + sinx x
Sol 20: (D) Let ∫ cot x dx … (i)
π 3π / 4 dx 0
⇒ 1= ∫
2 π / 4 (1 + sinx) x x
π 3π / 4 (1 − sinx)
= ∫ cot ( π − x )dx, ∫ − cot x dx ....(2) ... (ii)
0 0
⇒ 1= ∫ dx
2 π / 4 (1 + sinx)(1 − sinx) Adding (1) and (2)
x x x
π 3π / 4 (1 − sinx)
2I = ∫ cotx dx + ∫  − cot x dx =∫ ( −1 ) dx
2 ∫π / 4 1 − sin2 x
= dx
0 0 0
  x  +  −x  =−1if x ∉ Z 
π 3π / 4  1 sinx   
2 ∫π / 4  cos2 x cos2 x 
 −  dx  = 0if x ∈ Z 
π 3π / 4 =  −x  0x = −π
(sec2 x − sec x. tanx)dx
2 ∫π / 4
=
π
π 3π / 4 ∴= −
= tanx − sec x  2
2 π/ 4
π
= [ −1 − 1 − ( − 2 − 2)]
2
( x ) p' (1 − x )
Sol 21: (A) p'= π /3
tanx dx
= ∫
π /6 1 + tanx
⇒ p(x) =−p (1 − x ) + c
π /3
at x = 0
2I = ∫ dx
Now p ( 0 ) =−p (1 − x ) + 42
π /6
1 π π π
I
⇒ =  − = , statement-1is false
⇒ p ( x ) + p (1 − x ) =
42 2  3 6  12
1 1 b b
=I ∫ p ( x ) dx ∫ p (1 − x ) dx ∫ f ( x ) dx= ∫ f ( a + b − x ) dx it is property
0 0 a a
1
=2I ∫ ( 42 ) dx=⇒I 21.   x _ 1 
  x 
1
1  e+ x 
0 e +  1 −  e  dx
Sol 25: (D) ∫   x2  

Sol 22: (D) I = 8 ∫
1 log
(1 + x ) dx x+
1
1+x 2 = x.e x +c
0
∫ ( xf ' ( x ) + f ( x ) ) dx ( x ) + c
π
As
4 log (1 + tan θ )
= 8∫ sec θdθ (let x= tan θ )
2
0 1 + tan2 θ
4
π π π logx2
Sol 26: (C) I = ∫ logx2 + log 36 − 12x + x2 dx
4
π 
= ∫ log  1 + tan  − θ=
 dθ
4 4
∫ log2dθ − ∫ log (1 + tan θ )dθ 2 ( )

0  4  0 0 4
2 logx
dx ..(i) ... (i)
2 ∫2 logx + log ( 6 − x )
π I=
= 8log2 −1
4
2I = 2π log2
4 log ( 6 − x ) b b 
I = π log2 I
= ∫ logx ( 6 − x ) + log dx  ∫ f ( x ) dx
= ∫ f ( a + b − x ) dx  ...(ii)
2  a a 
x
Equation (i) & (ii) gives
Sol 23: (B, C) g ( x ) = ∫ cos 4t dt
0
( ) dx 4=
4 logx + log 6 − x
⇒ g' ( x ) = cos 4x ⇒ g(x) =

sin 4x
+k
= ∫ logx + log ( 6 − x )= ∫ dx 2
2 2
4
sin 4x Hence I = 1
⇒
= g(x)  g ( 0 ) 0 
=
4 
= g(x) + g(π
= ) g ( x ) − g ( π )  g ( π=) 0 ( )
JEE Advanced/Boards
π /3
dx
Sol 24: (D) I = ∫
π /6 1 + tanx Exercise 1
π /3 1
dx tan−1 x
= ∫ π 
Sol 1: ∫e sin−1 (cos x)dx.
π /6
1 + tan  − x  0
2  1
−1  π 
π /3 ∫ (tan x)sin−1  sin  − x   dx
tanx dx  2 
= ∫ 0
π /6 1 + tanx 1
π 
−1
= ∫  2 tan x − x tan−1 x  dx
0 
π /2 π /2
π  2sec2 θdθ
1 1
1 1 2x 2dθ 1
= 
2
x tan−1
x
0
– ∫ dx  –
2 0 1 + x2  ∫ x tan
−1
xdx = ∫ α cos2 θ + β sin2 θ
=
β ∫ α
  0 0 0 + tan2 θ
β
 1 1 
ππ ππ 11    x2 1 x2 + 1 − 1  Put tanθ = t
n2  - (tan−1 x)
2 ∫0 1 + x2
=   –– log
n2 − dx
22 44 22    2  ∞
 0 
∞
π2 π 1 π 1  1 2 dt 2 1 t
–1 
1
= × tan−1
= – log
8 4
n2 – × +
2 4 2 (x)0 – tan 0 
  β ∫0 α 2 β α α
+t
β β β 0
ππ22 ππ ππ 11 11 ππ
= –– log
n2
n2–– ++ –– ×× 2 π π
88 44 88 22 22 44 = × =
αβ 2 αβ
2
π2 π π π 1 1
= – – ((((log2)
(( n2)
n2) ++ 1)
+ 1) 1) +
+
8 8 4 4 2 2 π /2
(α cos2 θ + β sin2 θ) × (β – α )sin2θdθ
(iv) I= ∫
0
(β – α )sin θ cos θ
Sol 2: (i) Put x = acos2θ + bsin2θ π /2
2
dx = 2(β – α)sinθcosθ dθ =2 ∫ (α cos θ + β sin2 θ)dθ
0
b
π /2
I= ∫ (x − α )(β − x)dx
∫ ((β − α ) sin θ + α)dθ
2
=2
α
0
π /2 π /2
π (β − α )
= ∫ (β − α )cos2 θ(β – a)sin2 θ = 2α × +2 ∫ (1 − cos2θ)dθ
0 2 0
2
× (β – α)sin2θdθ π /2
β−α
= aπ+2   ∫ (1 − cos2θ)dθ
(β − α )2
π /2
2  2  0
= ∫ sin 2θdθ
2 0
β−α π β α π
= aπ + × × 2 =  +  π = ( α + β)
(β − α ) 2 π /2 2 2  2 2  2
= ∫ (1 − cos 4θ)dθ
4 0
2π π
(β − α ) π (β – α )2 π
2
= × = Sol 3: (i) ∫ 1 − sintdt – ∫ 1 − sintdt
4 2 8 0 0
2π π
∫( )
β
(x − α ) 1
(ii) I= = 1 − sint + 1 + sint dt – ∫ 1 − sintdt
∫ (β − α )
dx
2 0 0
α
π /2 π π
(β − α )cos2 θ
= ∫ × (β – α )sin2θdθ = ∫ 1 − sint + 1 + sintdt – ∫ 1 − sintdt
0 (β − α )sin2 θ 0 0
π /2 π
cos θ =
= 2(β – α) ∫ sin θ
× sin θ cos θdθ ∫ 1 − sintdt
0 0
π
t t
π /2
 1 + co2θ  = ∫ sin 2 + cos 2 dt
= 2(β – α) ∫   dθ 0
0  2 
π
π t t
= (β – α) = –2cos + 2sin
2 2 20
π /2
2(β − α )sin θ cos θdθ = –2[0 – 1] + 2[1 – 0] = 4
(iii) I = ∫ 2 2
(α cos θ + β sin θ) × (β – α )cos θ sin θ
0
1 e
∫ {(1 + x)e }
x
(ii) x
∫ e (x − 1)
n (ii) + (1 − x)e–x logxdx
nxdx
0 1
logx = t
 1 1 
= (x − 1)n ex – n∫ (x − 1)n−1 ex dx  x = et ⇒ dx = et dt
 0
0 
1
∫ {{1 + e }} e { }
 n−1 x
1  t et
+ 1 − et e−e dt
t
(x − 1) e 0 
= - (–1)n – n   0
1
 n− 2 x 
 −(n − 1)∫ (x − 1) e dx  1
 et t   t t   t
 0  = ∫  e + e–e  t +  et ee − et e−e  t  e dt
0    
= –(–1)n + n(–1)n-1
 n− 2 x
1  ∞
(x − 1) e 0  dx
+ n(n-1)  1

