BIHAR

MARCH
2024
Content
z PM Unveils Development Projects in Bihar............................................................................................................. 3
z PM Unveils Projects in Bihar.................................................................................................................................... 3
z ‘Ayushman Bharat’ Cards Issued in Bihar................................................................................................................ 4
z New Vande Bharat Express in Bihar........................................................................................................................ 5
z Smart Prepaid Meter Installed in Bihar................................................................................................................... 5
z Bihar’s Greenhouse Gas Emission to Rise Five Times by 2070................................................................................ 5
z Begusarai: World’s Most Polluted Metropolitan..................................................................................................... 6
z NABARD Projects Credit Potential for Bihar............................................................................................................ 8
z ONGC to Drill Well in Bihar...................................................................................................................................... 8
z Bihar Diwas 2024..................................................................................................................................................... 9
z Prominent Indian-Americans Honoured on ‘Bihar Diwas’ in New York................................................................ 10
z The Central Government Cancels the Auction of 13 Crucial Mineral Blocks......................................................... 10
z India Employment Report 2024............................................................................................................................. 12
w w w. d r i s h ti IA S.c om State PCS CA Consolidation MARCH 2024 3
PM Unveils Development Programme’ by the Union Government in June 2014
to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement
Projects in Bihar of pollution and conservation and rejuvenation of
Why in News? National River Ganga.
¾ It is being operated under the Department of
Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled
Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
development projects worth ₹ 21,400 crore in Bihar’s
Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti.
Aurangabad district.
¾ The program is being implemented by the National
Key Points Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), and its state
counterpart organizations i.e State Program
¾ National highway projects worth over ₹ 18,000 crore
Management Groups (SPMGs).
were inaugurated.
¾ NMCG is the implementation wing of National
¾ The PM laid the foundation stone for a six-lane bridge
Ganga Council (was set up in 2016; which replaced
over the Ganga, which will be constructed parallel to
the National Ganga River Basin Authority - NGRBA).
the existing JP (Jayaprakash Narayan) Ganga Setu.
Also, the foundation stone of Unity Mall in Patna,
which will be constructed at a cost of over ₹ 200 PM Unveils Projects in Bihar
crore, and provide a boost to the ‘One District, One
Product’ project. Why in News?
¾ He dedicated to the nation three railway projects, Recently, the Prime Minister unveiled projects worth
which include the doubling of the Pataliputra-Pahleja Rs 12,800 crore in Bihar’s West Champaran district.
line and a 26-km-long new line between Bandhua
and Paimar. Key Points
¾ The PM also inaugurated 12 projects worth over 2,190 ¾ The PM unveiled the projects at a function, ‘Viksit
crore under the Namami Gange scheme. Bharat-Viksit Bihar’, in Bettiah, the district headquarters
€ These include sewerage treatment plants in Patna, of West Champaran.
Sonepur, Naugachia, and Chapra. ¾ He laid the foundation stone and dedicated to the

One District One Product Initiative nation:

€ Multiple infrastructure projects related to rail,
¾ ODOP is an initiative to boost economic growth at
road, petroleum and natural gas.
the district level by promoting and branding one
€ The city gas distribution project in East and West
product from each district of the country.
Champaran, Gopalganj, Siwan and Deoria, and
¾ The idea is to leverage the local potential, resources,
grain-based ethanol facilities at Sugauli and Lauriya.
skills, and culture of each district and create a
€ The construction of a six-lane cable bridge on
unique identity for them in the domestic and
international markets. the Ganga river, parallel to the Digha-Sonepur
rail-cum-road bridge at Patna, and four-laning of
¾ The concept of ODOP was first launched by the
Bakarpur Hat-Manikpur section of NH-19 bypass.
Uttar Pradesh government in January 2018.
€ The doubling and electrification of the 96-km-long
€ The scheme was successful in reviving the
Gorakhpur CanttValmiki Nagar rail line and the
traditional industries and crafts of the state, such
redevelopment of Bettiah station.
as chikankari embroidery, brassware, pottery,
¾ He inaugurated:
carpets, leather goods, etc.
€ The two-laning of the Piprakothi-Motihari-Raxaul
€ Inspired by it, the central government adopted the
concept and launched it as a national initiative. section of the National Highway-28A and the two-
laning of the Sheohar-Sitamarhi section of NH-104.
Namami Gange Scheme
€ A 109-km-long Indian Oil’s Muzaffarpur-Motihari
¾ Namami Gange Programme is an Integrated
LPG pipeline that will provide access to cleaner
Conservation Mission, approved as a ‘Flagship
cooking fuel in the state and also in Nepal.

