“THE ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS IN INFRASTRUCTURES

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE FUTURE”

SY 2020-2021

SHEILA MAE ADLAWAN

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION
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METHODOLOGY-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
HAPTER PAGE

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ABSTRACT

Civil engineers understand the realities of finite natural resources, the need for

sustainable practices, and the necessity for social equality in resource usage. Engineers are

increasingly being called upon to take the lead in sustainable development, tackling global

difficulties such as resource depletion, pollution, and population expansion.

Ecosystem destruction. Engineering advances in the twentieth century were

produced without regard for their influence on social, economic, and environmental

natural systems. Considering the challenges that our world is facing now, as well as the

those that are predicted to emerge in the first half of the twenty-first century,

Engineers must change their thinking and embrace a new mission statement in the twenty-

first century: to contribute to the creation of a world that is more sustainable, stable, and

egalitarian. Engineers must change their perspective toward natural and cultural systems

and reassess interactions between engineering disciplines, non-technical domains, and

society for this to happen. The purpose of this study is to present a framework, Including

the notion of sustainable infrastructure, which is critical to green building grading systems.

Civil engineers can propose proactive solutions to competitive global infrastructures by

gaining a deeper knowledge of sustainability.

INTRODUCTION

In a varied world, sustainable development incorporates multidisciplinary capabilities

and interprets cultural diversity as a crucial component or a new strategy for long-term

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growth. In addition, this meets human demands while maintaining the health and
productivity of natural systems. The divide between science and engineering is one of the
first points of misunderstanding, especially among individuals who are not engineers or
scientists. Scientists are primarily concerned with expanding their knowledge and
understanding of the physical universe. In its purest form, science is the quest of knowledge.
Engineering is a blend of both. It makes sense without regard for society's requirements (or
perceived needs), whereas science makes sense without regard for society's needs (or
interpreted needs). Some have defined the current state of scientific study as curiosity-driven
research that is not always guided by societal ideals. Values in society (and the
consequences). Priorities do not always dictate the limits, extent, or direction of scientific
inquiry. Engineering bridges the gap between pure science and society. In contrast to science,
when it comes to constructing the environment in which we live,
Engineers must be prepared for all possibilities and outcomes within an "acceptable
threshold of risk" while planning, designing, building, manufacturing, maintaining, and
operating. Engineers have made significant contributions to society, yet they are a
misunderstood group whose efforts are sometimes undervalued. Engineering is responsible
for the delivery of most of the fundamental services of contemporary living, such as
electricity, flight, television, medical imaging, sewage networks, telephone networks, water
networks, and railway lines.

Societal
Engineering Scientific
Needs
Knowledge

Figure 1: Relationship between societal needs, scientific knowledge, and engineering

Engineers design, develop, and build the physical structures that civilization uses to live, work,
and play. As a result, to grasp and comprehend the engineer's position, we must evaluate the
engineer's interaction with society. The ability to think creatively problem-solving under
constraints, insights into the amount to which one may compromise, the ability to build intuitive
communication, the knowledge to recognize dangerous or failure scenarios, and the ability to

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respond quickly – these are the qualities required of a dependable engineer, who combines not
only math, natural sciences, but also social sciences. Moral ideals and ethics, as well as creativity
and innovation, are universal attributes. Unlike science, which is not constrained by urgent
societal requirements and is driven by curiosity or an inherent passion to solving nature's
complicated complexity and/or seeking solutions to natural phenomena, engineering has an
essential link with society. If given the chance, 21st-century engineers may be able to create a
sustainable world in balance with natural forces to address some of the inventible global crises.
2.ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS IN 20th CENTURY AND FUTURE CHALLENGES

