Core 3 Obey and Observe Traffic Rules and Regulations

3
Competency-Based Learning Materials (CBLM)
CORE COMPETENCY # 3
Sector:
Automotive and Land Transport

Qualification Title:
Driving NC II
Unit of Competency:
Obey and Observe Traffic Rules and Regulations
Module Title:
Obeying and Observing Traffic Rules and Regulations
Date Compiled: Document No.

DRIVING NC II June 14, 2021 Issued by:
Compiled by: St. Anthony College
Obeying and Observing Ryan Joseph B. Cuasay Calapan City Inc. Page
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HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
The unit of competency, “OBEY AND OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND

REGULATIONS”, is one of the competencies of CORE COMPETENCY, a course which
comprises the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for a TVET trainee to possess.
The module, Obeying and Observing Traffic Rules and Regulations contains training
materials and activities related to the skills and knowledge required to provide a range of CORE
COMPETENCY.
In this module, you are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each learning outcome. In each learning outcome are Information Sheets, Self-checks,
Operation Sheets, Task Sheets, and Job Sheets. Follow and perform the activities on your own.
If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask for assistance from your facilitator.
Remember to:
• Read information sheet and complete the self-checks.
• Perform the Task Sheets, Operation Sheets, and Job Sheets until you are confident that
your outputs conform to the Performance Criteria Checklists that follow the said work
sheets.
• Submit outputs of the Task Sheets, Operation Sheets, and Job Sheets to your facilitator
for evaluation and recording in the Achievement Chart. Outputs shall serve as your
portfolio during the Institutional Competency Evaluation. When you feel confident that you
have had sufficient practice, ask your trainer to evaluate you. The results of your
assessment will be recorded in your Achievement Chart and Progress Chart.
You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this competency before moving
to another competency. A Certificate of Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the
evaluation.
You need to complete this module before you can perform the module ON IMPLEMENT AND
COORDINATE ACCIDENT-EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.

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COMMON COMPETENCY
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
LIST OF COMPETENCIES
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
CARRY OUT MINOR

1 Carrying Out Minor Vehicle ALT723348
VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
Maintenance and Servicing
AND SERVICING
2 DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE Driving Light Vehicle ALT832302
OBEY AND OBSERVE Obeying and Observing

3 TRAFFIC RULES AND Traffic Rules and ALT832303
REGULATIONS Regulations
IMPLEMENT AND
Implementing and Coordinating
4 COORDINATE ACCIDENT-
Accident-Emergency ALT832304
EMERGENCY
Procedures
PROCEDURES

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MODULE CONTENT
MODULES OF INSTRUCTION
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Obey and Observe Traffic Rules and Regulations
MODULE TITLE: Obeying and Observing Traffic Rules and Regulations
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This module covers the skills and knowledge and
attitudes required in obeying and observing traffic rules
and regulations while driving light vehicle.
NOMINAL DURATION: 10 hours
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module the trainee/students should be able to:
LO 1. Observe traffic signs and road markers
LO 2. Obey traffic rules and regulations
LO 3. Practice road courtesy
LO 4. Respect traffic enforcers and other traffic management unit

.

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LEARNING OUTCOME 1
OBSERVE TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD MARKERS
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Traffic signs and road markers are identified and followed in accordance with
concerned traffic authorities.
CONTENTS:
1. Traffic Lights
2. Road signs and Markers
a. Warning signs
b. Regulatory Signs
c. Mandatory Signs
d. Informative Signs
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:
1. Light vehicle unit

2. Ample space for driving with traffic and road signs and markers
3. LTO/LTFRB Code Handbook
4. Learning module
METHODOLOGIES:
1. Self-paced learning
2. Individual practice
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Observation
2. Written Test

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1
OBSERVE TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD MARKERS
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. READ INFORMATION SHEET READ INFORMATION SHEET 3.1-1 After

3.1-1 on Traffic Lights reading you are encouraging to answer the
SELF CHECK on Traffic Lights
2. ANSWER SELF-CHECK 3.1- 1 on Refer to ANSWER KEY 3.1-1 Compare
Traffic Lights answer with the answer key. You are required
to get all answers correct. If not, read
information again to answers all questions
correctly.
3.1-2 on Road Signs reading you are encouraging to answer the
SELF CHECK on Road Signs
Road Signs answer with the answer key. You are
required to get all answers correct. If not, read
information again to answers all
questions correctly.
3.1-3 on Road Markers reading you are encouraging to answer the
SELF CHECK on Road Markers
6. ANSWER SELF-CHECK 3.1- 3 on Refer to ANSWER KEY 3.1-3. Compare
Road Markers answer with the answer key. You are
correctly.
3.1-4 on Traffic Authorities & its Role reading you are encouraging to answer the
SELF CHECK on Traffic Authorities & its Role
Traffic Authorities & its Role answer with the answer key. You are
correctly.

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INFORMATION SHEET 3.1-1
Traffic Lights
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

1. Distinguish the meaning of traffic lights and signal;
2. Identify the reasons of choosing the colors in the traffic lights;
3. Enumerate the other signal aside from traffic lights that drivers and pedestrian should
understand.
Introduction
Understanding the use of traffic lights is one of the basics that every driver and pedestrian should
know. But aside from learning that the lights signal when to stop, pause, and drive ahead, have you
ever wondered why out of seven flashing colors in rainbow, traffic lights use green, yellow, and red?
I mean, why not violet, blue or orange?
To feed your curiosity, we have made a rundown of interesting facts about
traffic lights
The history of traffic lights
Going centuries back, there had been various attempts made to come up with the best possible
solution to control the traffic. In 1868, the first-ever gas-powered traffic light, which only housed
colors green and red, was installed in London.
There’s a policeman in charge of the traffic light as it was manually operated.
After that, the first electric traffic lights were introduced and were posted at Cleveland, Ohio in 1914.
Unlike the previous one, this electric traffic lights come with a warning buzzer, which indicates that
light was about to change. However, in a bustling and noisy street, a warning buzzer was not enough
to notify the drivers inside the vehicle, causing numerous accidents in the area. That’s why in 1920,
a police officer in Detroit named William Potts, added the yellow signal to visually warn the drivers.
Garett Morgan then came into the scene and invented an automated traffic light. He patented it in
1923, which was then granted by the U.S. Patent Office on the same year, and was adapted in
different countries.
In the Philippines, the first traffic light was installed in Plaza Lacson located at Santa Cruz, Manila
in 1938.

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Anatomy of the three-colored traffic lights
The reason why red was chosen to represent the stop signal is that it has
always been associated with the word ‘danger’. Another reason was that red has the longest
wavelength, so it can be visible in greater distance compared to other colors.
If you happen to be a driver who likes to beat the red light, well, I’m telling you that it’s not cool. The
yellow sign is designed and included in the stop light for a reason. It simply serves as a caution for
you to wait, and not to accelerate.
On the side note, did you know that signal lamps were used originally in railroads? In fact, color
white was once used for the ‘go’ sign, and color green for the caution. However, white lights caused
some problems because train conductors could not see it all the time, especially during the day.
Adding to this tricky situation is the tint that causes the red light to appear white, creating confusion
to the operators, which leads to mishaps.
To avoid dangerous situations, officials decided to get rid of white light, and replaced it with green
as go signal. Green was chosen as it can be easily distinguished from the other two. Viola! That’s
how we get the three-colored signal lights that we use in traffic right now.
I. Traffic Signal Lights and Their Meanings

Some of us may not have noticed but the Philippines is one of the luckiest countries to have a lot of
traffic lights along the national and local highways. Unfortunately, we don’t really maximize its use.
In fact, in some cities or towns, traffic enforcers are even present to manage the traffic flow, even if the
traffic lights are functioning properly. Hence, let’s start by understanding these lights in depth.
1. Steady and Flashing Red Light

It is a known fact that when the traffic light turns red,
as a driver, you need to make a full stop. This also
means that you need to allow people to cross the
pedestrian. With the red light on, you can also make a
red turn against it, as long as there is no longer
pedestrian and vehicle traffic. You can also do so if
you do not see any signs that say “No Turn on Red”. Red light means stop
2. Red Arrow Light

Almost similar to the standard red light, a red light with an arrow sign means that you are not allowed to
proceed in the direction where the arrow is pointing. That is until the red arrow light is gone or the green
arrow sign appears.

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In contrast to the red stop light (circle), you are not allowed to turn against a red arrow light. Additionally,
when the red arrow starts to flash, you must make a complete stop before you proceed.
3. Steady and Flashing Yellow Light

The yellow light is actually the most misunderstood
traffic signal in the Philippines. This light indicates that
the red light, which means stop, is about to appear.
Hence, drivers should stop (when it’s safe) or when not
in an intersection.
If you just need to slow down, like you are in the middle
of an intersection, you must make sure that you carefully
look at the oncoming traffic from the intersection and safely The Different Arrows and Their Meaning
drive your car before the red light appears.
4. Yellow Arrow
A yellow arrow simply means that the red arrow is about
to appear. As such, you need to stop if you are not in the
intersection, if in case you are in an intersection, proceed
with caution.
5. Flashing Yellow Arrow

This indicates that you are allowed to proceed to the area
where the arrow is pointing. However, make sure that you
do this with caution and you have yielded the oncoming traffic.
6. Green Light
The green light is also often the most abused traffic signal
colors, especially in the Philippines. Since it indicates “Go”,
drivers often do not care about people and bicycle crossing,
causing accidents.
That being said, although green means go, you have to make
sure that you allow those who are still on the pedestrian to
cross before you even proceed.
Similarly, when the green light is on, turning left is not always allowed. You must make sure that space
is enough for you to turn completely and you won’t become a hazard or a source of traffic.
In case you can make a left turn, you also consider the fact that those heading straight from the other
direction are a priority. Additionally, a green light does not also mean that you can enter an
intersection. You should ensure that you have enough space before doing so.
7. Green Arrow

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Again, green means “go”, so it has the same meaning as the standard green light. However, for a green
arrow, you are allowed to turn right or left, depending on the direction of the arrow.
II. Other Signals

Apart from the basic traffic signal and their meaning that we have discussed above, there are
also other signals that both drivers and pedestrian crossers should understand.
1. Walking Person
As self-explanatory as it may seem, a walking person
symbol light means that you can cross the pedestrian.
In the Philippines, it usually has different colors, such as
green and red, indicating go and stop, respectively.
Some walking person symbols will start to walk fast
when the walk safely light is about to turn red.
2. Raised or Upraised Hand

This may not be a common symbol in the Philippines,
but it is something that one should learn, especially
those who travel a lot. A steady, raised hand signal light
means that no individual should cross or approach the
pedestrian. That is because they will have no time to
reach the other direction or side of the street.
3. Timer
Most of the time, a traffic signal light will be accompanied
by a timer. This is usually called the timer signal. It
indicates the time you have remaining to either cross the
street or drive your car to a certain direction.
For example, if the timer near a green light flashes 15, it
means that you only have 15 seconds left before the light
changes.
III. The traffic light is for safety

The traffic signal light is an important concept that drivers
and the public should learn and understand for the safety
of everyone. That being said, it should always be kept in
mind that even if you’re rushing, the concept of “give and
take” should be practiced.
If the light is green and someone is still crossing and
driving on the intersection, wait until they are safe.

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Likewise, if you are crossing and/or are in the middle
of the pedestrian or intersection when the light turns
green, move fast with caution.

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Road Signs
Learning Objectives: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Distinguish the meaning of road signs;

2. Identify the different colors of road signs;
3. Name the different kinds of road signs.
Introduction
Call it road signs, street signs, or traffic signs, the main

goal of these signs are to provide instructions and
information to drivers and road
users. Basically, it’s for the safety and proper flow of
traffic in the highway. They may be placed above
roads or on the sides in order to ensure that people
easily see them whenever they are on the road. Before,
signs are made of stones and wooden milestone,
but with the advancement of technology nowadays,
modern sign boards are made to prevent rod accident
and manage traffic flow every time people are
using the highway.
Growing Importance of traffic signs in the Philippines

With the increase in traffic volumes in the Philippines, gantry and photolumiscent street signs were
now used. The standardized sign boards are essential in overcoming language barriers as well as in
enhancing traffic safety. For instance, pictorial signs contain symbols like silhouettes with a few words
to make sure people quickly understand them. This is especially required by international protocols to
ensure everyone is safe on the road no matter the nationality.
However, there are categories to be familiar of. Not all Filipinos know this, but that is why traffic signs are
made simpler to help them recognize the symbols easily. The categories include danger warning
signs, priority signs, prohibitory signs, mandatory signs, special regulation signs, service signs,
indication signs additional panels, and many others. For guide signs these include street name signs,
welcome signs, freeway signs, expressway signs, route marker signs and information signs.
In the Philippines, advance directional sign boards help rod users in taking precautions when entering
or exiting an intersection or switching lanes. However, these signs are normally seen on motorways
and expressways where more vehicles on the Philippines, more complex traffic signs systems are
used instead of text-based signage boards.

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Benefits of the Street signs Philippines
The street signs developed in the Philippines are more important than ever. This is due to the growing
number of road users every year. In addition, the need to provide safety measures and guides to
drivers increasingly becomes a main concern to the Philippine government. Hence, reliable signage
makers in the country are in the country are needed to ensure high quality street signs nationwide.
Road marking and traffic signs actually serve as silent speakers in the highway. They help rod users
when navigating the road until their desired location is reached. However, all road users need to
understand each sign and marking placed on the highway. Below are some of the important
guidelines to keep in mind when using the road:
A. Various street signs are seen long the highway. They mainly provide advance information regarding
the direction that drivers are going through. These road markings are also important in giving warning,
orders or guidance to riders.
B. Rod traffic signs are basically created to inform riders and road users of the rules and regulations
they need to follow including special obligations, restrictions and prohibitions. And violating any of
the mandatory signs could bring person to a certain legal offence.
C. Informatory signs are created to properly guide riders along routes while informing them about the
distance between destinations. In addition, it helps recognize points of historical ad geographical
interest along with the details of a safer, more pleasant, and easier travel for rod users.
Standard Color Scheme of Traffic Signs
Red- it means stop, but it also used in yield signs, wrong way signs, do not enter, multi-way
supplemental signs and in other regulatory symbols
Fluorescent pink – incident management sign boards used this color in the background to provide
better milestones to riders.
Coral – this color is unassigned, but is reserved for future use.
Orange – this is the background color of temporary signs to control traffic flow.
Yellow – school signs and warning signs mainly use yellow as their background color except for
temporary signs.
Fluorescent Yellow Green – bicycle, pedestrian and school warning signage use this color as
background.
Green – parking signs, permissive regulation signs, information and guide signs use this color.
Light Blue – another unassigned color that is reserve for future use.
Blue – this is the background color used in emergency evacuation routes, traveler service information
signs, and other route markers on the road.
Purple – this color is again reserved for future use.
Brown – information and guide signage use brown as background color as well as other signs that are
associated with cultural and recreational points.
Black – this is the background color of one wy signs, truck regulatory signage, night speed limit, and
other signs with fluorescent pink, orange, yellow, white and yellow green background colors.

