NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.

Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information

Designation: C591 − 20

Standard Specification for

Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal
Insulation1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope 1.6 When adopted by an authority having jurisdiction, codes

that address fire properties in many applications regulate the
1.1 This specification covers the types, physical properties,
use of the thermal insulation materials covered by this speci-
and dimensions of unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyiso-
fication. Fire properties are controlled by job, project, or other
cyanurate plastic material intended for use as thermal insula-
specifications where codes or government regulations do not
tion on surfaces from –297°F (–183°C) to 300°F (149°C). For
apply.
specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be
agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.2 This specification only covers “polyurethane modified conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation which is commonly re- and are not considered standard.
ferred to as “polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation. This stan-
iTeh Standards
dard does not encompass all polyurethane modified materials.
Polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate and other polyure-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
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thane materials are similar, but the materials will perform
differently under some service conditions. priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.3 This standard is designed as a material specification, not
a design document. Physical property requirements vary by
application and temperature. At temperatures below –70°F
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
(–51°C) the physical properties of the polyisocyanurate insu- Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ASTM C591-20
lation at the service temperature are of particular importance. mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
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Below –70°F (–51°C) the manufacturer and the purchaser must Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
agree on what additional cold temperature performance prop-
erties are required to determine if the material can function 2. Referenced Documents
adequately for the particular application. 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
1.4 This standard addresses requirements of unfaced pre- C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of
formed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation Thermal Insulations
manufactured using blowing agents with an ozone depletion C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
potential of 0 (ODP 0). C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
1.5 Except 6.2 and 8.2 – 8.4, which are related to the size the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
and shape of fabricated parts, and 16.1, which is related to the C272/C272M Test Method for Water Absorption of Core
storage of fabricated parts, the requirements in this standard Materials for Sandwich Constructions
specification apply to the polyisocyanurate insulation in the C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
form of buns supplied by the insulation manufacturer. formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
C335/C335M Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer
Properties of Pipe Insulation
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 on
2
Organic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 15, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as C591 – 19a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0591-20. the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 C591 − 20
C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal 3.4.1.1 Discussion—Unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyi-
Insulation Lots socyanurate thermal insulation samples are aged because the
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High- thermal conductivity of this material increases with time,
Temperature Thermal Insulation primarily due to changes in the composition of the gas
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission contained within the closed cells. The rate of this thermal
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus conductivity increase diminishes with time so an aging time
C550 Test Method for Measuring Trueness and Squareness prior to testing is selected to reasonably represent the long-term
of Rigid Block and Board Thermal Insulation performance of the material. The aging time for thermal
C585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal conductivity test specimens of material covered by this stan-
Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and Tubing dard is typically 180 days.
C871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insu- 3.4.2 conditioned, v—the act of putting specimens in speci-
lation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, fied temperature and humidity conditions immediately prior to
and Sodium Ions testing to allow the specimens to reach temperature and
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop- moisture content equilibrium.
erties Under Steady-State Conditions 3.4.2.1 Discussion—Samples are conditioned for a fairly
C1058/C1058M Practice for Selecting Temperatures for short time period (typically 12 to 24 h) during which the test
Evaluating and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal lab holds the sample at standard lab conditions (see 11.3)
Insulation immediately prior to testing. If specimens are aged (see 3.4.1)
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission for thermal conductivity testing at the same conditions speci-
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus fied for conditioning and kept at these conditions until the time
C1303/C1303M Test Method for Predicting Long-Term of testing, then a separate conditioning period at the end of the
Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation aging period is not necessary.
C1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building
Materials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a Hot 3.4.3 final polymerization, n—the final chemical reaction
Box Apparatus and cooling that occurs immediately following primary manu-

iTeh Standards
C1763 Test Method for Water Absorption by Immersion of
Thermal Insulation Materials
facturing of unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate
thermal insulation materials created using a simultaneous
blowing and exothermic polymerization process.
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D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
Cellular Plastics
3.4.3.1 Discussion—Unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyi-
socyanurate thermal insulation materials created using a simul-