Sol 5: R = ∫ 1 + x4
0
 n−3 x 
 −(n − 2)∫ (x − 1) e dx  1 1
 0  Put x = ⇒ dx = – dt
t t2
= –(–1)n + n(–1)n–1 – n(n–1)(–1)n–2 0 ∞
–t2 x2
= ∫ dt = ∫ 1 + x2 =P
1
n−3 x ∞1+ t2 0
– n(n–1)(n–2) ∫ (x − 1) e dx
0 ∞
1 + x2
Taking n = 3 ∴2I = 2P = ∫ 1 + x 4 dx
1
x 0
= –(–1)3 + 3(–1)2 – 3(3 – 1)(–1)1 – 3(2) (1) ∫ e dx ∞
0 1 + x –2
= +1 + 3 + 6 – 6(e1 – 1) = ∫ 2
dx
0  1
= 16 – 6e 1 −  + 2
 x
 x  ∞
dt 1
cos(sinx)cos2 = (Put x – = t)
Sol 4: (i)
π /2 

ex  2  ∫
∫ x
 dx –∞
2
t +2 x
0  + sin(sinx)sin−2 
 2  1 1
∞
π /2
∴2I = tan−1
1 cos(sinx)[cos x + 1]  2 2
∫ ex   dx
–∞
2 0  + sin(sinx)[1 − cos x]
1 π π π
=  +  =
1
π /2
 cos(sinx) + sin(sinx)  2 2 2  2
∫ ex   
2 0  + cos x[cos(sinx) − sin(sinx)] π
∴I =
2 2
Put cos(sinx) + sin(sinx) = t
∞
xdx
(–sin(sinx)cosx + cos(sinx)cosx)dx = dt ∫ 1 + x4
π /2 0
1
∫ ex {f(x) + f '(x)}dx Put x2 = t ⇒ 2xdx = dt
2 0
∞ ∞
1 dt 1 π
1 x
π /2
1 x π /2 = ∫ = tan−1 t =
e {cos(sinx) + sin(sinx)} 201+t 2 2
2
= e f(x) = 0
2 0
2 0
π π 2π
∴P + R – 2Q = + –
1 2 2 2 2 4
= eπ /2 (cos1 + sin1) – e°(cos0)
2  π π π
= – =
1 2 2 2 2 2
= eπ /2 (cos1 + sin1) – 1
2 
2
(x2 − 1) Put x3 – 3x2 + 4x – 2 = t
Sol 6: ∫ 2 1
dx 2
2
1
x5 2 – 2
+ 4
I= ∫ cos tdt = sint = sin2 + sin2 = 2sin2
–2
x x –2
2 1  4 4 ∴p = q = 2 ⇒ p + q = 4
Put 2 – + t ⇒  −  dx =
= dt
3
x2 x 4
x x5 
2
25 3x6 − 12x2 + 1
1 16
dt 1
25
1 5  1 Sol 10: I = ∫ x2 + 2
dx
4 ∫ t
=
4
×2 t
1
16 =  − 1 =
2 4  8
– 2
1
2
1000 3x6 + 6x 4 − 6x 4 − 12x2 + 1
∴ = 125 = ∫ dx
8 – 2
x2 + 2
Sol 7: h(x) = fog(x) + k 2

3x 4 (x2 + 2) − 6x2 (x2 + 2) + 1
= ∫ dx
dh(x) – sinx x2 + 2
= f ' {g(x)} g'(x) = – 2
dx cos2 (cos x) 2
1
f(x)
f(t) = ∫ 3x 4 − 6x2 + dx
2
j(x) = ∫ dt – 2
x +2
g(x)
g(t)
sinx dt  5 2
x
2
h(x) = – ∫ 2
dx =
∫ cos2 t = tant = 2× 3  x 2 3 
– x +2×
1
tan–1
cos (cos x) 5 3 0  2
2 0
= tan(cosx) + c  
∴f(x) = tanx, g(x) = cosx 4 2 4 2  π –16 2 π

= 6 − + = +
tan x
 5 3  2 2 5 2 2
tant
J(x) = ∫ dt
cos x
cos t
∞ ∞
dx 1 x
0 Sol 11: ∫ a2 + x2 = tan−1
sint a a0
j(0) = ∫ cos2 t dt 0
1
1π π
= ⇒ a = 2525
cost = u ⇒ –sintdt = du a 2 5050
1 cos1
du –1  1 
= ∫ u2 =
u 1
=– 
cos1
− 1 = 1 – sec1 2
x2 − x
2
x2 + x
  Sol 12:
0
∫ dx = ∫ dx
–2 x2 + 4 –2 x2 + 4
π /2 π /2 2 2 2
1 − sin2x  1 − tanx  x2 x2
Sol 8: ∫ dx = ∫  dx ∴I =
1 + sin2x

 1 + tanx  ∫ dx = 2 ∫ dx
0 0 –2 x2 + 4 0 x2 + 4
π /2 π/ 4
 π  π 2 
= 4
∫ tan  x −  dx = 2logsec
 4
2nsec  x − 
 40
= 2∫  x2 + 4 −

dx

0 0 x2 + 4 
= 2n 2 = log2 2
x 2 
 x + 4 + 2log x + x2 + 4 
2 = 2 2 
Sol 9: 2I = ∫ (3x2 − 3x + 1)cos(x3 − 3x2 + 4x – 2)dx  −8log x + x2 + 4 
0   0
2
+ ∫ (3x2 − 9x + 7)cos(x3 − 3x2 + 4x − 2)dx = 2 8 − 4log 2 + 2 2 + 4log2
0
2
2 3 2
2I = 2 ∫ (3x – 6x + 4)cos(x – 3x + 4x − 2)dx = 4 2 − 4log 1 + 2
0
2
  ⇒ dx =  1 − sin2 t  2sintdt = sin2tdt
π/ 4    
1  cos x 
2 ∫0  
Sol 13: u = dx π /2
π t sin2tdt
sin
 
 
x + 
4   ∫ sin t − sin2 t + 1
4
0
2 π 
 π  π /2 π /2  − t  sin2tdt
π / 4  cos  − x  t sin2tdt 2 
=
1   4   dx = ∫ = ∫
2 ∫0   0 1 − sin2 t cos2 t 0 1 − sin2 t cos2 t
cos x
 
  π
π /2
sin2tdt
∴2I = ∫
 π 
2 2 0 1 − sin2 t cos2 t
π / 4  cos  − x 
4 
v=2 ∫  π /2 π /2
π sin2tdt π sin2tdt
0
 cos x  2I= ∫ = 4. ∫
  2 0
2
sin 2t 2 0 3 + cos2 2t
  1−
4
v 2  –1  dt
= = 4
∴  1
u 1/2 2I= 2π ∫   –
 1  3 + t2   2
π/ 4 1
1 xdx π dt π 1
1
t
Sol 14: ∫
2 0 cos x cos  π − x 
∴Ι= ∫
2 –1 3 + t 2
=
2
× tan−1
  3 3 –1
4 
π  1 π π π π2
π/ 4  − x  dx =  +  =
1 4  2 3 6 6  6 3
=
2
∫ π 
0 cos  − x  cos x
 4  1 +1 +5 5
π 22
x2x2+ +1 1  1 
π/ 4 dx Sol 16: ∫∫ nn1 1+ +x x− − 1 dx
log
∴ 2I =
1 4  1   x x  dx
∫
2 0 cos x cos  π − x 
1 +1 +5 5x 2 2 x2 2+ 1− 1   
x  x + 2 2 − 1  
  22  xx  
4 
1 +1 +5 5
π/ 4
π dx 22
11++x2x2     11  
I=
8 2
∫ π 
= ∫∫  
log
nn 1 1++ x x−−   dx
     x x  
22  dx
0 cos x cos  − x  11   1 
1 
  x x−−  ++11 
4     x x   
π/ 4
 
π dx
= ∫
8 2
cos x + cos x sinx 1  1 
0 x– = t ⇒  1 +  dx =
dt
x  x2 
π/ 4
π sec2 xdx
= ∫ 1
8 1 + tanx log(1 + t)
0 = ∫ dt
1 11 0 (t2 + 1)
π dt ππ π
= ∫ = log
n(1++t)t) = log2
n(1 n2 t = tanθ
8 01+t 88 00
8
ππ/ 4/ 4
1
= ∫∫ log
n(1
n(1++tan
tanθθ)d)dθθ
sin−1 x
Sol 15: ∫ x2 − x + 1 dx 00
0 ππ/ /44
 11−−tan
tanθθ
= ∫∫ log
nn11++ ddθθ
Let sin−1 x = t 00  11++tan
tanθθ
π / π4π
/ 4/ 4
1 1
× dx =
dt = ∫ ∫∫log
n(2)
n(2)
−−
n(2)−log
n(1n(1
++
n(1tan
+tan
θ)θθ)d)θddθθ
tan
1−x 2 x 0 00
ππ//44 Sol 19: cosx + cos3x = 2cos2xcosx

ππ π
∴2I = ∫∫ log
n2d = ln2
n2dθθ= og2⇒
n2 I = log2
n2
44 8 sinx + sin3x = 2sin2xcosx
00
π
1/n ∴I= ∫ (2cos x + 1)2 cos2 2x + sin2 2x dx
2  
Sol 17: lim n
n→∞ ∫ (2010 sinx + 2012cos x) | x | dx 0
–1/n π
1/n
= ∫ | 2cos x + 1 | dx
2 0
= lim n ∫ (2012cos x) | x | dx
n→∞ 2 π /3 π
–1/n
= ∫ (2cos x + 1)dx + ∫ (–2cos x − 1)dx
1/n 0 2 π /3
= 2012 lim 2n2 ∫ x cos xdx
n→∞ 2 π /3 2π π  2π 
0 = 2sinx + – 2sinx − n−
0 3 2 π /3  
3 

