SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 1

SECTION 1: ALGEBRA 1
General Objectives: The student will:

1. apply set theory in solving problems

2. recognize the difference between a relation and a function
3. use the principles related to polynomial functions
4. apply the concept of binary operations to any given situation
5. resolve rational function into partial fractions,
6. find domain, range, zero of a rational function and state when it is undefined.
7 use the binomial theorem in approximations.
8. apply solutions of simultaneous linear inequalities to linear programming.

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

UNIT 1.1 1.1.1 establish set identities Algebra of sets Revise two-set problems with students use De Morgan‟s laws to solve
and apply them. related problems
Sets De Morgan‟s laws Assist students to establish set identities:
(A B C) A B C ;
(A B C) A B C ;
A (B C) ( A B) (A C) ;

A (B C) ( A B) (A C)
1.1.2 find solutions to three- Three-set problems Assist students to solve real life problems involving use algebra of sets to solve real
set problems. three-sets and the use of Venn diagrams life problems involving three sets

Unit 1.2 1.2.1 carry out the four Surds of the form Assist students to add, subtract and multiply surds find the sum and products of
operations on surds. a b n , where n is surds and simplify them
Surds
not a perfect square,

Unit 1.2 1.2.2 rationalize surds with Rationalizing surds Assist students to write the conjugate form of a given rationalize surds with binomial
(cont’d) binomial denominators. with binomial surd denominators
denominators
Surds
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 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Guide students to rationalize surds, e.g. E.g. Simplify

a b n a b n c d m 2 3
c d m c d m c d m 3 2 2
Unit 1.3 1.3.1 determine the Properties of binary Revise the idea of binary operations
commutative, operations
Binary Assist students to investigate the commutative and
associative and
Operations associative properties of binary operations
distributive properties of use the properties of binary
binary operations. Assist students to determine whether or not for any operations to solve related
two given binary operations, one distributes over the problems
other

1.3.2 determine the property Closure Assist students to determine whether or not a given determine whether or not the
of closure. set is closed under a given binary operation E.g. result of a binary operation is a
member of the given set.
x y xy where x, y R

1.3.3 find the identity element Identity and inverse Assist students to find the identity element (e) of a find the identity element of a
and use it to find the elements binary operation satisfying a e e a a given binary operation and
inverse of a given determine the inverse of any
element. Guide students to find the inverse of an element, a , element in the given set
for a given binary operation satisfying
1
a*a a 1 *a e
1
where a is the inverse of a

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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 1.4 1.4.1 represent functions Graphical Revise the idea of relations, functions and types of use mapping diagrams to
graphically. representation of a functions establish various types of
Relations and
function relations
Functions Assist students to represent functions graphically
Introduce the use of graphic calculators and
computers to investigate nature of graphs of determine whether or not a given
functions function is one-to-one
Guide students to determine whether a given
function is one-to-one
Unit 1.4 1.4.2 determine the domain Domain and range of Assist students to state the domain of a function as find the domain and range of a
(cont’d) and range of a function. a function the set of values of x that makes the function defined given function
Relations and Guide students to state the range of a function as the
Functions set of values of y (dependent variable) that can
result from the substitutions for the independent
variable, x
1.4.3 determine the inverse Inverse of a function Assist students to find the inverse of a function and find the inverse of a given
of a one-to-one f :x 3x 4 function
state the domain e.g. if then the
function.
inverse relation is
1 1 4
f :x 3 x 3 , x R
Assist students to find the composite of two functions
1.4.4 determine the Composite functions
composite of two given
defined as find fog; gof ; f 1og 1

functions. fog( x) f [ g ( x)]; gof ( x) g[ f ( x)]

Use real life situations to introduce composite of given real life functions and
interpret the results
functions. E.g., Suppose h(x) husband of x and
m(x) mother of x . Then, hom (x ) the
husband of the mother of x which is a step father or
father of x , and moh(x) mother of the husband of
x , which is the mother-in-law of x .
Include composites of inverses of functions

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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 1.5 1.5.1 recognise linear and Linear and quadratic Assist students to associate a linear function with the find the maximum and minimum
quadratic functions. functions straight line graph. values/points of given quadratic
Polynomial
functions
functions Assist students to associate quadratic function with
the parabola.
Encourage the use of graphic calculators and
computers to investigate the shapes of graphs as
coefficients of the variables and the constants
change.
Guide students to express the quadratic function
Unit 1.5
(cont’d) f ( x) ax 2 bx c in the form
Polynomial f ( x) a( x d ) 2 k , where k is the maximum or
functions the minimum value
1.5.2 sketch the curve of a Sketching curves of Assist students to sketch curves of quadratic sketch given quadratic curves
quadratic function. quadratic functions functions and indicate their shapes and identify the axes of
symmetry, turning points, etc
Guide students to identify the vertex, the axis of
symmetry, maximum and minimum points, increasing
and decreasing parts of a parabola
1.5.3 solve quadratic Solving quadratic Assist students to solve quadratic equations using solve quadratic equations using
equations by method of equations the method of completing the squares
(i) method of completing the
completing the squares
Completing the Assist students to deduce the general formula of a squares
and by formula.
square quadratic equation
(ii) quadratic formula
that is,

Quadratic formula b b2 4ac

x
2a
and use it to solve quadratic equations
1.5.4 use the discriminant to Roots of quadratic Assist students to use the discriminant state the nature of roots of given
describe the nature of equations 2 quadratic equations. E.g.
roots of quadratic
d b 4ac
to describe the nature of the roots of quadratic Find the values of k that make
equations.
equations as the equation
x2 (k 1) x k 0
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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