Cellular Plastics
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D1622/D1622M Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid taneous
formed
blowing
into a
and exothermic polymerization process are
shape such as a bun during manufacture. This
D2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics shape reaches its final form and size during primary manufac-
to Thermal and Humid Aging turing and is at a temperature substantially above ambient. This
ASTM C591-20 shape continues to undergo final polymerization and cooling
D2856 Test Method for Open-Cell Content of Rigid Cellular
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Plastics by the Air Pycnometer (Withdrawn 2006) 3 for a time period ranging from a few hours to several days. This
D6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular period of final polymerization and cooling is part of the
Plastics manufacturing process and samples are not taken for testing or
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of quality control until the end of this period is reached.
Building Materials 3.4.4 insulation fabricator, n—a company that machines,
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of cuts, grinds, or otherwise transforms the unfaced polyisocya-
Materials nurate bun insulation received from an insulation manufacturer
into various shapes such as boards, blocks, pipe shells, tank
3. Terminology
segments, and elbows/fittings.
3.1 For descriptions of terms used in this specification, refer 3.4.4.1 Discussion—It is possible for a company to function
to Terminologies C168 and D883. as both an insulation fabricator and an insulation manufacturer.
3.2 The term polyisocyanurate does not encompass all In this standard specification the insulation fabricator is also
polyurethane containing materials (see 1.2). referred to simply as the fabricator.
3.3 The term “core specimen” refers to representative 3.4.5 insulation manufacturer, n—a company engaged in
samples cut in accordance with the sampling procedure listed primary manufacturing of unfaced polyisocyanurate foam.
within each property test method. 3.4.5.1 Discussion—It is possible for a company to function
as both an insulation manufacturer and an insulation fabricator.
3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
In this standard specification the insulation manufacturer is
3.4.1 aged, v—in relation to thermal conductivity testing,
also referred to simply as the manufacturer.
the act of delaying thermal conductivity testing for a specified
time period after the final polymerization. 3.4.6 ozone depletion potential (ODP), n—a relative index
indicating the extent to which a chemical product causes ozone
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on depletion.
www.astm.org. 3.4.6.1 Discussion—The reference level of 1 is the potential

2
 C591 − 20
of trichlorofluoromethane (R-11 or CFC-11) to cause ozone the average from testing the number of test specimen(s)
depletion. ODP 0 is an ozone depletion potential of zero. required by 11.4 of this specification shall be used to determine
3.4.7 primary manufacturing, n—the initial manufacturing compliance.
step of unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate NOTE 1—It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to determine
thermal insulation materials that begins with the mixing of the the technical requirements for their specific applications and to select an
precursor chemicals and ends with the formation of the final appropriate Type of material.
bun shape. 7.2 Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is an organic mate-
rial and is combustible. Do not expose this insulation to flames
4. Classification
or other ignition sources. The fire performance of the material
4.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther- shall be addressed through fire test requirements established by
mal insulation covered by this specification is classified into six the appropriate governing authority. The manufacturer shall be
types as follows: contacted for specific data as fire performance characteristic
4.1.1 Type I—Compressive resistance of 20 lb/in2 (137 will vary with grade, type, and thickness.
kPa), minimum.
4.1.2 Type IV—Compressive resistance of 22 lb/in2 (150 7.3 Not all physical properties at temperatures below -70°F
kPa), minimum. (-51°C) have been fully tested. Where these properties are
4.1.3 Type II—Compressive resistance of 35 lb/in2 (240 critical, the user shall consult the manufacturer for properties
kPa), minimum. and performance at these lower temperatures.
4.1.4 Type III—Compressive resistance of 45 lb/in2 (310
kPa), minimum. 8. Dimensions and Tolerances
4.1.5 Type V—Compressive resistance of 80 lb/in2 (550 8.1 The polyisocyanurate bun dimensions shall be as agreed
kPa), minimum. upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer. Polyisocyanurate
4.1.6 Type VI—Compressive resistance of 125 lb/in2 (862 buns are commonly available in lengths up to 144 in. (3.66 m),
kPa), minimum. widths up to 48 in. (1.22 m), and thicknesses from 12 in. (305

iTeh Standards
4.2 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-
mal insulation covered by this specification is classified into
mm) to 24 in. (610 mm).
8.2 Insulation Board (cut from buns by a fabricator):