Humanity has always attempted to overcome boundaries, overcome problems, and create
chances that better life in our part of the universe, from centers to remote corners of the
Earth, the depths of the oceans to space. Many Great Engineering Achievements have
become so normal in the last century that we now take them for granted. For much of the
globe, technology allows for an ample supply of food and safe drinking water. For many of
our everyday tasks, we rely on power. We can easily go throughout the world and deliver
goods and services wherever they are required. Expanding computer and communications
technologies are allowing access to massive amounts of information and entertainment. As
impressive as these engineering accomplishments are, there are undoubtedly many more
significant obstacles and possibilities to be achieved. While some appear to be definite,
many others are indistinct, and many more are undoubtedly beyond the reach of most of
our imaginations.
Despite its flaws, this technique resulted in some of the greatest technical feats of the
nineteenth and especially the twentieth century. Civil and environmental engineers, for
example, have made significant contributions to enhancing the human situation on Earth
by increasing sanitation, developing water resources, and constructing transportation
networks.
Engineering technology has improved significantly in the twentieth century, particularly in
the fields of design, information technology (IT), building, manufacturing, robotics,
sophisticated materials, and problem-solving engineering management systems. The
following are some of the new and improved technologies:

Nuclear technologies - a new source of electric power, as well as new capabilities in medical
research and imaging, as well as unjustified military applications.

Lasers and fiber optics - laser pulses are employed in industrial instruments, medical gadgets,
satellites, and a variety of other items. A single fiber-optic cable, for example, may carry tens of
millions of phone calls, data files, and video pictures in communications.

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Petroleum and gas technologies - provide fuel for automobiles, homes, and businesses. From
aspirin to zippers, petrochemicals are employed in a variety of items. Oil exploration and
processing engineering. Petroleum products have a huge influence on the economy, people,
environment, and politics of the globe.
Medical technology - Medical practitioners have access to a wide range of diagnostic and
treatment tools. Artificial organs, replacement joints, and biomaterials are just a handful of the
designed goods that help millions of people live better lives.
Imaging technologies - Imaging technologies have broadened our vision's scope. Engineering
improvements in imaging technology have enabled us to probe the human body, map ocean
depths, and follow weather patterns.
Exploration of space - the creation of spacecraft has increased our knowledge and capacities.
Thousands of beneficial goods and services, such as medical gadgets and wireless
communications, have come from the space program.
Agricultural mechanization - agricultural machinery such as tractors, cultivators, combines,
and dozens of other items enhanced farm efficiency and output substantially.
Electronics - are the foundation for a plethora of technologies, including CD players, televisions,
and computers. Engineers have reduced the size, power, and efficiency of electronics by using
vacuum tubes, transistors, and integrated circuits.
Aeronautics - contemporary air travel swiftly transports commodities and people throughout the
world, allowing for personal, cultural, and commercial connection.
Automobiles - may be the world's most important mode of people and goods transportation, as
well as a significant source of economic growth and stability. The vehicle is a demonstration of
engineering prowess from the twentieth century, with advancements in design, manufacture, and
safety.
Electrification - has had an influence food production and processing, air conditioning and
heating, refrigeration, entertainment, transportation, communication, health care, and computers
are just a few of the many industries

Most prior engineering successes were produced without regard for their social, economic, or
environmental effects on natural systems. Minimizing the danger and extent of unintended or
unwanted disturbances in natural systems coupled with engineered systems received little
consideration.
The globe is growing more crowded, more consuming, more polluted, and more connected as the
human population grows. Humans are affecting the Earth's natural systems at unprecedented
rates at all sizes, from local to global, according to a growing body of evidence. This has
highlighted the importance of striking a balance between meeting the requirements of an
exponentially growing population and protecting our ecosystems' carrying capacity as well as

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biological and cultural variety. What should be done now and soon to guarantee that all humans
have access to fundamental requirements such as water, sanitation, nutrition, health, safety, and
meaningful work Typically, these pledges are referred to as "Millennium Development Goals."
The world is now much more complex, and the number of engineers in the world makes it more
difficult for anyone engineer to stand out.

3. ENGINEERS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

A procedure that can be sustained at a specific level indefinitely is said to be sustainable.
From an environmental standpoint, the word refers to the possible lifespan of essential
human ecological support systems, including as the planet's climate system, agricultural,
industrial, forestry, and fisheries systems, and human societies in general, as well as the
different systems on which they rely.
Sustainability is a decision-making method that evaluates the linkages and implications of
economic, social, and environmental issues on the quality of life of current and future
generations. It is a dynamic and growing concept that aspires to be participative,
transparent, egalitarian, informed, and responsible as a process.