 1/n
1/n 
= 2012×2 lim n2  x sinx – ∫ sinxdx   3   4π   3
0 = 2 + – π – 20 − 
 
n→∞
0  2 
 2   3  
1 1 1  π π π
= 2012×2 lim n2  sin + cos − 1 = 3+ 3+ = 2 3+ = 12 +
n→∞  n n n  3 3 3
 1  ∴w = 12, k = 3
1
 sin cos − 1 
⇒ k2 + w2 = 9 + 144 = 153
= 2012 × 2 lim  n + n 
n→∞  1 1 
 n 2 
 n  1
(1 − x)(1 + x) dx
 1
Sol 20: ∫ x(1 + x)(1 + x) 1
0
= 2012 × 2 1 −  = 2012 +1+ x
 2 x
 
π 1  2 
1−x  1  dx
Sol 18: ∫ 2 sinx + 2cos x dx = ∫ 2
 1  
0 x 1
  x + 1  (1 + x)  x + x + 1
0
2 sinx + 2cosx > 0   

1
⇒ tanx > – 2 x –2 − 1 dx
= ∫ 1  1
 + x + 1
0
∴ x < π – tan–1 2 x
+ x +1
  x
π –tan−1 2 1 dt
3
= ∫
0
( 2 sinx + 2cos x dx ) Put
x
+x + 1 = t ⇒ – ∫
∞ (t + 1) t
π –tan−1 2 Put t = tan2θ ⇒ dt = 2tanθsec2θdθ

+ ∫ ( 2 sinx + 2cos x dx ) π /3
2 tan θ sec2 θ
π /2
π
=– ∫ dθ = 2 ∫ dθ
π− tan–1 2 π− tan−1 2 π /2 sec2 θ tan π /3
= – 2 cos x + 2sinx
0 0
π π π
π− tan–1 2 π− tan−1 2 = 2× –  =
+ 2sinx – 2 cos x 2 3 3
π π
=– 2[– cos tan−1 2 − 1] + 2sintan−1 2 π /2

 asinx + bcos x 
Sol 21: ∫   2dx
0  sinx + cos x 
+ 2 [sintan−1 2] – 2  – cos tan−1 2 + 1
 
π /2
(acos x + bsinx) 2
1 2 6 2 = ∫ dx
= 2 2× + 4× = = 2 6 sinx + cos x
0
3 3 3
π (a + b)π  π /3 
∴ 2I= 2(a + b) ⇒ I= π /3 π /3
2 2 2 = – 2 θ tan θ − ∫ tan θdθ  + π tan θ π / 4
π/ 4
 π/ 4 
1
Sol 22:  π/ 4 
∫ f(x)dx = 1 +2 θ tan θ
π/ 4
– ∫ tan θdθ 
0 0
 0 
1 1
f(2x)
⇒∫ dx = 1 ⇒ ∫ f(2x)dx = 3
3  π π   111 2 22 
0 0 = – 2  × 3 –   + log
n2
n2––– ln2]
n2 og
n2]
n2]  
π /2
(a + b)(sinx + cos x)  3 4   222 
∴2I ∫ (sinx + cos x)
2dx
0 ππ 11 
dt + π( 3 − 1) + 2  −− log
n2
n222
Put 2x = t ⇒ dx = 44 22 
2
2 2 2π π π
dt =– + + log2 + 3π–π+ – log2
∫ f(t) =3⇒ ∫ f(t)dt = 6 3 2 2
1
2 1
2 π
=
∴ ∫ f(t)dt = 6 – 1 = 5 3
1
π
(ax + b)sec x tanx
3 0 Sol 25: ∫ dx
Sol 23: ∫−1 {lx − 2l + [x]} dx = ∫−1 {lx − 2l + [x]} dx + 0 4 + tan2 x
−1 2 2I  π sec x tanx 
∫0 {lx − 2l + [x]} dx
= ∫1 {lx − 2l + [x]} dx = ∫ dx 
aπ + 2b  0 4 + tan2 x 
3  

+ ∫2 {lx − 2l + [x]} dx
–1 –1
dt 1 −1 t
0 1 = ∫ 3 + t2 = tan
∫−1 (2 − x − 1)dx + ∫0 (2 − x + 0)dx +
1 3 31
2 3
1  π π 1 2π (aπ + 2b)π
∫1 (2 − x + 1)dx + ∫2 (x − 2 + 2)dx + = π − −  = × ∴I =
3 6 6  3 3 3 3
0 1 2 3
x2 x2 x2 x2
=x − + 2x − + 3x − + π
(2x − 3)sinx
2
−1
2
0
2
1
2
2
Sol 26: ∫ (1 + cos2 x) dx
0
 1  1  1 9 π
−  −1 −  +  2 −  + (6 − 2) −  3 −  + − 2
= (2π + 6)sinx
 2  2  2 2 2I = ∫ dx
0 1 + cos2 x
 1  1  1 9 I
π
sinx
–1
–dt
1
dt
−  −1 −  +  2 −  + (6 − 2) −  3 −  + − 2
= =
 2  2  2 2 π+3 ∫ 1 + cos2 x dx = ∫ 1 + t2 = ∫ 1 + t2
0 1 1
=7 1 π π π
= tan−1 t = + ⇒ I = (π + 3)
−1 4 4 2
Sol 24: x = tanq
cos x
dx = secθdq Sol 27: Let f ( x ) = ….(i)
cos x + sin x
π /3
 –1 2 tan θ  2
∫  sin

 sec θdθ
1 + tan θ 
0 π 
cos  − x 
2
π/ 4 π /3
π  
= 2θ sec2 θdθ + ( π − 2θ)sec2 θdθ Then, f  − x  =
∫ ∫ 2  π  π 
0 π/ 4
cos  − x  + sin  − x 
 2   2 
π /2
sin x 1  x
= …(ii) = 2  x + 2 log cos 2 
sin x + co s x  0
1  π π 
  cos x + sinx =  + 2 log cos  − ( 0 + 2 log 1 ) 
) + f  2π − x 
Now, f ( x= = 1 2  2 4 
  cos x + sin x
1 π 1  1 π 1 1 π 
1
π2
 π  1
π /2 =  + 2 log =  + log  = 2  2 − log 2
f ( x ) + f  −=
2 2 2  2 2 2  
=∴I
2 ∫  2
x   dx
 2 ∫ x dx
0 0
1 π /2 1π  π a
= x  =  − 0 = log(1 + ax)
2  0 22  4 Sol 30: ∫ dx
0 1 + x2
nπ ax = tanθ ⇒ abx = sec2θ dq

nπ | sinx |
Sol 28: 2I = ∫ dx
1 + (cos x) tan−1 a2
0 alog(1 + tan θ)
∫ × sec2 θ = dθ
π
sinx
π /2
sinx 0 (a2 + tan2 θ)
2I = n2π ∫ dx = 2n2π ∫ dx
0
1 + cos x 0
1 + cos x
 tan−1 a2 
 tan−1 a2 2 
0 sec θ
–dt 1 log(1+tanθ)
n(1 + tan θ) ∫ dθ 
= 2n2π ∫ = 2n2π log
n(t + 1) = 2n2p log2  a2 + tan2 θ 
1
1+t 0
a 0
0 
 tan−1 a2 tan−1 θ 
∴I = n2p log2 = 100p log2  sec θ2 2
sec θ 
 – ∫ ∫ a2 + tan2 θ dθ
∴n = 10  0
(1 + tan θ ) 0 
 tan−1 a2
 1 −1 tan θ
π /2
cos x log(1+tanθ)
a n(1 + tan θ × tan

