Wignebi

E N G L I S H F I L E T H I R D E D I T I O N U P P E R - I N T E R M E D I AT E i T U T O R
Wordlist
File 1
Useful words and phrases
absent-minded adj /ˌæbsənt ˈmaɪndɪd/ She’s so absent-minded – she’s always forgetting things.
approach n /əˈprəʊtʃ/ The new approach to selecting candidates comes from Silicon Valley.
arrogant adj /ˈærəɡənt/ People who sign their names in capital letters are often arrogant.
bizarre adj /bɪˈzɑː(r)/ They asked some bizarre questions in the job interview.
candidate n /ˈkændɪdət/ He wasn’t impressed with the first candidate he interviewed.
coincide v /ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd/ Do any of the interpretations coincide with what you already thought?
context n /ˈkɒntekst/ Can you work out the meaning of this word from the context of the sentence?
cruel adj /ˈkruːəl/ Some interviewers can be extremely cruel to jobseekers.
deadly adv /ˈdedli/ This problem is deadly serious.
demanding adj /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/ It was a very demanding job interview process.
despise v /dɪˈspaɪz/ Which living person do you most despise, and why?
destroy v /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ A bad interview can destroy someone’s confidence.
drag v /dræɡ/ If you drag that chair across the floor it will make a loud noise.
easy-going adj /ˌiːzi ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ My husband is really easy-going and calm.
essentially adv /ɪˈsenʃəli/ Essentially, we use this interview technique to find people who can handle stress.
estate agent n /ɪsˈteɪt ˌeɪdʒənt/ The estate agent showed us around the house.
extreme adj /ɪkˈstriːm/ Bungee jumping is an extreme sport – not everyone would enjoy it.
good-tempered adj /ˌɡʊd ˈtempəd/ My mum is very good-tempered.
horizontal adj /ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl/ He writes his signature in a straight line – it’s horizontal.
I wonder /aɪ ˈwʌndə(r)/ I wonder why he didn’t come to the party.
intonation n /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃn/ Use friendly intonation when you speak to new people.
laid-back adj /ˌleɪd ˈbæk/ I’m really laid-back – nothing bothers me usually.
legible adj /ˈledʒəbl/ Your signature is pretty legible.
narrow-minded adj /ˌnærəʊ ˈmaɪndɪd/ The people who live in this street are really judgemental and narrow-minded.
odd adj /ɒd/ Your neighbour looks really odd.
open-minded adj /ˌəʊpən ˈmaɪndɪd/ Psychotherapists need to be open-minded.
pretty adv /ˈprɪti/ My sister is pretty bad-tempered.
rather adv /ˈrɑːðə(r)/ My brother is rather lazy.
react v /riˈækt/ React to your partner’s answers.
recruitment agency n /rɪˈkruːtmənt He works for a recruitment agency as a headhunter.
ˌeɪdʒənsi/
rub v /rʌb/ You should rub some cream into your wasp sting.
specialist adj /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ He works for a specialist company that makes luxury chocolates.
stable adj /ˈsteɪbl/ Are you an emotionally stable person?
star v /stɑː(r)/ He has starred in many successful films.
strange adj /streɪndʒ/ Passengers near the wings heard strange noises coming from the engines.
terraced adj /ˈterəst/ Our house is the middle one of three terraced houses.
vegan n /ˈviːɡən/ A vegan doesn’t eat meat, fish, or any animal products.
wasp n /wɒsp/ I was stung by a wasp in a market when I was six.
weird adj /wɪəd/ It’s really weird that there’s no one at home at this time of day.
well-balanced adj /ˌwel ˈbælənst/ She’s really well-balanced so she deals with problems easily.
English File third edition Upper-intermediate Printable © Oxford University Press 2014 1
More words in File 1
astrology n /əˈstrɒlədʒi/ Astrology involves analysing the position of the sun, moon, and stars when someone
is born.
backyard n /ˌbækˈjɑːd/ There’s a vegetable garden in our backyard.
big-headed adj /ˌbɪɡ ˈhedɪd/ My sister is so big-headed – she’s always telling us how brilliant she is!
box set n /bɒks set/ I’ve got a box set of Mad Men series 1.
car-jacking n /ˈkɑːdʒækɪŋ/ Car-jacking is a common crime in this country.
cheesy adj /ˈtʃiːzi/ If something is cheesy it is emotional or romantic in an embarrassing way.
clairvoyant n /kleəˈvɔɪənt/ My great-aunt was a clairvoyant and could predict the future.
crush v /krʌʃ/ We’re not trying to crush candidates with the interview process.
dinosaur n /ˈdaɪnəsɔː(r)/ Tyrannosaurus rex was the fiercest dinosaur.
disheartened adj /dɪsˈhɑːtnd/ Don’t get disheartened if you fail your driving test the first time.
Emmy n /ˈemi/ She won an Emmy Award for her role in Mad Men.
evolve v /iˈvɒlv/ As time goes on you will evolve as a person.
expand v /ɪkˈspænd/ Expand your notes into full sentences.
faith healer n /ˈfeɪθ ˌhiːlə(r)/ She visited a faith healer to try and help her with her problems.
flap v /flæp/ Flap your arms and you will look like a chicken.
flustered adj /ˈflʌstəd/ He does well in interviews because he’s not easily flustered.
fortune telling n /ˈfɔːtʃuːn ˌtelɪŋ/ I don’t believe in fortune telling.
go clubbing v /ɡəʊ ˈklʌbɪŋ/ I love to go clubbing with my friends till the early morning.
graphology n /ɡræˈfɒlədʒi/ Graphology is when you analyse someone’s personality based on their handwriting.
headhunter n /ˈhedhʌntə(r)/ A headhunter finds people with the necessary skills to work for a company.
interpret v /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ Can you interpret someone’s personality from their signature?
jasmine n /ˈdʒæzmɪn/ I grew up in Los Angeles, in the hills, and there was always jasmine growing.
merely adv /ˈmɪəli/ We need to separate the brilliant candidates from the merely very good.
mystified adj /ˈmɪstɪfaɪd/ He was mystified by the strange noises.
overuse v /ˌəʊvəˈjuːz/ Which words or phrases do you most overuse?
paranormal n /ˌpærəˈnɔːml/ What connection do the photos have with the paranormal?
psychic adj /ˈsaɪkɪk/ Use your psychic instinct to predict the future.
self-centred adj /ˌself ˈsentəd/ She always thinks about herself – she’s so self-centred.
signature n /ˈsɪɡnətʃə(r)/ What does your signature say about you?
Silicon Valley n /ˌsɪlɪkən ˈvæli/ Silicon Valley in California is where many of the top technology corporations
are based.
spooky adj /ˈspuːki/ I dreamt I saw a ghost last night – it was a really spooky dream.
strong-willed adj /ˌstrɒŋ ˈwɪld/ My son is strong-willed so it’s difficult to stop him doing what he wants.
tight-fisted adj /ˌtaɪt ˈfɪstɪd/ My aunt is really tight-fisted – she never buys Christmas presents.
two-faced adj /ˌtuː ˈfeɪst/ My boss is so two-faced – he says one thing to me and another behind my back.
UFO n /ˌjuː ef ˈəʊ/ I don’t believe you really saw a UFO.
whip n /wɪp/ He was carrying a whip in one hand.
wings n pl /wɪŋz/ The bird flapped its wings and flew through the air.
File 2
Vocabulary Banks
ILLNESSES AND INJURIES
(high / low) blood /ˈblʌd ˌpreʃə(r)/ My grandmother has high blood pressure and takes medication for it.
pressure n
ache n /eɪk/ It’s common to have an ache in your side if you have a kidney stone.
allergic reaction n /əˌlɜːdʒɪk riˈækʃn/ I had an allergic reaction to the medicine I was given.
antibiotic n /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/ The doctor gave me antibiotics for my ear infection.
antihistamine n /ˌæntiˈhɪstəmiːn/ If you have an allergic reaction you should take an antihistamine.
antiseptic cream n /ˌæntiˈseptɪk kriːm/ She cleaned the cut with antiseptic cream.
be sick v /bi ˈsɪk/ I feel terrible – I think I’m going to be sick.
bleed v /bliːd/ A cut finger can sometimes bleed for a long time.
blister n /ˈblɪstə(r)/ You will get a blister if you wear shoes that are too tight.
burn v /bɜːn/ Don’t touch that pan – it will burn you.
choke v /tʃəʊk/ Be careful not to choke on that boiled sweet.
cold n /kəʊld/ I get at least one cold every winter.
come round v /kʌm ˈraʊnd/ If you pour cold water on his face he might come round.
cough n /kɒf/ He has a nasty cough that keeps him awake at night.
cut v /kʌt/ I cut my finger when I was chopping carrots.
diarrhoea n /daɪəˈrɪə/ I had diarrhoea last night and had to go to the toilet six times.
dizzy adj /ˈdɪzi/ If I don’t eat enough I feel dizzy.
earache n /ˈɪəreɪk/ I have an earache and it’s really painful.
faint v /feɪnt/ I faint when I see blood.
flu n /fluː/ My teacher has flu and hasn’t been at school all week.
food poisoning n /ˈfuːd ˌpɔɪzənɪŋ/ I ate some mussels and they gave me food poisoning.
get over v /ɡet ˈəʊvə(r)/ It often takes a long time to get over flu.
headache n /ˈhedeɪk/ If you have a headache, take some paracetamol.
hurt v /hɜːt/ Does your back hurt after driving so long?
ice n /aɪs/ Put ice on a black eye to keep the swelling down.
infection n /ɪnˈfekʃn/ If you get an infection you will need to take antibiotics.
lie down v /laɪ ˈdaʊn/ Please lie down on the couch.
lose consciousness v /luːz ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/ Call an ambulance – I think he’s going to lose consciousness.
painkiller n /ˈpeɪnkɪlə(r)/ After the operation you will need to take painkillers for a few days.
pass out v /pɑːs ˈaʊt/ I’m so tired I think I’m going to pass out.
plaster n /ˈplɑːstə(r)/ My mum put a plaster on my cut.
rash n /ræʃ/ One of the symptoms of measles is a red rash.
recover v /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/ How long does it normally take to recover from flu?
sneeze v /sniːz/ Cat hair makes me sneeze.
sore throat n /sɔ ˈθrəʊt/ I can’t talk too long because I have a sore throat.
spill v /spɪl/ Be careful with that medicine – don’t spill it.
spin v /spɪn/ I saw the room spin and then I fainted.
sprain v /spreɪn/ I don’t play tennis because I’m afraid I might sprain my wrist.
stitches n pl /ˈstɪtʃɪz/ I needed stitches for the cut on my head.
stomach ache n /ˈstʌmək eɪk/ I’ve eaten too much and now I’ve got stomach ache.
sunburn n /ˈsʌnbɜːn/ Peter has very bad sunburn.
swallow v /ˈswɒləʊ/ Does it hurt when you swallow food?
swell v /swel/ This bee sting is starting to swell.
tablet n /ˈtæblət/ Take one tablet before you go to sleep.
temperature n /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/ I’ve got a high temperature and I feel feverish.
throw up v /θrəʊ ˈʌp/ A few minutes after drinking the liquid I had to run to the bathroom and throw up.
toothache n /ˈtuːθeɪk/ If you have toothache you should go to see the dentist.
twist v /twɪst/ Watch out for that hole in the ground – you don’t want to twist your ankle.
unconscious adj /ʌnˈkɒnʃəs/ She was unconscious so I phoned an ambulance.
vomit v /ˈvɒmɪt/ Some people vomit when they travel by boat in rough seas.
CLOTHES
checked adj /tʃekt/ I wore a checked shirt to the party.
cotton vest n /ˌkɒtn ˈvest/ I always wear a cotton vest under my clothes in winter.
denim rucksack n /ˌdenɪm ˈrʌksæk/ I take my things to school in a denim rucksack.
dress up v /dres ˈʌp/ I’m going to dress up tonight.
fashion victim n /ˈfæʃn ˌvɪktɪm/ She’s a real fashion victim.
fashionable adj /ˈfæʃnəbl/ Long skirts are really fashionable this summer.
fashion-conscious adj /ˈfæʃn ˌkɒnʃəs/ Most teenagers are really fashion-conscious.
fit v /fɪt/ These jeans don’t fit me.
fur collar n /fɜː ˈkɒlə(r)/ I love that coat with the fur collar.
get changed v /ɡet ˈtʃeɪndʒd/ I need to get changed.
get dressed v /ɡet ˈdrest/ Get up and get dressed.
get undressed v /ɡet ʌnˈdrest/ Hurry up and get undressed!
go out of fashion /ɡəʊ aʊt əv ˈfæʃn/ That style of skirt will go out of fashion really quickly.
go with v /ˈɡəʊ wɪð/ I don’t think that skirt will go with this top.
hang up v /hæŋ ˈʌp/ Please hang up your coat.
hooded adj /ˈhʊdɪd/ Lots of teenagers like to wear hooded tops.
in (fashion) /ɪn (ˈfæʃn)/ Skinny jeans are really in fashion this season.
lace top n /leɪs ˈtɒp/ I wore a black lace top on our first date.
leather sandals n pl /ˌleðə ˈsændlz/ He wore brown leather sandals every day on his holiday.
linen suit n /ˌlɪnɪn ˈsuːt/ He wore a beige linen suit at the wedding.
long sleeved adj /lɒŋ ˈsliːvd/ I wore a blue long sleeved shirt.
loose adj /luːs/ He was wearing a loose linen suit.
lycra swimsuit n /ˌlaɪkrə ˈswɪmsuːt/ I bought myself a new lycra swimsuit.
match v /mætʃ/ Does this bag match my shoes?
old-fashioned adj /əʊld ˈfæʃənd/ My grandfather always wears really old-fashioned clothes.
patterned adj /ˈpætənd/ She wore a patterned skirt with flowers on.
plain adj /pleɪn/ I tried on a plain blue top.
scruffy adj /ˈskrʌfi/ My teenage brother always looks really scruffy and dirty.
silk scarf n /sɪlk ˈskɑːf/ That’s a beautiful silk scarf.
sleeveless adj /ˈsliːvləs/ I wore a sleeveless dress to the wedding.
smart adj /smɑːt/ You need to look smart when we go out for dinner tonight.
spotted adj /ˈspɒtɪd/ She wore a pink and white spotted dress to the party.
striped adj /straɪpt/ I wore a blue and white striped T-shirt on the beach.
style n /staɪl/ Good dressers have their own style.
stylish adj /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ That’s a really stylish dress.
suede boots n pl /sweɪd ˈbuːts/ I bought myself some lovely brown suede boots.
suit v /suːt/ Those glasses really suit you.
tight adj /taɪt/ She was wearing a tight lycra skirt.
trendy adj /ˈtrendi/ She always looks really trendy.
velvet bow n /ˌvelvɪt ˈbəʊ/ There is a velvet bow at the back of this dress.
V-neck adj /ˈviː nek/ He always wears a V-neck jumper over his shirts.
wool(len) cardigan n /ˌwʊl(ən) ˈkɑːdɪɡən/ My nan knitted me a blue woollen cardigan.