The process of shifting human activities to a pattern that can be sustained in perpetuity is
known as sustainable development. It is a way of looking at environmental and
development concerns that seeks to balance human demands with the planet's ability to
deal with the repercussions of human activity.
Sustainable development is defined as a community that maintains, enhances, or improves
its environmental, social, cultural, and economic resources to support current and future
community members in leading healthy, productive, and happy lives (Elkington, 1994).

Engineering engages with all parts of society; it contextualizes concepts from math and
physics via social and economic issues before applying them as real outputs in society. It is
critical that engineering recognizes social and environmental restrictions, rather than just
conforming to economic requirements. The exclusively commercial impact has been the
engineering paradigm standard, which has resulted in the difficulties described above.
An engineer should never feel compelled to breach the principle of Sustainable
Development to execute a project ethically. When an engineer violates the principle of
Sustainable Development in a project the scale of a manufacturing plant, or any project,
they endanger the public's safety, health, and well-being while potentially harming the
environment. Knowingly doing this is not only immoral, but it may even be deemed illegal
in certain situations. At no point could a breach of Sustainability and Civil Engineering
sustainable development be used to solve problems faced in engineering practice.

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Engineering is an essential subject for environmental awareness and sustainability. Those
working in this area often build or run systems that use energy and resources in a
sustainable manner, therefore contributing to the long-term viability of our environment
and the human species. An engineer who practices sustainable development should never
feel immoral. During the design stages of a manufacturing plant, an engineer has
performed ethically if he or she has taken all proper efforts to obtain the information
required from all relevant parties to offer a customer with a sound design. In providing a
customer with a design that satisfies their aims, sustainable development should constantly
consider what is best for society and best for the environment.

Engineers are increasingly expected to take on leadership positions in sustainable

development, striving to tackle global issues such as resource depletion, pollution,
ecological degradation, and the impacts of fast population expansion.
Professional engineers play a critical role in achieving sustainability. They seek to improve
welfare, health, and safety while using as little natural resources as possible and paying
close attention to the environment and resource sustainability. The opportunities and
difficulties that bring about sustainability have an impact on their job. Engineers give ideas
and solutions that enhance societal value while minimizing environmental damage. There
are certain significant difficulties because of the negative consequences of environmental
degradation, resource depletion, fast population increase, and ecological harm. As a result,
a strictly environmental strategy is insufficient, and engineers are increasingly expected to
embrace a broader viewpoint that includes aims such as Poverty reduction, social fairness,
and local and global linkages are all priorities.

Globalization provides significant opportunity for engineers to drive change by exchanging

knowledge and best practices. Engineers' leadership and influence in attaining
sustainability should not be overlooked. This will increasingly be done as part of
interdisciplinary teams that include non-engineers and work that transcends national
borders. The primary objective of sustainable development is to enable all people
throughout the world to meet their fundamental requirements and enjoy an enhanced and
better quality of life without jeopardizing the quality of life for future generations.
Sustainable development is based on two concepts: the requirements and restrictions
imposed by technology, as well as current and future demands. To achieve sustainable
development, the following concepts have been agreed upon:
• pursuing environmental objectives
• ensuring that society is robust, healthy, and just
• encouraging good governance
• establishing a self-sustaining economy

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• applying sound science in a responsible manner

4.SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Infrastructure, particularly water, waste, energy, and transportation infrastructure, is
inextricably linked to economic growth, people's lives, and environmental sustainability.
Given the inability of cash-strapped public utilities to provide financial resources for
development and private sector participation in infrastructure development, it is critical
that development resources are directed towards sustainable development.
Economic expansion, it is time to reconsider infrastructure building, taking into
consideration eco-efficiency and resource conservation during the facility's lifetime. In this
process, the notion of Green Growth, particularly ecoefficiency, must be included into
infrastructure development strategies throughout the life cycle.
Infrastructure is a collection of structural features that support daily operations and
impact the direction of human civilization. Sustainable infrastructure refers to the design,
construction, and operation of these structural elements in ways that do not jeopardize the
social, economic, and ecological processes essential to preserve human fairness, variety, and
natural system performance.