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one grade as follows: 8.2.1 Dimensional tolerances for boards shall be as follows:
4.2.1 Grade 2–Service temperature range of -297°F
Dimension Tolerance, in. (mm)
(-183°C) to 300°F (149°C).
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Length ±1⁄8 (3.2)
Width ±1⁄16 (1.6)
5. Ordering Information Thickness ±1⁄32 (0.8)

5.1 Orders for materials purchased under this specification 8.2.2 Edge Trueness—Determine in accordance with Test
shall include the following: ASTM C591-20 C550. The maximum
Method deviation from the edge trueness
5.1.1 Designation of this specification and year of issue, shall not be greater than 1⁄32 in./ft (2.6 mm/m) of length or
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5.1.2 Product name or grade/type, or both, width.
5.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity and specific thickness 8.2.3 Face Trueness—Determine in accordance with Test
required, Method C550. The maximum deviation from flatness shall not
5.1.4 Product dimensions, be greater than 1⁄16 in./ft (5.2 mm/m) of length or width.
5.1.5 Quantity of material, 8.2.4 Corner Squareness—Determine in accordance with
5.1.6 Special packaging or marking, if required, and Test Method C550. The maximum deviation from corner
5.1.7 Special requirements for inspection or testing, or both. squareness shall not be greater than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) for all
board thicknesses.
6. Materials and Manufacture 8.2.5 Edge Squareness—Determine in accordance with Test
6.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther- Method C550. The maximum deviation from edge squareness
mal insulation is produced by the polymerization of polymeric shall not be greater that 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) for all board
polyisocyanates in the presence of polyhydroxyl compounds, thicknesses.
catalysts, cell stabilizers, and blowing agents.
8.3 Pipe Insulation (cut from buns by a fabricator)—
6.2 The material covered by this specification shall be Material supplied for pipe insulation shall have dimensions and
supplied in “bun” form by the manufacturer. From these buns, tolerances that are in accordance with Practice C585.
a fabricator shall transform and supply boards, blocks, pipe
shells, tank segments, elbows/fittings, or special shapes as 8.4 Other parts or special shapes (cut from buns by a
agreed upon by the fabricator and end-user. fabricator) shall have dimensions and tolerances agreed upon
by the purchaser and fabricator.
7. Physical Properties
9. Workmanship and Appearances
7.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate ther-
mal insulation shall conform to the requirements shown in 9.1 The polyisocyanurate thermal insulation shall have no
Table 1. See Note 1. For each physical property requirement, defects that will adversely affect its service qualities.

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 C591 − 20
TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements
Grade 2: Operating Temperature Range -297°F (-183°C) to 300°F (149°C)A
NOTE 1—Grade 1, which was specific to PIR for use at operating temperatures of -70°F (-51°C) to 300°F (149°C) , was deleted in 2009 because this
material was no longer produced. Grade 2 was not renumbered to minimize conflict with various global engineering and end-user specifications which
require the use of materials complying with, “ASTM C591, Grade 2”.
Property Type I Type IV Type II Type III Type V Type VI
Density, min lb/ft3 (kg/m 3) 1.8 (29) 2.0 (32) 2.5 (40) 3.0 (48) 4.0 (60) 6.0 (96)

Compressive resistance at 10 % deformation 20 (137) 22 (150) 35 (240) 45 (310) 80 (550) 125 (862)
or yield whichever occurs first, parallel to
rise, min, lb/in2 (kPa)