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Indian Oil’s LPG bottling plant and storage terminal

€
€ The National Health Authority (NHA) has provided
at Motihari. flexibility to States/UTs to use non- Socio-
€ The 62-km line from Bapudham Motihari to Piprahan Economic Caste Census (SECC) beneficiary family
and the gauge conversion of the Narkatiaganj- databases with similar socio-economic profiles
Gaunaha section. for tagging against the leftover (unauthenticated)
¾ He flagged off two trains in the Narkatiaganj-Gaunaha SECC families.
and Raxaul-Jogbani sections. ¾ Funding:
€ The funding for the scheme is shared – 60:40
‘Ayushman Bharat’ Cards for all states and UTs with their own legislature,
90:10 in Northeast states and Jammu and Kashmir,
Issued in Bihar Himachal and Uttarakhand and 100% Central
funding for UTs without legislature.
Why in News?
¾ Nodal Agency:
Recently, the Bihar Government has decided to
€ The National Health Authority (NHA) has been
provide “free medical treatment up to ₹5 lakh every
year to all ration card holders of the state under the constituted as an autonomous entity under
Ayushman Bharat Scheme. the Society Registration Act, 1860 for effective
implementation of PM-JAY in alliance with state
Key Points governments.
€ The State Health Agency (SHA) is the apex
¾ Ayushman Bharat cards were issued to 1.03 crore
families in just six days (till 11 am of March 8). body of the State Government responsible for
the implementation of AB PM-JAY in the State.
¾ All ration card holders covered under the National
Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 get 5 kg of rice, and National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013
can avail free treatment up to ₹5 lakh every year. ¾ It was notified on 10th September, 2013.
¾ According to data compiled by the state health ¾ Its objective is to provide for food and nutritional
department, the maximum number of Ayushman security in the human life cycle approach, by ensuring
Bharat cards at 5,99,609 were issued in Siwan access to adequate quantities of quality food at
district in the six-day campaign, followed by 5,44,018 affordable prices to people to live a life with dignity.
in Muzaffarpur, 5,00,292 in Patna and 4,72,977 in ¾ It covers 75% of the rural population and upto 50%
Madhubani. of the urban population for receiving subsidized
¾ Districts where less than one lakh Ayushman Bharat foodgrains under Targeted Public Distribution
cards were issued in the special campaign are Munger System (TPDS).
(99,984), Kishanganj (76,861), Sheikhpura (58,132) ¾ Overall, NFSA caters to 67% of the total population.
and Sheohar (47,288).
¾ Eligibility:
Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya € Priority Households to be covered under TPDS,
Yojana (PM-JAY) according to guidelines by the State government.
¾ PM-JAY is the world’s largest health insurance € Households covered under existing Antyodaya
scheme fully financed by the government. Anna Yojana.
¾ Launched in February 2018, it offers a sum insured ¾ Provisions:
of Rs.5 lakh per family for secondary care and € 5 Kgs of foodgrains per person per month at
tertiary care. Rs. 3/2/1 per Kg for rice/wheat/coarse grains.
¾ Health Benefit Packages covers surgery, medical and € The existing AAY household will continue to receive
day care treatments, cost of medicines and diagnostics. 35 Kgs of foodgrains per household per month.
¾ Beneficiaries: € Meal and maternity benefit of not less than
€ It is an entitlement-based scheme that targets Rs. 6,000 to pregnant women and lactating
the beneficiaries as identified by latest Socio- mothers during pregnancy and six months after
Economic Caste Census (SECC) data. the child birth.