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White – regulatory signs use white in the background as well as signs with brown, black, blue, green,
and red background colors.
Philippines’ Signage Maker Choice

The standard traffic signs used in the Philippines are sully in the Road signs and Pavement Markings
Manual. The Department of Public Works and Highway is the government body that regulates traffic
nationwide. Most waning sign boards show black symbols on white background in a red bordered
equilateral triangle. However, there are added panels to help supplement meanings so that road
users easily understand them.
Warning signs:
Warning Signs are types of signs which indicates a potential hazard, obstacle or condition requiring
special attention. Some are traffic signs that indicate hazards on roads that may not be readily apparent
to a driver.
While warning traffic sign designs vary, they usually take the shape of an equilateral triangle with a
white background and thick red border.
1. Horizontal Signs
These signs are used to indicate the type of road curve ahead of the motorist.
2. Intersection Signs
Signs when one approaches an intersection or junctions.

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3. Advance Warning / Traffic Control Device Signs
Signs when one approaches an intersection or junction

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4. Road Width Signs

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a. Road Obstacle Signs

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b. Pedestrian Signs

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c. Railway Level Crossing Signs

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5. Supplementary Signs
6. Other Signs

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Regulatory Signs:
One type of regulatory signs is traffic signs intended to instruct road users on what they must or
should do (or not do) under a given set of circumstances.
1. Priority Signs
a. Directional Signs
These signs indicate the direction(s) in which the motorist is obliged to follow

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b. Prohibited / Restriction Signs

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c. Speed Signs
d. Parking and Stopping Signs

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e. Miscellaneous Signs

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Informative/Guide sign:
Informative sign is a very legibly printed and very noticeable placard that informs people of the
purpose of an object, or gives them instruction on the use of something. An example is a traffic sign
such as a stop sign.
1. Advance Direction Signs
2. Intersection Direction Signs
3. Reassurance Direction Signs

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4. Fingerboard Direction Signs
5. Street Name Signs

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6. Town Names and Geographical Feture Signs
Signs that convey the general information of interest, such as geographical locations
7. Service Signs

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8. Tourist Information and Tourist Destinations Signs
9. Route Markers
Identification route number of arterial and national highway and direction of the route.

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10. Asian Highway Route Markers

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Signs on Expressway
These signs are essential for the driver to have an advance information to ensure that they can position
their vehicles in the correct lanes.
1. Expressway approach Signs
Installed in advance or t the nearest intersection or interchange leading to the expressway.
2. Express Information Signs

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3. Advance Exit Signs Placed at the advance of an exit toll
4. Expressway Exit Direction Signs
Exit signs posted overhead before the exit ramp of the interchange.
5. Expressway Service Signs

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6. Start and End of Expressway Signs
7. Expressway Traffic Instruction and Regulatory Signs Traffic Instruction Signs
These special signs are normally seen exclusively for expressways

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Traffic Instruction Signs
These signs instruct the motorist to follow direction or to obey a course of action. It is in conjunction with
regulatory or warning signs to form a standard treatment, and to support the operation of traffic rules.
A. Supplementary Signs
B. Movement Instructions signs

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Hazard Markers
These are used to emphasize to the approaching driver a marked change in the direction of travel and
the presence of an obstraction.
Type of Hard Markers
ONE-WAY HAZARD MARKERS – indicate to the

approaching driver the direction to be followed at the
end of the road.
CHEVRON SIGNS – guide

the drivers through a change in
horizontal alignment of the road.
TWO-WAY HAZARD MARKERS- warns the diver

ahead that the road ahead is about to change direction.

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Road Work Signs

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Road Markers
Learning Objectives: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify the different road markers,

2. Classify the road markers,
3. Name the type road markers.
Road markings are a great mystery to most of our local drivers. Many hate to admit it, but ask them
to explain what a painted center island is and you’ll probably get the same response you get when
you try and explain the proper use of a shoulder to a Filipino: I don’t know or I don’t care. It also
doesn‟t help that our local government units and infrastructure developers have ambiguous standards
when it comes to proper road markings, do we have yellow lines or not? Why do we have some
European style markings mixed with United States standards?
So in order to identify those simple painted lines on the road, the simplify the meaning and
understanding of these lines which most drivers treat merely as nice decorations
Single White / Yellow Dotted Line
Dotted white / Yellow line on a two lane road separates traffic

moving on opposite directions.
On a one-waystreet it separates traffic moving in one direction.
Overtaking is possible when other lane is clear of oncoming traffic.

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Single White / Yellow Continuous Line
A continuous line separates traffic moving in opposite directions.
You will find a white / yellow continuous line in road sections that
are dangerous.
Passing or overtaking can be made but ONLY under

circumstances when there is no oncoming traffic.
Yellow continuous line on road provided w/ a passing lane
Passing lanes are common on mountain and mall roads
Slow moving vehicles such as buses and heavy truck should

always use the outer lane 1
Lanes 2 is for vehicles to pass without having to use lane 3
Vehicles using lane 3 should not use lane 2 for overtaking.

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Double yellow line - ABSOLUTELY NO OVERTAKING
A double yellow or white line with a dotted line in between means ABSOLUTELY NO
OVERTAKING.
Overtaking here in both directions is extremely

hazardous.
Stay in your lane until you pass the end of the solid
line.
A yellow or white line with a dotted white means that

you cannot overtake if the solid line is on your side.
If you overtake, return to your lane before the solid line

as in car 1
Car 2 is overtaking after the solid line. THIS IS

CORRECT.
Car 3 is overtaking BEFORE he reached the end of solid line. THIS IS WRONG
Single White / Yellow Continuous Line
On a 4 lane road when there are slow fast lanes

NEVER OVERTAKE by passing over the solid white /
yellow line.
Lanes 1 & 4 are for slow moving vehicles. Vehicles on

this lane should not be below the minimum speed limit.
Lanes 2 & 3 are usually for faster moving vehicles.

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Cross Walk
Crosswalk or pedestrian lane is for pedestrians to cross.
Stop for a pedestrian on an intersection with no traffic light
Does no stop ON a pedestrian lane or crosswalk specially

to load and unload passengers?
Pedestrian should ALWAYS cross s street on a crosswalk.
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
They are in the forms of lines, symbols, messages or numerals and maybe set into the surface of,
applied upon, or attached to the pavement. In some cases, pavement markings are used as a
supplement to other traffic control devices, such as traffic signals and road signs. It simply guides
traffic or gives advance warning or may impose reactions supported by traffic regulations.
A. LONGITUDINAL LINES
1. CENTER LINE (OR SEPARATION LINE)

– crossing of solid white lines requires special
care and is discouraged.

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2. LANE LINE – changing of lane is allowed
provided that it is safe to do so and will not result
to obstruction.
3. BARRIER LINE DOUBLE SOLID YELLOW

LINES –never cross to pass another vehicle
unless permitted.
4. SINGLE SOLID YELLOW LINE – means

overtaking is prohibited on both directions.
5. SOLID YELOW LANE ON LEFT OF TRAFFIC

DIRECTION – a driver must not stop at the side
of road marked with continuous yellow edge
line.

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6. BROKEN YELLOW LINE –
means passing is
7. BROKEN AND SOLID YELLOW

LINE – overtaking is permitted on
the side of the broken line but not
on side of solid line.
8. EDGE LINE – used to outline separate

the outside edge of the pavement from
the shoulder.

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Traffic Authorities and its Role
Learning Objective:
After reading this information sheet the trainees are expected to identify the roles of traffic enforcer.
Role of Traffic Enforcers
1. To manage traffic flow

2. To assist transportation
3. To prevent road mishap
4. To maintain safety in roads
5. To serve as crime watchers
6. To serve as commuter/traveler’s guide
Traffic enforcers
Land Transportation Office (LTO)
The LTO is the agency in charge of the issuance of

driver's licenses and permits. It administers the exam
needed before motorists can get behind the wheel. If a
motorist incurs a violation, the LTO can cancel or revoke
his or her license.
The LTO is also in charge of registering motor vehicles

nationwide and issuing vehicle license plates.
The fees collected for motor vehicle registrations include the motor vehicle user's charge (MVUC), used
by the Road Board to fund certain projects.
The LTO is also involved in the enforcement of traffic rules and regulations, with the authority to
confiscate drivers' licenses. It can also tap personnel from other agencies to enforce traffic rules, but
only those deputized by the LTO are authorized to confiscate licenses.
Apprehended motorists can settle their cases or contest the violations in the LTO regional or district
office specified in the temporary operator's permit (TOP), which will be issued to the apprehended
driver or operator.

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Transport and Traffic Management
Transport and Traffic Management - which includes the formulation, coordination and monitoring of
policies, standards, programs and projects to rationalize the existing transport operations,
infrastructure requirements, the use of thoroughfares; and promotion of safe and convenient
movement of persons, goods; provision for the mass transport system and the institution of a
system to regulate road users; administration and implementation of all traffic enforcement
operations, traffic engineering services and traffic education programs, including the institution of
a single ticketing system.
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
While the MMDA is best known for its role in managing

traffic, it has a host of other responsibilities as well.
Functions under its jurisdiction include those "which have
metro- wide impact and transcend local political
boundaries" in the capital region.
Aside from its role of transport and traffic management –

such as catching traffic violators
or clearing side streets to improve the flow of traffic – the MMDA also has functions in solid waste
disposal and management, flood control programs, health and sanitation programs, and public
safety programs, such as disaster relief operations.
MMDA traffic enforcers generally cannot confiscate a driver's license, unless the driver was
involved in a traffic accident, has accumulated 3 or more violations, or has been apprehended for
violations such as over speeding or counter flowing, among others.
Highway Patrol Group General Duties
Highway patrolmen spend much of their time enforcing laws on public highways, assisting motorists
in need of help, and working with other emergency officials to help manage and eventually clear
accident scenes. They also assist local police forces in apprehending criminals or assisting in
emergency situations. Highway patrol officers often come into contact with dangerous situations.
They are trained to know how to spot potential danger and how to properly handle dangerous
situations.
Off Road Duties

The duties of the highway patrol go beyond just handling accidents and assisting local law
enforcement. They also help with areas that do not pertain to the roadways. Many highway
patrolmen work in court houses helping with the processing and transfer of prisoners. They might
also have to testify in court as an official of the state. This requires remembering events that took
place, reporting such events to superiors, and keeping proper documentation.

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LEARNING OUTCOME #2: Obey Traffic Rules and Regulation
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. READ INFORMATION READ INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-1 After
SHEET 3.2-1 on Traffic reading you are encouraging to answer the
Rules and Regulation SELF CHECK on Traffic Rules a n d
Regulation
2. ANSWER SELF-CHECK 3.2- 1 Refer to ANSWER KEY 3.2-1 Compare
on Traffic Rules and Regulation answer with the answer key. You are required
to get all answers correct. If not, read
correctly.
3. READ INFORMATION READ INFORMATION SHEET 3.2-2 After

SHEET 3.2-2 on Driving reading you are encouraging to answer the
Permit and Other Relevant SELF CHECK on Driving Permit and Other
Documents Relevant Documents
4. ANSWER SELF-CHECK 3.2- 2 Refer to ANSWER KEY 3.2-2 Compare
on Driving Permit and Other answer with the answer key. You are required
Relevant Documents to get all answers correct. If not, read
information again to answers all
questions correctly.

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Traffic Rules and Regulation
Learning Objectives: After reading this information, the trainees are able to:
1. Name the different RA governing the traffic

2. Interpret the different Laws on the traffic
3. Comprehend the laws on traffic
Introduction: Traffic laws – are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of
the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed overtime to facilitate the
orderly and timely flow of traffic.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10930

AN ACT RATIONALIZING AND STRENGTHENING THE POLICY REGARDING DRIVER'S
LICENSE BY EXTENDING THE VALIDITY
PERIOD OF DRIVERS' LICENSES, AND PENALIZING ACTS IN VIOLATION OF ITS ISSUANCE

AND APPLICATION AMENDING FOR THOSE PURPOSES SECTION 23 OF REPUBLIC ACT
NO. 4136, AS AMENDED BY BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 398 AND EXECUTIVE ORDER
NO.1011, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE LAND TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC CODE
RA 10930 amends Section 23 of the existing Land and Transportation Code (RA 4136), allowing all
drivers to extend the validity of their licenses from three to five years. This does not, however, apply to
student licenses.
The new law also provides rewards for good drivers, as those who will renew without any outstanding
violation will be granted a 10-year validity, subject to restrictions and other policies by the LTO.
Longer validity would also mean stricter guidelines, as the law now provides sanctions for erring
government officials and drivers who try to squeal their way into the system. A fine of Php20,000 will
be imposed on an applicant deemed to have cheated, connived with a government employee, or
falsified documents. Erring employees, on the other end, will be removed from office.
The LTO is also tasked to issue guidelines on the new law to ensure that only qualified drivers will be
granted the extended validity.
Republic Act No. 10666

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE SAFEW OF CHILDREN ABOARD
MOTORCYCLES Otherwise known as the "Children's Safety on Motorcycles Act of 20'15"

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Under Republic Act 10666 or Children’s Safety on Motorcycles Act of 2015, two-wheeled motorcycle
riders may not be allowed to drive a motorcycle with a small child on board. The Implementing
Rules and Regulations (IRR) stipulate that only children whose feet can reach the foot peg, could wrap
their arms around the driver’s waist, and wears protective gear such as a helmet may be allowed to ride
on a motorcycle with an adult.
The law covers all public roads, including roads where there is a heavy volume of vehicles, where there
is a high-density of fast-moving vehicles, or where the speed limit is more than 60kph. An exception
applies only to cases where a child to be transported requires immediate medical attention.
Violators will be fined PHP 3,000 on their first offense, PHP 5,000 on their second offense, and PHP
10,000 on their third offense and suspension of driver’s license for a month. Beyond the third offense,
violators will have their licenses revoked.
The Department of Transportation believes that this proactive and preventive approach will secure
the safety of passengers, especially children. The Land Transportation Office (LTO) shall be the lead
implementing agency and may deputize traffic enforcers and Local Government Units (LGUs) to
implement the law.
RA 10666 was signed on July 21, 2015 but was only implemented now upon the aggressive push of
Secretary Art Tugade.
According to the World Health Organization, in its 2015 Global Status Report on Road Safety, 53% of
reported road fatalities in the Philippines involved motorcycle riders.
1. What is RA1066 or the Children’s Safety on Motorcycles Act of 2015?