Apparent thermal conductivity, max

Btu-in/h-ft 2 -°F (W/m-K),
at a mean temperature of:
-200°F (-129°C) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .13 (.019) .14 (.020) .14 (.020) .15 (.022)
-150°F (-101°C) .15 (.022) .15 (.022) .15 (.022) .16 (.023) .16 (.023) .17 (.025)
-100°F (-73°C) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .17 (.025) .18 (.026) .18 (.026) .19 (.027)
-50°F (-46°C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .21 (.030)
0°F (-17°C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .22 (.032)
50°F (10°C) .18 (.026) .18 (.026) .18 (.026) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .21 (.030)
75°F (24°C) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .19 (.027) .20 (.029) .20 (.029) .22 (.032)
150°F (66°C) .23 (.033) .23 (.033) .23 (.033) .24 (.035) .24 (.035) .26 (.037)
200°F (93°C) .26 (.037) .26 (.037) .26 (.037) .27 (.039) .27 (.039) .30 (.044)

Water absorption, max, % by volume 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8
Water vapor permeability, max, perm-in (ng/Pa-s-m) 4.0 (5.8) 4.0 (5.8) 3.5 (5.1) 3.0 (4.4) 2.5 (3.7) 2.0 (2.9)

Dimensional stability, max % linear change, 1 week exposure

158 ± 4°F (70 ± 2°C), 97 + 3 % relative humidity 4 4 4 4 4 4
-40 ± 6°F (-40 ± 3°C), ambient relative humidity 1 1 1 1 1 1

iTeh Standards
212 ± 4°F (100 ± 2°C), ambient relative humidity 2 2 2 2 2 2

Closed cell content, min 90 90 90 90 90 90

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Hot-surface performance, at 300°F (149°C) B
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
This specification does not purport to address all the performance issues associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate

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performance criteria.
B
Pass ⁄fail criteria found in 12.4.

10. Sampling 11.3 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens shall be
ASTM C591-20conditioned (see 3.4.2) at 73 6 4°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 %
10.1 Unless otherwise specified, the polyisocyanurate ther-
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mal insulation shall be sampled and inspected for acceptance of relative humidity for at least 24 h prior to testing.
material in accordance with Practice C390. 11.4 Number of specimens to test for each required property
10.2 Inspection Requirements—The requirements for den- for continuous bunstock PIR (see A1.2):
sity shown in Table 1, the dimensional requirements described 11.4.1 Density—Test three specimens.
in Section 8, and the workmanship and appearance require- 11.4.2 Compressive Resistance—Test six specimens.
ments described in Section 9 are defined as inspection require- 11.4.3 Apparent Thermal Conductivity—Test three speci-
ments (refer to Practice C390). mens at mean temperature of 75°F (24°C) and one specimen at
the other mean temperatures listed in Table 1.
10.3 Qualification Requirements—The physical require-
11.4.4 Hot Surface Performance—Test one specimen.
ments shown in Table 1 except density are defined as qualifi-
cation requirements (refer to Practice C390). Density is defined 11.4.5 Water Absorption—Test three specimens as pre-
as an inspection requirement. scribed in Test Method C272/C272M, Procedure A with sample
size 12 by 12 by 1 in. (305 by 305 by 25 mm) or Test Method
11. Specimen Selection and Preparation C1763, Procedure C.
11.1 Prior to the cutting of any test specimens, a period of at 11.4.6 Water Vapor Permeability—Test three specimens as
least 72 h shall elapse from the end of primary manufacturing prescribed in Test Method E96/E96M.
to allow for final polymerization (see 3.4.7 and 3.4.3). The test 11.4.7 Dimensional Stability—Test three specimens.
specimens shall be cut from the buns of material as required by 11.4.8 Closed Cell Content—Test three specimens.
Annex A1 for the reasons described in Appendix X1. 11.5 Number of specimens to test for each bun tested for
11.2 All test specimens shall be homogeneous per the each required property for box-pour bunstock PIR. Due to the
definition of “homogeneous material” in Terminology C168. possible variability from bun to bun within a batch of box-pour
All test specimens shall be free of joints unless the size of the bunstock PIR, it is necessary to test three buns from a given
specimen required precludes it being cut from a single 3 ft long batch (see A1.3):
bun. 11.5.1 Density—Test three specimens.