Sol 29: ∫ 1 + cos x + sinx
dx

a α 0
0
tan−1 a2 
π /2
cos x sec2 θ 1 tan θ 
– ∫  × tan−1  dθ
= ∫ (1 + cos x ) + sinx dx
0
 1 + tan θ a
 a 
0
x x 2I = log(1 + a2)tan–1a
π /2 cos − sin2 2
= ∫ 2 2 dx I = tan–1a log 1 + a2
0 2cos2 x x x
+ 2sin cos
2 2 2
n3 n3 n3
x
π /2 1 − tan2
2
ex + 1 2
ex dx 2
1
2 dx s Sol 31: ∫ dx = ∫ + ∫ dx
= ∫ x 0 e2x
+1 0
2x
e +1 0
2x
e +1
0 2 + 2 tan
2 e2x = t
x
[Dividing numerator and denominator By cos2 ] 2e2x dx = dt
2
 x  x 1
π /2  1 − tan   1 + tan  dx = dt
1  2  2 2t
=
2 ∫ x
dx
0 1 + tan log3 3
2 1 1
+
2 1∫ (t + 1)t
tan −1
e x 2 dt
π /2 0
1  x
=
2 ∫  1 − tan  dx
2
 1  1
3
0 π 1 
= tan–1 3 – + ∫  −  dt
4 2  1  t t + 1 
1 1 π π  1  1 1 
=   + log3
+n3 −n2
−−log2
n3 n2 = sin α sin β  −  =0
2 2 6 6  2  2αβ 2αβ 
a π /2
p + qπ
Sol 32: Given, ∫ x dx = 2a ∫ sin3 x dx
a 0
Sol 34: ∫ | cos x | dx
a 0
 x3/2  π /2
3 sin x − sin3 x p p + qπ
⇒  = 2a ∫ dx
 3 / 2  0 0
4 ∫ cos x + ∫ | cos x | dx
0 p
 sin
= 3x 3 sin x − 4 sin3 x  qπ
  p
π /2
= sinx +
0 ∫ (cos x)dx
2  3/2 a   cos 3x   0
⇒ a 0
−= 3 ( − cos x ) −  − 
3  2
  3 0 qπ
= sinp + q×2 ∫ (cos x)dx
0
2 3/2 a   π  1 3π 
⇒ a = −3  cos − cos 0  +  cos − cos 0   = 2q + sinp
3 2  2  3 2 
2
2 a 1  2/3 9 x − 2 
 −3 ( 0 − 1 ) + ( 0 − 1 ) 
–5
⇒ a3/2 = (x +5)2 e  3  dx
3 2 3 
Sol 35: ∫e dx + 3 ∫
–4 1/3
2 3/2 4a
⇒ a = ⇒ a a − 2a = 0  2
3 3 Let x + 5 = t and 3  x −  = t
 3
⇒a ( )
a − 2 = 0 ⇒ a = 0 or a = 2 ⇒ a = 0 or a = 4 0
t 2 t
0
2
= ∫ e dt + (–1)∫ e dt =
0
When a = 0: 1 1
1
a+1 1  x2  1 1 Put t = –2
∫=
x dx ∫=x dx   =
2
( 1 − 0) =
2
a 0  2  0 1
t2 z
0
2
When a = 4:
∫ e dt + (–1)∫ e dz = 0
0 1
a+1 5 5
 x2  1 9
∫=
x dx ∫=x dx =  ( 25 − 16 ) =
2 Sol 36: sin π x > cos π x
0 4  2  4 2
π π
2nπ + < px < 2nπ +
4 4
Sol 33: tan x = 2x
1 1
2n + < x < 2n +
1
1 4 4
2 ∫0
[cos(α − β)x − cos(α + β)x]dx
10
π

1  sin(α − β)x
1 1
sin ( α + β ) x 
∴
4 2 –10
∫ F(x)dx
−
2  ( α − β) 0 ( α + β) 
 0
 π
1
= × 2 × 10 ∫ f(x)dx
4 2
1  sin(α − β) sin ( α − β ) 
0
 − 
2 α −β ( α + β)  5π 
1/ 4 1 
  =  ∫ cos πxdx + ∫ sin πxdx 
sinα = 2acosa 2  0 1/ 4 
sinβ = 2bcosb 5π  1  π  1 π 
=  sin − 0  − cos π − cos  

sin α
sin β sin α
−
  sin αisnβ cos α cos β 
sin β   + 2 π  4  π 4 
1  2β 2α 2β 2α

=  − 
2  α −β   ( α + β) 
   
   
5π  1 1  2 π 
=  +  =5 π [x − (x − π)2 ]sin2x sin  cos x  dx
2  2π 2π  Sol 40: 2I = π ∫ 2 
0
2x − π
π /2  1 + sinx − (1 − sinx) π
tan−1  π 
Sol 37: ∫  1 + sinx + (1 – sinx) − 2 1 − sin2 x
dx = p2 ∫ sin2x sin  cos x  dx
0
0 2 
π /2
2sinx
π /2
2sinx π π
= tan−1 tan−1 Let cos x = t ⇒ – sinxdx = dt
∫ 2 − 2cos x
dx = ∫ 2 − 2cos x
dx 2 2
0 0
– π /2
2 2
π /2
π x
π /2
π x = – π2 × ∫ 2. t sintdt
= ∫ tan−1 tan  −  dx = ∫  −  dx π π /2
π
0 2 2 0 2 2
π /2
π2 1 π2 1 π2 π2 3π2 2I = 8 ∫ t sintdt
= − × × = − = – π /2
4 2 4 2 4 16 16
 π /2
π /2 
1 I = 4  −t cos t + ∫ cos tdt  = 4[+2] = 8
– π /2
 
Sol 38: x2 + 2x = k + ∫ t + k dt – π /2
0
t = k = 0 ⇒ dt = dU 1/3
 3 1 
(x − x )
1/3
k +1 1 3 1 
x  2 − 1 
1 x 
kt ∫ udu = (k + 1)2 − k 2  Sol 41: ∫ dx = ∫ 
k
2 
1/3 x4 1/3 x 4
2k + 1 1/3
=  1 
2 1  2 − 1
x
4k + 1  4k + 1  dx = ∫   dx
x2 + 2x = ⇒ x2 + 2x –   =0 1/3 x 3
2  2 
1 2 1 1
4 + 2(4k + 1) Put −1 =t, then − dt or
dx = dx = − dt
⇒ x = –2 ± x 2
x 3 3
x 2
2a
1 1
⇒ x = real and distinct When x = 1,t = − 1 = 0 and when x = ,t = 9 − 1 = 8
2
1 3
0
 
(x − x )
1 1/3
2x332 + x998 + 4x1668 sinx691 1 3 0
Sol 39: I = ∫ dx 1 1/3 1  t 4/3 
–1 1 + x666 Now, ∫ x4
dx =− ∫ t dt =
2 8
− 
2 4 

1/3
1 1  3  8
2x332 + x998 2x332 + x998
I= ∫ dx = 2 ∫ dx 3 3 3
1 + x666 1 + x666 =− 0 − 8 4/3  =−  −24  = − ( −16 ) =6
–1 0
8  8   8
 1  x332  
= 2 ∫  + x332  dx 
 0  1 + x 666  
  1  n−1
k +1 
Sol 42: lim  ∑ k ∫ (x − k)(k + 1 − x)dx 
n→∞ n2  
1
1
x332 k = 0 k
= 2 + 2∫ dx
333 333 2 x–k=t
0 1 + (x )
1 1 2
1
∫ t(1 − t)dt =
 1  dt   1 2
=
2
+ 2 ∫  
∫   − (t − 1) dx
2
0 0
333  0  1 + t2   333 1
 1
2 t − 
1 1 1  1 1 2
2 2 1
tan−1 t =
2  π π + 4 = t −  −  t −  + sin−1 
= + 1 +  = 2 2 4  2 8 1
333 333 0 333  4  666
2
0
π /2  π /2
π /2 
π 1 π 1 π = 4 ∫ tsint dt = 4  t(– cos t) + ∫ cos tdt 
– π /2
= × + × = −π /2  – π /2 
2 8 2 8 8
= 4 sint
π /2 
π1 n−1 1
π π 1 π =8
 – π /2 
∴ lim 2 ∑ k × = ∫ 8 xdx = 8 × 2 = 16 
n→∞ n
k =0 8 0
π /2
sinx + 3 3
Exercise 2
Sol 43: I = ∫ 5sin(x + α ) + 25
dx cosα =
5
0
π /2
4 cos x + 3sinx + 25 π 2
4I + 3J = ∫ dx =
0
4 cos x + 3sinx + 25 2 Sol 1: (C) ∫ (x + 3)(x − 1) dx
0
π /2
3cos x − 4 sinx 1 2
3I – 4J = ∫ 4 cos x + 3sinx + 25
dx = ∫ (x + 3)(1 − x)dx + ∫ (x + 3)(x − 1)dx
0 0 1
π /2 1 2
= log
n(4 cos x + 3sinx + 25) = – ∫ (x2 + 2x − 3)dx + ∫ (x2 + 2x − 3)dx
0
28 1 1
= log(28) – log(29) = log
29 x 3
1  x
3
2
28 28 = –  + x2 − 3x  +  + x2 − 3x 
 3   3
0 1
16I + 9I = 2π + 3log
3n = 2π + 3log 
29 29
a + b + c + d = 2 + 3 + 28 + 29 = 62 1  8 1 
= –  + 1 − 3 +  + 4 − 6 −  + 1 − 3  
3   3  3 
Sol 44: f(x) = ax2 +bx + c 5 2 5
= + + =4
f’(x) = 2ax + b 3 3 3
f’(2) = 4a + b = 1 π /2
1 1
f’(2) = 4a + b = 1 Sol 2: (B) ∫ 2
sinx −
2
cos x dx
0
2 +π 2 +π
x −2 (x − 2)
∫ f(x)sin  2  dx = – ∫ f(4 − x)in 2 dx 1 
π/ 4 π /2 
2 −π 2 −π = 
2  0
∫ (cos x − sinx)dx + ∫ (sinx − cos x)dx 

π/ 4
2 +π
(x − 2)
2I = – ∫ f(x) − f(4 − x) sin dx 1  π/ 4 π /2 
2 = sinx + cos x + (–cox − sinx)
2 −π 
2 0 π /4 

2 +π ax 2 + bx + c  
  x −2
= – ∫ sin   dx 1  1 1    1 1  
 2 
− a(4 − x) + b(4 − x) + c   2  =  + − 1  – 1 −  +  
2 −π 
  