allow v /əˈlaʊ/ They won’t allow you to visit the hospital until the evening.
alternative remedy n /ɔːlˌtɜːnətɪv ˈremədi/ I used an alternative remedy – a herbal barrier cream – to cure my hayfever.
ambulance n /ˈæmbjələns/ An ambulance arrived to take the injured people to hospital.
aspirin n /ˈæsprɪn/ I take an aspirin when I have a headache.
bacteria n /bækˈtɪəriə/ Lots of illnesses are caused by bacteria.
blind adj /blaɪnd/ My grandfather is blind now so he uses a white stick.
blood test n /ˈblʌd test/ The doctor sent me for a blood test at the hospital.
break down v /breɪk ˈdaʊn/ I might break down and cry if you ask me about when my grandma died.
cholesterol n /kəˈlestərɒl/ The doctor did a test to find out my cholesterol level.
contact lenses n pl /ˈkɒntækt ˌlenzɪz/ I don’t like wearing glasses so I wear contact lenses.
damage v /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ You’ll damage your teeth if you try to open that bottle with them.
deaf adj /def/ Lots of old people become deaf.
deal with v /ˈdiːl wɪð/ Could you deal with the problems of old age?
diagnosis n /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ The doctor gave me the wrong diagnosis.
false teeth n pl /fɔːls ˈtiːθ/ My grandmother wears false teeth.
first aid n /fɜːst ˈeɪd/ Have you ever had to give first aid to anyone?
go through v /ˈgəʊ θrːu/ Teenagers often go through a lot of difficult times.
grey wig n /ɡreɪ ˈwɪɡ/ I wore a grey wig to make myself look older.
heart rate n /ˈhɑːt reɪt/ She told me that my heart rate was a bit fast.
hidden adj /ˈhɪdn/ Hidden cameras recorded how other people reacted to them.
injection n /ɪnˈdʒekʃn/ I had an injection to take the pain away.
life-threatening adj /ˈlaɪf ˌθretnɪŋ/ I convinced myself that I had a life-threatening illness.
medical adj /ˈmedɪkl/ Would you know what to do in a medical emergency?
medicine n /ˈmedsn/ You haven’t taken your medicine yet.
miracle cure n /ˈmɪrəkl kjʊə(r)/ Some homeopathic remedies claim to be a miracle cure.
mouth ulcer n /ˈmaʊθ ˌʌlsə(r)/ I have a painful mouth ulcer on the end of my tongue.
operation n /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ Have you ever had an operation?
paracetamol n /ˌpærəˈsiːtəmɒl/ I took some paracetamol to get rid of my headache.
pulse n /pʌls/ Since my trip to hospital I’ve been obsessively checking my pulse.
recommend v /ˌrekəˈmend/ What kinds of websites does she recommend?
role n /rəʊl/ Playing the role of an old person made me feel emotional.
surgery n /ˈsɜːdʒəri/ I was told that I needed heart surgery.
symptom n /ˈsɪmptəm/ Fever is one symptom of flu.
treat v /triːt/ What’s the best way to treat a nosebleed?
typical adj /ˈtɪpɪkl/ A typical image of an old person is someone with a walking stick waiting at a bus stop.
under the weather /ˌʌndə ðə ˈweðə(r)/ A few weeks ago I was feeling under the weather.
virus n /ˈvaɪrəs/ Colds are caused by a virus.
wound n /wuːnd/ Wash the wound under running water.
wrinkled adj /ˈrɪŋkld/ That old lady has really wrinkled skin.
X-ray n /ˈeks reɪ/ He had an X-ray to see if he had broken his leg.

A&E (Accident and /eɪ ən ˈiː/ They sent me to A&E for some tests.
Emergency) n
actually adv /ˈæktʃuəli/ So-called ‘miracle cures’ may actually do you harm.
adventurous adj /ədˈventʃərəs/ My mum is really adventurous and is always going on holiday to strange places.
apart from /əˈpɑːt frəm/ Apart from the symptoms you described, do you feel well?
assume v /əˈsjuːm/ Many people assume that what they read on the internet is fact.
ban v /bæn/ Do you think they will ban fur coats?
blazer n /ˈbleɪzə(r)/ He always wears a blazer over his shirt.
chinos n pl /ˈtʃiːnəʊz/ Those blue chinos look great on you.
cloth n /klɒθ/ Use a piece of clean cloth as a bandage.
clumsy adj /ˈklʌmzi/ I’m so clumsy – I’m always breaking things.
confession n /kənˈfeʃn/ I have a confession to make – I’ve lost the handbag you gave me.
conform v /kənˈfɔːm/ Do you know people in that age group who don’t conform to stereotypes?
consolation n /ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃn/ The only consolation for this condition is that I’m in good company.
cover v /ˈkʌvə(r)/ Cover the wound with a clean bandage.
create v /kriˈeɪt/ Did you create this report using information from the internet?
cyberchondriac n /ˌsaɪbəˈkɒndrɪæk/ A cyberchondriac researches symptoms online.
develop v /dɪˈveləp/ Wait for a few days and see how your symptoms develop.
discriminate v /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/ The online information often doesn’t discriminate between common and very rare
conditions.
documentary n /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/ She appeared in a TV documentary about old people.
Dutch adj /dʌtʃ/ I had a wonderful Dutch cheese when I was in Amsterdam.
ECG machine n /iː siː ˈdʒiː məˌʃiːn/ What if the ECG machine was faulty?
elderly adj /ˈeldəli/ Elderly people often feel lonely.
exist v /ɪɡˈzɪst/ Does that condition really exist?
fare n /feə(r)/ He tried to pay his bus fare with a £20 note.
GP (general practitioner) n /dʒiː ˈpiː/ After days of intensive internet diagnosis, I finally went to see my GP.
harm n /hɑːm/ Some medicines bought online may do you harm.
herbal adj /ˈhɜːbl/ He’s a strong believer in herbal medicine.
hypochondriac n /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndriæk/ My uncle always thinks he’s ill – he’s such a hypochondriac.
ignorant adj /ˈɪɡnərənt/ It made me realise how ignorant I was.
ignore v /ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/ I’m going to ignore you because you are annoying me.
impossible adj /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/ It’s impossible to cure this illness.
involve v /ɪnˈvɒlv/ Will the treatment involve an operation?
lean v /liːn/ Should I lean my head forwards or backwards if I have a nosebleed?
monitor n /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ I’m going to buy a heart rate monitor.
painful adj /ˈpeɪnfl/ This blister is really painful.
pensioner n /ˈpenʃənə(r)/ One of my new friends is a pensioner.
piercing n /ˈpɪəsɪŋ/ She has a piercing in her eyebrow.
pinch v /pɪntʃ/ Pinch the soft part of the nose.
plastic adj /ˈplæstɪk/ If you haven’t got a bandage you can use a clean plastic bag.
preparation n /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/ The physical preparation for the role was very uncomfortable.
press v /pres/ Press on the wound to stop the bleeding.
rare adj /reə(r)/ He’s suffering from a very rare condition that is hard to treat.
refer v /rɪˈfɜː(r)/ Do the first answers that come up on an internet search refer to the most common
causes of a symptom?
related adj /rɪˈleɪtɪd/ A lot of website searches are related to health.
remove v /rɪˈmuːv/ Once something has been put up on the internet it’s difficult to remove.
residential adj /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ My grandfather now lives in a residential home.
reveal v /rɪˈviːl/ This study could reveal a serious problem.
scare story n /ˈskeə ˌstɔːri/ Do you believe every scare story you read?
scenario n /səˈnɑːriəʊ/ What’s the worst-case scenario?
software n /ˈsɒftweə(r)/ My brother has just started a new job with a software company.
streaked adj /striːkt/ I think blue streaked hair looks great at any age.
sufficiently adv /səˈfɪʃntli/ Society doesn’t sufficiently value the wisdom that elderly people have.
support v /səˈpɔːt/ Put something under your leg to support it.
Swedish adj /ˈswiːdɪʃ/ The man was walking along the road with a tall, blonde Swedish woman.
synthetic adj /sɪnˈθetɪk/ They were given synthetic wrinkled skin.
tattoo n /təˈtuː/ I have a tattoo on my ankle.
technical adj /ˈteknɪkl/ What’s the technical term for a fast heart rate?
trade v /treɪd/ Would you like to trade places with an old person for a day?
trick v /trɪk/ I’m going to trick you into thinking I’m an old man.
tumour n /ˈtjuːmə(r)/ A brain tumour develops in fewer than one in 50,000 people.
unenthusiastic adj /ʌnɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ He was really unenthusiastic about going to the theatre.
user n /ˈjuːzə(r)/ Are you a frequent user of the internet?
vain adj /veɪn/ Fashion-conscious people are usually vain and selfish.
vulnerable adj /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ Old people living on their own can feel quite vulnerable.
wine n /waɪn/ This wine should improve with age.
wise adj /waɪz/ My grandfather is a wise man and gives really good advice.
File 3
Vocabulary Banks
AIR TRAVEL
airport terminal n /ˌeəpɔːt ˈtɜːmɪnl/ The taxi dropped us off at the airport terminal.
aisle n /aɪl/ The cabin crew started to run up and down the aisle.
baggage drop off n /ˌbæɡɪdʒ ˈdrɒp ɒf/ Please take that bag to baggage drop off.
baggage reclaim n /ˈbæɡɪdʒ rɪˌkleɪm/ You need to go to baggage reclaim.
boarding pass n /ˈbɔːdɪŋ pɑːs/ Please show your boarding pass to the steward.
cabin crew n /ˈkæbɪn kruː/ Can you call one of the cabin crew to help me with my hand luggage?
check in v /tʃek ˈɪn/ You need to check in when you arrive at the airport.
check-in desk n /ˈtʃek ɪn desk/ Please go immediately to the check-in desk.
collect v /kəˈlekt/ Please collect your luggage on arrival.
connecting flight n /kəˈnektɪŋ flaɪt/ When I get to Frankfurt I need to get a connecting flight to Berlin.
customs n /ˈkʌstəmz/ Show your passport at customs.
departures board n /dɪˈpɑːtʃəz bɔːd/ We looked at the departures board to find out about our flight.
direct flight n /dəˈrekt flaɪt/ Is there a direct flight from London to Bangkok?
domestic adj /dəˈmestɪk/ The domestic flight flew from London to Manchester.
drop off v /drɒp ˈɒf/ Can your mum drop us off at the airport tomorrow morning?
fill in v /fɪl ˈɪn/ Please fill in this immigration form before landing.
gate n /ɡeɪt/ How long will it take to walk to our gate?
get off v /ɡet ˈɒf/ I’m always happy to get off the plane at the end of a flight.
get on v /ɡet ˈɒn/ When I get on the plane I always look for the emergency exits.
hand luggage n /ˈhænd ˌlʌɡɪdʒ/ You shouldn’t have sharp items in your hand luggage.
international adj /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ My job involves a lot of international travel.
jet lag n /ˈdʒet læɡ/ My jet lag after the flight was worse than usual.
land v /lænd/ That plane will land in five minutes.
liquid n /ˈlɪkwɪd/ If you want to take a liquid through security, the volume must be less than 100 ml.
long-haul flight n /ˈlɒŋ hɔːl flaɪt/ Have you ever been on a long-haul flight?
object n /ˈɒbdʒekt/ We took a sharp object from that lady’s hand luggage.
pick up v /pɪk ˈʌp/ Where can we pick up our luggage?
prohibited adj /prəˈhɪbɪtɪd/ This penknife is a prohibited item.
runway n /ˈrʌnweɪ/ The plane taxied along the runway.
scan v /skæn/ They will scan your luggage at security.
seat belt n /ˈsiːt belt/ Put on your seat belt, please.
security n /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ They opened my bag at security.
sharp adj /ʃɑːp/ This knife is a sharp object so I’m afraid you can’t take it through security.
take off v /teɪk ˈɒf/ We have to wait for another plane to leave the runway before we can take off.
trip n /trɪp/ Have you ever arrived home from a trip and had a surprise?
turbulence n /ˈtɜːbjələns/ Is turbulence really dangerous?
VIP lounge n /viː aɪ ˈpiː laʊndʒ/ We waited in the VIP lounge.
Adverbs and adverbial phrases