RA1066 or the Children’s Safety on Motorcycles Act of 2015 prohibits any person from driving
a motorcycle on public roads with a child on board.
2. When will the law be implemented?

The law will take effect on May 19, 2017 (Friday).
3. What are the roads covered by the law?

The law covers all public roads nationwide such as but not limited to national highways,
provincial roads, and municipal and barangay streets. This also includes roads where
there is a heavy volume of vehicles, there is a high-density of fast moving vehicles, or where
a speed limit of more than 60kph is imposed.
4. What type of motorcycles are covered by the law?

This covers any two-wheeled motor vehicles having one or two riding saddles.
5. Are all children covered by the law? What are the exemptions?
A child refers to any person below 18 years old. However, a child may be allowed to board a
motorcycle on public roads if: the child passenger can comfortably reach his/her feet on the
standard foot peg of the motorcycle; the child’s arms can reach around and grasp the waist of
the motorcycle rider; and the child is wearing a standard protective helmet or gear.
6. Are children allowed to ride in front of the rider? Sitting in front of the rider is not allowed.

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7. How about medical emergencies?
The law does not apply to cases where the child to be transported requires immediate
medical attention.
8. What are the penalties for violators? First Offense – PHP 3,000
Second Offense – PHP 5,000
Third Offense – PHP 10,000 and one-month suspension of driver’s license
Violation beyond the third time – Automatic revocation of driver’s license
9. Who will enforce the law?

The DOTr - Land Transportation Office (LTO) is the lead implementing agency of the Act.
The LTO also has the authority to deputize members of the PNP, MMDA, and LGUs to
carry out enforcement functions and duties.
10.Why is this law important?

This is a proactive and preventive approach to secure the safety of child passengers. It is
the policy of the State to protect children.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10586

AN ACT PENALIZING PERSONS DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL,
DANGEROUS DRUGS, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Do NOT drink and drive
The dangerous effects of drunk and drugged driving, labelled as Driving under the influence of
alcohol (DUIA) and Driving under the influence of dangerous drugs and other similar
substances (DUID) under the new law, also known as Driving Under the Influence (DUI) in other
jurisdictions, is an open book. As noted in the explanatory note of one of the consolidated S e n a t e
B i l l s , “ alcohol i s s o c i e t y ’ s l e g a l , o l d e s t , a n d m o s t popular drug. In 2002, it was estimated
that a total of 14,700 individuals in the United States died in alcohol-related traffic crashes. This
figure comprises 41% of the 42,815 reported traffic fatalities. Here in the Philippines, although such
figures are not similarly available, it is well knowing that driving under the influence of drugs of alcohol
present a serious and growing threat to the safety of the populace.”
The policy behind Republic Act No. 10586 is to penalize the acts of driving under the influence of
alcohol, dangerous drugs and other intoxicating substances, and to inculcate the standards of safe
driving and the benefits that may be derived from it through institutional programs and appropriate
public information strategies.
To save lives, and to avoid imprisonment, do NOT drink and drive.

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What is the coverage of the law?
The law covers all acts of driving and/or operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of
alcohol, and/or dangerous drugs and similar substances. Motor vehicle refers to any land
transportation vehicle propelled by any power other than muscular power, including: (1) Trucks and
buses, which are motor vehicles with gross vehicle weight from 4501 kg and above; and (2)
Motorcycles, which are two- or three-wheeled motor vehicles and which may include a side-car
attached thereto.
Are there criminal penalties under R.A. 10586?

Yes, offenders can be imprisoned. The law, in fact, penalizes both the DRIVER and the OWNER of
the vehicle involved.
Liability of drivers
A driver found to have been driving a motor vehicle and committing the act of DUIA or DUID shall
be penalized as follows:
• a. If the violation did not result in physical injuries or homicide, the penalty of three (3)
months imprisonment, and a fine ranging from Php 20,000 Php 80,000.00 shall be imposed;
• b. If the violation resulted in physical injuries, the penalty provided in Article 263 of the Revised
Penal Code or the penalty provided in the next preceding subparagraph, whichever is higher,
and a fine ranging from Php 100,000 to Php 200,000 shall be imposed;
• c. If the violation resulted in homicide, the penalty provided in Article 249 of the Revised
Penal Code and a fine ranging from Php 300,000 to Php 500,000 shall be imposed; and
• d. The non-professional driver’s license of any person found to have violated the law shall also
be confiscated and suspended for a period of twelve (12) months for the first conviction and
perpetually revoked for the second conviction. The professional driver’s license shall also be
confiscated and perpetually revoked for the first conviction. The perpetual revocation of a driver’s
license shall disqualify the person from being granted any kind of driver’s license thereafter.
• e. The prosecution for any violation of this law shall be without prejudice to criminal
prosecution for violation of the Revised Penal Code, Republic Act No. 9165 and other special
laws and existing local ordinances, whenever applicable.
Direct liability of operator and/or owner

The owner and/or operator of the motor vehicle driven by the offender (including owners and/or
operators of public utility vehicles and commercial vehicles such as delivery vans, cargo trucks,
container trucks, school and company buses, hotel transports, cars or vans for rent, taxi cabs, and
the like) shall be directly and principally held liable together with the offender for the fine and the
award against the offender for civil damages unless he/she is able to convincingly prove that he/she

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has exercised extraordinary diligence in the selection and supervision of his/her drivers in general
and the offending driver in particular.
What is DUIA?
“Driving under the influence of alcohol” or DUIA refers to the act of operating a motor vehicle while
the driver’s BAC level has, after being subjected to an ABA test, reached the level of intoxication,
as established jointly by the DOH, the NAPOLCOM and the DOTC, in these Rules. For this purpose,
a driver of a private motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight not exceeding 4500 kg. a BAC of 0.05%
or higher shall be conclusive proof that said driver is driving under the influence of alcohol. For
drivers of trucks, buses, motorcycles and public utility vehicles, a BAC of more than 0.0% shall be
conclusive proof that said driver is driving under the influence of alcohol.
What is DUID?
“Driving under the influence of dangerous drugs and other similar substances” or DUID refers to the
act of operating a motor vehicle while the driver, after being subjected to a confirmatory test as
mandated under the law, is found to be positive for use of any dangerous drug.
Who is LEO?
“LEO” refers to “Law Enforcement Officers” of the Land Transportation Office (LTO) or authorized
officer trained and deputized by the LTO to enforce the provisions of this law.
What is the procedure for apprehension under this law?
The basic requirement for apprehension is the existence of probable cause. In ALL cases, the
burden of proof to establish the existence of probable cause is on the LEO.
Probable cause shall mean that the LEO has reasonable ground to believe that the person driving
the motor vehicle is under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar
substances upon personally witnessing a traffic offense committed by means of lane straddling,
making sudden stops, over speeding, swerving or weaving in such an apparent way as to indicate
that the driver is under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or other similar substances.
In the course of apprehension for another traffic offense, the evident smell of alcohol in a driver‟s
breath, generally slurred speech in response to questioning, bloodshot or reddish eyes, flushed face,
poor coordination, difficulty in understanding and responding intelligently to questions shall also
constitute probable cause.
What is the procedure in screening for DUIA?

Screening for driving under the influence of alcohol or DUIA is done under the following procedure:
1. Upon personal determination of probable cause, a deputized LEO shall flag down the motor
vehicle, direct the driver to step out of the vehicle and determine whether or not the driver is drunk
or drugged. If the LEO has reasonable grounds to believe that the driver is drunk, the LEO
shall expressly inform the driver of his assessment and the driver shall be directed to perform
the entire three (3) above enumerated field sobriety test on site.
2. The LEO shall record the driver’s responses to the field sobriety tests above enumerated, which record
shall form part of the records of the case.
3. If the driver passes all of the three (3) field sobriety tests, the driver shall be apprehended for the
other traffic offense only and not for violation of this law.

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4. If the driver fails any of the field sobriety tests, the LEO shall proceed to determine the driver’s
BAC level, through the use of the ABA, on site.
5. A driver of a motor vehicle who refuses to undergo the mandatory testing as required shall be
penalized by the confiscation and automatic revocation of his/her driver’s license, in addition to
other penalties provided herein and/or other pertinent law, after compliance with the requirement
of due process.
6. A driver who, after ABA testing, registers a BAC higher than the prescribed limit shall be put
under arrest and the motor vehicle impounded. The LEO shall observe the proper procedure in
effecting the arrest and bringing the driver to the nearest police station for detention. The
motor vehicle shall also be brought to the nearest LTO impounding area until the same is
claimed by an authorized representative of its registered owner.
7. In case of a BAC within the allowed limit, the driver shall be apprehended for the other traffic
offense only and not for violation of this law.
8. Under no circumstance shall a driver, who has undergone and passed the field sobriety test
and/or ABA test, be subjected to drug screening test afterwards.
9. The LEO shall accomplish the following preparatory to the turnover of the case to the police
officer-on-duty of the nearest police station:
• i A complaint/charge sheet;
• ii Results of the field sobriety tests/ABA test in the prescribed format;
• iii. Inventory of items under temporary custody (to include motor vehicle when necessary); and
• iv. Other pertinent documents.
What are the Field Sobriety Tests?

There are three Field Sobriety Tests, which are standardized tests to initially assess and determine
intoxication, namely: the eye test (horizontal gaze nystagmus), the walk-and-turn and the one-leg
stand.
• The Eye Test (“horizontal gaze nystagmus”) refers to? Horizontal or lateral jerking of the
driver’s eyes as he or she gazes sideways following a moving object such as a pen or the tip
of a penlight held by the LEO from a distance of about one (1) foot away from the face of the
driver.
• 2. The Walk-and-Turn Test requires the driver to walk heel-to-toe along a straight line for
nine (9) steps, turn at the end and return to the point of origin without any difficulty.
• 3. The One-Leg Stand Test requires the driver to stand on either right or left leg with both
arms on the side. The driver is instructed to keep the foot raised about six (6) inches off the
ground for thirty (30) seconds.
The LTO is required to publish the guidelines and procedures for the proper conduct of field sobriety
tests, which guidelines shall be made available to the public and made available for download through
the official LTO website. These are the same guidelines to be used in training the LEOs.
What is the procedure in screening for DUID?
If probably cause exists, the LEO shall follow the following procedure to screen for driving under the
influence of dangerous drugs and other similar substances (DUID):
1. Upon personal determination of probable cause, a deputized LEO shall flag down the motor
vehicle, direct the driver to step out of the vehicle and determine whether or not the driver is drunk or

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drugged. If the LEO has reasonable grounds to believe that the driver is drugged, the LEO shall
expressly inform the driver of his assessment and shall bring the driver to the nearest police station.
2. At the police station, the driver shall be subjected to a drug screening test, in accordance with
existing operational rules and procedures, and if positive, a drug confirmatory test under Republic Act
No. 9165.
3. Under no circumstance shall a driver, who has undergone and passed the drug, be subjected to
field sobriety test and/or ABA test afterwards.
4. After a positive confirmation, the LEO shall accomplish the following preparatory to the turnover
of the case to the police officer-on-duty of the nearest police station:
• i. Results of the conduct of the DRP in the prescribed format;
• ii. Inventory of items under temporary custody (to include motor vehicle when
necessary); and
• iii. Other pertinent documents.
5. Without positive confirmation, the driver shall be apprehended for the other traffic offense only
and not for violation of this law.
What happens to the Driver’s License of those apprehended under the law?
All driver‟s licenses confiscated under these rules shall be turned over to LTO for safekeeping
and shall be released by LTO only after final disposition or lawful order of the courts.
When is alcohol and drug testing mandatory?

A driver of a motor vehicle involved in a vehicular accident resulting in the loss of human life or physical
injuries shall be subjected to on site field sobriety test and ABA testing, whenever practicable, and,
thereafter chemical tests, including a drug screening test and, if necessary, a drug confirmatory
test as mandated under Republic Act No. 9165, to determine the presence and/or concentration of
alcohol, dangerous drugs and/or similar substances in the bloodstream or body. A LEO may use
other alcohol testing equipment, such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS),
whenever the use of an ABA is not practicable under prevailing circumstances.
A driver of a motor vehicle who refuses to undergo the mandatory testing as required shall be
penalized by the confiscation and automatic revocation of his or her driver’s license, in addition to
other penalties provided herein and/or other pertinent laws.
Can the LTO conduct RANDOM drug testing?

Yes, but only for drivers of PUVs. The LTO shall conduct random terminal inspections and quick
random drug tests of public utility drivers. A driver of a motor vehicle who refuses to undergo quick
random drug tests as required shall be penalized by the confiscation and automatic revocation of his
or her driver’s license, in addition to other penalties provided herein and/or other pertinent laws.
Can any traffic enforcer be a LEO?

