USING THINK,PAIR AND SHARE TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S

SPEAKING SKILL

Arranged by :
Dio Anindio
Delia Rizki Rahmadianti

Lecturer:
Yuyun Hendrety, S.Pd, M.Pd

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
TRIDINANTI UNIVERSITY
PALEMBANG
2024
I. INTRODUCTION

Language is an absolute necessity in formal education because it is used To

communicate with others. The students can communicate with one another By
using language. English is both international and a foreign language. It is Critical
to be fluent in this language. English, as an international language, has Long played
an important role in many aspects of life, including the trade, Education,
international relations, and so on. Learning English as early as Possible can help
Indonesians compete on a global scale. English is required The subject in
senior/junior high school in Indonesia. Listening, speaking, Reading, and writing
are the four skills.

Furthermore, Betram (2020) states that oral language is a Very important

link in the process of students’ learning and thinking Development. The oral
language serves as a foundation for the development of Other language skills.
Children learn to organize their thoughts and focus their Ideas as they talk about
themselves and their experiences. Betram (2013) also Adds that it is important to
provide opportunities for oral language to continue To grow in the classroom from
those foundations. Oral language is an Important means of learning and acquiring
knowledge before the students Achieve proficiency in reading and writing. In fact,
oral language skills areessential for communicating ideas and having intelligent
conversations Throughout one’s life.

Speaking is an important skill for communication students to master;The

ability to speak or communicate with others is essential. People should be Able to
express their thoughts, opinions, feelings, and ideas through language. Brown
(2021) points out that “speaking is an interactive Process of constructive meaning
that involves producing and receiving and Processing information”. In speaking,
the students learn how to organize Ideas, arrange sentences, and express language
in spoken form with good Pronunciation and comprehensible language.

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 According to Fulcher (2019) Speaking is the verbal use of language to
Communicate with others, the purposes for which we wish to communicate With
others are so large that they are innumerable, and as not just a book about Human
needs and desires we will not even attempt to provide examples. It Means that
speaking is distinct from the other four skills in language learning Because the other
three language skills can be performed independently. As a Result, if people want
to be competent in English, they must be confident in Their ability to convey their
ideas effectively. To help students improve their Speaking skills, the teacher should
have them practice speaking English every Day or as often as possible. The teacher
can manage the students’ speaking Practice, or the teacher can simply ask the class
leader to manage the students’speaking English practice.

Based on the Curriculum 2013, speaking has purposes to make the Students be able
to communicate in interpersonal, transactional, and functional About self, family,
people, animals and things, concretely and imaginatively With their life and their
daily activities at home, school and society.

Based on the syllabus in curriculum 2013, The students should be able to know and
understand about social function, Generic structures, and the language features of
the text or genre. It means in Speaking, the students have to be able to perform with
correct language feature of appropriate expressions of ability and will in which the
students are able to Use of nominal and plural or without (e.g.: a, the, this, those,
my, those, etc), And modal (e.g.: can, will).

However, not only the subject that the students have to be mastered but Also the
components of speaking. That is why learning English (the students Have to speak
to be able of English) and also learning the other subject is very Difficult for them.
Because of these phenomena, the students are unable to Meet the minimum learning
achievement, resulting in failure. This case is being caused by a slew of factors. The
writter concludes that students' problems make it difficult for them to master
speaking skills and to achieve the schools’ minimum learning achievement. Many
factors that made the students difficult to speak English. According to Ur (1996)
many factors made students difficult in speaking such as inhibition, nothing to say,
low participation and mother tongue used. Based on the background mention above,

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the writter wants to know the students’ problem in English speaking skills and the
researcher is Interested in writing a paper and the title is “USING THINK,PAIR
AND SHARE TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S SPEAKING SKILL”

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II. DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Speaking skill

Speaking is a language skill or as a mean of communication in which one

can express his ideas or information to others in spoken form. It is a complex
language skill,because someone needs to find ideas or information then it is
arranged in a good order. According to Chomsky (in Brown, 2008: 33), speaking
skill is the capability to other the articulation to express, to state or deliver
though, opinion and wish to the other person. The People who know a language
are called as speakers of the language. Many activities of foreign language
learners are primary interest to speak. Chaney (1998:13) defines speaking skill
as “the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and
non-verbal symbols, in a variety of context”. When attempting to speak, learners
must master their thoughts and encode those ideas in the vocabulary and
Syntactic structures of the target language.

Another definition of speaking skill is “using language for purpose” (Baker,

Watsrup, 2003:7). It is involving some kinds of production on the part of
language user. It means that it is an ability of producing a language orally.
Speaking is a complex set of abilities that involves many components, including
pronunciation, listening, and Grammar skills. By mastering the components
involved in speaking. Speakers can produce a good spoken language.