According to the World Bank (1994) infrastructure may give significant advantages in
terms of economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability—but only
if it provides services that respond to effective and efficient needs.

As the world prepares for a new reality because of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an
urgent need to reconsider how we might reconstruct the global economy and society to
ensure a more robust and sustainable future. We should be cognizant of our influence on
the earth and our vulnerability to global challenges now more than ever. Resilience,
mitigation, readiness, and long-term growth are key priorities in boardrooms, legislative
chambers, and the public sphere. Infrastructure is being prioritized by governments
throughout the world as a method of boosting economic growth. Prioritization of green
infrastructure projects through mechanisms standards can assist to guarantee that we
emerge from the COVID-19 crisis well prepared to deal with immediate dangers such as
climate change.

Sustainable infrastructure has overlapping benefits from physical, environmental, economic and
social perspectives. Sustainable infrastructure may also assist nations in meeting their national
objectives, which are outlined in each country's intended nationally determined contribution (or

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INDC). Infrastructure and sustainable transportation are key topics for many nations'
submissions, according to the 2015 Synthesis Report on INDCs.

In a broader sense, sustainable infrastructure investment may contribute to economic

growth, community well-being, and financial benefits.

ENVIRONMENTAL
*Migration and adaptation to
climate change

*Lowered pollution

5. The Future of Sustainable Development

With an ever-increasing need for transportation infrastructure, a growing population,
and worries about global warming, training young engineers on the notion of sustainable
development has never been more crucial. Today's civil engineering student is bombarded
with messages about the need of sustainable development from all sides.
It would be unethical for a university or professor to not include sustainable development
in their curriculum. It is the responsibility of that institution and each faculty member to
guarantee that students are taught on how to practice sustainable development. On the
other hand, it is the ethical obligation of the student to bring the notion of sustainable
development into their professional lives. They must comprehend the significance of
sustainable development and how it must be applied to their future careers.

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 METHODOLOGY
The notion of developing a structure that is in tune with nature is on the aesthetic side of green
architecture or sustainable design. With the surrounding natural features and resources There are
many critical phases in the design of sustainable buildings: select green' construction materials
sourced locally, minimize loads, optimize systems, and create renewable energy on-site.
sustainable development is not just one method of practice, but that it is your ethical
responsibility as an engineer to apply this method into all your work
Practicing sustainable construction methods will help avoiding harmful effects
from construction activities.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The sustainable development of cities and urban infrastructure, addressed via the constructive
interplay of environmental, economic, and social variables, is an urgent challenge confronting
the globe today. Sustainability priorities include integrated problems that address environmental
protection, energy efficiency, optimized mobility, e-city technology, and other fostering issues,
including those that appear throughout all building life cycles, and deal with various levels of
management and interest groups with various goals. These are multi-criteria group decision-
making issues, mathematically speaking. In other words, the multi-criteria issues stemmed from
the multidimensionality paradigm, which was influenced by the concept of sustainable
development.
The capacity of multi-criteria decision-making systems to solve challenges with competing aims
is their most significant asset. The same is true for sustainable development as it is for design.
In general, civil engineers choose objective solutions that are unaffected by the review process.
Due to the unpredictability of human judgment, real-world issues are rarely precisely specified;
hence, the extension of traditional approaches permitting decision-making in uncertain situations
has emerged. Despite the obvious disadvantages, this strategy remains one of the most
popular. Popular in technical and economic growth, including decision-making based on several
factors
There is no single correct answer, but there are several that are incorrect. This may be unsettling
territory for both student and professor, especially if their learning experience has mostly been
one in which each problem was anticipated to lead to a singularly decisive answer. It's