No. LEOs must possess the required qualifications and undergo the requisite deputation
procedures. The LTO may deputize only active members of the PNP, the Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority (MMDA) and LGUs, who are occupying permanent position items and whose
present work assignments are directly and actually related to traffic management and control. LTO

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enforcement officers, by virtue of their functions, need not be deputized to enforce and implement
these rules. However, said LTO enforcers shall be subject to the same reportorial and procedural
guidelines set forth herein. LEOs with previous deputations revoked for any reason whatsoever
shall not be qualified for further deputation.
A deputation order shall be valid for six (6) months from date of issue and may be renewed every
six (6) months thereafter unless earlier recalled by the LTO Assistant Secretary. The LTO shall
maintain and update the list of deputized LEOs and other records such as information sheet of
deputies, deputation orders, ID‟s, TOP booklets and other relevant documents.
What is the procedure to be observed by LEOs for deputation?

All LEOs must: (a) submit, prior to deputation, certain requirements to the LTO; (b) undergo
Deputies Training Seminar that includes required subject areas; and (c) pass the written and other
examinations to be administered by the LTO. The requirements to be submitted by LEOs to the LTO
include the information sheet duly indorsed by the Head of Office/agency, a certified true copy of
the Certificate of Appointment, a certification from the recommending government agency that the
LEO has no record of or pending administrative or criminal cases, and valid drug test results taken
within the past six months prior to application.
What are the liabilities of deputized LEOs?

Any deputized LEO shall be held liable under the following:
1. Soliciting or accepting, directly or indirectly any gift, gratuity, favour, entertainment,
loan or anything of monetary value from any person in the course of his or her official duties or in
connection with any operation being regulated by, or any transaction which may be affected by the
functions of his or her office under this law.
2. Republic Act No. 6713 otherwise known as the “Code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards for Public Officials” and Employees, Republic Act No. 3019 otherwise known as the “Anti-
Graft and Corrupt Practices Act”, Republic Act No. 9485 otherwise known as “Anti-Red Tape Act”
and other applicable laws.
What are the grounds for revocation of the deputation order?

The revocation of a LEO deputation may be initiated by a verified complaint, filed directly before
LTO which shall conduct the investigation of the complaint. Pending the resolution of the complaint,
the LTO Assistant Secretary may order the suspension of the deputation to preclude any incident
of harassment of the complainant. A Show Because Order shall be issued against the deputized
LEO to answer the charges against him/her. The LTO Assistant Secretary may suspend or revoke
any deputation order at any time for any reason whatsoever.
Any of the following causes shall constitute sufficient ground for the revocation of the deputation:
(1) Discourteous conduct; (2) Extortion;(3) Negligence; (4) Insubordination; (5) Misconduct; (6)
Abuse of authority;(7) Incompetence and inefficiency; (8) Corruption; (9) Failure to submit
apprehension report within 24 hours from date and time of apprehension;

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(10) Any offense involving moral turpitude; (11) Separation from government service; (12) Dishonesty;
(13) Death; (14) Withdrawal of endorsement by Head of Agency who endorsed the request for
deputation; (15) Use of dangerous drugs and other similar substances before and during the period
of deputation; (16) Intoxication while in the performance of duty; and
(17) Other causes similar to and analogous to the foregoing.
DEPARTMENT ORDER NO.2018-008: GUIDELINES ON THE ACCREDITATION OF SPEED

LIMITER INSTALLERS AND TESTING FACILITIES PURSUANT TO REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10916,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE ROAD SPEED LIMITER ACT OF 2016
Equipment for installation of speed limiters;

j. Liability Insurance;
k. Certified true copy of Mayor's Permit;
I. List of all equipment, including manual and reference materials required for the calibrations and
tests, manual of the test procedures and personnel;
m. Procedure for handling complaints;
n. Location map and layout of the facility; and
o. Picture of the establishment
4.3. The DTI, after thorough evaluation, shall then issue the necessary accreditation documents
to the person, establishment, or institution. For this purpose, the DTI may seek clarification from
the Applicant on the form and contents of their submitted documents. It may also make inquiries
4 with any person, government authority, client organization, officer, director, employee or other
agent of any applicant or affiliate of any of these entities for the purpose of clarifying any matter
included in the submitted documents.
5. ACCREDITATION OF TESTING FACILITIES

5.1. Only testing facilities which conform to PNS UNR 89:2016, Annex 5: Tests and Performance
Requirements shall be permitted to test speed limiters on covered vehicles.
5.2. The testing facilities shall submit the following minimum requirements to the DTI for
accreditation:
a. For Sole Proprietorships, Certificate of Business Name Registration from DTI;
b. For corporations/partnerships, Securities and Exchange Commission Certificate of
Registration, Articles of Incorporation/Partnership and By-Laws, and Board Resolution
certified by the Corporate Secretary, specifying the name of the authorized representative
who must be an officer of the corporation/partnership;
c. For Cooperatives, Cooperative Development Authority Certificate and By-Laws, and Board
Resolution, certified by the Cooperative Secretary, specifying the name of the authorized
representative who must be an officer of the cooperative;
d. Bureau of internal Revenue (BIR) Registration and Tax Identification Number;
e. SSS Membership Certificate;

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f. Audited Financial Statement for the last two (2) years or a Pre- Operating Financial
Statement, whichever is applicable, showing that the owner-applicant shall be of financial
capacity to operate for at least one (1) year;
g. List of personnel involved in the operations of the facility with their job descriptions,
responsibilities, and qualifications including at least three (3) technicians with valid
Certificates of Competency from the testing machine manufacturer to operate the testing
machine and conduct other testing procedures;
h. Proof that the procedure for testing complies with PNS UNR 89:2016, Annex 5: Tests and
Performance Requirements or equivalent internationally recognized standard;
i. List of all equipment, including manual and reference materials required for the device testing;
j. Liability Insurance;
k. Certified true copy of Mayor's Permit;
I. Procedure for handling complaints;
m. Location map and layout of the facility; and
n. Picture of the testing facility
5.3. The DTI, after thorough evaluation, shall then issue the necessary accreditation documents
to the person, establishment, or institution. For this purpose, the DTI may seek clarification from the
Applicant on the form and contents of their submitted documents. It may also make inquiries with any
person, government authority, client organization, officer, director, employee or other agent of any
applicant or affiliate of any of these entities for the purpose of clarifying any matter included in the
submitted documents.
REPUBLIC ACT NO.10916 –
AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY INSTALLATION OF SPEED

LIMITER IN PUBLIC UTILITY AND CERTAIN TYPES OF VEHICLES
The importance of Speed Limiter
SPEED Kills! That’s a fact, it took a spate of

deadly road incidents that claimed the lives
of people for our beloved legislators to pass
a law that now mandates trucks, buses and
public-utility vehicles (PUVs) to have a speed
limiter.
Republic Act (RA) 10916, or more popularly known as the Road Speed Limiter Act of 2016, now
requires all public-utility vehicles, such as closed vans, tanker trucks, cargo vehicles, and shuttle
services like the UV Express Vans, including taxicabs and jeepneys, to have a system that will limit
the speed of the aforementioned vehicles. Its sole purpose is to secure the safety of the passengers
and, most important, the public in general in our roads and highways.

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But it seems the public who has clamored for this important piece of legislation has to wait a little bit
longer, next year to be exact, for its full implementation as the resolution has yet to be signed by
Metro Manila mayors. Oddly enough, these are the same officials who approved the enforcement
of the speed limiter act last year.
However, despite the lackadaisical approach in its implementation both the Land Transportation
Office and the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority predicts that with the enforcement of RA
10916 early next year, there will be a big drop in the number of accidents involving speeding trucks
and buses.
Speed limiters are devices used to control the top speed of a vehicle. This is done via installation of a
mechanical or electronic communications system. A prime example of a speed limiter device is
Autokontrol, distributed by Pioneer Trucks and Equipment in the country.
When fully enforced, it will limit the speed of trucks and passenger vehicles to just 50 kph down from
60 kph in all major thoroughfares here in Metro Manila, such as Edsa, Commonwealth Avenue, Roxas
Boulevard, CP Garcia, Quirino Avenue, Taft, South Luzon Expressway, Shaw Boulevard, Ortigas
Avenue, Magsaysay, Rizal, A. Bonifacio Avenue and McArthur and Marcos highways.
Vehicles that are covered by the Road Speed Limiter Act will not be allowed to renew their registration
if they will not comply with the installation of speed limiter device.

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RA 10913 or the Anti-Distracted Driving Act
1. What is RA 10913 or the Anti-Distracted Driving Act?

RA 10913 or the Anti-Distracted Driving Act (ADDA) is a law that prohibits a person who is driving
a motor vehicle from holding and using mobile communication devices and electronic
entertainment gadgets. The prohibition applies while the motor vehicle is in motion or
temporarily stopped on a traffic light or an intersection.
2. What vehicles are covered by this Act?
This law covers both public and private vehicles. It also covers wheeled agricultural
machineries, construction equipment, and other forms of conveyances such as bicycles,
pedicabs, trolleys, "habal-habal", "kuligligs", wagons, carriages, and carts that may either be
human-powered or pulled by an animal as long as the same are operated or driven in public
thoroughfares, highways or streets.
3. What does this law prohibit?
Prohibited acts made while driving include but not limited to:
• Making or receiving calls
• Writing, sending or reading text-based communications
• Playing games
• Watching movies
• Performing calculations
• Reading e-books
• Composing messages
• Surfing or browsing the internet
4. Can a driver use his cellphone when he is stuck in traffic?
No. Even if a driver is stuck in traffic, as long as he is behind the wheel, he is still not allowed
to hold and use his cellphone and/or gadget to make or receive calls; write, send or read text-
based communications; play games; watch movies; perform calculations; read e-books;
compose messages; surf or browse the internet; or other similar acts.
5. What are the actions exempted from this law?
Motorists are allowed to make or take emergency calls to authorities in cases of a crime,
accidents, bomb or terrorist threat, fire or explosion, instances needing immediate medical
attention, or when personal safety and security is compromised.
6. Can we use the hands-free function of our mobile communications device to make or receive
calls?
Yes. Using the aid of a hands-free function such as speaker phones, earphones,
Microphones or other similar device, which will allow a person to make and receive calls without
holding his mobile communications device, is allowed.
However, using earphones to listen to music, or for other entertainment purposes, falls under
"similar acts" in Section 4(b) of the law.
7. Where can we mount our cellphones or GPS device?
GPS or cellphones may be placed or mounted below, at the same level, or on-top of the
dashboard, and even on the windshield, as long as the highest point of the device is not
higher than four (4) inches from the dashboard.

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In the case of navigational apps, motorists are advised to set their destination prior to their
departure. In cases when motorists need to find alternate routes while in traffic, they are advised to
first pull their vehicles aside.
8. How about the use of dashcams? ls this covered by ADDA?
The use of dashcams is not covered by ADDA. To date, there is no legislation regulating the use
of dashcams. However, for safety purposes, drivers are encouraged to mount their dashcams at the
back of the rearview mirror.
9. Are we allowed to mount our cellphones on our motorcycles?
Yes, mounting of cellphones in handle bars or other parts of motorcycles is allowed, since this
does not interfere with the driver's line of vision.
10. Does ADDA prohibit the mounting of other accessories in a vehicle's dashboard? How
about engaging in other "distracting activities"? Are these covered by the ADDA?
No. ADDA only covers the use of mobile communications devices and other electronic
entertainment gadgets while vehicles are in motion or temporarily stopped on a traffic light or an
intersection. It does NOT cover other accessories which may be found on your dashboard such as
rosaries, tachometers, figurines, dashboard toys, crucifix, stickers, among others.
Likewise, it does not cover activities such as putting make-up, drinking coffee, and other similar
acts.
11. Who are authorized to apprehend violating motorists?
The DOTr - Land Transportation Office (LTO), PNP-HPG, MMDA, and LGUs authorized to
apprehend violators of the ADDA.
12. How will we know if drivers of private vehicles with heavily- tinted windshields are violating the
law?
Aside from high-definition cameras that can monitor lights from devices inside heavily-tinted
vehicles, the law will also be strictly enforced by enforcers on the ground who are trained to determine
from the movement of the vehicle whether or not a driver commits distracted driving. A
Memorandum Circular setting specifications on the regulation of tints shall also be released by
LTO soon.
13. What are the penalties?
Violators will be penalized with a fine of five thousand pesos (Php5,
00) for the first offense, ten thousand pesos ((Php10, 000)) for the second offense, and fifteen
thousand pesos ((Php15, 000)) for the third offense with a three-month suspension of driver's
license.
Violations incurred beyond the third offense shall be penalized with the revocation of driver's
license and a fine of twenty thousand pesos (Php20, 000).
14. Are operators of Public Utility Vehicles (PUV) also liable for violations made by
drivers?
Yes. Operators and owners of Public Utility Vehicles (PUV) shall be held liable for the violations
committed by their drivers.
15. Where to settle my violation?
Violators who were apprehended by LTO and/or PNP-HPG enforcers may settle their violations in
the nearest LTO Office covering the area where they were apprehended.