Moreover, speaking is the active use of language to express meanings so

that other people can make sense of them (Cameron, 2001). Similarly, it is active,
productive, and makes use of the oral medium. In speaking activities, the speaker
and interlocutor have to understand with each other.

From the definition above, it can be concluded that speaking skill is a

language skill or a mean of communication in which one can express his ideas
or information in a good logical order and master the convention mechanics of
speaking (pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension).

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2.2 Types of Speaking

According to Brown in Ilham et al. (2020) there are five types of speaking,
they are : 1. Imitative, Immitative performance is simply the ability to parrot
(imitate) words or sentences. 2. Intensive, This type of speaking emphasizes
students’ linguistic skills, such as the mastery of Grammar and phonology
(including intonation, stress, rhythm, and juncture). 3. Responsive, Responsive
speaking is a type of speaking that emphasizes students’ ability to speak English
spontaneously, such as engaging in conversations, greeting others, and Engaging
in small talk. 4. Interactive, Interactive speaking is a type of speaking where the
speaker and listener actively Interact either directly or indirectly. Some examples
of interactive speaking are face To face conversation, daily dialogue. 5.
Extensive, Extensive speaking is monologue speaking. Some of the extensive
speaking Includes speeches, oral presentations, and story-telling.

2.3 Some Problem Related student speaking skill

According to Brown (2001: 270-271) there are some problem which make
Speaking difficult such as clustering means that not word by word but easy
speech is Phrasal. Through such clustering, students can categorize their output
both physicallyand cognitively (in breath groups). Next is redundancy, The
orator has a chance to make meaning more understandable through the
Redundancy of language and the Students can take advantage of the feature of
spoken language. Spoken language has several advantages that students can take
advantage of, such as the ability to think while speaking and overcome pauses
or corrections through the use of "fillers" such as "um", "you know", etc. The
use of these elements can help differentiate between native and non-native
speakers. In addition, intonation, rhythm and stress in English pronunciation are
very important because they convey important messages. Teaching students
about everyday language, including phrases, idioms and colloquial words, as
well as giving them opportunities to practice, is also vital to improving their
language skills.

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 According to Hosni (2014) identifies some Factors which cause speaking
difficulties as: students does not have motivation to Convey themselves, they are
worried making mistake and get criticism or get shy. They have limited time or
only a few participant can speak at the time because of Large classes and some
students will dominate speak in the class and others will speak Not at all or very
little. Students tend to use their mother tongue because it is easier And if they
use mother tongue, they will less exposed.

So from the explanation above, we know that some of students usually fell Shy
when they speak in front of their friends because they afraid of making mistakes
And their friends will insult them. So from those problems many students choose
to Silent than speak or speak by using mother tongue.

2.4 Factors influencing problem in speaking skill

According to yulizar (2020), based on the English teacher educator, the

students have the factors that influence students in learning speaking skills were:
pertinent factor, affective factor, listening factor, topical knowledge factor,
linguistics factor, motivation factor, feedback factor, culture factor, and identity
factor. It happens because students prefer to work under pressure, not confident,
do not understand what they are talking about, and are not given input from their
friends, so they are not optimal when practicing in front of the class. then they
are required to understand the topic being discussed, because that is what makes
their speaking skills increase besides they have mastered grammar,
pronunciation, and semantics. then it doesn't matter that they speak using accents
according to where they live as long as the spelling is appropriate. then learning
to speak in various cities will add insight into vocabulary and topics
of conversation.

The researcher are interested in examining the factors influencing students'

learning to speak for several reasons. First, every student has a different
personality when studying; therefore, the factors influencing them when learning
to speak are also different. The second is to assist students in overcoming their

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difficulties in learning to speak because each student must have different
difficulties when learning to speak.

The research about the factors that influence students' speaking skills. The
title is "An Analysis of Factors Influencing Student Speaking Skill at Tenth
Grade by Ari Yulizar (2020). This research used tenth grade of state senior high
school. He states that this research investigates the factors influencing students'
speaking skills in the tenth grade of State Senior High School. The analysis
results show that the students' speaking skill in learning English is low, and many
factors influence it:

1.) The students do not have a big passion and a strong incentive to learn
English.

2.) The students are not confident when they must present the material in
English in front of the class.

3.) The students feel they cannot speak English fluently.

4.) Most students do not have much vocabulary when speaking English.

5.) Most students feel they cannot speak English like native speakers.

6.) The teacher does not always. speak English when delivering English
lessons, which is not very interesting

7.) The student's families do not always give their support to learning
English.

8.) The students do not have many friends that can speak English
in the classroom.