actually adv /ˈæktʃuəli/ I thought he was lazy, but actually he works really hard.
anyway adv /ˈeniweɪ/ It’s good that I was made redundant because I wanted to leave the company anyway.
apparently adv /əˈpærəntli/ Apparently this house is worth £200,000!
at the end adv /ət ði ˈend/ At the end of the concert we all clapped.
at the moment /ət ðə ˈməʊmənt/ What are you reading at the moment?
basically adv /ˈbeɪsɪkli/ Basically we don’t have enough money to move.
especially adv /ɪˈspeʃəli/ I love ice-cream, especially vanilla-flavoured.
even adv /ˈiːvn/ He always wears the latest fashions even if they don’t suit him.
eventually adv /ɪˈventʃuəli/ It took a long time, but eventually we had enough money to buy a house.
ever adv /ˈevə(r)/ Have you ever been to Italy?
gradually adv /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ Mark gradually began to realize that Lucy didn’t love him anymore.
hard adv /hɑːd/ How hard does your father work?
hardly adv /ˈhɑːdli/ It’s so foggy, I can hardly see anything.
ideally adv /aɪˈdiːəli/ Ideally we’d like to live near the sea, but it’s not practical.
in fact adv /ɪn ˈfækt/ The woman thought they were friends, but in fact they hated each other.
in the end adv /ɪn ði ˈend/ I thought the job would be boring, but in the end I loved it.
late adv /leɪt/ The plane was late because of bad weather.
lately adv /ˈleɪtli/ I haven’t heard from Mike lately.
near adv /nɪə(r)/ Is there a bank near here?
nearly adv /ˈnɪəli/ I’ve nearly finished my book.
obviously adv /ˈɒbviəsli/ She’s been promoted so obviously she’ll get a pay rise.
specially adv /ˈspeʃəli/ I wrote a specially commissioned report for the government.
still adv /stɪl/ He’s 35, but he still lives with his parents.
yet adv /jet/ Have you found a job yet?
aim v /eɪm/ Don’t aim that gun at me!
anonymous adj /əˈnɒnɪməs/ The book is co-written by anonymous airline staff whose identities must
remain secret.
approve v /əˈpruːv/ Do you approve of your son going out to nightclubs?
bitterly adv /ˈbɪtəli/ They had been arguing bitterly the night before.
brave adj /breɪv/ The brave pilot landed the plane on the river.
comic n /ˈkɒmɪk/ Can you buy a comic for my little nephew?
contribute v /kənˈtrɪbjuːt, Fiftywordstories.com is a website to which people from all over the world contribute
ˈkɒntrɪbjuːt/ fifty-word stories in English.
control v /kənˈtrəʊl/ You need to control the amount of food you eat if you want to lose weight.
corner v /ˈkɔːnə(r)/ Did the thieves corner you before stealing your money?
difference n /ˈdɪfrəns/ Will a small yellow life jacket with a whistle make any difference if the plane crashes
into the sea?
disappear v /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ I was so embarrassed that I wanted to disappear.
error n /ˈerə(r)/ A pre-recorded emergency announcement was activated in error on our flight from
Miami to Heathrow.
exit n /ˈeɡzɪt, ˈeksɪt/ They pushed towards the emergency exit.
explode v /ɪkˈspləʊd/ I think the engine is going to explode!
fasten v /ˈfɑːsn/ Fasten your seat belts, please.
fear v /fɪə(r)/ Do you fear the worst when you feel turbulence on a plane?
fiction n /ˈfɪkʃn/ Do you prefer to read fiction or non-fiction?
frequently adv /ˈfriːkwəntli/ Buses run frequently from here into town.
generation n /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ The older generation doesn’t understand us.
grab v /ɡræb/ I saw him grab that lady’s bag.
hold v /həʊld/ Hold my hand – I’m scared!
industry n /ˈɪndəstri/ Another miracle, courtesy of the airline industry!
inflate v /ɪnˈfleɪt/ Don’t inflate your life jacket too early.
instruction n /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ He will give you an instruction and you must follow it.
journal n /ˈdʒɜːnl/ I wrote an article for an academic journal.
keep v /kiːp/ It was nearly 4 a.m. and she could hardly keep her eyes open.
life jacket n /ˈlaɪf ˌdʒækɪt/ They tell you how to put your life jacket on.
pack v /pæk/ You’ve been sacked so you need to pack your things.
quality n /ˈkwɒləti/ The quality of the food in this restaurant is pretty low.
report v /rɪˈpɔːt/ She went to the police to report that someone had stolen her bag.
request v /rɪˈkwest/ Some of the people who request wheelchairs often don’t need them.
sound v /saʊnd/ Does it sound as if the plane’s going to crash?
straight away adv /ˌstreɪtəˈweɪ/ I’ll let you know straight away.
such predet /sʌtʃ/ There is often such a strong smell of roast bird that passengers on the plane think that
chicken is being cooked.
suddenly adv /ˈsʌdənli/ We suddenly realized that we had left one of the suitcases in the taxi.
textbook n /ˈtekstbʊk/ I can’t find my maths textbook anywhere!
the press n /ðə ˈpres/ She was written about in the press.
true adj /truː/ The story can either be true or invented.
unable adj /ʌnˈeɪbl/ They were unable to escape the rising water inside the plane.
wheelchair n /ˈwiːltʃeə(r)/ Why do some airport staff get annoyed with people who ask for a wheelchair?

activate v /ˈæktɪveɪt/ A pre-recorded emergency announcement was activated in error on our flight
from Miami.
audio n /ˈɔːdiəʊ/ I like to listen to stories on audio in the car.
bend v /bend/ She watched him bend iron.
bush n /bʊʃ/ There was a bush between her and her car.
cliff n /klɪf/ Don’t walk too close to the edge of the cliff.
confrontation n /ˌkɒnfrʌnˈteɪʃn/ He prepared himself for confrontation as the door opened.
courtesy n /ˈkɜːtəsi/ Another miracle, courtesy of the airline industry!
dislike v /dɪsˈlaɪk/ I really dislike her.
escape v /ɪˈskeɪp/ They were unable to escape the rising water inside the plane.
fairly adv /ˈfeəli/ It was fairly busy in the town centre.
family-run adj /ˈfæməli rʌn/ It was a small family-run company.
ferry n /ˈferi/ We took the ferry from England to France.
frantic adj /ˈfræntɪk/ I’ve been frantic – you’re late again!
guard n /ɡɑːd/ Don’t let your guard down.
gun n /ɡʌn/ I want you to teach me how to shoot a gun.
hooligan n /ˈhuːlɪɡən/ My cousin is a football hooligan.
impact n /ˈɪmpækt/ This is the captain, brace for impact.
intake n /ˈɪnteɪk/ You need to control your intake of calories.
just on time /dʒʌst ɒn ˈtaɪm/ I got to my appointment just on time.
laughable adj /ˈlɑːfəbl/ Most airline passengers think it is laughable that a small yellow life jacket will make
any difference if the plane crashes.
loudspeaker n /ˌlaʊdˈspiːkə(r)/ A voice came out of the loudspeaker.
movie-goer n /ˈmuːvi ˌɡəʊə(r)/ The shops were closed when the movie-goers came out into the street.
nerves n /nɜːvz/ Do you suffer from nerves when you’re in an exam?
parking lot n /ˈpɑːkɪŋ lɒt/ We left our car in the parking lot.
porter n /ˈpɔːtə(r)/ We had so much luggage we had to ask for a porter.
Portuguese adj /ˌpɔːtʃuˈɡiːz/ I thought Paolo was Portuguese, but actually he’s Brazilian.
process n /ˈprəʊses/ It’s all part of the process.
protect v /prəˈtekt/ Stan had been telling her to learn how to protect herself.
pudding n /ˈpʊdɪŋ/ What are you going to have for pudding?
purse n /pɜːs/ One minute I had fifty dollars in my purse and then I had nothing.
revenge n /rɪˈvendʒ/ Revenge is sweet.
set out to do (something) /ˈset aʊt tə duː They wouldn’t stop until they had done what they had set out to do.
(ˌsʌmθɪŋ)/
shadowed adj /ˈʃædəʊd/ She examined the look on his shadowed face.
shooting range n /ˈʃuːtɪŋ reɪndʒ/ Take me to a shooting range so I can practise.
shortage n /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ There’s a shortage of wheelchairs.
specifically adv /spəˈsɪfɪkli/ Do you read anything specifically to improve your English?
stab v /stæb/ I’m scared someone is going to stab me in this pub.
suitcase n /ˈsuːtkeɪs/ This suitcase is really heavy.
tourist n /ˈtɔːrɪst/ He’s wearing socks and sandals so he must be a tourist.
traumatic adj /trɔːˈmætɪk/ It was a very traumatic experience.
trigger n /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ He pulled the trigger on the gun.
upgrade v /ʌpˈɡreɪd/ We’d like to upgrade you to first class.
witch n /wɪtʃ/ Watch out – the old witch is here!
File 4
Vocabulary Banks
WEATHER
below zero /bɪˌləʊ ˈzɪərəʊ/ The temperature is below zero. It’s minus five.
blizzard n /ˈblɪzəd/ A blizzard is a snow storm with very strong winds.
boiling adj /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ It’s too hot today. It’s boiling.
breeze n /briːz/ The breeze is really cooling me down.
bright adj /braɪt/ The bright sunshine lit up the mountain.
changeable adj /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/ The weather is very changeable in the UK.
chilly adj /ˈtʃɪli/ It’s a bit chilly in here. Shall I put the heating on?
clear adj /klɪə(r)/ On a clear day you can see for miles.
cool adj /kuːl/ It’s a bit cool for this time of year. It’s normally hotter.
damp adj /dæmp/ The clothes are damp. There must have been a bit of rain last night.
drizzle n /ˈdrɪzl/ It’s only raining a little bit. Just a light drizzle.
drought n /draʊt/ A drought is a long, dry period when there is little or no rain.
flash n /flæʃ/ The flash of lightning could be seen for miles.
flood n /flʌd/ A flood is when everything becomes covered with water.
forecast n /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ The forecast next week is for snow.
freezing adj /ˈfriːzɪŋ/ It’s freezing! I’ll have to scrape the ice from my car.
get soaked v /ɡet ˈsəʊkt/ It poured with rain and I didn’t have an umbrella. I got soaked.
hail n /heɪl/ Hail is small balls of ice that fall like rain.
heatwave n /ˈhiːtweɪv/ A heatwave is a period of unusually hot weather.
heavy adj /ˈhevi/ The rain was so heavy I had to stop driving.
hill n /hɪl/ The snow will be much heavier in the hills.
humid adj /ˈhjuːmɪd/ It’s hot and there’s a lot of moisture in the air. It feels humid.
hurricane n /ˈhʌrɪkən/ A hurricane is a violent coastal storm with very strong winds.
icy adj /ˈaɪsi/ I fell over on the icy path.
lightning n /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ Lightning is a flash of very bright light in the sky caused by electricity.
melt v /melt/ The snow is starting to melt. It will all be gone in the morning.
midday n /ˌmɪdˈdeɪ/ Rain will move into the area from midday.
mild adj /maɪld/ It’s quite mild by September. The summer heat has gone.
mist n /mɪst/ The mist from the sea was so thick I couldn’t see anything.
moisture n /ˈmɔɪstʃə(r)/ It’s hot and there’s a lot of moisture in the air. It feels humid.
monsoon n /mɒnˈsuːn/ A monsoon is the season when it rains a lot in southern Asia.
occasional adj /əˈkeɪʒənl/ It will be mostly sunny with occasional periods of rain.
occur v /əˈkɜː(r)/ How often do these hot periods occur?
pavement n /ˈpeɪvmənt/ I wish you wouldn’t cycle on the pavement.
period n /ˈpɪəriəd/ It’s been a really wet period this summer. How many weeks is it now?
pleasant adj /ˈpleznt/ It’s quite pleasant. You won’t need a jumper.
pouring (with rain) v /ˈpɔːrɪŋ (wɪð reɪn)/ When we arrived in New York it was pouring with rain.
scorching adj /ˈskɔːtʃɪŋ/ It’s scorching! I need to go inside to cool down.
settled adj /ˈsetld/ After a period of changeable weather it became much more settled.
shade n /ʃeɪd/ Don’t get sunburnt. Come and sit in the shade.
shiver v /ˈʃɪvə(r)/ You’re shivering. Do you want to borrow my jacket?
shower n /ˈʃaʊə(r)/ Let’s wait a minute to see if it’s just a short shower.
slippery adj /ˈslɪpəri/ Be careful! The pavement’s very slippery.
smog n /smɒɡ/ Los Angeles is famous for its thick smog.
strong adj /strɒŋ/ The strong wind blew over many trees.
sunburnt adj /ˈsʌnbɜːnt/ I wear suncream on hot days so I don’t get sunburnt.
sunny adj /ˈsʌni/ You look really brown. Was it sunny on your holiday?
sweat v /ˈswet/ I’m sweating. Can we turn the air conditioning on?
thick adj /θɪk/ The fog was so thick I couldn’t see anything.
thunder n /ˈθʌndə(r)/ Thunder is the loud noise that you hear during a storm.
tornado n /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ A tornado is a violent storm that can appear without warning.
warm adj /wɔːm/ How warm is it outside? Do I need a jumper?

a sense of (one’s) own /ə sens ɒv (wʌnz) əʊn We want to give them a sense of their own vulnerability, their human limitations,
vulnerability ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ and the risks involved.
admit v /ədˈmɪt/ The participants are asked to introduce themselves and admit that they have
a problem.
affect v /əˈfekt/ Does the weather affect your mood?
alive adj /əˈlaɪv/ I want to stay alive for as long as possible.
buzz n /bʌz/ It’s not the speed, it’s the buzz you get when you go fast.
climate change n /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ Pollution is leading to climate change.
communicate v /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ When will we have learnt enough English to be able to communicate fluently?
edge n /edʒ/ Imagine that you had a dream where you were standing on the edge of a precipice.
environment n /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ Earth Day is an annual day to increase awareness and appreciation of the
environment.
environmentally-friendly adj /ɪnˌvaɪrənˌmentəli I only shop at places which stock environmentally-friendly products.
ˈfrendli/
face v /feɪs/ The lessons learned from facing the difficulties may be very valuable in everyday life.
get straight to the point /ɡet streɪt tə ðə Let me get straight to the point. This is not good enough.
ˈpɔɪnt/
global warming n /ˌɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ Many people worry that global warming is affecting the climate.
habitual offender n /həˈbɪtʃuəl əˌfendə(r)/ He’s a habitual offender. He’s been caught six times.
in advance /ɪn ədˈvɑːns/ Have you ever travelled somewhere without having booked somewhere to stay
in advance?
in case /ɪn ˈkeɪs/ Take your umbrella in case it’s raining when you leave work.
lead v /liːd/ I’m going to lead the session today.
make sure v /meɪk ˈʃɔː(r)/ Please make sure that all the windows are closed before you leave the house.
mixture n /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ The mixture of speed and noise raises people’s adrenaline.
negative adj /ˈneɡətɪv/ Everything has two sides to it – a positive one and a negative one.
observe v /əbˈzɜːv/ I like to observe people’s reactions when I tell them my news.
opportunity n /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ There are many opportunities for people with university degrees.
participant n /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ At the beginning of the course the participants are asked to introduce themselves and
admit that they have a problem.
potentially fatal /pəˌtenʃəli ˈfeɪtl It’s sensation-seeking, it’s taking risks, looking for that buzz, but ignoring the
consequences ˌkɒnsɪkwənsɪz/ potentially fatal consequences.
realistic adj /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ They need to make a realistic assessment of the risks involved.
reason n /ˈriːzn/ The writer Sir John Mortimer saw a deeper reason for Britain’s peculiar obsession
with the weather.
recycle v /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ I recycle all my newspapers, bottles, and plastic salad boxes.
regret v /rɪˈɡret/ I regret going to university. It didn’t help me get a better job.
regularly adv /ˈreɡjələli/ But if you regularly drive at 120mph (190kph) on a public road, sooner or later
you’re going to get caught.
release v /rɪˈliːs/ When you practise extreme sports your brain releases endorphins.
reusable adj /ˌriːˈjuːzəbl/ I own several reusable shopping bags made of recyclable materials.
rule v /ruːl/ The judge ruled that he had broken the law.
run out v /rʌn ˈaʊt/ Other sources of energy will be needed as fossil fuels will run out.
soar v /sɔː(r)/ Temperatures are set to soar to 30 degrees on Saturday.
speed n /spiːd/ Do you ever go really fast and break the speed limit?
strategy n /ˈstrætədʒi/ In a world that’s changing really quickly, the only strategy that is guaranteed to fail is
not taking risks.
sum up v /sʌm ˈʌp/ To sum up, extreme sports can have many health benefits.
take seriously /teɪk ˈsɪəriəsli/ We need to take the risks involved in driving very seriously.
vehicle n /ˈviːəkl/ Motorcyclists make up just 1% of all the vehicles on the road.
warm spell n /ˈwɔːm spel/ We need this warm spell after the rain we have had.