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Violators apprehended by MMDA enforcers may either settle their violations thru selected Bayad
Center within 7 days after they were issued a ticket. Violators may also pay their fines at the MMDA
main office in Guadalupe, Makati City.
16. How about cyclists or those driving vehicles/machines that do not require licenses? How
will they be apprehended?
Motorists who were caught violating the ADDA while riding a bicycle or wheeled agricultural
machineries, construction equipment, and other forms of conveyances such as bicycles, pedicabs,
trolleys, "habal-habal", "kuligligs", wagons, carriages, and carts that may either be human-powered or
pulled by an animal, will still be apprehended, issued a ticket, and escorted up to the nearest
authorized payment
center to settle his violation.
However, if the driver does not have cash to pay for the fine, enforcers will have the authority to take the
motorist's vehicle for safekeeping within a period of six (6)
months until the violator finally presents a receipt as proof of his payment of the fine.
Should the violator fail to settle his violation within six (6) months, the LTO shall have the authority to
sell the impounded vehicle in favor of the government.
JOINT ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO.2011-01 - RULES AND REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING

THE PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO.10054, ENTITLED "AN ACT MANDATING ALL
MOTORCYCLE RIDERS TO WEAR STANDARD PROTECTIVE MOTORCYCLE HELMETS
WHILE DRIVING AND PROVIDING PENALTIES
All motorcycle riders, including drivers and back riders, are required to wear standard protective
motorcycle helmets at all times while driving, whether long or short drives, in any type of road and
highway. Standard protective motorcycle helmets are appropriate types of helmets for motorcycle
riders that comply with the specifications issued by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).
Any person caught not wearing the standard protective motorcycle helmet will be punished with a fine
of P1,500.00 for the first offense, P 3,000.00 for the second offense, P 5,000.00 for the third offense,
and P 10,000.00 plus confiscation of the driver‟s license for the fourth and succeeding offenses.
Tricycle drivers are exempted from complying with the mandatory wearing of motorcycle helmets.
Every seller and/or dealer should make available, every time a new motorcycle unit is purchased, a
new motorcycle helmet that bears the Philippine Standard (PS) mark or Import Commodity Clearance
(ICC) of the Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) and complies with the standards set by the BPS,
which the purchaser may buy at his option. Any seller and/or dealer who violates this requirement
will be punished with a fine of not less than P 10,000.00 but not more than P 20,000.00.
All manufacturers and importers of standard protective motorcycle helmets are required to secure
a PS license or ICC prior to the sale and distribution of their products. Upon the effectivity of R.A.
10054, only those standard protective motorcycle helmets bearing the PS or ICC mark shall be sold in
the market.
The DTI, through the BPS, shall conduct a mandatory testing of all manufactured and imported
motorcycle helmets in the Philippines. The BPS

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shall periodically issue a list of motorcycle helmet manufacturers and importers and the brands which
pass the standards of the BPS, to be published in a newspaper of general circulation or in its website.
Any person who uses, sells and distributes substandard motorcycle helmets or those which do not
bear the PS mark or the ICC certificate will be punished with a fine of not less than P 3,000.00 for the
first offense, and P 5,000.00 for the second offense, without prejudice to other penalties
under Republic Act No. 7394 or the “Consumer Act of the Philippines.”
Tampering, alteration, forgery and imitation of the PS mark and the ICC certificates in the helmets will
be punished with a fine of not less than P10,000.00 but not more than P20,000.00, without prejudice
to other penalties imposed in Republic Act No. 7394 or the “Consumer Act of the Philippines.”
REPUBLIC ACT NO.8794 - AN ACT IMPOSING A MOTOR VEHICLE USER'S

CHARGE ON OWNERS OF ALL TYPES OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
Salient Features of the Philippine Clean Air Act (RA 8749) and Philippine Clean Water Act
(RA 9275) in regard with Mining of Metallic and Non-metallic Minerals
I worked in the Mines and Geosciences Bureau Regional Office 10 for

sometime and during my stay in the Bureau as technical and
administrative assistant, I learned a lot of things especially when
there are seminars. Today, I am going to share with you some of the
important things that I learne during the Multipartite Monitoring Team
[MMT] Seminar for different nonmetallic mining companies and
members of the local government units in Region X, or also known as
Northern Mindanao.
Image
By the way, the mandate of EMB as a line bureau of Department Source: https://www.mindom
o.com/mindmap/endanger- species-
of Environment and Natural Resources f2594f
[DENR]is molded by different laws that had been ratified by the
present and the past administrations. Here is the following legal basis/ RAs that has been the basis
of the actions taken by this Bureau:
Presidential Decree 1586 or the Environmental Impact Statement System
Republic Act 6969 or the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990

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Republic Act 8749 or the Clean Air Act of 1999
Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000
Republic Act 9275 or the Philippine Clean Water Act of
2004
Republic Act 9512 or the Environmental Awareness and
Education Act of 2008
It also adheres the international laws that has been ratified
by through treaties. Source: https://ecochiccayman.
There are the following treaties: such as Vienna
Convention for the Protection of
Ozone Layer , Montreal Protocol on the Protection of the
Ozone
Layer , United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol ,
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutant , Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, and a lot more .
Image Basically, its core function is to protect the environment by means of IECs (information,
education, and communication), conduct thorough studies on problems being faced and will
be faced by the communities, provide data that will be crucial for implementing penalties to
violators, and a lot more.
Now too much of the bylaws and mandates, let us proceed with that learnings that you can also
share to others.
What is air pollution
Air pollution alrers the physical, chemical, and ecological

properties of the atmosphere. According to Eurostat , it
poses harm to the human health and to the environment.
Some of the chemicals (such as Nitrogen dioxide) and
particulate matter pollution pose a serious health risk.
Other examples are Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Image Source: http://www.ppsthane.com/blog/how-to-reduce- particulate-
matter
and some suspended particles.
N2+ 02 > 2NO, at very high temperature, nitrogen reacts

with oxygen producing Nitric oxide. 2NO2 will become
more deadly. When it reacts to water, it results to Nitric
acid. And when it reacts to sunlight, it creates
photochemical smog. Image Source: https://airmega.com/1975-2/

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What are particulate matters?
Particulate matters are solid, gaseous, and liquid pollutants. Carbon Monoxide for example is a
product of incomplete combustion of fuel containing carbon. It is toxic, colorless, and tasteless
invisible gas that is able to harm a human being when exposed too much of it.
Responsibility of the Local Government Unit in terms of Environmental Problems

• They must bear in mind that polluters must pay.
• They are tasked of cleaning the habitat and the environment
and it should be the concern of the community.
• The Local Government Unit is also accountable of short-term
and long term impacts.
Image Source: https://www.spectrumhealth.org/about-
us/corporate-social-responsibility
Section IV of the Republic Act: Recognition of Rights

• The citizens have the right to know the mechanism of the company operating in their community;
• The Pollution Control Officer [PCO] must have the complete information of the company in regard
with environment and health for the sake of accountability;
• One can sue the proponent (company) or demand for compensation of personal damages resulting
from adverse impact.
Regardless of the fact that the operating company is paying the government through fees and
taxes, in times of disputes caused by adverse effects of the plant operation, the law will always take
side on the environment.
For the Multipartite Monitoring Team (which is mainly composed by a technical staff from EMB, MGB,
Local Government Unit, and a representative from the company), checking on the stock sampling
should be made by a third party.
Prohibited Acts
Herein are the prohibited acts for the mining company. Violation on one of these may lead to penalties or
cancellation of permits in worst case scenarios.
A. Emission of Fugitive Particulates
B. Noise that the plant creates should also be minimized. It has been noted that planting of trees
reduces the amount of noise.
A. Prohibition/ Standard Incineration
B. Citizen's suit- A member of the community whose health and welfare had been compromised
can file a lawsuit against the company. If proven, the company will pay for the damages, but if

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not, the person shall be held to pay for the damages it made. (For a detailed list of penal
provisions, please check Section 47 for the penal features)

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One way to determine pollution is through color. Colors may result from the presence of natural
metallic ions, humus and peat materials, plankton and weeds, and industrial wastes.
a. True Color- term used on which the turbidity has been removed
b. Apparent Color- term used for the original sample without using of filtration or centrifugation.
Chemical Oxygen Demands is the measure of oxygen equivalent of organize matters content
of a sample that is susceptible to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant is an acidic medium.
Meanwhile, the existence of oil and grease can clog sewers. For companies, it is a violation when oil
spillage occurs. Oil should be stored in an area that is cemented.
These are the current situation that contributed to water pollution:
1. lack of sewerage system
2. open defecation on both rural and urban areas
3. poorly designed septic tanks

4. indiscriminate dumping
Image source: https://www.rappler.com/nation/41050-
In a news report written by Rappler in 2013, 55 die daily in the Philippines because of lack of
sewerage.
To counter these problems, the government implemented the Water Quality Management
Approaches which involves voluntary, accountability, and public participation.
One of the proposed measure is Waste Segregation. It is the separation of biodegradable waste
from non-biodegradable waste. If waste has not been properly segregated, it will likely lead to mixing
in and could result to the existence of methane gas which is dangerous. The problem with this is that
no matter how well the households segregated the wastes, it will all be dumped together by the
garbage collectors. The second proposed measure is Waste Minimization. This will surely involve
the 3Rs which is reuse, repair, and recycle. The last measure is the creation of Waste Treatment
Facility.
Republic Act No. 8750: AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY COMPLIANCE BY

MOTORISTS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC VEHICLES TO USE SEAT BELT DEVICES, AND
REQUIRING VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS TO INSTALL SEAT BELT DEVICES IN ALL THEIR
MANUFACTURED VEHICLES. The Act is also known as the "Seat Belts Use Act of 1999."

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1. Republic Act 8750: Seat belt use Act of 1999
The Republic Act No. 8750 known as the Seat Belts Use of Act states that the driver and
passengers (both rear and front passengers) of private and public vehicles are required to use and
wear their seat belts every time they're inside a car with the running engine on any street, road, and
highway.
This leaves the drivers and passengers with no valid

excuse as to why they aren't using their respective seatbelt
while driving.
The purpose of the Seat Belt Law in the Philippines is

to reduce the chances of deaths and injuries from road
crashes. This law also bans children six years and
younger from occupying the Both drivers and passenger are required to wear
front seat of any vehicle with a running engine even if the a seatbelt while driving
child is wearing a seatbelt as stated in Section 5.
2. R.A 8750 Seat Belt Law: Effectivity & Mandatory Use of Act
“An Act Requiring the Mandatory Compliance by Motorists of Private and Public Vehicles to Use Seat
Belt Devices, and Requiring Vehicle Manufacturers to Install Seat Belt Devices in all Their
Manufactured Vehicles” is the full title of the Republic Act No. 8750.
The R.A 8750 Seat Belt Law was approved on August

5, 1999, and effective nationwide starting May 1, 2000.
Stated in Section 6 of the said Act, the coverage includes
drivers and front-seat passengers of private and public
vehicles and all other mother vehicles determined by the
internal rules and regulations (IRR) thereon.
As emphasized in Section 4, The Mandatory Use of Seat

Belts is for the driver This law also bans children six years
and passenger‟s safety. Both private and public motor and younger from occupying the
vehicles are required to use and wear their safety seat belt front seat of any
devices every time they are inside a car in any streets,
road, and highways.

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For private vehicles
All the passengers, including both front and rear-seat passengers, are required to wear their respective seat
belts all the time.
For public vehicles
The driver is required to inform his front seat passengers to

wear his or her seatbelts upon boarding the vehicle. For
passengers who will refuse to use seat belt devices, they
will not be allowed to board the vehicle and continue his or
her trip.
For the case of special public service vehicles like school bus
or school services and the likes, it is determined by the IRR
that drivers, front-seat passengers and the first row The penalty for not wearing seatbelt in the
passengers (those seated behind the driver) is required to use Philippines will be up to P500
and wear their respective seatbelts every time they‟re inside the
vehicle of running engine.
3. Seat belt law Philippines: Penalty and Fines
For Drivers
The penalty for not wearing seatbelt in the

Philippines or failed to inform and require their
passengers to wear seat belts will be penalized accordingly Front passengers on public
transports must wear a seatbelt
Offense Fine
1st offense • P100 but not exceeding P1,000
2nd offense • P200 but not exceeding P2,000
• P500 but not exceeding P5,000

3rd and succeeding
• One-week suspension of the
offense
driver's license

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For drivers of PUVs failed to instruct front-seat
passengers to wear seat belts, the seat belt law
Philippines penalty will be a minimum fine of P300 but
not exceeding P3,000 for each violation.
For passengers who are not wearing seatbelt

devices will also be penalized
For Importers, assemblers, manufacturers, and distributors of the vehicle

Offense Fine
•P5000 but not exceeding P10,000

1st offense •1-year suspension to import, assemble,
manufacture and distribute vehicles
•P10,000 but not exceeding P20,000

2nd offense •2-year suspension to import, assemble,
manufacture and distribute vehicles
3rd and • P20,000 but not exceeding P50,000

succeeding • No less than 5-year suspension to import,
offense assemble, manufacture anddistributevehicles
4. Importance of Seat belts
If you're driving or in a car that crasher at 50 kilometers per hour and you are not buckled up, you will
feel the same force of impact as someone who hit the ground after falling from a 4-story building.
And during this incident, you will not be able to brace yourself. That is why seatbelts are a vital part of
every motor vehicle.
• The seatbelt distributes the impact of the crash to the chest and pelvis which are two of the
strongest body parts of the human body.
• It keeps the occupants of the car from being thrown out of the vehicle or against its interiors
like the dashboard and windshield.
• It stops the passengers from hitting other passengers of the car.
This seatbelt is considered to be the most effective car safety device ever invented. However, many
people are still unaware of the dangers of not wearing their seatbelt.

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That's why the Seatbelt Law and the Child Safety in Motor Vehicles Act of the Philippines is a great
help to minimize the risk of injuries and death if ever a car crash or a collision occurs.
MOTORCYCLES: SALIENT POINTS OF THE IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS,

MOTORCYCLE CRIME PREVENTION
ACT - RA 11235
1. NEW NUMBER PLATES REQUIRED
Owners must secure the bigger, readable, and color-coded number plate for every motorcycle,
which shall consist of:
• (a)
a metal number plate to be installed at the rear of
the motorcycle; and
• (b) a decal number plate

to be displayed in front. It
shall bear a unique combination of alpha numeric
characters.
Owners of existing motorcycle units which do not have

space for front plate are required to provide a bracket or The seatbelt keeps the occupants of the car
any other provision where the same shall be installed. from being thrown out of the vehicle or against
its interiors
The renewal registration of motorcycles already registered prior to the effectivity of the IRR shall carry
with it the application for the new bigger number plates. Registration of motorcycles which have
already been renewed for the current year until the effectivity of the IRR shall be deemed to have
applied for issuance of the new number plates.
Tricycles are included in the term “motorcycle,” which is defined as a powered two or three-wheeled
motor vehicle, including, but not limited to, scooters, mopeds, and motorcycles with appendages
such as sidecars, tricycles, or trikes. It includes government-owned vehicles.
[See also The Big Fuss about the Motorcycle Crime Prevention Act: A Primer on Republic Act No.
11235]
2. NO PLATE, NO DRIVING ALLOWED; PENALTIES
Driving without a number plate or a readable number plate is prohibited. The driver of a motorcycle
without a number plate or readable number plate is subject to correctional a fine ranging from
P50,000 to P100,000, or both imprisonment and fine.

