Assignment - Telecommunication Principles

Name- R.P.
Shanika Tharindra
NIC-945341491V
Bridging Program 2021 - Assignment
Module: Telecommunication Principles
1.Purpose of a transducer
Answer: Transducer in a microphone detect sound waves and convert the sound wave in to an electrical
signal. As microphone produce electrical analog signals that proportional to the sound waves
transducers identify that electrical signal and convert to sound.
2.The Key tasks performed by the transmitter
Answer: Main task performed by the transmitter is producing radio waves to send or transmit data.it
send out data as radio waves in a specific band of electromagnetic spectrum.
It transmits the electromagnetic or radio waves to a receiver of anther antenna or electromagnetic

device.
Transmitter also produce carrier waves which carries the data through air. And it encodes or modulate
the message signal before transmitting.
Power level of the wave also increased by the power amplifier also.
3.The process carried out by the analog to digital converter. Is A/D always needed?
Usually A/D converter is used to convert analog signals such as sound waves to a digital signal. In other
way it is the device use to convert continuous-time and continuous-amplitude analog signal to discrete –
time and discrete – amplitude digital signal.
The process consists with following,
 Sampling- The continuous-time analog signal is sampled by measuring its amplitude at a discrete
instant.
 Quantization-the sample values quantize to a finite number of levels, and each value
represented by a bit.
 Encoding- convert quantize signals to digital representation.
Yes, A/D Converter are needed in telecommunication.
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4.The importance of data compression and the redundant bits
Data compression
Data Compression mostly use in multimedia files as multimedia files such as MP3 are large and consume
lots of space. This file size takes more time to move from one storage to another and its time
consuming. Data compression shrinks file the file and make smaller and its easy to store after
compressed. Below are the main advantages of data compression,
 Reduction in storage hardware

 Reduce data transmission time
 Reduce communication bandwidth
 Decrease expenses for storage devices
 Increase productivity
Redundant bits
Redundancy is the concept of correcting errors. In here to detect or correct errors some extra bits added
in data communication. These bits are the redundant bits and added by the sender while transmitting
and removed by the receiver.
5.Line coding and important parameters such as DC, clock recovery, bandwidth
Line Coding
Line coding refers to the process of converting digital data to digital signals. It is the code used for data
transmission of a digital signal over a transmission line.
Below are some line coding methods,
 Unipolar
 Bipolar
Line coding converts the sequence of bits to a digital signal.
6.Type of passband modulation that can be used in land lines and mobile phones.
Passband modulation is modulation of signal over a carrier frequency. Modulation techniques divided as
follows,
 Analog Modulation
 Digital Modulation
 Pulse Modulation
Here Analog modulation is used in mobile communication. This is the process of transferring an analog
baseband signal over a higher frequency signal.
2
7.The circuit printed transmission lines that connect transmitter to the antenna in the mobile phone
PCB transmission line is a radio frequency interconnect used to transfer signal from transmitter to the
receiver on a printed circuit board. It has two conductors to trace the signal and trace the return path.
The volume between the two conductors is made up of the PCB dielectric material.
8.Multiplexing using when sending email while taking the call
Time Division Multiplexing
TDM transmit two or more streaming signals over a common channel. It puts multiple data streams in a
single signal by separating the signal into segments
9.Why is frequency modulation is preferred over amplitude modulation.
 FM power consumption is less when compared with AM

 AM has more complicate receiver and a transmitter over FM
 FM equipment cost is less than AM
 FM has less interference and noise
 FM has a less bandwidth

10.What type of switching network would be required to relay information via intermediate nodes.
Packet Switching
In packet switching the process is that the whole message is breaks up to number of packets of suitable
lengths and send the packet to the intermediate node. after receiving the packet by the node it decides
the next route for the packet. Here no dedicated path is use between the sender and receiver.

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Name- R.P.

Bridging Program 2021 - Assignment

Module: Telecommunication Principles

2.The Key tasks performed by the transmitter

It transmits the electromagnetic or radio waves to a receiver of anther antenna or electromagnetic

The process consists with following,

Yes, A/D Converter are needed in telecommunication.

 Reduction in storage hardware

Below are some line coding methods,

Line coding converts the sequence of bits to a digital signal.

8.Multiplexing using when sending email while taking the call

Time Division Multiplexing

9.Why is frequency modulation is preferred over amplitude modulation.

 FM power consumption is less when compared with AM

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