2   2 2    2 2   
2 +π
a(x − 4 + x)(x + 4 − x)   x − 2 
= ∫   sin   dx 1  2 2 −2
2 −π 
+b(x − 4 + x)  2  = 2 −1 −1 + 2 = =2– 2
2   2
2 +π
x −2
= ∫ ( a(2x − 4)4 + 2bx − 4b ) sin   dx
2  π /2
2 −π 4  (4 − 1)(4 − 3)  π 3π
Sol 3: (D) 2 ∫ (sin x)dx = 2 ×  × =
2 +π 0  4 × (4 − 2)  2 8
(x − 2)
= ∫ (8ax + 2bx − 4)sin dx
2 −π
2
1 2 1.5
2 +π Sol 4: (B) =
∫ 0dx ∫ 1dx + ∫ 2dx
(x + 2)  x − 2  x−2
= 4 ∫ sin  dx =t 0 1 2
2 −π
2  2  2
= 2 – 1 + 2(1.5 – 2)=2– 2
π
x π/ 4
sec x
Sol 5: (A) I = ∫ dx …(i)
0 a2 cos2 x + b2 sin2 x
Sol 6: (A) ∫ 1 + 2sin2 x
dx
0
Then I = ∫
π
(π − x) dx
π/ 4
dx
= ∫
0 a cos ( π − x ) + b sin ( π − x )
2 2 2 2
0 cos x + 2sin2 x cos x
 a a  π/ 4
cos x dx
 ∫ f ( x )=
dx ∫ f ( a − x ) dx  = ∫
 0 0  0 cos x + 2sin2 x cos2 x
2
π
π−x π/ 4
cos xdx
Or I = ∫ a2 cos2 x + b2 sin2 x dx …(ii) = ∫
0
0 (1 − sin x)(1 + 2sin2 x)
2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 1/ 2

dt
π
x +π− x
= ∫ (1 − t )(1 + 2t2 )
2
0
2I = ∫ a2 cos2 x + b2 sin2 xdx
0
1/ 2
1  1 2 
π
=
3 ∫ 
1 − t 2
+ dt
1 + 2t2 
1 0
=π ∫ a2 cos2 x + b2 sin2 x dx
0 1/ 2 1/ 2
1 1 1 1
= ∫ dt + ∫ dt
π /2 3 1−t 2 3 1 2
1 0 0 +t
= 2π ∫ 2 2
a cos x + b sin x 2 2
dx 2
0 1/ 2
1 1+t 1 1 1/ 2
 2a a  = n + × tan−1 2t
 ∫ f ( x ) dx 2 ∫ f ( x ) dx,
= = if f ( 2a − x ) f ( x )  6 1−t 0 3 1/ 2 0
 0 0 
π /2
sec2 x 1 2 +1 2 π 1 π 
= n + × = n( 2 + 1) +
∴ 2I =2π ∫ a2 + b2 tan2 x
dx
6 2 −1 3 4 3 

2 2
0
[Dividing num. and denom. By cos² x]

1
x2
π /2
sec x 2 Sol 7: (C) ∫e (x − α )dx = 0
Or I = π ∫ a2 + b2 tan2 x
dx 0
0
For this integral to be zero
Let tan x = z . Then, sec x dx = dz 2
If α < 0 then x – α when x ∈ (0, 1) > 0
π π ∴It is not possible that integral reduce to zero
Also x = 0 ⇒ z = tan 0 = 0 and x → 2 ⇒ z → tan 2
If 2 > α > 1 then x – a
or z → ∞
when x ∈ (0, 1) < 0 function gives negative value and so
∞
π dz
∞
dz cannot reduced zero.
∴ I =π ∫ = ∫ ∴If 0 < α < 1, fn can take both positive and negative
(a / b)
2 2 2
0 a +b z b2 0
2
+ z2
valuce and it is possible that integral reduced to zero
∞
1  −1  z  
π
= × tan   π /2
b (a / b)   a / b 0
∫ {x – [sinx]} dx
2
Sol 8: (A)
∞ 0
⇒I
=
π
ab
 −1  bz  
tan =
 a
 0

π
ab
tan−1 ∞ tan−1 0 ( ) [ ] → greatest integer function
 π
[sinx] = 0 sinx ∈ [0, 1) i.e. x ∈ 0, 
π π  π2  2
=  − 0  = 2ab π /2 2
π /2
π2
ab  2  = ∫ (x − 0)dx = x =
0 2 8
0
100 2t
Sol 9: (B) ∫ sin ( x[x]) πdx Put ex – 1 = t2 ⇒ exdx = 2tdt or dx = dt
1 + t2
0
ex –1 ex −1
Since x – [x] has a period of 1 2 π
∫ dt = 2 tan−1 t =
1 1+t 2 1 6
1
100  1
∴I = 100 ∫ sin πxdx =  – cos πx 0 
π    π π
0 2 tan−1 t –  =
 4 6
100 200
=
π
( –(–1 – 1) ) =
π π π
∴tan–1t = ⇒ ∴t = tan = 3
3 3
∞
xlogx ∴ex – 1 = 3 ⇒ x = log4
Sol 10: (B) ∫ (1 + x2 )2 dx
0 2
r
 
x = tanθ ⇒ dx = sec2qdq n
r2 n
n 1
Sol 13: (A) lim ∑ = lim ∑ ×
π /2
n→∞
r =1 r
3 3
+n n→∞
r =1  r
3 n
tan θ log(tan θ)sec2 θdθ   +1
I= ∫ n
sec 4 θ  
0
1 1
x21 n2
π /2 = ∫ dx = n(x3 + 1) =
= ∫ tan θ log(tan θ)cos2 θdθ 3
0 x +1
3 0
3
0
π /2  n n2  1
= ∫ sin θ cos θ log(tan θ)dθ Sol 14: (B) lim  ∑ − 
 
 r =1 (n + r )  2n 
n→∞  2 2 3/2
0
n 1
π /2 1 1 1
= lim ∑ × = ∫ dx
= ∫ cos θ sin θ logcot θdθ n
( )
n→∞ 3/2 3/2
r =1   2 0 1 + x2
0  1 +  r  
π /2

  n  
∴ 2I = ∫ sin θ cos θ logtan θ + logcot θ  dθ
0
Put x = tanθ ⇒ dx = sec2θdq
π/ 4
π /2 π sec2 θdθ π/ 4 1
= ∫ cos θdθ = sin θ =
= ∫ sin θ cos θ logtan− logtan θ  dθ = 0 4 ∫ sec3 θ 0
0
2
0
n
n n
Sol 15: (A) lim ∑
nn
  r r  11 –
lim∑
Sol 11: (B) log I = lim ∑log
n
n 1
 1++n  ××n n→∞
n→∞
r =1  
n→∞r =1 n  n r =1 [n + 4(r − 1)]3 (n + 4n)3
1 n
1 1 1
log I = ∫ log(1
n(1 + x)dx
+ x)dx lim ∑ × –
n→∞
r =1 3 n (5) × n1/2
3/2
0  4r 
1 1 + 
1 x  n
logI = x log (1 + x) – ∫ 1 + x dx
0 1 1
0 1
1
= ∫ dx = ∫ (1 + 4x)–3/2 dx
1 (1 + 4x)3
= log2 – ∫ 1 − n(1 + x)10
dx = log2 – [1] + log 0 0
0
1+x
1 1
1/2
4 4 (1 + 4x)−1/2 1 1 1 
= 2log2 – loge = log ⇒I= = × = –  
e e –1 / 2 4 2  1 + 4x 
0 0
Sol 12: (A)