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A motorcycle driven without a number plate or readable number plate shall be stopped, seized and
impounded.
3. NEW MOTORCYCLES REGISTERED WITHIN 5 DAYS; PENALTY
Initial registration of a motorcycle shall be made with the LTO by the owner or the dealer, if authorized
by the former, within 5 days from the date of the sales invoice for brand new locally purchased
motorcycles, or from the Certificate of Stock Reported (CSR) report date for new or used imported
motorcycles.
Failure to register carries a penalty, imposed on the SELLER, of imprisonment of arresto mayor to
prision correccional, or a fine ranging from P20,000 to P50,000, or both imprisonment and fine.
If the motorcycle that is not yet registered with the LTO is used in connection with an offense, the
maximum penalty of the relevant offense shall be imposed on the offenders.
4. “Open” Sales No Longer allowed, Penalty
The existing practice of selling motorcycle, with the Deed of Sale not indicting the purchaser, is
effectively prohibited. This is because any sale or disposition must be reported within 3 days from
such sales. The Deed of Sale must be filed at the LTO office where the latest Certificate of
Registration was issued.
Failure to register carries a penalty, imposed on the Seller of imprisonment of arresto mayor to
prision correccional, or fine ranging from P20,000 to P50,000, or both imprisonment and fine.
5. No sale of non- compliant motorcycles
No person, natural or juridical shall be allowed to sell motorcycles, unless the same has the
capability to bear and showcase a readable number plate.
6. Lost, Damaged, Stolen Plate must be Reported; Penalty
If the number plate of a motorcycle is lost, damaged, or stolen, the owner of such motorcycle shall
report the same within 24 hours to the Joint LTO and PNP Operations and Control Center.
After the report, the owner shall, within 72 hours from the time the loss or damage was reported,
submit a duly notarized Affidavit of Loss or damage to the nearest LTO Office. The LTO shall issue
a certificate of application for replacement of plate, and n authority to use improvised plate which shall
be valid until the issuance of the replacement plate.
Failure of the owner to report the loss, damage or theft, and apply for a replacement plate from the
LTO within the prescribed periods, shall render the owner liable for fine ranging from P20,000 to
P50,000. Worse, if the lost, damaged, or stolen number plate or readable number plate is used in
crime, the failure of the owner to report such fact within 3 days shall subject the owner to a penalty
of imprisonment of arresto mayor to prison correctional.

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A damaged plate refers to a number plate in which any of the alphanumeric characters is no longer
readable from a distance of at least fifteen (15) meters due to fading, cracking, chipping,
delamination, or as a result of a road crash or vandalism. This shall also pertain to any number
plates which are mutilated, defaced or deformed in a manner materially affecting its color,
reflectivity, readability, security features and the like.
7. Use of stolen number Plate
The use of a stolen or the transfer of number plate or readable number plate in motorcycle shall be
punished by prison mayor or a fine ranging from P50,000 to P100,000, or both at the discretion of
the court.
8. Tampering or concealing Number Pale; Penalty
The following are punishable with imprisonment of prison mayor, or a fine ranging from P50,000 to
P100,000, or both imprisonment and fine:
Erasing a number plate or readable number plate Tampering a number plate or readable number
plate Altering a number plate or readable number plate Forging a number plate or readable number
plate Imitating a number plate or readable number plate Covering a number plate or readable number
plate Concealing a number plate or readable number plate
Intentional use of such erased, tampered, altered, forged, imitated, covered or concealed number
plate or readable number plate. The buyer nd the seller of the forgoing number plate or readable
number plate shall be liable for imprisonment:
Prison mayor, in case the buyer and seller has knowledge of the erased, tampered, altered, forced or
imitated number plate readable number plate.
Aresto mayor, if the buyer or seller has no knowledge of the erased, tampered, altered, forced or
imitated number plate or readable number plate.

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Driving Permit and Other Relevant Documents
Learning Objective:
After reading this module trainee are expected to Identify, follow and apply driving permit and other
relevant document.
DRIVING PERMIT AND OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENT

Driving a motor vehicle in the Philippines as in other countries is NOT a right but a privilege. This
privilege is granted by the Philippines Government through the Land Transportation Office based on
the Republic Act no. 4136 and Batas Pambansa No. 398.
A driver is licensed by the Land Transportation Office as proof of his proficiency in driving and his
knowledge of road rules and regulations a while operating a motor vehicle. Upon proving this
proficiency and knowledge he will be issued a document in the form of either of these following
licenses:
LICENSES:
STUDENT Permit
Age qualification – 16 yrs. old and above Validity –

12 months
Non – professional
Age qualification – 17 yrs. old and above Renewal
or validity – every three or five years

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PROFESSIONAL
Age qualification- 18 yrs old and above Renewal
or validity – every three years
Code Restrictions
1- Motorcycle
2- Light vehicle (4,500 kegs.)
3- More than 4,500 kegs. Vehicle 4-Automatic
Transmission vehicle
REGISTRATION:
An official receipt/ document issued to the owner

of a certain vehicle. It is accompanied by sticker,
showing the current year of registration and it is being
place on a plate of vehicle.
SEC.6 (RA 4136) application and payments for
registration- shall be made personally or by registered
mail, and the date of cancellation of the postage stamp
of envelope
containing money order or check shall be taken as the date of the application and/or payment for
registration. Provided that the application is properly prepared and the payment for registration is
sufficient as required by law.
How to identify your registration month and weeks:

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Last Digit is the Month of your registration, second to the last digit is the week schedule
of your registration
Schedule of your week registration:
SEC.7 Registration qualification- the qualification of vehicle shall be:
PRIVATE- Motor vehicles registered under this classification shall not be used for hire under any
circumstances. White background and green mark.
FOR HIRE- Motor vehicles registered for public convenience, or special permits issued by the
Board of Transportation and shall be subject the provision of Public Service act and the rules and

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regulations issued there under, as well as the provision of this act. Yellow background and black
mark.
GOVERNMENT- Motor vehicles owned by government of the Philippines or any of its political
subdivisions shall be registered. White background and red mark

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I. RENEWAL OF MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION:
✓ Original Copy of Registration Office
✓ Original copy of current official receipt of payment
✓ Insurance certificate cover
✓ Actual inspection of Motor Vehicle and duly accomplished MVIR
✓ (Stencils of motor and chassis number must be done of space provided for)
✓ Smoke test result
II. PERTINENT DOCUMENTS

✓ certification of registration (cr)
✓ deed of sale
✓ certificate of ownership
✓ mv official receipt (or)
III. EARLY WARNINGS DEVICE – use as warning sign in the road of vehicle has
problem. The shape is like a triangle and rectangle consist of two pieces. One red
and other is yellow.

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Driving Outfit/Attire
Learning Objectives: After reading this information, Driving Hazard, you should be able to:
1. Familiarize driving outfit/attire

2. Explain driving outfit/attire
3. Compare driving outfit/attire
Introduction
A uniform is a type of clothing worn by members of an organization while participating
in that organization's activity. Modern uniforms aremost often worn by
armed forces and paramilitary organizations such as police, emergency services,
security guards, in some workplaces and schools and by inmates in prisons and the drivers.
Under 932 Uniform Requirements Discusses about the Employees Required to Wear Uniforms and
work clothes on code 932.11 Regular Uniforms.
932 Uniform Requirements
932.1 Employees Required to Wear Uniforms and Work Clothes

932.11 Regular Uniforms
Employees in the following categories meeting the following conditions wear the prescribed uniform
while performing their duties:
a) Motor vehicle operators, tractor–trailer operators, or driving instructors and examiners, if
they average 4 hours or more a day during the course of a year, driving vehicles or holding
themselves in readiness to drive them.
b) Passenger elevator operators or elevator starters if they average 4 hours or more a day
during the course of a year performing the duties of these jobs.
The right uniform raises the image, esteem and perceived professionalism of both the driver wearing
it and the company that employs him. Few would dispute that, but in the busy road transport industry
it is all too easy to regard the subject of drivers‟ uniforms as an annoying distraction from the core
job of moving loads. After all, we work in the logistics industry, not Grace Brothers. But if our opening
statement is true, should we not make a little more effort and go the extra mile to make sure that our
drivers look the part.
The first issue is what garments to supply. Some kind of shirt with a company logo on it is an obvious
minimum, but most fleets will want to go further and usually choose from the following:
• stiff-collared shirts

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• polo shirts
• sweatshirts or fleeces
• trousers
• tunics
• outer jackets
• shoes or boots
• waterproofs
• high-visibility waistcoat
• safety helmets
• gloves
This list is by no means exhaustive: some operators will even include shorts for summer wear and
add accessories such as ties and belts. Then there are the more specialized requirements for those
in particular industry sectors, such as the removals business whose drivers‟ uniforms should not have
buttons or zips that are liable to mark furniture being carried. For drivers who are liable to venture
onto building sites, a bag for muddy boots is a practical measure that will help them keep their cab
interiors clean.
Think about the characteristics of the garments you are choosing. Polo shirts, for instance, are
among the cheapest items to buy and in many ways are more practical than shirts, but can quickly
become faded and shapeless if they are of poor quality. The same is true of sweatshirts. Drivers‟
tunics, meanwhile, may seem a touch old-fashioned UK but are hard-wearing and usually have plenty of
useful pockets for pens, keys, paperwork. So if you are considering a move from tunics to sweatshirts,
for example, think about the loss of pockets, particularly for drivers such as those on multi-drop
parcels work whose hands are full but still need somewhere for their paperwork or handheld
terminals. One solution is to choose trousers that have additional large pockets on the thighs.
Boots typically offer more ankle protection than shoes and so are safer on sites and uneven ground
where there is a high risk of turning an ankle. Their obvious downside is that they become too hot in
warm weather. Shorts may appeal in the summer but may be considered inappropriate in certain
circumstances.
While some fleets regard a tie as the height of sartorial standards, they are few and far between
these days, when even politicians and senior managers no longer consider a tie as essential. As far
as drivers are concerned, ties are liable to become trapped or snagged when leaning forward to
handball loads, for instance, so there are valid safety reasons to avoid them.
When introducing uniforms for the first time, or changing an established policy, it is of course vital to
engage your workforce on the type of garments they like to wear. However, bear in mind that you
stand no chance of pleasing all of them and the final choice must achieve the company’s vision and
goals. But pleasing t h e majority enhances the likelihood of your uniform policy being adhered to

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with minimum fuss. The replacement policy should also be communicated to the drivers, so that are
aware of how long the uniform is expected to last.
The requirement to wear the uniform at work should be written into employees‟ contracts and drivers‟
handbooks. Particular reference should be made to wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such
as safety boots and high-visibility garments: legislation demands that employers not only provide
these items but also ensure that they are used. It follows, therefore, that operators should take formal
steps to check that uniforms are worn as required. Traffic office staff are the most obvious candidates
for this job, with a named individual given specific responsibility for managing compliance and all
uniform matters.
(PUV) drivers were mandated to look decent, but we didn’t know they had been assigned uniform
colors. The Association of Taxi Operators in Metro Manila said they were unaware of an order from
the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) that requires drivers to wear
color-coded uniforms. Some Taxi operators go to the LTFRB‟s office to get memorandum circulars.
Based on a memorandum circular issued by the LTFRB, drivers are required to wear proper
uniforms: light blue for jeepney drivers, white for bus drivers, red for taxi drivers, green for UV Express
drivers; and yellow for school service bus drivers.

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Learning Outcome No. 3: Practice Courtesy Contents:

1. Drivers Code of Ethics
Assessment Criteria:
1. Demonstrate positive work values as per code of ethics of drivers.
2. Respond and handle complaints with respect based on driver‟s code of ethics.
3. Convey reminders to passengers politely.
Conditions:
Trainee must be provided with the following:
Tools
• Seat belt
• Early Warning Device
• Hand tools (Wrench, pliers, screwdriver, early warning device, jack, spare tires)
• Flashlights or emergency lighting device
Equipment
• Private car
• Owner type Jeep
Materials/ Supplies
• Service manual, manufacturer’s manual, periodic maintenance manual
• Books, record sheet, and check list
• CBLM
• Consumables Materials and Spare Parts Such as
• Rags
• Fan Belt
• Wheel Cap
• Fuse
• Electrical Tapes
• Brake Fluid
• Motor Oil

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Learning Outcome No. 3: Practice Courtesy
Learning Activities Specific Instructions

1. READ INFORMATION READ INFORMATION SHEET 3.3-1
SHEET 3.3-1 on Drivers After reading you are encouraging to
Code of Ethics answer the SELF CHECK on Drivers Code of
Ethics
2. ANSWER SELF CHECK Refer to ANSWER KEY 3.3-1 Compare
3.3-1 on Drivers Code of answers with the answer key. You are
Ethics required to get all answers correct. If not,
read information again to answers
all questions correctly.