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€ Meals for children upto 14 years of age. the fastest 10 lakh Smart Prepaid Meter (SPM) installation
in Muzaffarpur and Motihari Circles.
€ Food security allowance to beneficiaries in case
of non-supply of entitled foodgrains or meals. Key Points
€ Setting up of grievance redressal mechanisms
¾ The 10 lakh SPMs in both Muzaffarpur and Motihari
at the district and state level.
Circles were installed in a record 14 months.
¾ The NBPDCL also accomplished the feat of saturation
New Vande Bharat Express of the first rural division of Muzaffarpur Urban-2
Division.
in Bihar
€ This means that 100% of households in the

Why in News? Muzaffarpur Urban-2 Division are covered by

the SPM.
Recently, the Prime Minister unveiled multiple
railway projects in the state along with two new Vande Prepaid Smart Meters
Bharat Express trains. ¾ These are the new generation of energy meters
that are used to record electricity consumption
Key Points in real time.
¾ These were among the projects worth Rs 85,000 ¾ As they are connected to the internet, users and
crore unveiled by the PM through video conference utilities can easily track and monitor electricity
from Ahmedabad. usage and get accurate bills.
¾ The two new Vande Bharat Express trains will be ¾ Their remote meter reading capabilities completely
operated on the Patna-Gomti Nagar and Patna-New eliminate the need for manual inspection, making
Jalpaiguri routes. them highly efficient and convenient.
€ The Patna-Gomti Nagar Vande Bharat will have
halts at the pilgrim towns of Varanasi and Ayodhya
Dham, while a third Vande Bharat, which was
Bihar’s Greenhouse Gas
also flagged off, will stop at Gaya on the way to Emission to Rise Five Times
Varanasi from Ranchi.
by 2070
¾ The PM laid the foundation stone of a washing pit
cum coaching complex at Narkatiaganj. Why in News?
¾ He inaugurated:
According to the ‘Climate Resilient and Low-Carbon
€ The Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor’s New Development Pathway’ report, Bihar’s greenhouse gas
Chiraila Pauthu-New Son Nagar-New Deen Dayal emission is projected to increase 5.2 times by 2070, when
Upadhyaya (DDU) section. India targets to achieve net zero emission.
€ Gati Shakti cargo terminals, Jan Aushadhi drug
stores at Patna and Darbhanga, goods sheds and Key Points
washing pit lines at Arrah and Muzaffarpur. ¾ The findings were in the report drafted by the Bihar
€ ‘One Station One Product’ outlets which would State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB) in association
promote local small farmers and artisans. with the United Nations Environment Programme.
€ The government of Bihar had initiated the process
to prepare the strategy for a climate resilient and
Smart Prepaid Meter Installed low-carbon development pathway in February 2021.
in Bihar ¾ The draft report states that:
€ Bihar’s contribution to national emissions is about
Why in News? 3.3% of India’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2018,
Recently, the North Bihar Power Distribution lower than its share of national population (8.8%),
Company Limited (NBPDCL) reached the milestones of even as they had doubled between 2005 and 2013.

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€ The energy sector was the highest emitter of

¾ More than 70 countries have promised to become
greenhouse gases with a contribution of 69% to
Net Zero by the middle of the century i.e., by 2050.
the total in 2018, followed by agriculture, forest
¾ India has promised to cut its emissions to net zero by
and other land use at 24%, waste management
2070 at the conference of parties-26 (COP) summit.
with 5% and industrial processing and product
use at 2%.
€ If present trend continues, the state’s emissions Begusarai: World’s Most
are projected to increase 5.2 times between 2020 Polluted Metropolitan
and 2070.
€ The energy sector will continue to be the highest Why in News?
emitter, projected to contribute 93% of the total As per the World Air Quality Report 2023 released
emissions. Followed by construction (6%), transport by the Swiss organization IQAir, Bihar’s Begusarai has
(5%) and industries (5%). emerged as the world’s most polluted metropolitan area.
€ The dominance of the power sector in emissions
is because of the continued dependence on coal Key Points
for electricity generation. ¾ The report underscores India’s ranking as the third-
¾ Since most emissions are from the power sector, highest in air pollution levels among 134 countries,
Bihar will need to avoid opening new thermal power following Bangladesh and Pakistan.
plants after 2030 to be consistent with India’s net € This marks a shift from 2022 when India stood

zero 2070 target. at eighth place globally in terms of air pollution.