4
 C591 − 20
11.5.2 Compressive Resistance—Test six specimens. mm) warpage, and no cracking, flaming, glowing, smoldering,
11.5.3 Apparent Thermal Conductivity—Test three speci- and smoking when tested with a white background. Discolor-
mens at mean temperature of 75°F (24°C) and one specimen at ation of the sample during this test is not an indication of
the other mean temperatures listed in Table 1. failure.
11.5.4 Hot Surface Performance—Test one specimen. 12.5 Water Absorption—Report in units of % by volume
11.5.5 Water Absorption—Test three specimens as pre- determined by multiplying the water absorption % by weight
scribed in Test Method C272/C272M, Procedure A with sample obtained by testing in accordance with Test Method C272/
size 12 by 12 by 1 in. (305 by 305 by 25 mm) or Test Method C272M, Procedure A with sample size 12 by 12 by 1 in. (305
C1763, Procedure C. by 305 by 25 mm) or Test Method C1763, Procedure C, by the
11.5.6 Water Vapor Permeability—Test three specimens as specimen specific gravity.
prescribed in Test Method E96/E96M.
11.5.7 Dimensional Stability—Test three specimens. 12.6 Water Vapor Permeability—Determine in accordance
with Test Methods E96/E96M using the desiccant procedure at
11.5.8 Closed Cell Content—Test three specimens.
73 6 2°F (23 6 1°C). See Note 4.
12. Test Methods NOTE 4—The application of a vapor retarder may be required in
conjunction with the application of this insulation.
12.1 Density—Determine in accordance with Test Method
D1622/D1622M or C303. 12.7 Dimensional Stability—Determine in accordance with
Test Method D2126. Exposure time shall be 168 h (one week)
12.2 Compressive Resistance—Determine in accordance 62 h.
with Test Method C165, Procedure A or Test Method D1621, at
a crosshead speed of 0.1 in/min (2.5 mm/min) for each 1 in. (25 12.8 Closed-Cell Content—Determine in accordance with
mm) of specimen thickness. See Note 2. Test Method D2856 or D6226.

NOTE 2—Polyisocyanurate insulation can be anisotropic and, therefore,

12.9 Surface Burning Characteristics—Determine, if
strength properties can vary with direction. The manufacturer should be required, in accordance with Test Method E84 at the thickness
consulted if additional information is required. supplied and results are to be reported.
iTeh Standards
12.3 Apparent Thermal Conductivity—Determine in accor-
dance with Test Method C177, C518, C1114 or C1363 in
12.10 Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium
Ions—Determine in accordance with Test Method C871.
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accordance with Practice C1045 using the small temperature
differences indicated in Practice C1058/C1058M, Table 3 with 13. Inspection