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Drivers Code of Ethics
Learning Objectives: After reading this information, occupational health and safety standard, you
should be able to do:
1. Demonstrate positive work values as per code of ethics of driver.
2. Interpret drivers code of ethics
3. Justifies code of ethics
A. Positive Work Values
1. Honesty and Integrity

Driver must maintain a sense of honesty and integrity above all else. Good relationships are built on
trust. When working for an employer they want to know that they can trust what you say and what you
do.
Successful businesses work to gain the trust of customers and maintain the attitude that “the customer
is always right”. It is the responsibility of each person to use their own individual sense of moral and
ethical behavior when working with and serving others within the scope of their job.
2. Strong Self – Confidence

Self-confidence has been recognized as the key ingredient between someone who is successful
and someone who is not. A self – confident person is someone who inspires others. A self-confident
person is not afraid to ask questions on topics where they feel they need more knowledge. They feel
little need to have to impress others with what they know since they feel comfortable with themselves and
don‟t feel they need to know everything.
The self-confident person does what he/she feels is right and is willing to take risks. Self- confident
people can also admit their mistakes.
They recognize their strengths as well as their weaknesses and are willing to work on the latter. Self-
confident people have faith in themselves and their abilities which is manifested in their positive attitude
and outlook on life.
3. Professionalism
Drivers must exhibit professional behavior at all times.
Professional behavior includes learning every aspect of a job and doing it to the best of one‟s ability.
Professionals look, speak, and dress accordingly to maintain an image of someone who takes pride in
their behavior and appearance. Professionals complete projects as soon as possible and avoid letting
uncompleted projects pile up. Professionals complete high quality work and are detail oriented.
Professional behavior includes all of the behavior above in addition to providing a positive role model
for others. Professionals are enthusiastic about their work and optimistic about the organization and

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its future. To become a professional, you must feel like a professional and following these tips is a great
start to getting to where you want to go.
B. Code of a Good Driver
1. I will never drive a vehicle with poor brake system because it will endanger my life and
passenger. I will always test the strength of my brake or breaking efficiency before I sued the
vehicle.
2. I will never apply the brake suddenly except in an emergency but will always strive to use the
brake lightly, gently and gradually.
3. I will also check the car handbrake efficiency for I know that in the case the hydraulic brake
system fails, the handbrake will stop the car.
4. I will avoid stepping the brake pedal with a jerk or stopping the vehicle t a sudden stop,
except on emergency. I have to bear in mind that some vehicles might be following my car and
a sudden stop might bump my car. It may also cause some inconvenient to my passenger.
5. I will step at the brake pedal first when stopping my car, and only step on the clutch pedal;
when the car is about to stopped. Too much application of the clutch pedal or clutch riding
will cause rapid lining wear.
6. I will always strive to observe road courtesy and follow the traffic code and other laws.
7. I will observe when driving the Right of Way rules in order to avoid conflict at intersection.
8. I will always give the proper hand signal to indicate when I stop, because my stop light does
not operate until will apply the brake.
9. I will observe traffic policeman instruction and signals in order to avoid traffic jam and
accident. I will always show good sportsmanship and never display any resentment to
reasonable police signal.
10. I will always drive at the speed that is reasonable for the existing traffic in any certain locality,
I will so adjust my speed to the density of the traffic, the type of road, effect of rain on the
pavement, the visibility and the frequency of pedestrians, inters sections curve or hills.
11. I will always stop for a red light in a position that the car does not block the pedestrian cross
walk and will always permit pedestrian to finish crossing when he gets caught in the
intersection by a change of the traffic signal light.
12. I will always dim my lights for the convenient of the incoming driver. Failure to dim my light
may temporally blind the incoming driver of some painful annoyance to him.
13. I will never nose another car to space about to be occupied by him for the same beating the
other driver in the parking space.
14. I will never change to an individual on a crowd of person on foot and the same time blow the
top of my horn in order to blast them out of the same. I will use my horn as a warning in
emergency gently as a polite signal.
15. I will never be a “HIT and RUN” driver, but will always give assistance to my victim and with the
proper medical care.
16. I will never zigzag in road or weave in or cut traffic lane and disregarding other drivers just for
the sake of jockeying for a favorable position.

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LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Learning Outcome No. 4: Respect Traffic Enforcers and Other Traffic Management Unit
Contents:
Traffic Violations and Penalties

Assessment Criteria:
1. Comply traffic authority instruction as prescribed by law.
2. Issue traffic violation tickets/ receipts by traffic enforcers are accepted and appropriate
action is taken.
Conditions:
Trainee must be provided with the following:
Tools
• Seat belt
• Early Warning Device
• Hand tools (Wrench, pliers, screwdriver, early warning device, jack, spare tires)
• Flashlights or emergency lighting device
Equipment
• Private car
• Owner type Jeep
Materials/ Supplies
• Service manual, manufacturer’s manual, periodic maintenance manual
• Books, record sheet, and check list
• CBLM
• Consumables Materials and Spare Parts Such as
✓ Rags
✓ Fan Belt
✓ Wheel Cap
✓ Fuse
✓ Electrical Tapes
✓ Brake Fluid
✓ Motor Oil

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Traffic Violations and Penalties
Learning Objectives: After reading this information, occupational health and safety standard, you
should be able to do the following:
1. Defines traffic violation and penalties
2. Interpret traffic violation and penalties
3. Distinguishes traffic violations and penalties
Introduction:
List of Traffic Violations, Penalties and Fees
A comprehensive list of all Violations, Fines and Penalties as mandated by Land Transportation Office
(LTO) and Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) under Joint Administrative
Order No. 2014-01 that took effect last June 2014. Please be guided accordingly.
FINE (IN PHILIPPINE PESO) /

VIOLATION
PENALTY
I. Violations in Connection with Licensing
a. Driving without Driver’s License

This includes driving with an expired, ₱ 3,000
revoked, suspended, inappropriate In addition, the unlicensed or improperly
driver’s license restriction code, licensed driver shall be disqualified from
inappropriate driver’s license being granted a driver’s license and
classification, fake driver’s license, driving a motor vehicle for a period of one
tourist driving a motor vehicle with a (1) year from the payment of the fine.
valid foreign driver’s license beyond the
90-day maximum allowable period and
a student driver driving without being
accompanied
by a duly licensed driver.

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₱ 10,000
In addition, the driver’s license shall be
confiscated, and upon conviction for the
b. Driving a Motor Vehicle Used in the crime, revoked and the driver shall be
Commission of a Crime Upon perpetually disqualified from being granted
Conviction by a Regular Court of a driver’s license and driving a motor vehicle.
Competent Jurisdiction The motor vehicle driven by the violator
shall likewise be impounded until ordered
to be released by a regular court of
competent jurisdiction after payment of
appropriate fines and penalties.
c. Commission of a Crime in the Course ₱ 10,000In addition, the driver’s license
of Apprehension Upon Conviction by shall be confiscated, and revoked upon
a Regular Court of Competent conviction for the crime. The driver shall
Jurisdiction be disqualified from being

granted driver’s license for a period of 5 years
counted from the date of payment of

The motor vehicle driven by the violator
shall likewise be impounded until ordered
to be released by a regular court of
competent jurisdiction after payment of
₱ 3,000In addition to the fines and

penalties prescribed by law:
The non-professional driver‟s license of
the person shall be confiscated and
suspended for a period of twelve
(12) months for the first conviction and
d. Driving a Motor Vehicle While perpetually revoked for the second
Under the Influence of Alcohol, conviction.
Dangerous Drugs and/or Similar The suspension above shall commence

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Substance Upon Final Conviction by a upon the payment of the appropriate fines
Regular Court of Competent Jurisdiction and penalties.
(Section 12, R.A. 10586) The professional driver‟s license of the
person shall also be confiscated and
perpetually revoked for the first conviction.
The perpetual revocation of a driver‟s
license shall
disqualify the person from being granted
any kind of driver‟s license thereafter.
₱ 2,000 (1st Offense)

₱ 3,000 (2nd Offense)
e. Reckless Driving / Driving Above the ₱ 10,000 (Subsequent Offense) In
Speed Limit addition, the driver‟s license shall be
No person shall operate a motor vehicle suspended for a period of three (3) months
on any highway recklessly or without for the second offense and six (6) months
reasonable caution considering the for the third offense from payment of fine
width, traffic, grades, crossing, and revocation of driver‟s license on the
curvatures, visibility and other conditions succeeding offense. A revoked non-
of the highway and the conditions of the professional driver shall be disqualified
atmosphere and weather, or so to from being granted a driver‟s license for a
endanger the property of the safety or period of two (2) years counted from date
rights of any person or so as to cause of revocation.
excessive or unreasonable damage to A revoked professional driver shall be
the highway. perpetually
disqualified from getting any driver‟s
license.
₱ 3,000
In addition, the driver‟s license shall be put
f. Submission of Fake Documents in on alarm, revoked and the driver shall be
Relation to the Application for a Driver‟s disqualified from being granted a driver‟s
License (New/Renewal) license and driving a motor vehicle for a
period of one (1) year from the payment of
the fine, without prejudice to the filing of
appropriate criminal charges.

g.1 Failure to Wear the Prescribed Seat ₱ 2,000 (2nd Offense)
Belt DeviceThis includes allowing a child ₱ 5,000 (3rd Offense)In addition, the
6 years old and below to be seated on the driver‟s license shall be suspended for a
front passenger seat. period of one (1) week from
the payment of the fine, for the third and
each

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succeeding offense.
g.2 Failure to Require His/Her

Passenger/s to Wear the Prescribed
Seat Belt Device ₱ 3,000(Both the Driver and Operator are
Includes Public Utility Vehicles failure to liable to pay the fine for every violation)
post appropriate signage‟s instructing
front seat passenger to wear seat-belts
when inside the
vehicle.
h. Failure to Wear the Standard

Protective Motorcycle Helmet or Failure ₱ 1,500 (1st Offense)
to Require the Back Rider to Wear the ₱ 3,000 (2nd Offense)
Standard Protective Motorcycle Helmet ₱ 5,000 (3rd Offense)
Wearing a helmet with a fake Philippine ₱ 10,000 (Fourth and Succeeding
standard (PS) or Import Commodity Offenses)
Clearance (IIC) sticker shall be
tantamount to riding a moving motorcycle
without wearing a helmet.
i. Failure to Carry Driver‟s

License, Certificate of Registration or ₱ 1,000
Official Receipt While Driving a Motor
Vehicle
j. All Other Violations of Traffic Rules and

RegulationsThis includes the following
traffic violations:
1. Parking:
a. in an intersection
b. within 5 meters of the intersection
c. 4 meters from the driveway
entrance
d. within 4 meters from a fire hydrant
e. in front of a private driveway
f. on the roadway side of any

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unmoving or parked MV at the
curb or edge of the highway
₱ 1,000
g. at any place where signs of
prohibitions have been installed
2. Disregarding Traffic Signs
3. Allowing passengers on top or
cover of a motor vehicle except of a
truck helper
4. Failure to provide canvas cover
to cargoes or freight of trucks
requiring the same
5. Permitting passenger to ride on
running board, step board or
mudguard or MV while the same in
motion.
6. Failure to dim headlights when
approaching another motor
vehicle
7. Driving in a place not intended for
traffic or into place not allowed for
parking
8. Hitching or permitting a person or a
bicycle,
motorcycle, tricycle or skate roller to
hitch to a motor vehicle
9. Driving against traffic (Counter flow) –
Failure to pass to the right when meeting
persons or vehicles coming towards him.
10. Illegal turn – Failure to conduct the motor
vehicle to the right of the intersection of the
highway when turning to the left in going from
one highway to another.

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11. Illegal overtaking – Failure to pass to the left
when overtaking persons or vehicles going to
the same direction except when there are two
or more lanes for the movement of traffic in
one direction.
12. Overtaking at unsafe distance – Failure to
pass at a safe distance to the left of another
motor vehicle when overtaking that vehicle.
13. Cutting an overtaken vehicle – Driving to the
right side of the highway after overtaking
before his motor vehicle is safely clear of
such overtaken vehicle.
14. Failure to give way to an overtaking vehicle
– Failure to give way to another vehicle
approaching from the rear that wishes to
overtake his vehicle when the former has
given suitable and audible signal.
15. Increasing speed when being overtaken –
Increasing the speed of the motor vehicle
before the overtaking vehicle has
completely passed.
16. Overtaking when left side is not visible or
clear of oncoming traffic – Driving to the left
side of the center line of a highway in
overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction where the
left side is not clearly visible and is
not free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient
distance to pass in safely.

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17. Overtaking upon a crest of a grade –
Overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction when
approaching the crest of a grade.
18. Overtaking upon a curve – Overtaking or
passing another vehicle proceeding in the
same direction upon a curve in a highway
where the driver‟s view along the highway is
obstructed within a distance of 500 feet
ahead.
19. Overtaking at any railway grade crossing –
Overtaking or passing another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction at any
railway grade crossing.
20. Overtaking at an intersection –
Overtaking or passing another
vehicle in the same direction at any
intersection of highways except on a
highway.
having two or more lanes for movement of
traffic in one direction where the driver of a
vehicle may overtake another vehicle on the
right.
21. Overtaking on “Men Working” or “Caution”

signs – Overtaking or passing or attempting
to overtake or pass another vehicle
proceeding in the same direction between
warning or caution signs indicating that men
are working on a highway.
22. Overtaking at no overtaking zone –

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Overtaking or passing or attempting to
overtake or pass another vehicle proceeding
in the same direction in any “No Passing or
Overtaking” zone.
23. Failure of the vehicle on the left to yield the
right of way to the vehicle on the right when
these vehicles approach or enter an
intersection at approximately the same time.
24. Failure of a vehicle approaching but not
having entered intersection to yield the right
of way to a vehicle within such intersection or
turning therein to the left across the line of
travel of the first mentioned vehicle when
such vehicle has given a plainly visible
signal of intention to turn.
Failure of the driver of any vehicle upon a
highway within a business or residential
district to yield the right of
25. way to a pedestrian crossing such highway
within a cross walk except at intersection
where the movement of traffic is regulated
by a peace officer or by traffic signal.
26. Failure to stop before traversing a “through
highway” or railroad crossing. – Failure of
the driver of a vehicle upon a highway to
bring to a full stop such vehicle before
traversing any “Through Highway” or rail-
road crossing.
27. Failure of a vehicle entering a highway from

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a private road or driver upon a highway to
yield the right of way to all vehicles
approaching on such highway. – Failure of a
vehicle entering a highway from a private
road or driver upon a highway to yield the
right of way to all vehicles approaching on
such highway.
28. Failure to yield right of way to ambulance,
police or fire department vehicles. – Failure
of a driver upon a highway to yield the right
of way to police or fire department vehicles
and ambulances when such vehicles are
operated on official business and the drivers
thereof sound audible signal or their
approach.
29. Failure to yield right of way at a “through
highway” or a “stop intersection”. – Failure of
a vehicle entering a “through highway” or a
“stop intersection” to yield right of way to all
vehicles approaching in either direction on
such “through highway”.
30. Failure to give proper signal. – Failure to
give the appropriate signal before starting,
stopping or turning from a direct line.
31. Illegal turn. – Failure of the driver of a vehicle
intending to turn to the left, to approach such
intersection in the lane for traffic to the right of
and nearest to the center line of the
highway, and in, turning to pass to the left of