addiction n /əˈdɪkʃn/ People can suffer from addiction to many things, from smoking to speed.
adrenaline n /əˈdrenəlɪn/ It’s the adrenaline. It’s the buzz you get when you go fast.
affair n /əˈfeə(r)/ We are friends, but I don’t know much about their private affairs.
although conj /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ I think this is a family photo, although none of the family members are actually
looking at the camera.
appliance n /əˈplaɪəns/ Always unplug electrical appliances (e.g. a hairdryer) as soon as you have stopped
using them.
battery n /ˈbætəri/ I throw dead batteries in the rubbish.
bungee jump n /ˈbʌndʒi dʒʌmp/ When the rope broke on her bungee jump she landed in a river.
call off v /kɔːl ˈɒf/ The rain is too heavy. We should call off the match.
carbon footprint n /ˌkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ My flights made my carbon footprint much bigger.
chapter n /ˈtʃæptə(r)/ She writes a chapter of her novel a week.
cocktail n /ˈkɒkteɪl/ This time tomorrow I’ll be sitting at a café in the sun drinking a cocktail.
collision n /kəˈlɪʒn/ There was a collision between two cars but luckily no one was hurt.
curriculum n /kəˈrɪkjələm/ The teaching of handwriting will have disappeared from the school curriculum
because students will only be writing on tablets or laptops.
decorator n /ˈdekəreɪtə(r)/ The decorators will have finished painting by Tuesday, so we can move back into the
flat then.
desalination n /diːˌsælɪˈneɪʃn/ Desalination is when the salt is removed from sea water.
disturb v /dɪˈstɜːb/ I’ll have finished in an hour if you don’t disturb me.
double v /ˈdʌbl/ The manufacturing cost is set to double in the next ten years.
drown v /draʊn/ He drowned his cereal in milk.
earnestly adv /ˈɜːnɪstli/ On television and in the newspapers, experts argued earnestly over what such
extreme weather meant.
Easter n /ˈiːstə(r)/ Easter is always in March or April.
ecology n /iˈkɒlədʒi/ Ecology is the relationship between the plants, animals, and the environment in a
particular area.
element n /ˈelɪmənt/ There is an element of addiction in this sort of behaviour.
engrave v /ɪnˈɡreɪv/ My watch is engraved with my date of birth.
equipment n /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ You need a lot of equipment if you go camping.
facilitate v /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ People use weather-talk to facilitate social interaction.
fatal adj /ˈfeɪtl/ The worst roads for fatal accidents are country roads.
fence n /fens/ We often talk to our next-door neighbours over the fence in the garden.
fill v /fɪl/ I use a reusable water bottle which I fill with tap water.
furthermore adv /ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r)/ It is one of the cheapest available. Furthermore, it is one of the best.
globe n /ɡləʊb/ The weather varies greatly across the globe.
guarantee v /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ I can guarantee that you won’t regret it.
helmet n /ˈhelmɪt/ I always wear a helmet when riding my bike.
idiot n /ˈɪdiət/ I won’t get in a car with him. He drives like an idiot.
in haste /ɪn ˈheɪst/ It is very important that decisions are not made in haste.
Indian summer n /ˌɪndiən ˈsʌmə(r)/ The Met Office ruled that it couldn’t be properly called an Indian summer, which
only occurs ‘as a warm spell in autumn, especially in October and November’.
interaction n /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ People use weather-talk to facilitate social interaction.
intoxicating adj /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪŋ/ It is an intoxicating combination of high-powered engines, testosterone, and youth.
intrinsically adv /ɪnˈtrɪnzɪkli/ We talk about it a lot, but not because it is an intrinsically interesting topic.
lack n /læk/ Many ski resorts will have closed because of a lack of winter snow.
lock up v /lɒk ˈʌp/ Never leave a dog locked up in a car if it’s hot.
measure n /ˈmeʒə(r)/ They require a lot of equipment, safety measures, and well-trained and qualified
instructors.
no point /ˈnəʊ pɔɪnt/ There’s no point phoning Sonia now. She won’t be there.
organic adj /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ Organic fruit and vegetables haven’t been treated with pesticides.
oven n /ˈʌvn/ Laura won’t have arrived before dinner so I’ll leave some food in the oven for her.
parachute jump n /ˈpærəʃuːt dʒʌmp/ I did a parachute jump from a plane for charity.
peculiar adj /pɪˈkjuːliə(r)/ Britain has a peculiar obsession with the weather.
plenty pron /ˈplenti/ If you are travelling somewhere, do you normally get to the station or airport with
plenty of time or at the last minute?
precipice n /ˈpresəpɪs/ He dreamt he was standing on the edge of a precipice.
reluctant adj /rɪˈlʌktənt/ I am reluctant to talk about politics with my friends.
reserve n /rɪˈzɜːv/ Britons need weather-talk to help us overcome our reserve.
resort n /rɪˈzɔːt/ Many ski resorts will have closed because of a lack of winter snow.
rhythm n /ˈrɪðəm/ I can’t dance. I have no sense of rhythm.
sensation-seeking n /senˈseɪʃn ˌsiːkɪŋ/ It’s sensation-seeking, it’s taking risks, looking for that buzz, but ignoring the
potentially fatal consequences.
severe adj /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ The accident caused severe damage to his spine.
sin n /sɪn/ I committed a crime last Tuesday, which just happened to be Earth Day, a day that
invites people to think about their eco-sins.
solar panel n /ˌsəʊlə ˈpænl/ Most people will have installed solar panels or wind turbines on their houses or
blocks of flats to generate their own electricity.
statistic n /stəˈtɪstɪk/ The statistics show that more people die on motorbikes than in cars.
stock v /stɒk/ I only shop at places which stock environmentally-friendly products.
strike n /straɪk/ If there’s a strike tomorrow, we won’t be able to travel.
tempt v /tempt/ Every year, more and more people are tempted by the idea of going on an adventure
sports holiday, especially during the summer months.
testosterone n /tesˈtɒstərəʊn/ It is an intoxicating combination of high-powered engines, testosterone, and youth.
the main advantage /ðə ˈmeɪn ədˌvɑːntɪdʒ/ The main advantage is that adventure sports, like many other physical activities,
offer health benefits.
the Met Office n /ðə ˈmet ˌɒfɪs/ The Met Office provides the weather forecast for the UK.
turbine n /ˈtɜːbaɪn/ A wind turbine converts wind power into energy.
unlikely adj /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ It’s unlikely that schools will change much in the next few years.
urban adj /ˈɜːbən/ I can’t live in rural areas. I like living in urban places.
File 5
Vocabulary Banks
FEELINGS
astonished adj /əˈstɒnɪʃt/ I was astonished when they lost. They always win.
bewildered adj /bɪˈwɪldəd/ I was bewildered by the range of choices.
delighted adj /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ I was delighted with my high score.
desperate adj /ˈdespərət/ I was desperate to get a job. I really needed the money.
devastated adj /ˈdevəsteɪtɪd/ I was devastated when my grandad died.
disappointed adj /dɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ I was a bit disappointed you didn’t come.
down adj /daʊn/ You look a bit down. What’s the problem?
gobsmacked adj /ˈɡɒbsmækt/ I was completely gobsmacked when I heard she was getting married!
grateful adj /ˈɡreɪtfl/ I’m grateful for any help I get.
guilty adj /ˈɡɪlti/ I feel guilty when I eat too much.
gutted adj /ˈɡʌtɪd/ When they missed that last penalty I was absolutely gutted.
homesick adj /ˈhəʊmsɪk/ I miss home so much. I’m feeling homesick.
horrified adj /ˈhɒrɪfaɪd/ My mum was horrified with the mess in my room.
lonely adj /ˈləʊnli/ I feel lonely without you here.
nervous adj /ˈnɜːvəs/ Exams make me nervous.
offended adj /əˈfendɪd/ I feel really offended. My cousin didn’t invite me to his wedding.
overwhelmed adj /ˌəʊvəˈwelmd/ I just don’t know what to say. I’m overwhelmed with emotion.
proud adj /praʊd/ I’m so proud my daughter won the race.
relieved adj /rɪˈliːvd/ I was relieved when I finally got a job.
scared stiff adj /skeəd ˈstɪf/ I’m scared stiff of heights.
shattered adj /ˈʃætəd/ I’m absolutely shattered. I just want to sit down and put my feet up.
shocked adj /ʃɒkt/ I was shocked by the sad news.
sick of (hearing) /ˈsɪk əv (ˌhɪərɪŋ)/ I’m sick of hearing you complain about my food. Why don’t you learn to cook?
stunned adj /stʌnd/ I was stunned by the proposal. I just wasn’t expecting it.
thrilled adj /θrɪld/ I was thrilled when I heard I was going to become a grandparent.

abandon v /əˈbændən/ Eventually they decided to abandon the search for the village and just hike back
to Apolo.
ability n /əˈbɪləti/ My ability to stay calm helps in my job.
absolutely adv /ˈæbsəluːtli/ I find speaking in public absolutely terrifying. I hate doing it.
alone adv /əˈləʊn/ What would you do if you were hiking alone in the mountains and you got
completely lost?
anything pron /ˈeniθɪŋ/ Of course I’ve made mistakes, but I don’t regret anything.
assess v /əˈses/ They don’t panic and they assess the situation clearly and take decisions.
attempt n /əˈtempt/ It took me five attempts to get it right.
be bothered v /bi ˈbɒðəd/ I wish people wouldn’t leave supermarket trolleys in the car park just because they
can’t be bothered to take them back.
briefing n /ˈbriːfɪŋ/ Pay attention to the flight attendant’s safety briefing.
bury v /ˈberi/ In traditional stories pirates always bury their treasure.
case n /keɪs/ I wish my family would put DVDs back in their cases.
challenge n /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ The key to survival is to slow down and divide the challenges into small,
manageable tasks.
chance n /tʃɑːns/ The chance of winning the lottery is small.
civilization n /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ The four men set off from the town of Apolo and soon they had left civilization
far behind.
count v /kaʊnt/ Memorize where the emergency exits are and count how many rows you are away
from them.
destination n /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/ I’d keep walking and try to find my way to my destination.
enter v /ˈentə(r)/ Before they entered the jungle, the three friends made a promise that they would ‘go
in together and come out together’.
excuse n /ɪkˈskjuːs/ Do you want me to phone and make an excuse?
fact n /fækt/ I’m just completely bewildered by so many facts and figures.
factor n /ˈfæktə(r)/ Money was an important factor in my decision.
infuriate v /ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt/ It really infuriates me when people drive too close behind me.
intruder n /ɪnˈtruːdə(r)/ What would you do if you woke up in the middle of the night and thought that you
could hear an intruder in your home?
irritate v /ˈɪrɪteɪt/ It really irritates me when you are late.
major adj /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ On average people have one major regret in life.
manage v /ˈmænɪdʒ/ I managed to give it up, which I’m proud of.
manageable task n /ˈmænɪdʒəbl tɑːsk/ The key to survival is to slow down and divide the challenges into small,
manageable tasks.
memorize v /ˈmeməraɪz/ I memorize a lot of information before any exam.
oversleep v /ˌəʊvəˈsliːp/ I wouldn’t have been late if I hadn’t overslept.
oxygen n /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ Plants produce oxygen for us to breathe.
pay attention v /peɪ əˈtenʃn/ Pay attention and also read the safety information in the seat pocket.
pure adj /pjʊə(r)/ I see them as pure mistakes – something to learn from, something which makes me the
person I am today!
rate n /reɪt/ American research has shown that the survival rate in all air crashes is
historically 95.7%.
rational adj /ˈræʃnəl/ Try to keep calm and behave in a rational way.
revolution n /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ Many revolutions have changed the political system of different countries.
rumour n /ˈruːmə(r)/ I wish people wouldn’t start stupid rumours on Twitter that aren’t true.
self-control n /ˌself kənˈtrəʊl/ Well, that’s your problem. You’ve got no self-control!
serve v /sɜːv/ I wish shop assistants would serve me when I’m waiting rather than carrying on a
conversation with their friends.
species n /ˈspiːʃiːz/ The Amazonian rainforest is the home of more than half the plant and animal species
known to man.
today adv /təˈdeɪ/ If I had done these things, then I wouldn’t be who I am today.
water v /ˈwɔːtə(r)/ If you had watered the plants, they wouldn’t have died.