x
∫
1
dx
1 1
=– 
2 5
 1
− 1=
 10
5− 5 ( )
log2 ex − 1
 n  πr   1 2n n
Sol 16: (B) log I = lim  ∑ logtan    ∴ I(m,n)= − . I(m + 1,n − 1)
n→∞   2n   n m+1 m+1
 r =1
1
π  x
= ∫ logtan  x  dx 1 − (f '(t))2 dt
0 2 
Sol 3: (C) Given ∫0
x
π 2 = ∫ f(t)dt, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
x = t ⇒ dx = dt 0
2 π
π /2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x by using Leibnitz rule,
we get
⇒ ∫ logtantdt =0
0
1 − (f '(x))2 =
f(x)
∴I=e =1 0
⇒ f '(x) =± 1 − (f(x))2
Previous Years’ Questions f '(x)
⇒∫ dx = ± ∫ dx
1/2  1 + x  1 − (f(x))2
Sol 1: (A) ∫−1/2  [x] + log  1 − x   dx
⇒ sin–1 (f(x)) = ± x + c
1/2 1/2 1 + x  Put x = 0
= ∫−1/2 [x]dx + ∫−1/2 log  1 − x  dx ⇒ sin–1 (f(0)) = c
1/2 ⇒ c = sin–1 (0) = 0 (∴ f(0) = 0)
= ∫−1/2 [x]dx + 0
∴ f(x) = ± sin x
 1 + x   but f(x) ≥ 0, ∀ x ∈ [0, 1]
 log   is an odd function
 1 − x   ∴ f(x) = sin x
=
0 1/2 As we know that,
∫−1/2 [x]dx + ∫0 [x]dx
sin x < x ∀ x > 0
0 1/2
= ∫−1/2 (−1)dx + ∫0 (0)dx
1 1 1 1
∴sin   < and sin   <
0 2 2 3 3
=  x 
−1/2
1 1 1 1
⇒ f   < and f   <
 1 1 2 2 3 3
= −0 +  =−
 2 2
1 m Sol 4: (A) x2 = t ⇒ 2x dx = dt
Sol 2: (A) Here, I(m, n) = ∫ t (1 + t)ndt reduce into
0
log 3
I(m + 1, n – 1) [we apply integration by parts taking 1 sin t
I= ∫
2 log 2 sin t + sin (log 6 − t)
dt
(1 + t)n as first and tm as second function] ∴
1
 tm+1  log 3
= (1 + t)n .
∴ I(m,n)  1 sin (log 6 − t)
2 log∫ 2 sin (log 6 − t) + sin t
m + 1  I= dt
 0
1 tm+1
− ∫ n(1 + t)(n−1) . dt log 3
0 m+1 1 1 3
2 log∫ 2
=2I 1dt ⇒ I log
4 2
2n n 1
= − ∫ (1 + t)(n−1) . tm+1dt
m+1 m+1 0
n
n ∴ In+2 = In . … (iii)
Sol 5: (A, D) Gives, Sn = ∑ n2 + kn + k 2
k =0
π sinnx
Since, In = ∫0 dx ⇒ I1 = π and I2 = 0
  sinx
n   n
1 1 1 ∴ From Eq. (iii) I1 = I3 = I5 = …. = p
∑ n  k k 2  < nlim ∑
k 0n
→∞
k 0=
 1 + +  and I2 = I4 = I6 =…..= 0
 n n 
2
10 10
  ⇒ ∑ I2m+1= 10π and ∑ I2m = 0
  m=1 m=1
 1 
 2  ∴ Correct options are A, B, C.
 k k  
1 + n + n 
    4
1x (1 − x)4
1 Sol 7: (A) Let I = ∫0 dx
1 1  2 −1  2  1   1 + x2
==
∫0 1 + x + x2 dx  3 tan  3  x + 2  
 0 4
1 (x − 1)(1 − x)4 + (1 − x)4
=∫ dx
2 π π π 0
(1 + x2 )
= . −  =
3  3 6  3 3
1 1 (1 + x2 − 2x)2
π = ∫0 (x2 − 1)(1 − x)4 dx + ∫ dx
i.e. Sn < 0
(1 + x2 )
3 3
π 1
 4x2 
Similarly, Tn > 2
− 1)(1 − x)4 + (1 + x2 ) − 4x + 4 −
3 3
= ∫0 (x  dx
(1 + x2 ) 

π sinnx 1 4 
Sol 6: (A, B, C) Given In = ∫−π (1 + πx )sinx dx … (i) = 2
− 1)(1 − x)4 + (1 + x2 ) − 4x + 4 −
∫0  (x  dx
1−x  2
b b
Using ∫a f(x)dx
= ∫ f(b + a − x)dx
a =
1 6
∫0  x − 4x51 + 5x 4 − 4x2 + 4 −
4
 dx 2
1+x 
π πx sinnx
we get In = ∫−π (1 + πx )sinx dx … (ii) 1x
4x6 5x5 4x37 
1
= ∫  − + − + 4x − 4 tan−1 x 
0 7 6 5 3
  0
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
sinnx π sinnx 1 4 5 4 π  22
π = − + − + 4 − 4 − 0 = −π
=2In ∫=
−π sinx
dx 2∫
0 sinx
dx 7 6 5 3  4  7
sinnx = (cosec x.cot x + sec2x – cos x)

( f(x) = is an even function)
sinx . (cos3x – cos x) . cos x
π sinnx  sin2 x + cos3 x − cos3 x.sin2 x 
⇒ In = ∫0 sinx
dx = − 
 sin2 x.cos2 x 
π sin(n + 2)x − sinnx
Now, In+ 2 − In = . cos2x . sin2x
∫ 0 sinx
dx
= – sin2x – cos3x (1 – sin2x)
π 2cos(n + 1)x.sinx = – sin2x – cos5x
= ∫0 sinx
dx
π /2 π /2
∴ ∫0 − ∫ (sin2 x + cos5 x)dx
f(x)dx =
0
π
= 2∫ cos(n + 1)x dx
0
π
 sin(n + 1)x 
2=
  0
 (n + 1)  0
 ⇒ f’’(a) = 0, ∀ a ⇒ R
m+1 n+ 2 
 π /2  ⇒ f(x) must have maximum degree 1
 m n 2 2 
 ∫0
sin x.cos x dx =
m+n+2 
 2 
 2  x − [x] if [x] is odd
Sol 11: Given, f(x) = 
 3 1 1 + [x] − x if [x] is even
6 1
 . . 
π /2 
− 2 2 + 2 2 
∴ ∫ f(x)dx =
 f(x) and cos px both are periodic with period 2 and both
0
 2 2 7  are even.
 2
2  10 10
∴ ∫ πxdx 2 ∫ f(x)cos πxdx
f(x)cos=
−10 0
π /2
Sol 8: (C) ∫0 sinx dx
y
π   π 
−0  0 + 
2 π 2
=  sin0 + sin   + 2sin  
4  2  2 
   x
  
–10 –9 –2 –2 0 1 2 9 10
π
= (1 + 2)
8
3
= 10 ∫ f(x)cos πx dx
Sol 9: (A) F’(c) = (b – a) f’(c) + f(a) – f(b) 0
F’’(c) = f’’(c) (b – a) < 0 1

Now, ∫ f(x)cos πx dx
⇒ F’(c) = 0 0
f(b) − f(a)
⇒ f '(c) = 1 1
b−a ∫ (1 − x)cos πx dx =
= − ∫ ucos πudu and
0 0
t (t − a)
∫a f(x)dx − 2 {f(t) + f(a)} 2 2 1
Sol 10: (B) Given, lim =0 ∫ f(x)cos πx dx = ∫ (x − 1)cos πx dx = – ∫ ucos πudu
t →a (t − a)3 1 1 0
Using L’ Hospital’s rule 10 1

40
a +h h
∴ ∫ f(x)cos πx dx =
−20 ∫ ucos πudu =
π2
∫af(x)dx − {f(a + h) + f(a)}
2
−10 0
⇒ lim =0
h→0 h3 π2
10
10 −∫10
1 ⇒ f(x)cos πx dx =
4
f(a + h) − {f(a + h) + f(a)}
2
h x ln t
− {f '(a + h)} Sol 12: f(x) (given)
⇒ lim
2 =0
= ∫1 1 + t dt for x > 0
h→0 3h2
1/x lnt
Now, f(1 / x) = ∫1 dt
Again, using L’Hospital’s rule 1+t
Put t = 1/u
1 1
f '(a + h) − f '(a + h) − f '(a + h)
2 2 ⇒ dt = (–1/u2)du
h
− f ''(a + h) x ln(1 / u) ( −1)
2 =0 ∴ f(1 / x) = ∫1 1 + 1 / u . du
⇒ lim u2
h→0 6h
h x ln u x lnt
− f ''(a + h) = ∫1 u(u + 1) du = ∫1 t(1 + t) dt
⇒ lim 2 =0
h→0 6h
 1 x log t x log t
π /3 π dx
∴ I 2∫ +0
Now, f(x) + f =
 
x
∫1 (1 + t) dt + ∫1 (1 + t) =
dt 0  π
2 − cos  | x | + 
 3
x (1 + t)log t x xlog t  
= ∫1 dt + ∫1 dt
t(1 + t) t  3 
 x dx
is odd
  π 
1 x 1  2 − cos  | x | +  
= (logt)2  = (logx)2 3
2 1 2   
Put x = e π /3 dx
I = 2π ∫
11  11 11
0 2 − cos(x + π / 3)
2
∴ f(e)
f(e) ++ ff = = (lne)
 (lne)2==2
(loge)
 ee  22 22
Put x +
π
= t ⇒ dx = dt
3
Hence proved. t
sec2 dt
2 π /3 dt 2 π /3 2
∴ I = 2π ∫π /3 = 2π ∫
2 − cos t π /3 t
Sol 13: Let I =
π /2
f(cos2x)cos x dx … (i) 1 + 3tan2
∫0 2
t t
π /2  π  π  Put tan = u ⇒ sec2 dt = 2du
2 2
=I ∫0 f  cos2  − x   cos  − x  dx
  2   2 
3 2du 4π
using a f(x)dx a  ⇒ I = 2π ∫ = [ 3 tan−1 3u] 13
 ∫0 = ∫0 f(a − x)dx  1/ 3
1 + 3u 2 3
3
π /2
I= ∫0 f(cos2x)sinx dx … (ii) 4π 4π 1
= (tan−1 3 − tan−1 1) = tan−1  
3 3 2
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
π /2 π /3 π + 4x3 4π 1
2I ∫0 f(cos2x)(sinx + cos x)dx ∴∫ dx = tan−1  
−π /3  π
2 − cos  | x | + 
 3 2
π /2  3
2∫ f(cos2x)[cos(x − π / 4)]dx
0
π Sol 15: Let