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the specimen cut so that the induced direction of heat flow is
parallel to the rise (height) direction of the bun. In some cases
where this insulation is used in pipe applications, Test Method
13.1 Inspection of this material shall be agreed upon by the
purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase agreement.
C335/C335M is applicable. Core 1 in. (25 mm) thick test
14. Rejection and Rehearing
ASTM C591-20
specimens shall be cut from buns after the final polymerization
(see 3.4.3 and 11.1) is complete, be aged (3.4.1) at 73 6 4°F 14.1 Failure to conform to the requirements of this specifi-
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(23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for 180 6 5 days cation shall be cause for rejection. Rejection shall be reported
from time of specimen cutting, be conditioned if necessary (see to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing.
3.4.2), and then tested following these aging (and conditioning 14.2 In the case of rejection of a shipment, the producer
if present) periods. In case of dispute, Test Method C177 shall shall have the right to resubmit the lot for inspection after the
be the referee method. The apparent thermal conductivity of removal and replacement of that portion not conforming to
the material tested shall not be greater than the maximum value requirements.
identified in Table 1. The apparent thermal conductivity of
individual specimens tested shall not be greater than 110 % of 15. Packaging and Marking
the maximum value identified in Table 1. Compliance with
qualification requirements shall be in accordance with Practice 15.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser
C390. It is possible that Test Method C1303/C1303M will and the manufacturer, polyisocyanurate buns under this speci-
provide useful information for estimating long term changes in fication shall be packaged by the manufacturer’s standard
thermal resistance. See Note 3. commercial practice.
15.2 Unless otherwise specified, the buns shipped by the
NOTE 3—The core thickness has an impact on measured thermal
resistance; as thickness increases the thermal resistance increases, as manufacturer shall be marked with the name of the
thickness decreases the thermal resistance decreases. The thermal resis- manufacturer, product name, and lot number. Paperwork ac-
tance of polyisocyanurate thermal insulation may be significantly influ- companying the shipment shall include bun size and number of
enced by installation and service-related variables such as age, encapsu- buns in the shipment.
lation within gas-barrier materials, environmental conditions, and
mechanical abuse and may be reduced from measured values after 15.3 For each polyisocyanurate material produced in com-
exposure to conditions of use. For specific design recommendations using pliance with this standard specification, the manufacturer shall
a particular product, consult the manufacturer. maintain a published technical data sheet on their website or
12.4 Hot-Surface Performance—Determine in accordance available upon request. This data sheet shall include a state-
with Test Method C411. Pass criteria is defined as ≤ 0.25 in. (6 ment of compliance to this standard specification including the

5
 C591 − 20
specific Grade and Type, the product apparent thermal conduc- 17. Keywords
tivity at 75°F (24°C) mean temperature, and whatever addi- 17.1 cellular plastic; polyisocyanurate; polyurethane modi-
tional properties or information the manufacturer deems ap- fied polyisocyanurate; thermal insulation
propriate.
16. Supplementary Requirements
16.1 Fabricated polyisocyanurate thermal insulation pieces
cut from buns shall be kept dry during storage, shipping, and
installation.

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. SPECIMEN SAMPLING LOCATION FOR PROPERTY TESTING

A1.1 Background A1.2.4 Compressive Resistance—Test two specimens from

each of the left/top, left/bottom, and center/equator locations.
A1.1.1 This annex describes where in the polyisocyanurate
(PIR) bun specimens shall be taken for all property testing These are locations 1, 5, and 7, respectively as shown in Fig.
required by this standard for both continuous bunstock and A1.1.
box-pour PIR. A1.2.5 Apparent Thermal Conductivity—Test one specimen
A1.1.2 Because the manufacturing process and sampling from each of the left/top, left/bottom, and center/equator
iTeh Standards
requirements differ so greatly between continuous bunstock
and box-pour processes, each will be treated separately in this
locations at a mean temperature of 75°F (24°C). These are
locations 1, 5, and 7, respectively, in Fig. A1.1. For the other
annex.
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A1.1.3 Because of the cost and effort needed for testing and
mean temperatures listed in Table 1, test one specimen from
the left/equator location. This is location 4 in Fig. A1.1.

is not feasible or necessary to test Document

every possible location Preview
because the impact of bun location on performance is small, it A1.2.6 Water Absorption—Test one specimen from each of
the left/top, left/bottom, and center/equator locations. These
within a bun. This annex provides a systematic means of are locations 1, 5, and 7, respectively as shown in Fig. A1.1.
sampling from PIR buns so that the performance of all of the
ASTM C591-20
major bun areas are examined and the average of this perfor-
A1.2.7 Water Vapor Permeability—Test one specimen from
each of the left/top, left/bottom, and center/equator locations.
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mance is compared to the requirements of this standard to
These are locations 1, 5, and 7, respectively as shown in Fig.
determine compliance.
A1.1.
A1.1.4 Because the test methods for each required property
A1.2.8 Dimensional Stability—Test one specimen from
differ in complexity and nature and because each property
each of the left/top, left/bottom, and center/equator locations.
behaves differently in response to bun location, there is not one
These are locations 1, 5, and 7, respectively as shown in Fig.
sampling protocol for all properties. Instead, each property has
its own sampling protocol. A1.1.