(i) equal, if b
2
4ac 0 has equal roots.
2
(ii) real and unequal, if b 4ac 0
2
(iii) imaginary, if b 4ac 0 use sum and product of roots in
Assist students to find the relation between the roots setting up quadratic equations
and and coefficients a, b, c of E.g. If and are the roots of
ax 2 bx c 0, a 0: 2x 2
5x 3 0 , find ∝+β and
Unit 1.5
(cont’d) b c ∝β.
, and
Polynomial a a
functions Assist students to use these relations to write other
quadratic equations with given roots

1.5.5 define a polynomial Definition of Assist students to define a polynomial function as state the degree of a given
function. polynomial functions f ( x) a n x n a n 1 x n 1  a0 , a 0 e.g. polynomial function

f ( x) 3x 4 2x3 4x 2 x 3
1.5.6 recognise and draw the Cubic functions Assist students to draw graphs of cubic functions for draw graphs of cubic functions
graph of a cubic a given interval. for given intervals
function.
NB: The use of graphic calculator or computer for
investigating cubic functions should be encouraged
1.5.7 perform the basic Algebra of
algebraic operations on polynomials
Assist students to add and subtract two polynomials add ,subtract, multiply and divide
polynomials.
Addition and given polynomial functions
subtraction
Assist students to find the product of two polynomials
Multiplication
Guide students to carry out division of one
Division
polynomial by another of lesser degree and state the
remainder eg. ( x 1) x 4 3x 3 x2 1

The use of synthetic division is allowed.

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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

1.5.8 use the remainder and Remainder and factor Assist students to use the remainder theorem to find find the remainder/factor of a
factor theorems to find theorems the remainder R when the polynomial f (x) is polynomial of degree not greater
the factors and than four when divided by a
divided by ( x a) as f ( a) R
remainders of a polynomial of lower degree
polynomial of degree Guide students to discover that if ( x a) is a factor
not greater than 4.
of a polynomial f (x) then f ( a) 0

Unit 1.5 1.5.9 find the factors and The factors and roots Assist students to use the factor theorem to find the solve for the zeros (roots) of
(cont’d) zeros of a polynomial of a polynomial factors of a given polynomial function and roots of given polynomial functions
function. functions/ equations f (x) 0 (equations)
Polynomial
functions up to n 3

Unit 1.6 1.6.1 recognise a rational Rational functions of Assist students to recognize a rational function state the domain and zeros of
function and determine the form rational functions
Rational Assist students to obtain the domain, zeros and the
the domain and range. f ( x)
functions Q( x) , g ( x) 0 range of rational functions
g ( x)
1.6.2 carry out the four basic Operations on Assist students to add, subtract, multiply and divide perform operations involving
operations on rational rational functions simple rational functions rational functions
functions.

1.6.3 resolve rational functions Partial fractions Assist students to write rational functions as partial express given rational functions
into partial fractions. fractions of various forms. as partial functions. E.g. Find the
partial fraction decomposition of
11x 2
2x 2 x 1
Unit 1.7 1.7.1 write down the Binomial Binomial Theorem Assist students to write down the Binomial expansion write the expansion for given
expansion for positive using the Pascal‟s Triangle binomial expressions
Binomial
integral index.
Theorem Assist student to discover and write the expansion
using the binomial theorem for positive integral index.
Lead students to apply the theorem to expand
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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

binomial with rational index.

1.7.2 use the combination Combination method Assist students to use intuitive method to establish use combination method to find
method to determine the that the indicated coefficients of
coefficient and exponent terms in a binomial expansion.
of a given term in an 2
E.g. Find the x term and the
expansion. Assist students to use the combination method to constant term in the expansion
determine the coefficient and exponents of terms in of
an expansion 1 12
n (2 x )
n 2x
(a b) n a n rbr
r 0
r

[Proof not required]

Unit 1.7 1.7.3 use the expansion for Expansion and use of n
Assist students to expand (1 x) and use it to find use binomial expansion to
(cont’d) n
(1 x) to approximate n
(1 x) to approximate exponential values
approximate exponential values. E.g.
E.g. Use binomial expansion to
Binomial exponential values. approximate 4
Evaluate (0.998 ) by writing (0.998 ) 4 (1 0.002 ) 4 5
Theorem exponential values -
evaluate (0.998 )
and then substituting x = 0.002 in the expansion
of (1 x) 4 .
Unit 1.8 1.8.1.recognise a linear Linear inequalities in Assist students to identify linear inequalities in 2 draw the graphs of a given linear
inequality in two variables two variables variables inequalities
Inequalities
and draw its graph.
and Linear Assist students to draw the graphs of given linear
programming inequalities

1.8.2.use graphical approach to Linear programming Guide students to find solutions of simultaneous solve practical problems on
solve simultaneous linear inequalities using graphical method linear inequalities in two
inequalities and interpret. variables (linear programming)
Assist students to apply the solutions to linear
programming

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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

1.8.3.recognise and solve Quadratic inequalities Assist students to identify quadratic inequalities as solve real life problems involving
quadratic inequalities. ax 2 bx c 0 and quadratic inequalities
E.g. Find the set of values of x
ax 2 bx c 0 , etc, where a 0
for which 1 + 2 x 3x 2 0
Assist students to solve quadratic inequalities using
analytic, deductive table and graphical approach.

e.g. x 2 5x 6 0 , (x 2)(x 3) 0 , That is x>2 and

x<3, 2<x<3 as shown in the table below.
x 2 3
x-2 - 0 - - + +
x-3