€ Therefore, the state will need to secure long-term ¾ Begusarai, with an average PM2.5 concentration of
clean energy power purchase agreements with 118.9 micrograms per cubic meter, has surpassed
renewable energy-rich states. all other metropolitan areas.
€ In addition, the state will need to consider options ¾ Delhi has once again been designated as the capital
like rooftop solar panels, floating solar, agri- city with the poorest air quality. Its PM2.5 levels have
photovoltaics and other decentralised forms of also worsened from 89.1 to 92.7 micrograms per
renewable energy proactively. cubic meter in 2023.
€ The capital has retained the title of the most
€ At the same time, end-use sectors of industry,
polluted capital city for the fourth consecutive
transport and real estate will need to be electrified
year since 2018.
so that emissions from them are reduced through
use of renewable energy. ¾ The report highlights that:
€ Approximately 1.36 billion people are exposed
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to PM2.5 levels exceeding the World Health
¾ It is a leading global environmental authority Organization (WHO) guideline of 5 micrograms
established on 5th June 1972. per cubic meter.
¾ It sets the global environmental agenda, promotes € 1.33 billion individuals, equivalent to 96% of the
sustainable development within the United Nations Indian population, are grappling with PM2.5 levels
system, and serves as an authoritative advocate for surpassing the WHO standard by seven times.
global environment protection. ¾ The data for this report was compiled from a
Net Zero Emission comprehensive network of air quality monitoring
¾ It is referred to as carbon neutrality, which does stations and sensors worldwide, involving various
not mean that a country would bring down its institutions, organizations, and citizen scientists.
emissions to zero. € The 2023 report has expanded its coverage to
¾ It is a state in which a country’s emissions are encompass 7,812 locations in 134 countries,
compensated by the absorption and removal of compared to 7,323 locations in 131 countries in
greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. 2022.

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¾ According to the report:
€ Air pollution remains a critical global issue, contributing to approximately one in nine deaths worldwide.

€ The WHO estimates that air pollution leads to seven million premature deaths annually, impacting individuals
with various health conditions such as asthma, cancer, stroke, and lung disease.
€ Exposure to high levels of PM2.5 pollution can also affect children’s cognitive development, mental health, and
exacerbate existing illnesses like diabetes.

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NABARD Projects Credit ¾ The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially
established in Calcutta but was permanently moved
Potential for Bihar to Mumbai in 1937. The Central Office is where the
Governor sits and where policies are formulated.
Why in News?
¾ Though originally privately owned, since
The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural nationalization in 1949, the Reserve Bank is fully
Development (NABARD) has projected Rs 2,43,093 crore owned by the Government of India.
credit potential for Bihar in 2024-25.