avalanche n /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/ An avalanche can be extremely dangerous for climbers.
backpack v /ˈbækpæk/ In 1981 three friends went backpacking in a remote area of Bolivia.
Bolivia n /bəˈlɪviə/ Bolivia is in South America.
cadet n /kəˈdet/ I was a cadet in the army in 2012.
despair v /dɪˈspeə(r)/ Apart from staying calm and not despairing, knowing the right thing to do in a crisis
is also vital.
dwell v /dwel/ A recent survey has shown that we spend almost three quarters of an hour every week
dwelling on our regrets.
hysterical adj /hɪˈsterɪkl/ She was so excited she was hysterical.
in the long run /ɪn ðə ˈlɒŋ rʌn/ In the long run it was probably a good thing.
jungle n /ˈdʒʌŋɡl/ Four young men went into the jungle on the adventure of a lifetime.
lethal adj /ˈliːθl/ It is the home of more than half the plant and animal species known to man, many of
which are lethal.
philosophy n /fəˈlɒsəfi/ I wish there was a song called ‘Je regrette tout’. That would be my philosophy of life!
plumber n /ˈplʌmə(r)/ The plumber fixed our toilet.
property ladder n /ˈprɒpəti ˌlædə(r)/ Common regrets range from not getting on the property ladder sooner, to not
having had more relationships when they were younger.
rainforest n /ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/ The Amazonian rainforest is roughly the size of Europe or Australia.
spirit n /ˈspɪrɪt/ His spirits change from desperate to optimistic, and then to desperate again.
File 6
alien n /ˈeɪliən/ There are lots of films about aliens but no one really knows if they exist.
amount n /əˈmaʊnt/ How do you feel about the amount you sleep?
attack v /əˈtæk/ In movies aliens are often shown to attack humans.
ballet n /ˈbæleɪ/ My favourite ballet is Swan Lake. I’ve seen it three times.
bass guitar n /beɪs ɡɪˈtɑː(r)/ I think the bass guitar is one of the easiest string instruments to learn.
be used to v /bi ˈjuːst tə/ I’m not used to sleeping with a duvet. I’ve always slept with blankets.
cello n /ˈtʃeləʊ/ I hate taking my cello to school. It’s too big and heavy.
choir n /ˈkwaɪə(r)/ I sing in the school choir.
continue v /kənˈtɪnjuː/ Let’s continue working on this later.
decade n /ˈdekeɪd/ Once you’ve tired of classical, you could start with music from the fifties and progress
through each decade.
drums n /drʌmz/ My son wants to play the drums but they are so loud!
eat out v /iːt ˈaʊt/ Do you want to get a takeaway this evening? No, I’d prefer to eat out.
exploit v /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ He exploited the opportunity and made a lot of money.
fall asleep v /fɔːl əˈsliːp/ How long does it usually take you to fall asleep at night?
fast asleep adj /fɑːst əˈsliːp/ I was fast asleep when a knock on the door woke me up.
film-maker n /ˈfɪlm ˌmeɪkə(r)/ Many famous film-makers work in Hollywood.
flute n /fluːt/ You nearly always see girls and not boys playing the flute.
get used to v /ɡet ˈjuːst tə/ I can’t get used to working at night. I feel tired all the time.
half asleep adj /hɑːf əˈsliːp/ I was half asleep and unable to concentrate well in class.
head v /hed/ When I’m with my friends we usually head to the park to relax.
influence v /ˈɪnfluəns/ Many new musicians are influenced by music they heard in their childhood.
insomnia n /ɪnˈsɒmniə/ Some people can’t sleep because they suffer from insomnia.
keep you awake /kiːp ju əˈweɪk/ If you drink coffee in the evening, it may keep you awake.
kiss v /kɪs/ The experience, he says, was ‘like the first time you kiss a girl’.
maximum n /ˈmæksɪməm/ The maximum score you can get is 180.
midnight n /ˈmɪdnaɪt/ I’m not used to staying up so late. I’m usually in bed by midnight.
pillow n /ˈpɪləʊ/ They get into bed and put their head on the pillow.
post (online) v /pəʊst (ɒnˈlaɪn)/ I often post messages online about newspaper stories.
psychologist n /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ A psychologist studies the mind.
saxophone n /ˈsæksəfəʊn/ The saxophone is my favourite instrument in the jazz band.
set (an alarm) v /set (ən əˈlɑːm)/ They go to bed and set their alarm clock.
sheet n /ʃiːt/ In bed people cover themselves with a blanket or a sheet.
siesta n /siˈestə/ Some people have a siesta after lunch.
sleeping pills n pl /ˈsliːpɪŋ pɪlz/ When I can’t sleep I take sleeping pills.
soprano n /səˈprɑːnəʊ/ Many female opera singers are sopranos.
taste n /teɪst/ My musical taste is very different from yours.
used to v /ˈjuːst tu, tə/ My parents used to make me tidy my room every morning.
weep v /wiːp/ Some people find music so moving that it makes them weep.

among prep /əˈmʌŋ/ Sleepwalking is most common among young boys.
ancestor n /ˈænsestə(r)/ My ancestors are all from Suffolk.
blanket n /ˈblæŋkɪt/ I like to take an extra blanket with me when I go travelling.
blinds n pl /blaɪndz/ Do you usually sleep with your bedroom completely dark, or with the curtains or
blinds open?
bouquet n /buˈkeɪ/ I gave her a bouquet of flowers for Valentine’s Day.
cacophony n /kəˈkɒfəni/ A cacophony of sounds filled the room.
cappuccino n /ˌkæpuˈtʃiːnəʊ/ I prefer cappuccino to other types of coffee.
chauffeur n /ˈʃəʊfə(r)/ The company sent a chauffeur to pick them up.
chorus n /ˈkɔːrəs/ The chorus is the most famous part of the song.
clack n /klæk/ The clack of my colleague’s keyboard drives me crazy.
concerto n /kənˈtʃɜːtəʊ/ Mozart wrote a concerto when he was very young.
consequently adv /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/ He can listen to just about anything ever composed. Consequently, his experience
may help us to understand more about musical taste.
country music n /ˈkʌntri ˌmjuːzɪk/ Country music is often associated with America.
croissant n /ˈkrwæsɒ̃/ Croissants are a really unhealthy breakfast.
curtains n pl /ˈkɜːtn/ I close the curtains on winter nights to keep the room warm.
dominate v /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ I don’t like people who try to dominate others.
duvet n /ˈduːveɪ/ I’m not used to sleeping with a duvet. I’ve always slept with blankets.
encore n /ˈɒŋkɔː(r)/ The crowd wanted more so they started shouting for an encore.
faithful adj /ˈfeɪθfl/ He was faithful to his wife and never cheated on her.
field n /fiːld/ English has ‘borrowed’ many words from other languages, for example in the field of
music from Italian, Greek, and French.
fry v /fraɪ/ I don’t fry my food. It’s not very healthy.
genre n /ˈʒɒnrə/ What genre of music do you like?
graffiti n /ɡrəˈfiːti/ Some people think that graffiti is art.
hearing aid n /ˈhɪərɪŋ eɪd/ My grandad needs a hearing aid to hear.
hum n /hʌm/ The hum from the air-conditioning was really loud.
log n /lɒɡ/ Are you a light sleeper or do you sleep like a log?
lucid adj /ˈluːsɪd/ In a lucid dream the person who is dreaming can sometimes change what is happening.
macchiato n /ˌmækɪˈɑːtəʊ/ I like to drink macchiato because it’s a bit lighter.
mezzo soprano n /ˈmetsəʊ səˌprɑːnəʊ/ She is a mezzo soprano.
microphone n /ˈmaɪkrəfəʊn/ I need a microphone for people to hear me.
nap n /næp/ When I’m tired I have a short nap during the day.
neurological disorder n /ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkl Doctors diagnosed her as having a rare neurological disorder called Kleine-Levin
dɪsˌɔːdə(r)/ Syndrome.
parallel adj /ˈpærəlel/ Dreams and video games are both parallel universes.
postpone v /pəˈspəʊn/ I postponed our meeting until next Sunday.
profoundly adv /prəˈfaʊndli/ He was born profoundly deaf.
recur v /rɪˈkɜː(r)/ My nightmare recurs nearly every night.
REM (rapid eye /ɑːr iː ˈem/ REM is an abbreviation for the stage of sleep called ‘rapid eye movement’.
movement) n
restore v /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ Research has shown that short naps are very effective in restoring our energy levels
and mood.
routine n /ruːˈtiːn/ Have a regular routine – try to go to bed at roughly the same time every night.
score n /skɔː(r)/ Writers of film scores are experts at using music to create an atmosphere.
seek v /siːk/ He decided to seek further help.
sleepwalker n /ˈsliːpwɔːkə(r)/ You should never wake up a sleepwalker.
snore v /snɔː(r)/ Have you ever had to share a room with someone who snores?
sonata n /səˈnɑːtə/ A sonata is usually played on just one instrument.
spinach n / ˈspɪnɪtʃ, ˈspɪnɪdʒ/ Spinach is a vegetable many children don’t like.
suggestion n /səˈdʒestʃən/ The suggestions for their holiday really helped.
symphony n /ˈsɪmfəni/ I love Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony.
syndrome n /ˈsɪndrəʊm/ Doctors diagnosed her as having a rare neurological disorder called Kleine-Levin
Syndrome.
system n /ˈsɪstəm/ We need a system to make this easier.
tire v /ˈtaɪə(r)/ Once you’ve tired of classical, you could start with music from the fifties and progress
through each decade.
universe n /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ The book opened his mind to a whole universe of ideas.
unwanted adj /ˌʌnˈwɒntɪd/ All unwanted ideas were rejected.
vast adj /vɑːst/ The ship was vast, with a capacity of over 2,000 passengers.
video game n /ˈvɪdiəʊ ɡeɪm/ A university psychologist in Canada believes that people who play video games are
more likely to be able to control their own dreams.
virtual adj /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ Gamers spend hours a day in a virtual reality and they are used to controlling their
game environments.
wander v /ˈwɒndə(r)/ My parents heard me wandering downstairs in the middle of the night.
whir v /wɜː(r)/ The computer whirred as it started up.
File 7
Vocabulary Bank
VERBS OFTEN CONFUSED
advise v /ədˈvaɪz/ My teachers are going to advise me what subjects to study next year.
argue v /ˈɑːɡjuː/ I often argue with my parents about doing housework.
avoid v /əˈvɔɪd/ Jack always tries to avoid arguing with me.
beat v /biːt/ Arsenal beat Manchester United 5–2.
deny v /dɪˈnaɪ/ Tom always denies that he has a problem.
discuss v /dɪˈskʌs/ I need to discuss the problem with my boss.
expect v /ɪkˈspekt/ I expect that Daniel will forget our anniversary. He always does.
hope v /həʊp/ I hope that you can come on Friday. I haven’t seen you for ages.
lay (past laid) v /leɪ/ I laid the baby on the bed and changed his nappy.
lie (past lay) v /laɪ/ Last night I came home and lay on the sofa and went to sleep.
look v /lʊk/ Carol doesn’t look very well. I think she’s working too hard.
matter v /ˈmætə(r)/ It doesn’t matter if we are five minutes late.
mind v /maɪnd/ My parents don’t mind if I stay out late.
notice v /ˈnəʊtɪs/ I didn’t notice that Karen had changed her hair colour.
prevent v /prɪˈvent/ My dad can’t prevent me from seeing my friends.
raise v /reɪz/ It’s hard not to raise your voice when you are arguing with someone.
realize v /ˈrɪəlaɪz/ I didn’t realize you were so unhappy.
refuse v /rɪˈfjuːz/ Tom always refuses to discuss the problem.
remember v /rɪˈmembə(r)/ Remember to turn off the lights before you go.
remind v /rɪˈmaɪnd/ Can you remind me to call my mum later?
rise v /raɪz/ The cost of living is going to rise again this month.
rob v /rɒb/ The men had been planning to rob the bank.
seem v /siːm/ I’ve spoken to her husband twice and he seems very nice.
steal v /stiːl/ If you leave your bike unlocked, somebody might steal it.
wait v /weɪt/ We’ll have to wait half an hour for the next train.
warn v /wɔːn/ I think I should warn you that Liam doesn’t always tell the truth.
win v /wɪn/ Arsenal won the match 5–2.
wish v /wɪʃ/ I wish I was a bit taller!
THE BODY
ankle n /ˈæŋkl/ I sprained my ankle playing football.
bite your nails /baɪt jɔː ˈneɪlz/ Do you bite your nails when you’re nervous?
blow your nose /bləʊ jɔː ˈnəʊz/ Here’s a tissue to blow your nose.
bottom n /ˈbɒtəm/ My bike saddle is uncomfortable and it hurts my bottom!
brain n /breɪn/ Is it true we only use 25% of our brain?
break someone’s heart /breɪk sʌmwʌnz ˈhɑːt/ When Miriam left David, she broke his heart.
brush your hair / teeth /brʌʃ jɔː ˈheə, ˈtiːθ/ You need to brush your hair before I take you to dance class.
calf n /kɑːf/ I pulled my calf muscle running.
can’t get (something) out of /kɑːnt ɡet … aʊt ɒv I can’t get that song out of my head. I keep whistling it.
your head jɔː ˈhed/
chest n /tʃest/ What size chest is your jacket?
chew v /tʃuː/ The steak was tough and difficult to chew.
cold feet /kəʊld ˈfiːt/ I’m not sure I want to go climbing now. I’m starting to get cold feet.
comb your hair /kəʊm jɔː ˈheə(r)/ Are you going to comb your hair? It looks a mess.
elbow n /ˈelbəʊ/ I don’t know why I’ve got a lot of wrinkled skin on my elbow.
fist n /fɪst/ She hit me with her fist.
fold your arms /fəʊld jɔːr ˈɑːmz/ Fold your arms – it will keep you warmer.
frown v /fraʊn/ The teacher frowned when she saw all the mistakes I had made.
get it off your chest /ɡet ɪt ɒf jɔː tʃest/ I need to talk to somebody about my problem and get it off my chest.
give someone a hand /ɡɪv ˌsʌmwʌn ə Could you give me a hand with my homework? It’s really difficult.
ˈhænd/
have butterflies in your /hæv ˌbʌtəflaɪz ɪn jɔː The test is on Friday. I’ve got butterflies in my stomach!
stomach ˈstʌmək/
heart n /hɑːt/ My heart is beating so fast after that race.
heel n /hiːl/ Careful! You stood on my heel.
hips n pl /hɪps/ My grandad has false hips.
hold someone’s hand /həʊld ˌsʌmwʌnz I’m going to hold someone’s hand when I skate. I’m worried I’ll fall over.
ˈhænd/
hug v /hʌɡ/ When we meet we always hug each other.
kidneys n pl /ˈkɪdniːz/ The kidneys help clean the blood.
kneel v /niːl/ Some women think a man should kneel down when he proposes marriage.
learn by heart /lɜːn baɪ ˈhɑːt/ You need to learn the irregular past tenses by heart.
liver n /ˈlɪvə(r)/ Drinking too much alcohol is bad for your liver.
lungs n pl /lʌŋz/ I smoke 40 cigarettes a day. My lungs must be terrible.
nails n pl /neɪlz/ Where did you get your nails done?
on the tip of your tongue /ɒn ðə tɪp əv jɔː ˈtʌŋ/ I can’t remember her name, but it’s on the tip of my tongue.
palms n pl /pɑːmz/ She tries to read people’s palms.
point v /pɔɪnt/ If you don’t know the word for something, just point at what you want.
pull someone’s leg /pʊl ˌsʌmwʌnz ˈleɡ/ You can’t be serious. You must be pulling my leg!
put your foot in it /pʊt jɔː ˈfʊt ɪn ɪt/ You really put your foot in it when you asked how Jane’s husband was. He left her
last month.
raise your eyebrows /reɪz jɔːr ˈaɪbraʊz/ Don’t raise your eyebrows at me.
scratch v /skrætʃ/ Don’t scratch the mosquito bite. You’ll only make it worse.
shake hands /ʃeɪk ˈhændz/ We normally shake hands when we meet people.
shake your head /ʃeɪk jɔː ˈhed/ Nod if you agree, or shake your head if you don’t.
shrug your shoulders /ʃrʌɡ jɔː ˈʃəʊldəz/ Do you always shrug your shoulders when you don’t know the answer?
stare v /steə(r)/ The painting was so strange I stared at it for a long time.
stretch v /stretʃ/ She got out of bed, and yawned and stretched.
suck your thumb /sʌk jɔː ˈθʌm/ Did you suck your thumb when you were young?
thighs n pl /θaɪz/ My thighs are too big for those trousers.
touch your toes /tʌtʃ jɔː ˈtəʊz/ You know you’re getting old when you can’t touch your toes.
waist n /weɪst/ What waist size are your trousers?
wave v /weɪv/ She waved goodbye sadly to her boyfriend as the train left the station.
wink v /wɪŋk/ He winked at me to show that he was only joking.
wrist n /rɪst/ I can’t play tennis. I’ve hurt my wrist.
yawn v /jɔːn/ It’s rude to yawn without covering your mouth.