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dangerous. In such cases, under some situations, the lecturer may feel it is safer to stay on the
lectern rather than venture into regions of the solution domain where there is less familiarity and
assurance. This inclination prevents the adoption of a more process/issues-based approach to
investigating the appropriateness and bounds of solutions. It can also result in a more
comfortable and predictable learning experience for the learner, but one that is ultimately less
gratifying and exciting.
The idea and design stages are the bedrock of every building project. The idea stage is one of the
most important stages in the project life cycle since it has the greatest influence on cost and
performance. The objective function in designing ecologically optimum buildings is to minimize
the total environmental effect associated with all life-cycle stages of the construction project. The
process of creating sustainable structures begins with adequate site selection. The location of a
building affects a variety of environmental factors, including security, accessibility, and energy
consumption, as well as the energy consumed by occupants' transportation needs for commuting,
the impact on local ecosystems, and the use/reuse of existing structures and infrastructures.
Buildings should be in regions of current development where infrastructure is available if
practicable existing buildings can be renovated to save resources and reduce the environmental
impact of a project.

CONCLUSION

Engineers play a key role in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of a
sustainable future. Engineers serve as a link between science and society. Engineers must
aggressively promote and engage in interdisciplinary teams with other professionals in this
jobto successfully handle the concerns and challenges of sustainable development, such as
ecologists, economists, and sociologists.
Science, engineering, and technology have dominated the creation of the contemporary
world, and the position of the engineer is inextricably related to societal requirements.
Unfortunately, engineers are either hesitant when it comes to public relations or bad
communicators of their accomplishment. Technology and innovation will be critical in the
transition to a low-carbon economy with sustainable infrastructure. Building energy and
water management are being transformed by the internet of things. Footfalls are being
tracked to improve real-time traffic management. In reaction to usage, smart roadways
turn on and off illumination. In Rio, the mayor has enlisted the help of IBM to develop an
ambitious citywide program that would pool data from approximately 30 departments to
discover patterns, trends, and crisis areas.

In theory, there is no scarcity of funding for long-term infrastructure. Banks, funds,

multilaterals, green bond providers, and equity investors are lining up to give financing in
recognition of predictable returns and stakeholder interest, if the tenor, price, and risks are

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appropriate. Because prominent scientists tend to discover medications, they appear to be
perceived in a more altruistic light by society. The word engineer as used in this work
refers to any professional scientist, technologist, or engineer who uses her skill sets and
training to build practical real-world applications. The twenty-first century will be defined
by some of the enormous difficulties that mankind is currently confronting. Among
concerns are energy and food security, natural resource competition and scarcity, and
climate change. These difficulties will confront this year's engineering graduates
throughout their careers.

The extensive study indicated today, the most important application domains in the
research fields of civil engineering and construction building technology were sustainable
construction and construction technology. The quantity of articles in these two domains
accounts for up to half of the sample. Building structures and systems, construction
management, and retrofitting are the next three most important fields, accounting for
around 11% of the total number. The investigation reveals that the analytical approach
was largely employed throughout the time under consideration. The current study's
findings indicate that the sustainable development for civil engineering technique is quite
beneficial.
Decision support in the construction sector for evaluating design and technical options in
terms of sustainability, vulnerability, and other critical factors.

The purpose of the paper was to present the theme problem and describe the most recent
research in the topic under consideration. Therefore, the study gives a better grasp of
recent research orientations in issues such as sustainable development and building
engineering, and it can help with future research and information gathering. According to
the study, decision-making approaches have evolved over the previous three years, and
their use has had a good impact. The incorporation of multi-criteria decision-making
procedures as a robust and adaptable instrument for analyzing viable alternatives allows
for a more accurate selection of a rational solution, taking into consideration the inevitable
trade-offs that exist between the numerous candidate solutions. The clear efforts to
combine multiple strategies demonstrate that the scientific community is still looking for
the optimal mix of decision-making methods for solving real situations. As a result, this
research aids in forecasting future paths for the development of multi-criteria decision-
making approaches. Thus, soon, the new generation intends to conduct a comparative
study and a more thorough assessment of current techniques, such as a comparison of
prior approaches in terms of pros and drawbacks. Given the foregoing, it is reasonable to
predict that this work will be used as a foundation for future research by academics.

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