Key Points ONGC to Drill Well in Bihar

¾ The estimate has been made taking into account the Why in News?
Reserve Bank of India’s priority sector-based guidelines,
Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONGC) plans to drill a well
Central and state government policies and policies
in Bihar to look for oil and gas.
for sustainable agriculture and rural development.
¾ A commercial discovery will put the state on India’s
¾ The State Focus Paper 2024-25 for Bihar, a compilation
oil map and also open up for exploration the entire
of the assessed credit flow for all 38 districts of the Ganga basin stretching from Bihar to Uttar Pradesh
state was unveiled by the Development Commissioner and Punjab.
at NABARD’s credit seminar.
€ The total credit flow under the priority sector for Key Points
the year 2024-25 is estimated at Rs 2,43,093 crore. ¾ The company has acquired 3D seismic data for 300
¾ There is a need for credit intensification through sq. km for its block in Samastipur and is set to drill
specific planning for each of the sub-sectors under two exploratory wells.
agriculture in Bihar. € The first drilling will be carried out in 2024.
€ Credit plays an important role in economic € Besides this, the oil and gas producer also plans
development and employment generation in to drill an exploratory well in another block in the
the state. Ganga basin in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh.
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural ¾ Data from the first well’s drilling will help guide the
Development (NABARD) company’s plans for the rest of the exploration block,
¾ It is a development bank focussing primarily on the including drilling of the second well.
rural sector of the country. It is the apex banking € Both blocks in Samastipur and Ballia were obtained
institution to provide finance for Agriculture and in the fourth Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP)
rural development. round a few years ago.
¾ Its headquarter is located in Mumbai, the country’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)
financial capital. ¾ It is a Maharatna Public Sector Undertaking (PSU)
¾ It is responsible for the development of the small of the Government of India.
industries, cottage industries, and any other such ¾ It was set up in 1995 and is under the Ministry of
village or rural projects. Petroleum and Natural Gas.
¾ It is a statutory body established in 1982 under the
¾ It is the largest crude oil and natural gas company in
Parliamentary act-National Bank for Agriculture India, contributing around 70% to Indian domestic
and Rural Development Act, 1981. production.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Ganga Basin
¾ It was established on April 1, 1935 in accordance
¾ The headwaters of the Ganga called the ‘Bhagirathi’
with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India are fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the
Act, 1934. Alaknanda at Devprayag in Uttarakhand.

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w w w. d r i s h ti IA S.c om State PCS CA Consolidation MARCH 2024 9
¾ At Haridwar, Ganga emerges from the mountains ¾ The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the
to the plains. Himalayas, a few of them being major rivers such as
the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak, and the Kosi.

Bihar Diwas 2024 The celebration was held with the intention of
€
restoring the people’s pride in the state of Bihar.
Why in News? ¾ Bihar Diwas marks the development of the state
from the Bengal presidency. The state was shaped
Bihar day or Bihar diwas is marked on 22nd March
on 22nd March, 1912, when the British government
every year. It is a public holiday across the state as offices,
partitioned the Bengal Province.
organisations, banks, and educational institutions under
€ The celebration of Bihar Diwas is marked by gaiety
the central and state government remain shut.
and enthusiasm. This is due to the fact that it
Key Points denotes the foundation of their way of life as a
particular state with a unique cultural legacy.
¾ The Bihar Day 2024 marks the fulfilment of 111 years
€ The day also gives the people of Bihar a chance
since the state was founded, making it a critical
to show off their history, culture, traditions, and
achievement for individuals of Bihar to consider their
heritage.
history and celebrate their identity.
¾ Apart from India, it is celebrated in nations including
€ The Bihar government has coordinated a line of the United States, Canada, Bahrain, Qatar, United
multicultural events and programs to celebrate Arab Emirates, Germany, Britain (Scotland), Australia,
the entire day. Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritius.

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Prominent Indian-Americans ¾ The event included messages from Bihar Governor

Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar as well as from Chief Minister
Honoured on ‘Bihar Diwas’ in Nitish Kumar and was attended by several members of
the diaspora hailing from Bihar and the region.
New York € It highlighted the state’s development, tourism,
cultural heritage, the famed Madhubani art form
Why in News? and popular culinary delights.
Recently, four prominent members of the Indian-
American diaspora hailing from Bihar were honoured Bihar Jharkhand Association of North America (BJANA)
here on the occasion of ‘Bihar Diwas’ for their outstanding ¾ It was established in 1976 to bring the people from
achievements and contributions. Bihar to a common platform and facilitate a social
and cultural binding between the people of Bihar
Key Points and Jharkhand in the tri-state area (New York, New
¾ Founder and CEO of Holtec International Dr Kris Singh, Jersey and Connecticut) in the USA.
Wipro’s Chief Operating Officer Amit Choudhary,
founder of PRAN Medical Group Dr Dinesh Ranjan,
and Director at Nutrivet Farmcare Abhinave Atul
The Central Government
were honoured. Cancels the Auction of 13
¾ They were honoured with the ‘Bihar Vishwa Gaurav Crucial Mineral Blocks
Samman’ at a special event hosted by the Consulate
General of India in New York in partnership with Why in News?
the Bihar Foundation USA, East Coast Chapter and Recently, the Centre has cancelled auction for 13 of
the Bihar Jharkhand Association of North America 20 blocks on offer in the first round of critical mineral
(BJANA). bids following poor response from the bidders.