argument n /ˈɑːɡjumənt/ My parents only had one argument in 45 years. It lasted 43 years.
back up v /ˈbæk ʌp/ I have all the evidence to back up my argument.
background n /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ In the background there is a man playing golf.
be supposed to v /bi səˈpəʊzd tə/ In Papua New Guinea when a woman is arguing with her husband, he’s supposed to
reply to his wife’s insults.
Botox n /ˈbəʊtɒks/ Botox should be banned for actors as steroids are for sportsmen.
can’t have v /ˈkɑːnt əv/ I failed my piano exam. I can’t have practised enough.
capable adj /ˈkeɪpəbl/ Women are capable of driving just as well as men.
change the subject /tʃeɪndʒ ðə ˈsʌbdʒekt/ I don’t want to talk about this anymore. Let’s change the subject.
cheek n /tʃiːk/ His cheeks are really red after running.
chin n /tʃɪn/ He has got a small beard on his chin.
combine v /kəmˈbaɪn/ Many things combine to show how we feel about something.
complexity n /kəmˈpleksəti/ Many things combine to present human experience in all its complexity.
consider v /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ He wasn’t considered a major suspect in the murder case.
estimate v /ˈestɪmeɪt/ It’s estimated that as much as 80% of our interaction with others is through non-
verbal communication.
eyelashes n pl /ˈaɪlæʃɪz/ Her eyelashes are so long. Are they real?
eyelids n pl /ˈaɪlɪdz/ She wears a lot of make-up on her eyelids.
facial adj /ˈfeɪʃl/ Facial expressions show a lot about how we feel.
foreground n /ˈfɔːɡraʊnd/ In the foreground we see the inside of a room with a glass door leading into a garden.
forehead n /ˈfɔːhed/ Most of my wrinkles are on my forehead.
huge adj /hjuːdʒ/ She’s got huge dark eyes.
human being n /ˌhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋ/ Human beings argue about everything, but are there any differences between the
sexes in the way that we argue?
hurtful adj /ˈhɜːtfl/ I’ll say something hurtful to him and he’ll say something back.
in floods of tears /ɪn ˈflʌdz əv tɪəz/ Is she okay? I saw her in floods of tears.
look v /lʊk/ I think she looks scared.
look as if v /ˈlʊk əz ɪf/ I think she looks as if she has just had some bad news.
look like v /ˈlʊk laɪk/ I think she looks like a teenage student.
meaningful adj /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ Through an understanding of non-verbal behaviour, you will achieve a deeper, more
meaningful view of the world around you.
muscle n /ˈmʌsl/ I’m too fat. I want more muscle.
must have v /ˈmʌst, ˈməst əv/ You must have lost your phone.
outside prep /ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/ Outside the glass doors you can see a boy and a man.
performance n /pəˈfɔːməns/ I don’t think his performance in this series was as good as in the last one.
postman n /ˈpəʊstmən/ As they were leaving, the postman arrived with the mail.
require v /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/ To understand this, and then make a conscious decision that you will do it differently
requires a lot of maturity.
rest v /rest/ In the photo there is a girl sitting at the table, resting her head on one hand.
should have v /ˈʃʊd, ˈʃəd əv/ I’m so tired. I should have gone to bed earlier.
significance n /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ Joe immediately understood the significance of the eyelid movement he had witnessed,
and the man became the chief suspect.
spot v /spɒt/ Then there are the non-verbal signs that many of us have not learnt to spot.
technique n /tekˈniːk/ What technique does he use to help convey the feeling of happiness?
would rather /ˈwʊd, ˈwəd ˈrɑːðə(r)/ I would rather go to the cinema than to a club.
assertive adj /əˈsɜːtɪv/ John Gray says that men are more assertive in arguments than women.
cave n /keɪv/ There are some beautiful caves along the coast.
conflict n /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ Conflict is an important part of any relationship. It’s healthy to argue.
convey v /kənˈveɪ/ What two things does he say radio actors use to convey feelings?
counsellor n /ˈkaʊnsələ(r)/ We argue too much. I think we need to see a counsellor.
crouch v /kraʊtʃ/ My back hurts from crouching down with the children.
daydream v /ˈdeɪdriːm/ He often just looks out of the window and starts to daydream.
decipher v /dɪˈsaɪfə(r)/ It was difficult to decipher what he meant.
deduce v /dɪˈdjuːs/ I try to deduce many things based on evidence I have.
e-book n /ˈiː bʊk/ I would rather read an e-book than a normal book.
frog n /frɒɡ/ Have you ever tried frogs’ legs? Apparently they taste like chicken.
fury n /ˈfjʊəri/ Her fury could be heard by everyone around her.
gender n /ˈdʒendə(r)/ Damian Whitworth investigates gender differences when couples argue.
gesture n /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ Physical gestures can be quite different from one culture to another.
ice pick n /ˈaɪs pɪk/ One of the weapons, the ice pick, had actually been used in the crime.
lift v /lɪft/ Try to lift it off the page and make it sound natural.
linguist n /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/ She’s a skilled linguist. She understands so much about languages.
loo n /luː/ Where’s the men’s loo?
machete n /məˈʃeti/ He cut his way through the tall plants with a machete.
mediate v /ˈmiːdieɪt/ I often mediate between my parents when they argue.
metro n /ˈmetrəʊ/ You shouldn’t have gone by car. The metro is much faster.
naturalistic adj /ˌnætʃrəˈlɪstɪk/ It’s as naturalistic as you can make it sound – to lift it off the page, to make it sound
as though you’re not reading it.
naughty adj /ˈnɔːti/ Maybe the boy has been naughty, because it seems as if he’s looking at the ground.
non-verbal adj /nɒn ˈvɜːbl/ It’s estimated that as much as 80% of our interaction with others is through
non-verbal communication.
out of tune /aʊt əv ˈtjuːn/ That guitar sounds completely out of tune.
perfume n /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ Your perfume smells like roses.
press on v /pres ˈɒn/ Even though it was difficult he decided to press on with the marathon.
rose n /rəʊz/ He gave her a single red rose on their anniversary.
rotten adj /ˈrɒtn/ That apple is rotten. You should throw it out.
sincere adj /sɪnˈsɪə(r)/ He sounded sincere when he apologized.
soft adj /sɒft/ Your new jacket feels very soft.
speculate v /ˈspekjuleɪt/ I often speculate about changing the past.
steroids n pl /ˈsterɔɪdz/ Botox should be banned for actors as steroids are for sportsmen.
stuff n /stʌf/ We see lots of stereotypical stuff when we are young.
sugar cane n /ˈʃʊɡə keɪn/ Sugar cane is one of the main crops in some countries.
thus adv /ðʌs/ Body language gives away a lot about someone’s feelings, thus it is important to
understand it.
tirade n /taɪˈreɪd/ She launched an angry tirade of insults and swear words.
topic n /ˈtɒpɪk/ Men would rather keep quiet and avoid talking about any topics that may cause an
argument.
upbringing n /ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ/ Our upbringing as children impacts on how we behave.
useless adj /ˈjuːsləs/ I’m useless at arguing. My partner always wins.
withdraw v /wɪðˈdrɔː/ Men tend to withdraw from an argument and become silent.
File 8
Vocabulary Banks
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
accuse v /əˈkjuːz/ They were accused of armed robbery and car theft.
acquit v /əˈkwɪt/ He was acquitted and allowed to go free.
arrest v /əˈrest/ They were arrested and taken to a police station.
assassination n /əsæsɪˈneɪʃn/ The assassination of Kennedy is one of the highest-profile crimes of its kind.
blackmail n /ˈblækmeɪl/ Blackmail is often committed when someone has some information another person
wants kept secret.
bribery n /ˈbraɪbəri/ They got the contract by using bribery.
burglary n /ˈbɜːɡləri/ The burglary was very upsetting for the people who lived there.
catch v /kætʃ/ Carl and Adam were caught driving to the airport in a stolen car.
charge v /tʃɑːdʒ/ Finally they were charged with armed robbery.
commit v /kəˈmɪt/ Carl and Adam committed a crime. They robbed a large supermarket.
court n /kɔːt/ The defendants appeared in court.
drug dealing n /ˈdrʌɡ ˌdiːlɪŋ/ Drug dealing involves selling any illegal drug.
evidence n /ˈevɪdəns/ The jury looked at and heard all the evidence.
fraud n /frɔːd/ He committed fraud by using other people’s identities.
guilty adj /ˈɡɪlti/ Carl was found guilty. His fingerprints were on the gun used in the robbery.
hacking n /ˈhækɪŋ/ Hacking into computer systems can enable people to steal private information.
hijacking n /ˈhaɪdʒækɪŋ/ The hijacking of the plane forced the airport to close.
investigate v /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ The police investigated the crime.
judge n /dʒʌdʒ/ The judge decided what Carl’s punishment should be.
jury n /ˈdʒʊəri/ The jury looked at and heard all the evidence.
kidnapping n /ˈkɪdnæpɪŋ/ Kidnapping often happens when a criminal tries to get money from a rich person.
manslaughter n /ˈmænslɔːtə(r)/ Manslaughter is killing someone by accident.
mugging n /ˈmʌɡɪŋ/ Mugging is like robbery but on the street.
murder n /ˈmɜːdə(r)/ He went to prison for the murder of five people.
proof n /pruːf/ There was no proof that Adam had committed the crime.
punishment n /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ The judge decided what Carl’s punishment should be.
question v /ˈkwestʃən/ The police questioned them for ten hours.
rape n /reɪp/ Rape is often about power and control.
robbery n /ˈrɒbəri/ Robbery is usually violent and involves a weapon.
sentence v /ˈsentəns/ He sentenced him to ten years in prison.
smuggling n /ˈsmʌɡlɪŋ/ Smuggling involves taking illegal products from one country to another.
stalking n /ˈstɔːkɪŋ/ Stalking can happen physically or on the internet.
terrorism n /ˈterərɪzəm/ Terrorism is often political or religious.
theft n /θeft/ The theft was very stressful for the victim.
vandalism n /ˈvændəlɪzəm/ Some people say graffiti is art; others say it is vandalism.
verdict n /ˈvɜːdɪkt/ After two days the jury reached their verdict.
witness n /ˈwɪtnəs/ The witness told the court what they had seen or knew.
THE MEDIA
accurate adj /ˈækjərət/ The film review was quite accurate. It said the plot was poor but the acting was good,
which was true.
agony aunt n /ˈæɡəni ɑːnt/ An agony aunt writes in a newspaper or magazine giving advice to people in reply to
their letters.
axe v /æks/ Thousands of jobs axed by UK firms.
back v /bæk/ Prime Minister backs his Chancellor in latest scandal.
biased adj /ˈbaɪəst/ The news on Channel 12 is really biased. You can’t believe anything you hear on it.
bid v /bɪd/ Astronaut bids to be first man on Mars.
censored adj /ˈsensəd/ I think the report was censored. The newspaper wasn’t allowed to publish all the details.
clash v /klæʃ/ Ministers clash over new car tax proposal.
commentator n /ˈkɒmənteɪtə(r)/ A commentator is a person who describes a sports event while it’s happening on TV
or radio.
critic n /ˈkrɪtɪk/ A critic is a person who writes a review about the good / bad qualities of books,
concerts, theatre, films, etc.
editor n /ˈedɪtə(r)/ An editor is a person in charge of a newspaper or magazine, or part of one, and
decides what should be in it.
freelance journalist n /ˈfriːlɑːns ˌdʒɜːnəlɪst/ A freelance journalist is a person who writes articles for different papers and is not
employed by any one paper.
hit v /hɪt/ Stock market hit by oil fears.
newsreader n /ˈnjuːzriːdə(r)/ A newsreader is a person who reads the news on TV or radio.
objective adj /əbˈdʒektɪv/ I think The Observer is the most objective. It bases its stories just on facts, not on
feelings or beliefs.
paparazzi n pl /pæpəˈrætsi/ The paparazzi are photographers who follow famous people around to get photos of
them to sell to newspapers and magazines.
presenter n /prɪˈzentə(r)/ A presenter is a person who introduces the different sections of a radio or TV
programme.
quit v /kwɪt/ United boss to quit after shock cup defeat.
quiz v /kwɪz/ Police quiz witness in murder trial.
reporter n /rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/ A reporter is a person who collects and reports news for newspapers, radio, or TV.
row n /raʊ/ Famous actress in restaurant bill row.
sensational adj /senˈseɪʃənl/ The reporting in the paper was very sensational. It made the story seem more
shocking than it really was.
split v /splɪt/ Footballer and wife split over affair with cleaner.
tip v /tɪp/ Tarantino tipped to win best director.
vow v /vaʊ/ Bayern Munich boss vows to avenge defeat.
wed v /wed/ Prince to wed 18-year-old TV soap star.