A1.1.5 In all cases, the test methods and number of speci- A1.2.9 Closed Cell Content—Test one specimen from each
mens to be tested are shown in Sections 12 and 11, respec- of the left/top, left/bottom, and center/equator locations. These
tively. are locations 1, 5, and 7, respectively as shown in Fig. A1.1.
A1.2.10 Hot Surface Performance—Test one specimen
A1.2 Continuous Bunstock PIR
from the center/equator location. This is location 5 as shown in
A1.2.1 Refer to X1.2.1 for a definition of the various bun Fig. A1.1.
locations for obtaining specimens for property testing.
A1.3 Box-Pour Bunstock PIR
A1.2.2 For any property, the right and left locations are
interchangeable provided this is done for all specimens pre- A1.3.1 Refer to X1.3.1 for a definition of the various bun
pared for that property. This is permissible because of X1.2.2.3 locations for obtaining specimens for property testing.
which explains why the left and right sides of the bun are A1.3.2 For any property, the right and left locations are
equivalent. interchangeable provided this is done for all specimens pre-
A1.2.3 Density—Test one specimen from each of the left/ pared for that property. This is permissible because of X1.3.2.4
top, left/bottom, and center/equator locations. These are loca- which explains why the left and right sides of the bun are
tions 1, 5, and 7, respectively as shown in Fig. A1.1. equivalent.

6
 C591 − 20

FIG. A1.1 Bun Position Definitions for Continuous Bunstock PIR

A1.3.3 For any property, the front and back locations are A1.3.6 Compressive Resistance—Test two specimens from

iTeh Standards
interchangeable provided this is done for all specimens pre- each of the left/top/front, left/bottom/front, and center/equator/
pared for that property. This is permissible because of X1.3.2.3 middle locations. These are locations 1-Front, 7-Front, and 5-
which explains why the front and back sides of the bun are Middle, respectively, as shown in Fig. A1.2.
equivalent.
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
A1.3.4 Since there is a reasonable likelihood of variability
A1.3.7 Apparent Thermal Conductivity—Test one specimen

necessary to test three buns from a Document

given batch. These buns Preview
from each of the left/top/front, left/bottom/front, and center/
from bun to bun within a batch of boxpour bunstock PIR, it is equator/middle locations at a mean temperature of 75°F
(24°C). These are locations 1-Front, 7-Front and 5-Middle,
shall be selected from early, middle, and late in the bun
respectively, in Fig. A1.2. For the other mean temperatures
preparation from a single batch of ingredients. The number of
ASTM
specimens listed in A1.3.5 – A1.3.11 is the number from a
C591-20
listed in Table 1, test one specimen from the left/equator/
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single bun. This same number of specimens must be tested middle location. This is location 4-Middle as shown in Fig.
from each of the three buns sampled. A1.2.
A1.3.5 Density—Test one specimen from each of the left/ A1.3.8 Water Absorption—Test one specimen from each of
top/front, left/bottom/front, and center/equator/middle loca- the left/top/front, left/bottom/front, and center/equator/middle
tions. These are locations 1-Front, 7-Front, and 5-Middle, locations. These are locations 1-Front, 7-Front, and 5-Middle,
respectively, as shown in Fig. A1.2. respectively, as shown in Fig. A1.2.

FIG. A1.2 Bun Position Definitions for Box-Pour PIR