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Key Points ruthenium, iridium, and osmium—are metals that

have similar physical and chemical properties and
¾ These 13 crucial mineral blocks which received poor
tend to occur together in nature.
response hold glauconite, nickel, chromium and
platinum group elements (PGE), potash, etc. They ¾ Earlier, in June 2023, the government released a list
are spread across Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Tamil of 30 minerals considered critical for the country.
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). These include antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cobalt,
copper, gallium, germanium, graphite, hafnium, indium,
€ The PGEs—platinum, palladium, rhodium,

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lithium, molybdenum, niobium, nickel, platinum group geographical locations may lead to supply chain
elements (PGE), phosphorous, and potash. vulnerabilities and even disruption of supplies.
¾ Rare Earth Elements (REE) like rhenium, silicon,
¾ Declaration of Critical Minerals:
strontium, tantalum, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten,
€ It is a dynamic process, and it can evolve over
vanadium, zirconium, selenium and cadmium were
time as new technologies, market dynamics, and
also present in this list.
geopolitical considerations emerge.
Critical Minerals € Different countries may have their own unique
¾ Critical minerals are those minerals that are essential lists of critical minerals based on their specific
for economic development and national security circumstances and priorities.
¾ The lack of availability of these minerals or € Expert Committe under Ministry of Mines has
concentration of extraction or processing in a few identified a set of 30 critical minerals for India.

India Employment Report 2024

Why in News?
According to the India Employment Report 2024, released by the Institute for Human Development and International
Labour Organisation (ILO) the ‘Employment Condition Index’ of the states have improved between 2004-05 and
2021-22.

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w w w. d r i s h ti IA S.c om State PCS CA Consolidation MARCH 2024 13
Key Points than employment for adults; wages and earnings are
stagnant or declining.
¾ The “Employment Condition Index” has improved
between 2004-05 and 2021-22, but some states such ¾ Employment Quality: Almost 82% of the workforce
as Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand, and UP have remained is engaged in the informal sector, and nearly 90% is
at the bottom throughout this period. informally employed. Self-employment and unpaid
€ While some others Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, family work has also increased, especially for women.
Telangana, Uttarakhand, and Gujarat have stayed ¾ Participation of Women: The female Labour Force
at the top. Participation Rate (LFPR) in India remains among
¾ The index is based on seven labour market outcome the world’s lowest. Female LFPR declined by 14.4%
indicators: points (compared to 8.1% points for males) between
€ percentage of workers employed in regular formal 2000 and 2019.
work; € The trend reversed thereafter, with female LFPR
€ percentage of casual labourers; rising by 8.3% points (compared to 1.7% points
€ percentage of self-employed workers below the for male LFPR) between 2019 and 2022.
poverty line; ¾ Structural Transformation: The share of agriculture
€ work participation rate; in total employment fell to around 42% in 2019
€ average monthly earnings of casual labourers; from 60% in 2000. This shift was largely absorbed
€ unemployment rate of secondary and above-
by construction and services, the share of which in
educated youth; total employment increased to 32% in 2019 from
€ youth not in employment and education or training.
23% in 2000.
¾ The report has flagged concerns about poor ¾ Youth Employment: There has been a rise in youth
employment conditions: the slow transition to employment, but the quality of work remains a
non-farm employment has reversed; women largely concern, especially for qualified young workers. In
account for the increase in self-employment and unpaid 2022, the share of unemployed youths in the total
family work; youth employment is of poorer quality unemployed population was 82.9%.
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