bomb n /bɒm/ Sommerville knows it’s not if another bomb goes off, it’s when.
bonus n /ˈbəʊnəs/ The Chancellor has warned that the row about paying bonuses threatens to put jobs
at risk.
brilliant adj /ˈbrɪliənt/ It’s thrilling and brilliant and useful most of the time, but it’s not a right to be able to
use it.
campaign v /kæmˈpeɪn/ People campaign for things they believe in.
civil liberty n /ˌsɪvl ˈlɪbəti/ Civil liberties are important for people’s freedom.
column n /ˈkɒləm/ Geoff Lewis, 30, writes a weekly newspaper column on cooking.
disconnection n /ˌdɪskəˈnekʃn/ When the government proposed punishing illegal downloaders with internet
disconnection, people campaigned against it.
electrician n /ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃn/ I need an electrician to fit a new light.
eye contact n /ˈaɪ ˌkɒntækt/ If you see that people are watching you in a suspicious way, look straight back at them
and make eye contact.
fake adj /feɪk/ Lots of people buy fake products because they are cheaper than a genuine product.
finally adv /ˈfaɪnəli/ Finally, I do not think that a fine is a suitable punishment for young people.
firstly adv /ˈfɜːstli/ Firstly, community service often persuades a young person not to re-offend.
for instance /fər ˈɪnstəns/ It takes more than luck. For instance, hard work is important.
hand over v /hænd ˈəʊvə(r)/ A woman in Florida handed over $400 for an iPad which turned out to be fake.
horoscope n /ˈhɒrəskəʊp/ I never read my horoscope. I think it’s nonsense.
in addition /ɪn əˈdɪʃn/ In addition, in prisons many of the inmates take drugs and this is a terrible example
for young offenders.
in conclusion /ɪn kənˈkluːʒn/ In conclusion, I believe that community service has important advantages.
in most cases /ɪn ˈməʊst ˌkeɪsɪz/ In most cases, working with sick children or old people makes young offenders realize
that there are people who have more difficult lives than they do.
income n /ˈɪnkʌm/ There can be big income differences between urban and rural areas.
insist on v /ɪnˈsɪst ɒn/ Jamie insisted on paying for the meal.
introduction n /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/ An introduction is at the start of an essay or article.
jail n /dʒeɪl/ He is being held in Volusia County jail.
justification n /ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ There are plenty of justifications for taking things for free on the internet.
menu n /ˈmenjuː/ He later admitted having seen the dish on the menu at Andrew’s pub.
minor adj /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ Community service is the best punishment for young people who commit a minor
offence.
nearby adj /ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/ He bought them in a nearby town.
official adj /əˈfɪʃl/ Only get taxis that have an official number.
paragraph n /ˈpærəɡrɑːf/ A paragraph contains ideas related to one topic.
print n /prɪnt/ You could see his paw print on the key of the phone.
reach for v /ˈriːtʃ fɔː(r), fə(r)/ The first thing she reaches for is her BlackBerry.
recipe n /ˈresəpi/ Can I have the recipe for this? It’s delicious!
reverse n /rɪˈvɜːs/ Labour have accused him of putting the economy into reverse.
secondly adv /ˈsekəndli/ Secondly, spending time in prison results in young people meeting other criminals
and learning more about the criminal world.
shoplifter n /ˈʃɒplɪftə(r)/ A shoplifter is someone who steals something when he / she is in a shop.
skip v /skɪp/ Don’t skip breakfast. You’ll be hungry later.
so adv /səʊ/ They do not usually have much money themselves, so it is often their parents who pay
the fine for them.
spare adj /speə(r)/ The police got in with the help of a neighbour, Paul Walker, who had a spare key.
summary n /ˈsʌməri/ A good summary focuses only on the main points.
tap v /tæp/ Well-manicured fingers tap keys, and she starts looking at her diary.
wardrobe n /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ In her head, Helen is already choosing the wardrobe she needs to wear.

antique n /ænˈtiːk/ I like modern furniture, not antiques.
armed adj /ɑːmd/ There is nothing polite about armed robbery.
armoured adj /ˈɑːməd/ Sommerville climbs into a British armoured vehicle.
become entangled v /bɪˌkʌm ɪnˈtæŋɡld/ He became entangled with the cord of the phone and was choking.
breed n /briːd/ Some breeds of dog are aggressive.
cab n /kæb/ Never ever get into a cab that has another person in the front passenger seat.
convoy n /ˈkɒnvɔɪ/ The army convoy moves forward.
dopey adj /ˈdəʊpi/ In fact, he’s really dopey – he just likes to chew socks most of the time.
everlasting adj /ˌevəˈlɑːstɪŋ/ Fans who don’t pay their idols are like lovers who promise everlasting love but then
sit and watch you as you drown.
idol n /ˈaɪdl/ Fans who don’t pay their idols are like lovers who promise everlasting love but then
sit and watch you as you drown.
incredible adj /ɪnˈkredəbl/ It was incredible. You could see his paw print on the key of the phone.
inmate n /ˈɪnmeɪt/ In prisons many of the inmates take drugs.
limousine n /ˌlɪməˈziːn/ A limousine sweeps along Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, and turns in between the
palm trees.
literally adv /ˈlɪtərəli/ You could see his paw print on the key of the phone. He literally saved his own life.
luxury n /ˈlʌkʃəri/ We don’t have a right to listen to the music we want for free. These things are treats,
pleasures, luxuries.
manicured adj /ˈmænɪkjʊə(r)/ Well-manicured fingers tap keys, and she starts looking at her diary.
mask n /mɑːsk/ He wears a mask and washing-up gloves during robberies.
matchbox n /ˈmætʃbɒks/ She’s got all her complex life locked up in that electronic matchbox.
mayonnaise n /ˌmeɪəˈneɪz/ Mayonnaise is a popular ingredient in sandwiches.
monument n /ˈmɒnjumənt/ Nelson’s Column is a famous monument in London.
necessity n /nəˈsesəti/ The internet isn’t a necessity.
oppose v /əˈpəʊz/ I oppose the government’s changes. They should be stopped.
overprotective adj /ˌəʊvəprəˈtektɪv/ Sometimes the locals can be overprotective because they want you to see the best side
of their town.
paws n pl /pɔːz/ The dog touched the key with his paws.
pickpocket n /ˈpɪkpɒkɪt/ A pickpocket is someone who steals from you in the street, usually without
you noticing.
pose v /pəʊz/ They look up at Big Ben, and then they pose to have their photo taken.
premature adj /ˈpremətʃə(r)/ Dozens of Facebook groups deal with everything, from drugs to abandoned wives, to
panic attacks and premature babies.
regulated adj /ˈreɡjuleɪtɪd/ If you do have to get a taxi in the street, make sure it looks like a regulated one.
reputable adj /ˈrepjətəbl/ The safest thing to do is to phone a reputable company every time you need a cab.
scroll v /skrəʊl/ Scroll down and it’s at the bottom.
shrink v /ʃrɪŋk/ The music industry has shrunk 40% since 2000.
sideline v /ˈsaɪdlaɪn/ No one was paying her any attention. She was starting to feel sidelined.
squat v /skwɒt/ Squatting in an unoccupied house is illegal.
sweep v /swiːp/ The car sweeps past people standing alongside the road.
tag n /tæɡ/ An Apple logo had been cut out in the middle, and a Best Buy price tag stuck on
the back.
till n /tɪl/ The robber always says ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ when he orders shop staff to give him
the money in the till.
tramp n /træmp/ You don’t have to look like a tramp, but you should try to look as if you aren’t
carrying much of value.
treat n /triːt/ We don’t have a right to listen to the music we want for free. These things are treats,
pleasures, luxuries.
ultimately adv /ˈʌltɪmətli/ Illegally downloading will ultimately harm the people who are committing the crime.
unanimously adv /juˈnænɪməsli/ Newspaper staff tried both dishes and unanimously declared Andrew’s to be
the winner.
undistinguished adj /ˌʌndɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/ The undistinguished building would not be noticed by anyone.
unoccupied adj /ˌʌnˈɒkjupaɪd/ The house is unoccupied. No one lives there.
well off adj /wel ˈɒf/ His clothes look expensive. He must be well off.
File 9
Vocabulary Banks
BUSINESS
become v /bɪˈkʌm/ You will become conscious again after an hour.
branch n /brɑːntʃ/ A branch is an office or shop that is part of a larger organization.
business n /ˈbɪznəs/ A business is an organization which produces or sells goods or provides a service.
chain n /tʃeɪn/ A chain is a group of shops, hotels, etc. owned by the same person or company.
client n /ˈklaɪənt/ A client is someone who receives a service from a professional person, for example
from a lawyer.
close down v /kləʊz ˈdaʊn/ Many companies close down in a recession.
colleague n /ˈkɒliːɡ/ A colleague is a person who works with you.
company n /ˈkʌmpəni/ What company do you work for?
customer n /ˈkʌstəmə(r)/ A customer is someone who buys goods or services, for example from a shop or
restaurant.
do a deal (= business /duː ə ˈdiːl/ I want to do a deal for a new car.
agreement)
do a job /duː ə ˈdʒɒb/ Do a job well and you’ll get promoted.
do badly /duː ˈbædli/ If you do badly, will you lose your job?
do business /duː ˈbɪznəs/ Many companies do business in a variety of countries.
do market research /duː ˌmɑːkɪt rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ Many companies do market research to find out more about their customers.
do well /duː ˈwel/ If I do well, I might make more money.
drop v /drɒp/ Standards of living drop in a recession.
economic boom n /ˌekəˌnɒmɪk ˈbuːm/ In an economic boom many people have a better life.
employee n /emplɔɪˈiː/ An employee is a person who works for somebody.
employer n /emˈplɔɪə(r)/ An employer is a person or company who employs other people.
expand v /ɪkˈspænd/ The company expanded to open shops in other countries.
export v /ɪkˈspɔːt/ They export the product around the world.
firm n /fɜːm/ Firm means the same as business.
grow v /ɡrəʊ/ An economic boom is a time when a country’s economy grows.
head of department n /hed əv dɪˈpɑːtmənt/ The head of department is the person who is in charge of a department in a company.
head office n /hed ˈɒfɪs/ The head office is the main office of a company.
import v /ɪmˈpɔːt/ Our country imports most of its oil.
improve v /ɪmˈpruːv/ Standards of living improve in an economic boom.
increase v /ɪnˈkriːs/ I need to increase my income.
launch v /lɔːntʃ/ Nowadays it is quite a risk to launch a new business.
make (someone) redundant /meɪk rɪˈdʌndənt/ When you make someone redundant it’s important to manage it sensitively.
make a decision /meɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒn/ I have to make a decision before the end of the day.
make a loss /meɪk ə ˈlɒs/ Most businesses make a loss in the first few years.
make a profit /meɪk ə ˈprɒfɪt/ I think my business will make a profit this year.
make money /meɪk ˈmʌni/ I need to make money quickly.
manager n /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ The manager is the person in charge of part of an organization, for example a shop
or a branch.
manufacture v /mænjʊˈfæktʃə(r)/ China manufactures many products for the world.
market v /ˈmɑːkɪt/ Companies often use celebrities to help market their products.
merge v /mɜːdʒ/ The two companies merged to create one large company.
multinational n /ˌmʌltiˈnæʃnəl/ A multinational company has offices or factories in many countries.
owner n /ˈəʊnə(r)/ The owner is the person who owns a business.
produce v /prəˈdjuːs/ Saudi Arabia produces more oil than any other country.
recession n /rɪˈseʃn/ In a recession many people worry about their jobs.
set up v /set ˈʌp/ The company was set up in 1990.
staff n /stɑːf/ The staff is the group of people who work for an organization.
take over v /teɪk ˈəʊvə(r)/ The Royal Bank of Scotland took over Natwest Bank in 2000.
the CEO (= chief executive /siː iːˈəʊ/ The CEO is the head of a company.
officer) n
unemployed adj /ʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ There are more unemployed people in a recession.
Word building
absence n /ˈæbsəns/ Her absence was noted by the teacher.
accommodation n /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ Accommodation for tourists can be very expensive in London, especially
good hotels.
alcoholism n /ˈælkəhɒlɪzəm/ Alcoholism is a growing problem as drink becomes cheaper.
antisocial adj /ˌæntiˈsəʊʃl/ Vandalism, especially breaking public property, is very antisocial behaviour.
automated adj /ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd/ The Tokyo subway is fully automated.
belief n /bɪˈliːf/ Let’s not talk about religious beliefs.
bilingual adj /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/ Montreal is probably the most bilingual city in the world – most inhabitants speak
English and French.
brotherhood n /ˈbrʌðəhʊd/ Brotherhood is the friendship and understanding between people.
bulletproof adj /ˈbʊlɪtpruːf/ The police usually wear bulletproof vests.
careful adj /ˈkeəfl/ Be careful how you drive!
childhood n /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ I have many fond memories of my childhood.
coldness n /ˈkəʊldnəs/ I was treated with such coldness that I never went back to that country.
convenience n /kənˈviːniəns/ Convenience foods are popular with people who lead busy lives.
death n /deθ/ My uncle’s death was difficult for me.
distance n /ˈdɪstəns/ The average distance that commuters in the UK travel to work is 8.5 miles.
drinkable adj /ˈdrɪŋkəbl/ I don’t think the tap water here is drinkable.
entertainment n /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ New York has a huge range of entertainment, from Broadway shows to top
sporting events.
excitement n /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ The excitement at the end of the game was amazing.
friendliness n /ˈfrendlinəs/ I love Rio because of the friendliness of the people.
government n /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ The country has elected a new government.
heat n /hiːt/ The heat was too much for me. I had to go inside.
height n /haɪt/ The height of modern buildings keeps increasing.
homeless adj /ˈhəʊmləs/ There are a lot of homeless people in this city.
hopeless adj /ˈhəʊpləs/ The situation is hopeless.
hunger n /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/ Hunger is a problem in many poor countries.
ignorance n /ˈɪɡnərəns/ I’m surprised by his ignorance on the matter.
improvement n /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/ The improvement in the system really helped the company.
intention n /ɪnˈtenʃn/ It is my intention to leave.
length n /leŋθ/ The length of an Olympic pool is 50 metres.
loss n /lɒs/ The financial loss was a problem for the company.
megacity n /ˈmeɡəsɪti/ Tokyo is one of the five megacities.
misunderstand v /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstænd/ I misunderstood the directions, and now I’m completely lost.
monorail n /ˈmɒnəʊreɪl/ If you want to avoid the traffic jams in Bangkok, get the monorail.
multicultural adj /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ London is a very multicultural city, with people of many different races and religions.
overcrowded adj /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ Mumbai is a very overcrowded city.
pollution n /pəˈluːʃn/ Pollution levels have risen in many cities.
postgraduate adj /ˌpəʊstˈɡrædʒuət/ He is doing a postgraduate degree in aeronautical engineering.
racism n /ˈreɪsɪzəm/ Racism is a bigger problem when unemployment is high.
reduction n /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ The reduction in price made it cheap.
strength n /streŋθ/ The strength of his argument was very persuasive.
subway n /ˈsʌbweɪ/ The quickest way to get around New York is on the subway.
success n /səkˈses/ Success is more important to me than money.
thought n /θɔːt/ What are your thoughts on the subject?
ugliness n /ˈʌɡlinəs/ The product didn’t do well due to its ugliness.
unbreakable adj /ʌnˈbreɪkəbl/ Their new laptops are completely unbreakable.
underdeveloped adj /ˌʌndədɪˈveləpt/ This part of the city is very poor and underdeveloped.
useful adj /ˈjuːsfl/ The instructions were very useful.
waterproof adj /ˈwɔːtəpruːf/ My watch is waterproof.
weakness n /ˈwiːknəs/ His one weakness was his arrogance.