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the center of the intersection except upon
highway lane for traffic and upon one-way
highway.
32. Failure to stop motor and notch hand
brake of motor vehicle when unattended. –
Failure to turn off the ignition switch and
stop the motor and notch effectively the
handbrake when parking a motor vehicle
unattended on any highway.
33. Unsafe Towing
34. Obstruction – Obstructing the free passage
of other vehicles on the highway while
discharging or taking passengers or loading
and unloading freight, or driving a motor
vehicle in such a manner as to obstruct or
impede the passage of any vehicle.
35. Motorcycle carrying more passengers other
than the back rider or cargo other than the
saddle bags and luggage carriers
36. Refusal to render service to the public or
convey passenger to destination.
37. Overcharging / Undercharging of fare
38. No franchise / Certificate of Public
Convenience or evidence of franchise
presented during apprehension or carried
inside the motor vehicle.
39. Fake CPC, OR/CR, plates, stickers, and tags
40. Operating the unit with defective parts
and accessories
41. Failure to provide fare discount to those
entitled under existing laws and pertinent

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Memorandum Circulars of the LTFRB.
42. Fast, tampered, defective taximeter or
operating without or with an old seal
taximeter, broken, joined, reconnected,
fake or altered sealing wire.
43. No sign board
44. Pick and drop Passenger outside the terminal
45. Carrying of illegal and/or prohibited

cargoes
46. Failure to provide fire extinguisher
and required “STOP and GO”
signage for use of each vehicle.
47. Trip cutting.
48. Failure to display fare matrix
49. Breach of franchise conditions under
2011 Revised Terms and Conditions
of CPC.
Violations in Connection with Motor Vehicle Registration/Renewal/Operations
a. Driving an Unregistered Motor Vehicle

This includes driving with an
improperly registered motor ₱ 10,000
vehicle or a motor vehicle with
expired, revoked, suspended or
invalid registration, unregistered or
fake substitute or replacement
engine, engine block or chassis

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b. Unauthorized Motor Vehicle
Modification
This includes change in color and other ₱ 5,000
unauthorized modifications of the

standard manufacturer‟s specification
not covered by the preceding section
a.
c. Operating a Right Hand Drive Motor ₱ 50,000

Vehicle
d. Motor Vehicle Operating without or

with Defective/Improper/Unauthorized
Accessories, Devices, Equipment and
Parts
This includes bells/horns/sirens/whistles,
blinkers, brakes, early warning device
(EWD), grill/s, jalousies, brake (foot and ₱ 5,000
hand brakes), brake
lights/headlights/interior lights/signal,
lights/tail lights, mirrors, mufflers, metallic
tires/spare tire, speedometer, windshield,
wipers or any other accessory, device,
equipment or part that is
manifestly prejudicial to road safety.
e. Failure to Attach or Improper

Attachment/Tampering of Authorized ₱ 5,000
Motor Vehicle License Plates and/or
Third Plate Sticker

₱ 4,000 (2nd Offense)
f. Smoke Belching 1-year suspension of the Motor Vehicle
Registration (MVR) and fine not more than
₱ 6,000 (3rd Offense)
g. Fraud in Relation to the Registration of
the Motor Vehicle and/or it‟s Renewal ₱ 3,000

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h. All Other Violation in Connection with
Motor Vehicle ₱ 2,000
Registration/Renewal/Operation
Violations in Connection with Dimensions, Specifications/Weight and Load Limits

a. Load Extending Beyond Projected
Width Without Permit ₱ 1,000
An amount equivalent ot 25% of MVUC at

the time of infringement on
b. Axle Overloading owner/operator or driver of trucks and
trailers for loading beyond their
registered gross weight, vehicle weight.
The penalty shall be waived for loads
exceeding the registered GVW by a
tolerance of less than 5%
c. Operating a Passenger Bus/Truck
With Cargo Exceeding 160 kg. ₱ 1,000
Violations in Connection with Franchise
₱ 1 million (Bus)
₱ 200,000 (Truck)
1. Colorum Violation ₱ 50,000 (Jeepney)
₱ 200,000 (Van)
₱ 120,000 (Sedan)
₱ 6,000 (Motorcycle)

2. Refusal to render service to the ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for
public or convey passenger 30 days (2nd Offense)
destination ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)

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₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for
3. Overcharging/Undercharging of fare
30 days (2nd Offense)
₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)

₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30
4. Failure to provide proper body days (2nd Offense)
markings ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)
5. No franchise/Certificate of Public ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

Convenience or evidence of franchise ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30
presented during apprehension or days (2nd Offense)
carried inside the Motor Vehicle ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)
6. Presentation of Fake CPC, OR/CR, Revocation/Cancellation of the
plates, stickers, and tags franchise/Certificate of Public Convenience
7. Employing reckless, insolent, ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

discourteous arrogant
drivers ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for

Offense)
8. Allowing an unauthorized driver to ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

drive PUV or allowing a driver to
drive PUV without bringing his/her

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driver‟s license Offense)

9. Operating the unit/s with ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for
defective parts and accessories 30 days (2nd Offense)
Offense)

10. Failure to provide fare discount to ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for
those entitle under existing laws 30 days (2nd Offense)
Offense)
11. Failure to provide the Board with ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

complete, correct, and updated ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for
operator‟s information (such as, but 30 days (2nd Offense)
not limited to, address, contact ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)
numbers, list of
drivers, etc.) and other forms of
misrepresentation
12. Failure to display “No Smoking” ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

signage and/or allowing personnel
or passenger to smoke inside the
vehicle
Offense)

13. Fast, tampered, defective taximeter ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30
or operating without or with an old seal days (2nd Offense)
taximeter (TX only) ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)

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14. Tampered, broken, joined, ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30
reconnected, fake or altered sealing wire days (2nd Offense)
(TX only) ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)
15. Violation of color scheme or ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

design/Adoption of new color design ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30
without authority from the Board (PUB days (2nd Offense)
and TX only) ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)

16. Unregistered or unauthorized ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30
trade/business name (PUB and TX only) days (2nd Offense)
Offense)
17. No Panel Route (PUJ, PUB, UV) ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

days (2nd
Offense)
Offense)

18. No sign board (PUJ, PUB, UV) days (2nd Offense)
Offense)

19. Pick and Drop of Passengers outside ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30
the Terminal (PUJ, PUB, UV) days (2nd Offense)
Offense)

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20. Carrying of illegal and/or prohibited days (2nd Offense)
cargoes ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)
21. Failure to provide fire extinguisher ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

and required “STOP and GO” signage for ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30
use of each vehicle (STS only) days (2nd Offense)
Offense)

22. Trip Cutting (PUJ, PUB, UV) days (2nd Offense)
Offense)

23. Failure to display fare matrix (PUJ, days (2nd Offense)
PUB, UV) ₱ 15,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Offense)
24. Failure to display the International ₱ 50,000 (1st Offense)

Symbol of Accessibility inside the units ₱ 75,000 and impounding of unit of at
and/or failure to designate seats least 45 days (2nd Offense)
specifically for the use of Person with ₱ 100,000 and cancellation of CPC (3rd
Disabilities or Failure or refusal to and
transport subsequent Offenses)
PWDs (PUJ, PUB, TTS, UV)
25. Breach of franchise conditions under ₱ 5,000 (1st Offense)

2011 Revised Terms and Conditions of ₱ 10,000 and impounding of unit for 30
CPC not otherwise herein provided. days (2nd Offense)
Offense)

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day of apprehension. In such case, he may be required to pay additional driver’s license
suspension appeal fee.
1. The location of the apprehension

It should be noted that the place in settling apprehension cases vary depending on the location of
his apprehension. If the apprehension took place in Metro Manila, he will appear before the Traffic
Adjudication Service (TAS) of LTO.
On the other hand, if the apprehension took place in some other LTO district or regional offices, the
place of settlement shall be indicated at the issued TOP to the driver. In either case, the following steps
should be taken by the driver:
• The driver submits his written contest and shows his TOP within five (5) days from the time
he was apprehended.
• The receiving clerk of LTO will receive, check, and docket the document presented.
• The clerk will forward the written contest together with the supporting document to the
Regional/District office for adjudication within 30 days.
• After notification of the resolution/decision, the driver will now proceed to the cashier in order
to pay required fine if is it a fined case.
• After receipt of official receipt, the driver will now proceed to the Releasing Unit for the receipt
of the confiscated item.
II. Driver License Suspension Appeal Philippines: Conclusion

In all cases of lifting of suspension, appeal of suspension of driver license, and reinstatement of
the suspended license, the driver need not apply for renewal. Driver’s license renewal after
suspension is possible only if the license expires during the period of suspension. In which case,
the driver need to undergo the same usual process of getting a driver’s license, in accordance with the
requirements of RA 4136.
TEMPORARY OPERATOR’S PERMIT (TOP)
Distribution of copies: White - LTO files

Blue - Apprehending Officer
Yellow - Driver’s copy
Pink - COA copy
Note: If you received a TOP, your LICENSE or LICENSE PLATE will be confiscated. Go to the
AGENCY to REDEEM your driver’s license or license plate

Traffic Rules and
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Steps on how to redeem the confiscated Driver’s License or License Plate issued with
Temporary Operator’s Permit
Step 1: Go to the LTO Office or Agency 72 hours from the time of apprehension which is the validity
period of the TOP.
For any reason the apprehending officer CANNOT Submit the copy to the Agency…….
Then an EXTENSION of 3 to 4 days to use the TOP is allowable but not more than one week.
Step 2: Go to the Law Enforcement Section (LES) where a case number will be given to you.
Step 3: Use this case number to identify yourself at the TRAFFIC ADJUDICATION SECTION (TAS)
Step 4: If you admit to the violation, you will be ordered to pay the corresponding fine.
Step 4A: If you contest the validity of the violation, the apprehending officer will be subpoenaed
for a confrontation with you with any of the TAS lawyers within 4 days to one week.
Confrontation will have to be scheduled.
Step 5: Pay the corresponding fine for which you will be issued a corresponding official receipt.
Step 6: After paying the fine, your license will be returned to you.

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How to redeem the Driver’s License and License Plate issued with
Traffic Citation Tickets
Distribution of copies:
White - Driver
Blue - Traffic Sector
Yellow - Traffic sector
Note: If you receive a TCT your license or license plate SHOULD NOT be confiscated.
Step 1: Go to the nearest TCT redemption section agency to pay your fine;
Step 2: Your previous records will be checked and verified and whether a case has been filed or not.
Step 3: Your fine will be assessed and an order of payment will be prepared
Step 4: Your payment will be received and the cashier will issue official receipt.
Step 5: The official receipt will be used to clear the records.

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ACNKOWLEDGEMENT
1. Vectorstock.com/royalty –free-vector/traffic light.com

2. http://www.safety.sign.com
3. http://www.lto.gov.ph
4. https://www.fashionbeans.com
5. https://www.lawphil.net
6. https;//newstogov.com
7. Executive Order No. 287, s 1958
8. MMDA site
9. Joint Administrative Order No. 2014-01 of LTO, LTFRB, DPWD
10. https://ltoexam.com/fines-penalties
11. https://mocktheorytest.com/resources/essential-theory- pages/attitude-
and-courteous-driving/
12. http://www.mmda.gov.ph/20-faq/293-procedure-in-settling-your- mmda-issued-
traffic-violations.html
13. https://www.moneymax.ph/car-insurance/articles/lto-violations- philippines
14. https://philkotse.com/safe-driving/complete-guideline-on-driver- license-
suspension-appeal-in-the-philippines-2665
15. https://www.lto.gov.ph/images/Transparency/Volume_1.pdf
16. https://lto.gov.ph/images/Transparency/Volume_2_v2.pdf
17. https://www.atbp.ph/2017/08/03/updated-list-traffic-violations- fines-penalties-
philippines/
18. https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizshow.php?title=traffic-
signs&q=2&course_attempt_id=
19. Mandate/ Functions of Environmental Management Bureau
: http://emb.gov.ph/mandates-functions/
20. Greenpeace: The State of Water Resources in the Philippines
http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/ph/Global/seasia/report/2007/1 0/the-state-of-
water-in-the-phil.pdf
21. Waste Segregation: http://www.doh-bin.com/Waste-segregation.html
22. Sewage Problem: https://www.rappler.com/nation/41050-sewage- problem-denr
23. http://www.technosmarts.com/2015/04/24/the-top-10-work-values- employers-look-for/
By Penny Loretto, Internships Expert Date Retrived: July 23, 2020

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Core 3 Obey and Observe Traffic Rules and Regulations

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3

Competency-Based Learning Materials (CBLM)

Automotive and Land Transport

Date Compiled: Document No.

The unit of competency, “OBEY AND OBSERVE TRAFFIC RULES AND

Date Compiled: Document No.

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

CARRY OUT MINOR

2 DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE Driving Light Vehicle ALT832302

OBEY AND OBSERVE Obeying and Observing

Date Compiled: Document No.

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: Obey and Observe Traffic Rules and Regulations

MODULE TITLE: Obeying and Observing Traffic Rules and Regulations

NOMINAL DURATION: 10 hours

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion of the module the trainee/students should be able to:

LO 1. Observe traffic signs and road markers

LO 2. Obey traffic rules and regulations

LO 3. Practice road courtesy

LO 4. Respect traffic enforcers and other traffic management unit

Date Compiled: Document No.

OBSERVE TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD MARKERS

Students/trainees must be provided with the following:

1. Light vehicle unit

Date Compiled: Document No.

OBSERVE TRAFFIC SIGNS AND ROAD MARKERS

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. READ INFORMATION SHEET READ INFORMATION SHEET 3.1-1 After

Date Compiled: Document No.

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:

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I. Traffic Signal Lights and Their Meanings

1. Steady and Flashing Red Light

2. Red Arrow Light

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3. Steady and Flashing Yellow Light

5. Flashing Yellow Arrow

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II. Other Signals

2. Raised or Upraised Hand

III. The traffic light is for safety

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1. Distinguish the meaning of road signs;

Call it road signs, street signs, or traffic signs, the main

Growing Importance of traffic signs in the Philippines

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Philippines’ Signage Maker Choice

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