Put –x + = t ⇒ –dx = dt
4 π |cos x |  1  1 
=I ∫0 e  2sin  cos x  + 3cos  cos x   sinx dx
 2  2 
−π / 4  π 
∴ 2I=– 2 ∫ f  cos  − 2t   cos t dt
π/ 4
 2  π |cos x | 1 
⇒ I= ∫0 e .sinx.2sin  cos x  dx
 2 
π/ 4
∴ 2I = 2∫ f(sin2t)cot t dt
−π / 4
π 1 
π/ 4
+ ∫ e|cos x| .3cos  cos x  .sinx dx … (i)
∴ I = 2∫ f(sin2t)cos t dt
0
2 
0
⇒ I = I1 + I2
Sol 14:  using 2a f(x)dx 
 ∫0 
π /3 π dx π /3 x3 dx  
Let I ∫−π /3 +4 ∫−π /3  0, f(2a − x) =−f(x) 

 π  π =  a 
2 − cos  | x | +  2 − cos  | x | +   2∫ f(x)dx, f(2a − x) = +f(x)  
 3  3   0 
∴
0, f( −x) =−f(x) where I1 = 0 [ f(π – x) = –f(x)] …(ii)
a 
Using ∫−a f(x)dx =  a
2∫0 f(x)dx, f( −x) =f(x) and
π /2 cos x 1 
I2 = 6 ∫ e .sinx.cos  cos x  dx
0 2  
1 t A circle C of radius 1 is inscribed in an equilateral triangle

Now, I2 = 6 ∫ et .cos   dt PQR. The points of contact of C with the sides PQ, QR,
0
2
RP are D, E, F, respectively. The line PQ is given by the
(Put cos x = t ⇒ – sin x dx = dt)
3 3 3
 t 1 t 
1
equation 3x + y − 6 = 0 and the point D is  2 , 2 
= 6 et cos   + ∫ et sin dt   
 2
  2 2 0 Further, it is given that the origin and the centre of C are
1
  t  1 t et t  on the same side of the line PQ.
= 6 et cos   +  et sin − ∫ cos dt  
 2 2  2 2 2  
0 x
t2
1 Sol 19: (A) Let f ( x=
) ∫ 1 + t 4 dt= 2x − 1
 t 1 t I
=6 et cos + et sin  − 2 0
 2 2 2 0 4 4
x2 1 + x 4 − 2 ⇒ −2x + x − 2 < ∀x ∈ R
f (x) =
x4 + 1
24  1 e 1 
=  ecos   + sin   − 1  … (iii)
f ( 0 ) > 0, f (1 ) < 0
5  2 2 2 
From Eqs. (i), we get ∴ One solution in (0, 1)
24  1 e 1  x
=I  ecos   + sin   − 1  Sol 20: f ( x=
) ∫ f ( t ) dt ⇒ f ( 0=) 0
5  2 2 2  0
f ( x ) f ( x ) , x > 0 ⇒ f ( x ) = kex , x > 0

Also=
1
Sol 16: Let=
I2 ∫0 (1 − x
50 101
) dx,
 f ( 0 ) = 0 and f ( x ) is continuous
using integration by parts
1
⇒ f ( x ) = 0∀x > 0
= (1 − x50 )101 . x  ∴ f ( In5 ) =
0
 0
1
+ ∫ (1 − x50 )100 50. x 49 . x dx
0 Sol 21: (C) f ' =± 1 − f2
1
= 0 − ∫ (50)(101)(1 − x50 )100 ( − x50 )dx ⇒ f (x) =
sinx or f ( x ) =
− sinx (not possible)
0
⇒ f (x) =
sinx
1 50 101 1
= –50(101) ∫0 (1 − x ) dx +(50)(101) ∫0 (1 − x
50 100
) dx Also x > sinx∀ > 0 .
= 5050I2 + 5050I1
Sol 22: A → p, q, s; B → p, t; C → p, q, r, t; D → s
∴ I2 + 5050I2 = 5050I1
dy
(A) ( x − 3 )
2
+y =0
(5050)I1 dx
∴ = 5051
I2 dx dy 1
∫ = ∫ y
⇒ =In y + c
( x − 3)
2 x −3
Sol 17: (B) g ( x ) =

( )
f ' ex ex
So domain is R − {3} .
1 + e2x
Hence positive for ( 0,∞ ) and negative for ( −∞ ,0 ) (B)
x= Put
t + 3x = t + 3
2 2
Consider the line
∫ ( t + 2 )( t + 1 ) t ( t − 1 )( t − 2 ) dt = ∫ t ( t − 1 )( t − 4 ) dt =
2 2
0
x +1 y + 2 z +1 x −2 y +2 z −3
L1 : = = ,L2 : = = 5  1
2
3 1 2 1 2 3 (C) f ( x ) =−  sinx − 
4  2
1 1
Sol 18: (D) Hence ∫ g' ( x =) g (1 ) − g ( −1=) 2g (1 ) Maximum value occurs when sinx =
2
−1
(D) f ( x ) > 0 if cos > sinx
x y z Sol 25: (A)

Sol 23: (A) Let the line be = = intersects the lines
( ) ( )
  2 2
 
a b c x 4  1 + x2
− 4x 1 + x2 + 4x2 
4  1 + x2  −2x 
x 4 (1 − x )
1
1 1   1
x 
⇒ S.D = 0 ⇒ a + 3b + 5c = 0 and ∫ 1 + x2
= ∫= =∫  
2 2
0 0 1+x
1+x 0
( )
2
4 
2
3a + b − 5c = 0 ⇒ a : b : c :: 5r : −5r : 2r  2   2
1 x  1+x −4
4  1 + x  −2x 
( )
1
1 x4 1 − x 1  
x  

on solving with given lines we get points of intersection =∫ ∫= ∫
2
0 1 + x 0 1 + x2 0 1+
 10 10 8 
P ≡ (5, −5,2 ) and Q ≡  , − ,  ⇒ PQ2 =d2 =6 1
 3 3 3  4x2 
(B) (p, r)
= ∫x
42
(
 1 + x − 4x +

)
1 + x2 
dx
0
t an−1 ( x + 3) − tan−1 ( x − 3) =
sin−1 ( 3 / 5 )  4x6 
= ∫  x6 + x 4 − 4x5 +  dx
⇒ tan−1
( x + 3) − ( x − 3) = tan−1
3
⇒
6
=
3  1 + x2 
(
1+ x −92
) 4 x −8 4
2
Now on polynomial division of x6 by 1 + x2 , we obtain
∴ x2 − 8 =8
Or x = ±4
 6 
+ x 4 − 4x5 + 4  x 4 − x2 + 1 −
∫ x 
1 
(

1 + x2  
)
(C) (q, s)
    2


(
= ∫  x6 − 4x5 + 5x 4 − 4x2 + 4 −
dx
4 
 dx
1 + x2 
)

( )
As a = µ b + 4 c ⇒ µ b =− 4 b. c and b = 4 a. c
 
 x7 4x6 5.x5 4x3 
2     = − + − + 4x  01−4 tan− x x 
and b + b. c − d. c =  
0  7 6 5 3 
   
Again, as 2 b + c = b − a 1 4 4   π 1  22
  =  − + 1 + 4  − 4   =  + 3 − =
π −π
2
Solving and eliminating b. c and eliminating a 7 6 3  4 7  7
2
( )
We get 2 µ2 − 10µ b = 0 ⇒ µ = 0 and 5. Sol 26: (A) x2 =
t ⇒ 2xdx =
dt
x / 2( ) )dx ( x / 2)dx In3

x sin9 x / 2
2π sin9sin9
π 1 sint
(D) 2=
x 2
I sin9 ∫ ( 2= × 2∫ ( x / 2 ) I= ∫
2 In2 sint + sin ( In6 − t )
dt
π −∫x sin π ∫0 sin0( xsin
π − x sin ( x /dx2=)
/ 2( )
=I × 2π / 2)
x dx
( x / 2)
x / 2 = θ ⇒ dx = 2bθ
x / 2 = θ ⇒ dx = 2bθ 1
In3 sin ( In6 − t )
x = πθ = π / 2 and I = ∫ dt
x = πθ = π / 2 2 In2 sint ( In6 − t ) + sint
π /2
8 8sin9sin9
π /2
θ (θsin7
θ − sin7
θ − sin7
( sin7θ − sin5θ )
+ θ − sin5θ )
∫
π ∫0 π 0 sin θsin θ
+ x2 =
sin θsin θ t ⇒ 2xdx =
dt
( sin5( sin5 θ ) θ()sin3