advert (advertisement / /ˈædvɜːt, Can you think of a recent advert which made you not want to ever buy the product?
ad) n ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt, æd/
airbrush v /ˈeəbrʌʃ/ A model was so heavily airbrushed that her waist appeared to be smaller than her head.
belongings n pl /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/ I packed all my belongings and left.
block v /blɒk/ The manager blocked his suggestion because he didn’t like it.
brand n /brænd/ What brand of cigarettes do you prefer?
celebrity endorser n /səˈlebrətɪ ɪnˌdɔːsə(r)/ A celebrity endorser can help increase the sales of a product.
commercial n /kəˈmɜːʃl/ TV and radio commercials cannot make false claims about a product.
consist of v /kənˈsɪst əv/ The company consists of four main departments.
despite prep /dɪˈspaɪt/ He’s decided to carry on working despite being 65.
even though /ˈiːvn ðəʊ/ Even though the product is expensive, many people will still buy one.
for prep /fɔː(r), fə(r)/ It was probably produced for young men.
gift n /ɡɪft/ Small free gifts are often given with big purchases.
however adv /haʊˈevə(r)/ I’m going to buy it however expensive it is!
image n /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ Experts warned of the negative effect these kinds of images might have.
in order to /ɪn ˈɔːdə tə/ The photo has been airbrushed in order to make her skin look perfect.
in spite of /ɪn ˈspaɪt əv/ In spite of a huge marketing campaign, the product was not successful.
ingredient n /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ The product’s ingredients are on the label.
must-have n /ˈmʌst hæv/ Everyone wants one of those products. It’s a must-have.
neighbourhood n /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ New York has some very dangerous neighbourhoods.
ordinary adj /ˈɔːdnri/ During the week these men have ordinary jobs and they’re model citizens.
poverty n /ˈpɒvəti/ Poverty can be a problem in a city that is growing quickly.
progress v /prəˈɡres/ The business is going digital to progress further.
reasonable adj /ˈriːznəbl/ Many reasonable-looking restaurants have very expensive wine lists.
relatively adv /ˈrelətɪvli/ There is also relatively low unemployment compared to other big cities in the world.
satisfactory adj /ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri/ Our accommodation isn’t satisfactory.
so as to /ˈsəʊ əz tə/ I went to the bank so as to talk to my bank manager.
so that /ˈsəʊ ðət/ Dark colours are used so that it makes the product look cool.
statement n /ˈsteɪtmənt/ This ruling eventually made it illegal for celebrities to make false statements of fact in
advertisements.
status n /ˈsteɪtəs/ Even though Paul Feldman had high status and earned a good salary, he was bored
with his job.
sue v /suː/ Lauren threatened to sue a blogger who was the first person to publish and comment
on the image online.
transport n /ˈtrænspɔːt/ There has been a rise in the number of people using public transport.
trouble n /ˈtrʌbl/ I got in a lot of trouble at school.
whatever det, pron /wɒtˈevə(r)/ Whatever I give her, it’s always the wrong thing.
wherever adv /weərˈevə(r)/ Please sit wherever you like.
whichever det, pron /wɪtʃˈevə(r)/ I’ll go by bus or train, whichever is cheaper.
whoever pron /huːˈevə(r)/ There is a prize for whoever can answer the question first.

agricultural adj /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ What agricultural products are produced in your country?
almost always /ˌɔːlməʊst ˈɔːlweɪz/ I almost always leave home at 8 a.m., but not every day.
bagel n /ˈbeɪɡl/ My daughter likes bagels for breakfast.
battle n /ˈbætl/ So began an epic legal battle which the FTC ultimately lost.
construct v /kənˈstrʌkt/ There are even driving schools constructed on top of buildings.
contrast n /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ As a complete contrast to Tokyo, Marr takes us to Mexico City, a colourful and
vibrant city of about 20 million people.
divide n /dɪˈvaɪd/ There is a huge social divide. On one hillside we see massive, luxurious houses and on
the next hill, slums.
entire adj /ɪnˈtaɪə(r)/ By the end of the century three-quarters of the entire planet will be urban.
harbour n /ˈhɑːbə(r)/ They went down to the harbour to see if they had fresh fish.
helicopter n /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ As Marr flew over Tokyo in a helicopter he saw football pitches and playgrounds on
top of buildings.
incident n /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ The incident made him leave his job.
intact adj /ɪnˈtækt/ These walls are amazing – they’re completely intact even after the war.
Islamic adj /ɪzˈlæmɪk/ The Museum of Islamic Art has a whole lot of pieces from Muslim times.
leftovers n pl /ˈleftəʊvəz/ I usually eat the leftovers from dinner for lunch the next day.
massive adj /ˈmæsɪv/ On one hillside we see massive, luxurious houses and on the next hill, slums.
momentous adj /məˈmentəs/ He took a momentous decision. He resigned from his job.
Muslim adj /ˈmʊzləm/ A mosque is where Muslim people go to worship.
policy n /ˈpɒləsi/ The manager called a meeting so as to explain the new policy.
pop-up n /ˈpɒp ʌp/ Website pop-up adverts always get my attention.
proportion n /prəˈpɔːʃn/ The biggest proportion of people eat cereal for breakfast.
refund n /ˈriːfʌnd/ Sorry, we don’t give refunds. You can’t get your money back.
reinforced adj /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːst/ There are boutiques which sell tops that look normal but are in fact bulletproof, made
of reinforced Kevlar.
slum n /slʌm/ Millions of people live in slums without basic facilities.
spam n /spæm/ I get so much spam in my email inbox.
subscription n /səbˈskrɪpʃn/ I have a subscription to the magazine.
unintentionally adv /ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənəli/ I’m sorry I offended you. I did it unintentionally.
unthinkable adj /ʌnˈθɪŋkəbl/ The idea of late trains is almost unthinkable.
vibrant adj /ˈvaɪbrənt/ Mexico City is a colourful and vibrant city where people live their lives in the street.
File 10
acceptable adj /əkˈseptəbl/ Do you think it is acceptable for animals to be used in experiments?
acid n /ˈæsɪd/ A diamond can be destroyed by either intense heat or acid.
air n /eə(r)/ When we breathe out, some of that air is oxygen.
anaesthetic n /ˌænəsˈθetɪk/ I was given an anaesthetic before my operation.
beforehand adv /bɪˈfɔːhænd/ I intended it as a surprise so I didn’t say anything beforehand.
biologist n /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ A biologist studies the structure of living organisms.
bits and pieces /bɪts ən ˈpiːsɪz/ I didn’t buy much, just a few bits and pieces.
blood transfusion n /ˈblʌd trænsˌfjuːʒn/ After she lost a lot of blood the doctors performed a blood transfusion.
clinical trial n /ˌklɪnɪkl ˈtraɪəl/ People can volunteer to be guinea pigs in clinical trials.
disabled adj /dɪsˈeɪbld/ He contracted polio at the age of 51 which left him disabled.
discovery n /dɪˈskʌvəri/ Archimedes made an important discovery in his bath.
donor n /ˈdəʊnə(r)/ Hospitals need donors to give blood for operations.
gas n /ɡæs/ Helium gas can be found in both liquid and solid form.
geneticist n /dʒəˈnetɪsɪst/ A geneticist is a scientist who studies genetics.
give and take /ɡɪv ən ˈteɪk/ Every relationship needs a bit of give and take.
ideal n /aɪˈdiːəl/ I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society.
imprison v /ɪmˈprɪzn/ Several suffragettes had been imprisoned for attacking policeman.
inhale v /ɪnˈheɪl/ To prove its safety he inhaled its vapour for a minute.
intense adj /ɪnˈtens/ A diamond can be destroyed by either intense heat or acid.
issue n /ˈɪʃuː/ It’s important to know about sensitive local issues.
laboratory n /ləˈbɒrətri/ Scientists carry out experiments in a laboratory.
law and order /lɔːr ən ˈɔːdə(r)/ The army were called in to restore law and order.
leap n /liːp/ That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.
malaria n /məˈleəriə/ He got malaria after he was bitten by a mosquito.
mankind n /mænˈkaɪnd/ Shamanism is the oldest healing method of mankind.
now and again /naʊ ən əˈɡen, əˈɡeɪn/ I’ve been having headaches now and again.
nuclear adj /ˈnjuːkliə(r)/ Nuclear power is one of the main sources of energy in some countries.
physicist n /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ A physicist is a scientist who studies physics.
polio n /ˈpəʊliəʊ/ He contracted polio at the age of 51 which left him disabled.
presentation n /ˌpreznˈteɪʃn/ Have you ever had to make a speech or give a talk or presentation in front of a lot
of people?
radiation n /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/ Nuclear power is associated with the exposure to radiation.
rope n /rəʊp/ His invention caused his death when he was strangled by the ropes.
safe and sound /seɪf ən ˈsaʊnd/ Despite flying through a storm we arrived safe and sound.
sick and tired /sɪk ən ˈtaɪəd/ I’m sick and tired of hearing you complain.
side effect n /ˈsaɪd ɪˌfekt/ Scientists have to do a lot of research into the possible side effects of new drugs.
solid adj /ˈsɒlɪd/ Helium gas can be found in both liquid and solid form.
strangle v /ˈstræŋɡl/ His invention caused his death when he was strangled by the ropes.
tuberculosis n /tjuːˌbɜːkjuˈləʊsɪs/ Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease that affects the lungs.
ups and downs /ʌps ən ˈdaʊnz/ We’ve had our ups and downs, but now we get on really well.
wait and see /weɪt ən ˈsiː/ You’ll have to wait and see what’s for lunch.

activist n /ˈæktɪvɪst/ Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in jail for being an activist in the fight against
apartheid.
additive n /ˈædətɪv/ There were several deaths from lead poisoning at the factory where the additive was
produced.
all det /ɔːl/ All fruit contains sugar.
all (of) the pron /ɔːl (əv) ðə/ All of the animals in this zoo look sad.
any det, pron /ˈeni/ Come any weekend!
apartheid n /əˈpɑːtaɪt, əˈpɑːteɪt/ Apartheid in South Africa gave white people more rights than others.
astronaut n /ˈæstrənɔːt/ Before Neil Armstrong became an astronaut he worked for the navy.
autograph n /ˈɔːtəɡrɑːf/ Many people collect autographs of famous people.
barber n /ˈbɑːbə(r)/ I get my hair cut by the same barber as my brother.
bumpy adj /ˈbʌmpi/ He had a bumpy start to his career and was fired from many jobs.
cosmetics n pl /kɒzˈmetɪks/ Does it make a difference if the experiments are for medical research or for cosmetics
testing?
council n /ˈkaʊnsl/ People are complaining because the council have refused to build a new hospital.
defend v /dɪˈfend/ We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be.
democratic adj /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/ I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live
together in harmony.
desert n /ˈdezət/ Two passengers made the pilot land in the desert.
diamond n /ˈdaɪəmənd/ A diamond can be destroyed by either intense heat or acid.
distracting adj /dɪˈstræktɪŋ/ There were too many distracting graphics. I couldn’t concentrate.
either det, pron /ˈaɪðə(r)/ Marie Curie wanted to study either physics or mathematics.
electron n /ɪˈlektrɒn/ In direct current, the electrons move only in one direction.
every det /ˈevri/ Every door was closed.
everybody pron /ˈevribɒdi/ Everybody arrived on time.
everything pron /ˈevriθɪŋ/ Everything is expensive.
exquisitely adv /ɪkˈskwɪzɪtli/ We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology.
flow v /fləʊ/ The River Danube flows into the Black Sea.
harmony n /ˈhɑːməni/ I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live
together in harmony.
intolerable adj /ɪnˈtɒlərəbl/ It is only people who feel an intolerable sense of oppression who would adopt a
means of that kind.
invalid n /ˈɪnvəlɪd/ The accident left him an invalid for the last two decades of his life.
invasion n /ɪnˈveɪʒn/ A German invasion of Britain was expected at any moment in 1940.
lawsuit n /ˈlɔːsuːt/ He filed a lawsuit against his record company.
lead n /led/ Lead was added to petrol to make car engines less noisy.
lightning n /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ The tree was hit by lightning in the storm.
means n pl /miːnz/ He tries to get what he wants by any means.
most of pron /ˈməʊst əv/ She’s right most of the time.
myth n /mɪθ/ Do you know any other things that some people think are scientific facts, but are
really myths?
navy n /ˈneɪvi/ Many countries have an army, airforce, and navy.
neither det, pron /ˈnaɪðə(r)/ Neither Pierre nor Marie were aware of the dangers of radiation.
nitrogen n /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/ During this time he also permanently damaged his eyes in a nitrogen trichloride
explosion.
none pron /nʌn/ Is there any food? No, none.
obstacle n /ˈɒbstəkl/ We will never give up no matter what obstacles stand in our way.
railing n /ˈreɪlɪŋ/ They were imprisoned for chaining themselves to railings outside the Prime Minister’s
house in London.
resist v /rɪˈzɪst/ However long it takes, we will resist the enemy and we will never give up.
rubber adj /ˈrʌbə(r)/ He wore a rubber mask to scare his sister.
stamina n /ˈstæmɪnə/ My brother has neither the energy nor the stamina to run a marathon.
suffragette n /ˌsʌfrəˈdʒet/ Emmeline Pankhurst was the leader of the suffragette movement in 1913.
surrender v /səˈrendə(r)/ We shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never
surrender.
toxic adj /ˈtɒksɪk/ Toxic substances cause damage to the environment.
tyre n /ˈtaɪə(r)/ Rubber tyres protect a car from lightning.
vapour n /ˈveɪpə(r)/ He inhaled its vapour for a minute.
various adj /ˈveəriəs/ He had various jobs before becoming a chemist.
volcano n /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ Mount Vesuvius is a volcano in south west Italy.
withstand v /wɪðˈstænd/ Nothing can withstand the power of millions of voices calling for change.

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E N G L I S H F I L E T H I R D E D I T I O N U P P E R - I N T E R M E D I AT E i T U T O R

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