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    Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Based Chatb

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    Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Chatb

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    Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Based Chatb

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    HOME | SUBMIT | FAQ | BLOG | ALERTS / RSS | RESOURCES

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     Follow this preprint

    Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based


    Chatbots in Promoting Health
    Behavioral Changes: A Systematic
    Review

     Abhishek Aggarwal, Cheuk Chi Tam, Dezhi Wu,


    Xiaoming Li, Shan Qiao
    doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.05.22277263
    Now published in Journal of Medical Internet Research doi:
    10.2196/40789

    0 0 0 0 3 0 2

    Abstract Full Text

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    Abstract

    Background Artificial-Intelligence (AI)-based chatbots


    can offer personalized, engaging, and on-demand
    health-promotion interventions. This systematic review
    evaluates the feasibility, efficacy, and intervention
    characteristics of AI-chatbots in promoting health-
    behavior change.

    Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in


    seven bibliographic databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore,
    ACM Digital Library, PsychoINFO, Web of Science,
    EMBASE, and JMIR publications) for empirical articles
    published from 1980 to 2022 that evaluated feasibility
    and/or efficacy of AI-chatbots for behavioral change.
    The screening, extraction, and analyses of identified
    articles followed the PRISMA guidelines.

    Results Of the 15 included studies, majority studies


    (n=11) reported high usability, acceptability and
    engagement, and some evidence on feasibility of AI-
    chatbots. Selected studies demonstrated high efficacy
    in promoting healthy lifestyles (n=6), smoking
    cessation (n=4), treatment/medication adherence
    (n=2), and reduction in substance misuse (n=1).
    Behavioral change theories and/or expert consultation
    were used to develop behavioral change strategies of
    AI-chatbots, including goal setting, monitoring, real-
    time reinforcement/feedback, and on- demand
    support. Real-time user-chatbot interaction data, such
    as user preferences and behavioral performance,
    were collected on the chatbot platform to identify ways
    of providing personalized services. The AI-chatbots
    demonstrated potential for scalability by deployment
    through accessible devices and platforms (e.g.,
    smartphones and messenger). Participants also
    reported that AI-chatbots offered a non-judgmental
    space for communicating sensitive information.
    However, the reported results need to be interpreted
    with caution because of moderate to high risk of
    internal validity, insufficient description of AI-
    techniques, and limitation for generalizability.

    Conclusion AI-chatbots have demonstrated efficacy


    of health-behavior change interventions among large
    and diverse population; however, future studies need
    to adopt robust RCTs to establish definitive
    conclusions.

    Competing Interest Statement

    The authors have declared no competing interest.

    Funding Statement

    Research reported in this publication was supported


    by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious
    Disease under Award #R01AI127203-5S1. The
    content is solely the responsibility of the authors and
    does not necessarily represent the official views of the
    National Institutes of Health. The authors would also
    like to acknowledge the generous funding support
    from the University of South Carolina (USC) Big Data
    Health Science Center, a USC excellence initiative
    program [Grant No: BDHSC-2021-14] and [Grant No:
    BDHSC-2021-11].

    Author Declarations

    I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been


    followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics
    committee approvals have been obtained.

    Yes

    I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent


    has been obtained and the appropriate institutional
    forms have been archived, and that any
    patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not
    known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or
    participants themselves) outside the research group
    so cannot be used to identify individuals.

    Yes

    I understand that all clinical trials and any other


    prospective interventional studies must be registered
    with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as
    ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study
    reported in the manuscript has been registered and
    the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a
    prospective study registered retrospectively, please
    provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why
    the study was not registered in advance).

    Yes

    I have followed all appropriate research reporting


    guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR
    Network research reporting checklist(s) and other
    pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.

    Yes

    Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is


    the author/funder, who has granted
    medRxiv a license to display the preprint
    in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No
    reuse allowed without permission.

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    Posted July 07, 2022.

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