( sin3θ − sin θ ) sin θ d16 In3
θ − sin3 1 1 3
+ +
θ − sin3
+ + θ − sin θ ) + sin+θ dθ = θ =2I ∫ 1dt=
⇒I In
2 In2 4 2
sin θsin θ sin θsin θ sin sin π
π /2 π /2
8
∫ ( cos8θ + cos6θ + cos 4θ + cos2θ + 1) + π ∫ dθ Sol 27: (B)
0 0
 2  π + x 
16  sin8θ sin6θ sin 4θ sin2θ   x + n    cos xdx
=  + + +  
π /2
 π − x 
π  8 6 4 2  ∫ π /2  π+x 
8 π /2 8 π  =−π /2
2 ∫ x2 cos xdx + 0  n   is an odd function 
+ θ  = 0 ×  − 0 = 4 0   π − x  
π π 2 
 π /2 π /2   2  π /2
xn (1 + x ) 1 1 1  (
= 2  x2 sinx ) ∫  2  π − 0  − 4 x sinxdx
2x sinxdx=
  4



∫
Sol 24: (B) lim = lim ×=  0 0  0
x →0
( 4
x + 4 × 3x) 2 x → 0 4 3 12
π2  π /2  π2
− 4 ( −x cos x )
π /2
= + ∫ cos xdx=
 −4
2  0
0  2
π
1  1 1 
( ) ( ) 
2 
( −2x )
4 5
− ∫ 2x (1 − x ) dx 
5
Sol 28: (A) ∫ ( 2cosecx ) dx
17 =  4x3 × 5 1 − x2 − 12   x2 1 − x2
 0  
π
 0 0 
1
( )
4
= 0 − 0 − 12 0 − 0  + 12∫ 2x 1 − x2 dx
Let 0
(( ))
π π 1
2cosecx,x,xx= = π ⇒ =InIn11++ 22 , x, x= = π ⇒
( )
n −n
een ++ee−n = =2cosec ⇒uu=log ⇒uu= =00  2
6 
44 22  1−x   1
= 12 ×  −  = 12 0 + = 2
 6   6
en and
⇒ cosec x + cot x =   0
u −u
e −e
x − cot x =e−n ⇒ cot x =
2 1
−1   12 + 9x 2 

(e u
) dx =
−e −u
−2cosecx cot xdx Sol 31: α =∫  e9x +3 tan x  
0    1 + x2 

 dx

⇒ −∫ (e + e ) u
(e − e ) du−u
17
u −u
Put 9x + 3tan−1 x =

t ⇒ 9 +
3 
 dx =
1 + x2 
dt

2cosecx cot x
4 3π
t
9+  3π 
0 (
log 1+ 2 ) ⇒
= α ∫ e= dt e 4 − 1 ⇒  loge 1 + α −  = 9
4 
−2
= ∫ (e
u
)
+ e−u du = u u
∫ 2(e + e )du
0 
(
log 1+ 2 )
((sin at + cos at ))dt =
π
t 6 4
Sol 32: (A, C) Let ∫e A
0
1 2π
Sol 29: (D) (p) f ( x ) =
ax + bx, ∫ f ( x ) dx =
1 =I
2
0
∫e
t
(sin at + cos at ) dt
6 4
⇒ 2a + 3b =
6 Put t = π + x
dt = dx
⇒ ( a,b ) ≡ ( 0,2 ) and ( 3,0 )
For a = 2 as well as a = 4
π
(q) f ( x )
=
 π
2 cos  x2 − 
= (
I ex ∫ ex sin6 ax + cos4 at dt= e2π A ⇒ I = eπ A )
 4 0
π
π π Similarly ∫e e
π π
(sin6 at + cos4 at)dt =
e2π A
x2 − = 2nπ ⇒ x2= 2nπ + 0
4 4
A + e A + e2π A + e3π A e4 π − 1
π
π 9π =L = ∴ For both a = 2, 4
⇒ x =± ,± as x ∈  − 3, 13  A eπ − 1
4 4  
(r)
2
3x2 3x2  2
2 ( x ) F ( x ) + xF'(( x )
Sol 33: (A, B, C) (A) f '=
∫  1 + ex 1 + e− x
 +
 ∫ 3x dx =
dx = 8
0  0
(1) F (1) + F' (1)
f=
1/2
1 + x 
(s) ∫ cos2x In   dx = 0 as it is an odd function (1 ) F (1 ) < 0
f '=
−1/2 1 − x 
(B) f ( 2 ) = 2F ( 2 )
1
d2 F ( x ) is decreasing and F(1) = 0
Sol 30: (2) ∫ 4x
0
3
dx2
(1 − x )dx 2
Hence F(2) < 0
⇒ f ' (2) < 0

51 1

=  4x3

d
dx
(
1 − x2  − ∫ 12x2
0
 0
d
dx
1 − x2 dx ) ( )
( x ) F ( x ) + xF' ( x )
(C) f=
F ( x ) < 0∀x ∈ (1,0 )

F' ( x ) < 0∀x ∈ (1,3)

Hence f ( x ) < 0∀x ∈ (1,3)
0 1 2
x.0 x.0 x.1 1
Sol=
34: I ∫ 2 + 0 dx + ∫ 2 + 1 dx + ∫ 2 + 0=
dx + 0
−1 0 1
4
⇒ 4I − 1 =0
π /2
x2 cos x
Sol 35: (A) I = ∫ dx … (i)
−π /2 1 + ex
π /2
x2 cos x
I= ∫ 1
dx … (ii)
−π /2 1 +
ex
π /2
x2 cos x.ex
= ∫ 1 + ex
dx
−π /2
(i) and (ii)

π /2
2I ∫ x2 cos x dx
−π /2
π /2
I= ∫ x2 cos x dx (even fn)
0
π /2
= x2 .sin x π /2
0 − ∫ 2x sin x dx
0
π2  π /2 
− 2 ( −x cos x ) − ∫ ( − cos x ) dx 
π /2
=
4  0
0 
π2 π2 π2
= − 2 0 + sin x π /2 
0   = − 2 1 = − 2
4  4 4

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23.

∫ 3x + 2x + k dx is already given i.e. 0 hence by using simple integral

2. PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS

Here x is a dummy variable; it can be replaced by any other variable t, u,……..

∫ f(x)dx= ∫ f(a + b − x)dx

∫ f(sinx)dx = ∫ f(cos x)dx ; ∫ f(tanx)dx = ∫ f(cot x)dx

∫ f(sin2x)sinx dx = ∫ f(sin2x)cos x dx ; ∫ f(logx)dx

Shrikant Nagori (JEE 2009 AIR 30)

Adding (i) and (ii),

Adding (i) and (ii), we get

3π / 4 sinx 3π / 4 cos x 3π / 4 sinx + cos x

On applying property 5, we get

Note: The above property is used to halve the limits

Sol: Similar to the problem above.

Now, f(π – x) = cos (π – x) = (– cos x)3 = – cos5x

∫ (n − m)∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(x)dx

This property is also called the domination law.

Every continuous function defined on [a, b] is integrable over [a, b]

Nitish Jhawar (JEE 2009 AIR 7)

3. SOME SPECIAL INTEGRALS

3.1 Walli’s Formula

Sol: By using Walli’s formula we can solve the given problem.

3.2 Gamma Function

where Γ(n) is called the gamma function

(if m and n both are not simultaneously even positive integers)

((m − 1) (m − 3)....(1))((n − 1)(n − 3)....(1))  π 

We can solve it.

r ( (4 + 1) / 2 ) Γ ( (5 + 1) / 2 ) Γ (5 / 2 ) Γ(3) ((3 / 2).(1 / 2))(=2.1 ) 8

4. NEWTON LEIBNITZ FORMULA

5. SUMMATION OF SERIES BY INTEGRATION (LIMIT AS A SUM)

The following method is used to solve the questions on summation of series.

1100 + 2100 + 3100........n100

Evaluate the following definite integrals as the limit of sums.

b − a  cos ( a + ((n − 1) / 2 ). h) . sin (nh / 2 ) 

Sol: Similar to the problem above.

6. INTEGRAL WITH INFINITE LIMITS

∫ f(x)dx= ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(2a − x)dx= ∫ f(x)dx + ∫ f(a + x)dx

∫ [x]dx= (b − a)∫ x dx, where [ ] denotes the fractional part of x.

Derivation of the given formula is given in the solved examples

a+nT T 10. If f(x) = f(x + a) then

Definite integral of rational functions

π 0 m,n int egers and m ≠ n

π 0 m,n int egers and m ≠ n

π 0 m,n int egers and m + n odd

Definite integrals of exponential functions

= ∫ log(tan2 t) . sin2t dt = 2 ∫ sin2t . log(tan t)dt

1 Example 6: Let f(x) be an odd function in the interval

integration we can obtain the result.  n 

+ q(1 + 1 +……+ 1)]

Q.26 Let f and g be function satisfying the following 2

π (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

Exercise 2 (C) 2∫ f(x)dx (D) None of these

Single Correct Choice Type log5

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1

e Q.20 If [x] stands for the greatest integer

π Q.21 The value of ∫ (| x − 2 | +[x])dx is ([x]

π (A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3

Q.18 The value of Q.26 The value of α ∈ (-π, 0) satisfying

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) ½

(A) (2, 2) (B) No value of x (C) (0, ∞) (D) (– ∞, 0) ∫ p ( x ) dx equals. (2010)

Then which one of the following is true? (2008) 4

π /2 = 15a + 6b = 39 ….. (iii)