Yaseen (2018) in his study entitled "Factors Negatively Affecting EFL

Students' Speaking Skills at Jordanian Private Schools" this research aims
at examining factors affecting grade 10 EFL Students in Jordanian Private
schools. The findings revealed that students encountered many difficulties

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 that caused these factors, such as anxiety, lack of motivation,
encouragement, fear of peer criticism, and the intense use of Arabic in class.

2.5 Using Think- Pair-Share strategy to improve to student speaking skill

The researcher used Think-Pair-Share to overcome the students problem in

speaking skill. Kenny, et al (2005) stated "Think-Pair-Share helps students
develop conceptual understanding of a topic". This strategy is developed by
Lyman (1981) in Slavin (2005: 257). This strategy is an effective way to change
learning circumstance in the classroom. It gives more time to the students to
think, to respond, and to help each other. Students think through three district
steps, as follow :

a. Think: Students think independently about the question that has been
posed, forming ideas of their own

b. Pair. Students are grouped in pairs to discuss their thoughts. This step
allows students to articulate their ideas and to consider those of others

c. Share: Students pairs share their ideas with a larger group, such as the
whole class. Often, students are more comfortable presenting ideas to a group
with the support of a partner. In addition, students' ideas have become more
refined through this three-step process.

The jurnal from Rosmawi, M.Zaim, Dermawati Radjab (2014: 8) The

Factors that influenced the improvement of students' speaking skill by using
Think- Pair-Share strategy. Using Think-Pair-Share as the strategy in solving the
teaching and learning problems in speaking had proved that there were
significant improvements on students speaking skill during two cycles. The
improvement was concluded through the data gathered from the result of the
speaking tests, observation, and interview. This research also revealed that there
were some factors that influenced the improvement of students' speaking through
Think-Pair-Share strategy. The factors involved the students motivation,
material, activity.

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a. Students' motivation
The first factor that influenced the changes of students speaking skill
was students' motivation. It was found that the students were
enthusiastic and interested in teaching and learning process. It indicated
that they were motivated through the activities that brought through the
strategy used. The students motivation in learning improved from one
meeting to others. The field notes results noted that the students asked
some question related to the lecturer's explanation. They participated in
their pair discussion. It could be seen that they paid attention to the
lecturer's explanation, responded while being asked, provided their ideas
about the topic given, and perform their performance. Those activities
happened since they were motivated and interested in learning process.
As a result, because of their high motivation in learning and teaching
process, their speaking skill was better.
b. Material
The second factor that influenced the changes of students' speaking skill
was the materials used during the teaching. The materials were
interesting to be used in teaching speaking skill. The class became
comfortable and the students feel confident where the lecturer motivated
them to communicate each other which an interesting material.
c. The last factor that influenced the improvement of students' speaking
skill was the classroom activities. The variation activities done by the
researcher could lead the students to become more active in the
classroom. They did not feel bored during the teaching and learning
process. The variations of activities also made the classroom atmosphere
more effective in improving the students' ability in speaking skill.

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 III. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, speaking is a complex language skill that involves expressing ideas

or information in a logical order and mastering the conventions of speaking.
Students often face difficulties in speaking due to various factors, including lack of
motivation, fear of making mistakes, large classes, and dominance of some students
in the class. To improve students' speaking skills, the Think-Pair-Share strategy can
be an effective way to change learning circumstances in the classroom by giving
more time to students to think, respond, and help each other. Factors that influence
the improvement of students' speaking skills through Think-Pair-Share strategy
include students' motivation, material, and activities.

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 IV. CONCLUSION

Ari yulizar. (2020). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Student Speaking Skill at

Tenth Grade of State Senior High School 2 Kampar. Retrieved from
https://www.akademika.id/artikel/10.21045/akademika.v11i2.5681

Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language

pedagogy. Pearson Education.

Hosni, M. (2014). Factors Affecting Speaking Ability of EFL Learners. Journal of

Language and Linguistics, 4(2), 122-128.

Ilham, A. N., Sari, D., & Wijayanti, D. (2020). The Effect of Think-Pair-Share
Strategy on Speaking Skills of the Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 1 Cikarang.
Retrieved from https://jurnal.unair.ac.id/index.php/JPL/article/view/5353

Kenny, D. J., Zhang, L., & Krepfle, E. (2005). Think-pair-share: A collaborative

learning approach to teaching and learning. Journal of Extension, 43(6), Article
6RIB6.

Nisreen Basem Yaseen (2018) Factors Negatively Affecting EFL Students'

Speaking Skills at Jordanian Private Schools. International Journal of English
Linguistics, 8(3), 685-696.

Rosmawi, M.Zaim, Dermawati Radjab (2014). The Factors that influenced the
improvement of students' speaking skill by using Think- Pair-Share strategy.
Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335039559_The_Factors_that_influence
d_the_improvement_of_students'_speaking_skill_by_using_Think-Pair-
Share_strategy

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