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102 CP
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Distance G

MASSEY UNIVERSITY
PALMERSTON NORTH CAMPUS

EXAMINATION FOR
160.102 LINEAR MATHEMATICS

Semester One 2012

Time allowed: THREE (3) hours.

Answer ALL questions.

Marks giving a total of 120 will be allocated as shown.

All relevant working must be shown in order to gain full marks.

Calculators are permitted – no restrictions.

Two sheets of graph paper will be distributed to each candidate.

Permitted References
One A4 sheet of handwritten notes on both sides.

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1. (a) (i) Use the elimination method to find all solutions for the system of equations.
Check your answer.
x + 2y + 7z = 2
2x + 6z = −4
−3x + 2y + 3z = 2

(ii) What does the system of equations and its solution represent geometrically?

(b) L = (0, − 1, 0), M = (6, 5, 3), P = (3, 0,1).

(i) Show that the point P is not on the line joining L and M.

(ii) Find the coordinates of the point N on LM such that PN is perpendicular to

LM.

N
M

(iii) If L, P, M are vertices of a triangle calculate the angle LPM, that is the
angle at P.

[8 + 12 = 20 marks]

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2. (a) (i) Find the normal equation in the form ax + by + cz = d for the plane
containing the lines with parametric equations

x = 1 + t, y = 3, z= 2+t
x = 6 − s, y = s, z = 4.

(ii) Does the line

z −1
x−3 = y+5 =
2
lie on the plane in part (i)?

(b) Calculate the shortest distance from A (1, 0, 1) to the plane

2x − 3y + z = 15 .

(c) (i) Construct an orthonormal basis for the subspace S spanned by the vectors

⎡ 1⎤ ⎡ −2 ⎤ ⎡ 3⎤
⎢ 0⎥, ⎢ 9⎥, ⎢ 7⎥ .
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ −1 ⎦ ⎣ 2⎦ ⎣ −3 ⎦

Is v = [ 4, −5, −4 ] in S? If so write v in terms of your orthonormal basis

t
(ii)
vectors.

[8 + 7 + 5 = 20 marks]

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3. (a) A linear transformation T :  p →  q has standard matrix

⎡ −1 4⎤
⎢ 3 0⎥ .
⎢ 2 5 ⎥⎦
⎣

(i) What are the values of p and q?

(ii) What vectors does T transform the standard basis vectors of  p to?

(iii) v is the vector in  p having all its components equal to 2. Calculate T (v)
in two different ways.

⎡1 1 1⎤
⎡3 0 1⎤
(b) Q = ⎢2 2 1⎥, S=⎢ .
⎢1 ⎣0 6 ⎥⎦
2 ⎥⎦
5
⎣ 4

(i) Calculate the inverse matrix of Q using the elimination method.

(ii) Use the result of part (i) to find a matrix R so that

RQ = S.

(c) M and P are n × n matrices. If M is invertible and P is not invertible, is the matrix
MP invertible? (Give a proof.)

(d) A and B are symmetric matrices. Show that the matrix AB is symmetric if and
only if AB = BA.

[6 + 9 + 2 + 3 = 20 marks]

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⎡ 0 4 −1 ⎤ ⎡ 1⎤ ⎡ 1⎤
4. (a) M =⎢ 4 0 −1 ⎥ , u = ⎢ 1⎥, v = ⎢ −1 ⎥ .
⎢ −1 −1 5 ⎥⎦ ⎢ −2 ⎥ ⎢ 0⎥
⎣ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

(i) Show that 3 is an eigenvalue of M.

(ii) Find an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue 3.

(iii) Show that u and v are eigenvectors of M and give the corresponding
eigenvalues.

(iv) Find an orthogonal matrix U such that U t MU = D where D is a diagonal

matrix. Write down the matrix D.

(b) (i) Use eigenvalues and eigenvectors to identify and sketch the graph of the
equation

3x 2 + 8xy − 3y 2 = 20 .

(ii) Find the coordinates (in the original XY coordinate system) of the point(s)
on the graph that are nearest to the origin.

[10 + 10 = 20 marks]

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5. Consider the following LP:

Minimise z = −3x + y

such that 2x + 4y ≤ 22
−x + 4y ≤ 10
4x − 2y ≤ 14
x, y ≥ 0.

(a) Solve the LP graphically.

(b) What is/are the optimal point/s?

(c) What is the optimal value of z?

(d) Find the slack/surplus value of each main constraint.

(e) What is the maximum value of z subject to the same constraints?

(f) What are the shadow prices of constraints 2 and 3?

(g) What is the range of optimality of the coefficient of x in the objective function?

[7 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 20 marks]

6. SuperDZine is planning to produce 3 grades of entertainment units: Solid Kauri, Pine

Delight, Popular. There are three production departments involved: Construction,
Sanding & Polishing, Inspection & Packaging. The capacity limitation (in hours per
week) of each of the three departments are 3750, 2500 and 2000 hours, respectively.
The times required from each department to produce a unit of each product are as
follows:
Solid Kauri Pine Delight Popular
Construction 5 2.5 2
Sanding & Polishing 3 2.5 2
Inspection & Packaging 1 0.8 0.4

Furthermore, the company has been contracted to supply at least 200 Pine Delight to a
local furniture store. The profit per unit is tabled below:

Solid Kauri Pine Delight Popular

Profit/unit $150 $70 $50

(a) Formulate an LP to maximise the company’s total profit in a week.

Question 6 continued over …

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Question 6 continued…

(b) (i) What is the optimal number of each entertainment unit?

(ii) What is the maximum profit?

(iii) By how much (if anything) will profit increase if 10 more hours of
construction time become available?

(iv) By how much (if anything) will profit increase if 10 more hours of sanding
and polishing time become available?

(v) How would profit change if the local furniture store required only 150 units
of pine delight?

(vi) How much would profits from the Popular unit have to increase by for it to
enter the optimal solution?

[8 + (2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2) = 20 marks]

++++++++

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